CN107793772A - 纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用 - Google Patents

纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用 Download PDF

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CN107793772A
CN107793772A CN201711099473.1A CN201711099473A CN107793772A CN 107793772 A CN107793772 A CN 107793772A CN 201711099473 A CN201711099473 A CN 201711099473A CN 107793772 A CN107793772 A CN 107793772A
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nano wire
composite plastic
aramid fiber
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何丹农
张现
林琳
陈超
金彩虹
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Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明主要提供了一种纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用，将试剂A、试剂B和芳纶板置于水热釜中，制得纳米线复合芳纶板；将制得的复合芳纶板材与试剂C水热制得增强型纳米线复合芳纶板；将添加剂A与聚醚砜树脂共混制得改性聚醚砜；将增强型纳米线复合芳纶板与改性聚醚砜用真空辅助树脂灌注成型模塑技术制备为复合塑料。该方法以有序高强纳米线为核心材料将两种材料进行复合，制备出具有良好物理性能的复合塑料，且兼具不错的导热效果。

Description

纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚酯母粒的制备方法，尤其是涉及一种纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用。
背景资料
芳纶全称为"聚苯二甲酰苯二胺",英文为Aramid fiber，是一种新型高科技合成纤维，具有超高强度、高模量和耐高温、耐酸耐碱、重量轻等优良性能,其强度是钢丝的 5～6倍，模量为钢丝或玻璃纤维的2～3倍，韧性是钢丝的2倍，而重量仅为钢丝的1/5左右，在560度的温度下，不分解，不融化。它具有良好的绝缘性和抗老化性能，具有很长的生命周期。芳纶的发现，被认为是材料界一个非常重要的历史进程。
聚醚砜树脂（PES）是英国ICI公司在1972年开发的一种综合性能优异的热塑性高分子材料，是得到应用的为数不多的特种工程塑料之一。它具有优良的耐热性能、物理机械性能、绝缘性能等，特别是具有可以在高温下连续使用和在温度急剧变化的环境中仍能保持性能稳定等突出优点，在许多领域已经得到广泛应用。
特种塑料因为分子链较长，链活性较差，因此并不能较好的混合。而随着科技的发展，越来越多的领域，如飞机、汽车、风机叶片开始追求轻质高强的材料，与金属材料相比，特种塑料的质量方面具有无以伦比的优势，但是单一特种塑料及其改性产品的性能往往难以满足极端条件下的需求。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足，本发明目的在于：提供一种纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法。
本发明再一目的在于：提供一种上述方法制备的产品。
本发明又一目的在于：提供一种上述方法制得产品的应用。
本发明目的通过下述方案实现：一种纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
1）将试剂A、试剂B和芳纶板置于水热釜中水热反应，制得纳米线复合芳纶板，其中，所用试剂A为氯化镍、四氯化铂、二氯化钯中的一种或几种，所用试剂B为氯化钴、氯化铁、氯化镁中的一种或几种；
2）将制得的复合芳纶板材与试剂C水热反应制得增强型纳米线复合芳纶板，所用试剂C为硫化钠、硫化钾、硫化锂中的一种或几种，其中，试剂A、B和C的摩尔浓度相同；
3）将添加剂A与聚醚砜树脂共混制得改性聚醚砜，所用的添加剂A为单壁碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯、富勒烯中的一种或几种；
4）将增强型纳米线复合芳纶板与改性聚醚砜用真空辅助树脂灌注成型模塑技术制备为复合塑料。
本发明方法以纳米线为核心，将两种特种塑料均匀混合，制备出具有较好物理性能的复合塑料，同时该材料也具有良好的导热性能，有利于其在多种环境下使用。
所用试剂A的浓度为0.1～0.4 mol/L。
所用试剂B浓度为0.1～0.4 mol/L。
所用试剂C浓度为0.1～0.4 mol/L。
所用的添加剂A用量为1～3份。
1）中的水热反应的条件为：温度100～130℃，时间4～6 h；2）中的水热反应的条件为：温度150～180℃，时间12～16 h。
本发明提供一种纳米线增强复合塑料，根据上述任一所述方法制备得到。产品在拉伸强度、冲击强度和导热性能都得到极大提高。
本发明提供一种纳米线增强复合塑料的在导热材料中的应用。
本发明优越性在于：以纳米线为核心，将两种特种塑料均匀混合，制备出具有较好物理性能的复合塑料，同时该材料也具有良好的导热性能，有利于其在多种环境下使用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1）将芳纶板材置于水热釜中，加入0.1mol/L氯化镍溶液和0.1mol/L氯化钴溶液，100℃水热4 h；
2）将板材取出，用去离子水洗净，再放入水热釜中，加入0.1mol/L的硫化钠溶液，150℃水热12 h，取出洗净，烘干后即得到纳米线改性芳纶板；
3）取1份单壁碳纳米管与100份聚醚砜树脂，熔融共混制得改性聚醚砜树脂；
4）将两种塑料置于设备中，采用真空辅助树脂灌注成型模塑法制备为纳米线增强复合塑料。测试其拉伸强度，如表1。
实施例2
1)将芳纶板材置于水热釜中，加入0.2mol/L四氯化铂溶液和0.2mol/L氯化铁溶液，120℃水热5 h；
2)将板材取出，用去离子水洗净，再放入水热釜中，加入0.2mol/L的硫化钾溶液，160℃水热14 h，取出洗净，烘干后即得到纳米线改性芳纶板；
3)取2份氧化石墨烯与100份聚醚砜树脂，熔融共混制得改性聚醚砜树脂；
4)将两种塑料置于设备中，采用真空辅助树脂灌注成型模塑法制备为纳米线增强复合塑料。测试其冲击强度，如表2。
实施例3
1）将芳纶板材置于水热釜中，加入0.4mol/L二氯化钯溶液和0.4mol/L氯化镁溶液，130℃水热6 h；
2）将板材取出，用去离子水洗净，再放入水热釜中，加入0.4mol/L的硫化锂溶液，180℃水热16 h，取出洗净，烘干后即得到纳米线改性芳纶板；
3） 取3份氧化富勒烯与100份聚醚砜树脂，熔融共混制得改性聚醚砜树脂；
将两种塑料置于设备中，采用真空辅助树脂灌注成型模塑法制备为纳米线增强复合塑料。测试其导热系数，如表3。
。

Claims (8)

1.一种纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于，制备过程为：
1）将试剂A、试剂B和芳纶板置于水热釜中进行水热反应，制得纳米线复合芳纶板，其中，所述的试剂A为氯化镍、四氯化铂、二氯化钯中的一种或几种，所述的试剂B为氯化钴、氯化铁、氯化镁中的一种或几种；
2）将制得的复合芳纶板材与试剂C水热反应制得增强型纳米线复合芳纶板，所述的试剂C为硫化钠、硫化钾、硫化锂中的一种或几种，其中，试剂A、B和C的摩尔浓度相同；
3）将添加剂A与聚醚砜树脂共混制得改性聚醚砜，所述的添加剂A为单壁碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯、富勒烯中的一种或几种；
4）将2）制得的增强型纳米线复合芳纶板与3）制得的改性聚醚砜用真空辅助树脂灌注成型模塑技术制备为复合塑料。
2.如权利要求1所述纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所用试剂A浓度为0.1～0.4 mol/L。
3.如权利要求1所述纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所用试剂B浓度为0.1～0.4 mol/L。
4.如权利要求1所述纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所用试剂C浓度为0.1～0.4 mol/L。
5.如权利要求1所述纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所用的添加剂A用量为1～3份。
6.如权利要求1所述纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：1）中的水热反应的条件为：温度100～130℃，时间4～6 h；2）中的水热反应的条件为：温度150～180℃，时间12～16 h。
7.一种纳米线增强复合塑料，其特征在于根据权利要求1-6任一所述方法制备得到。
8.根据权利要求7所述纳米线增强复合塑料在导热材料中的应用。
CN201711099473.1A 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 纳米线增强复合塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用 Pending CN107793772A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20180313