CN107788980B - Microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasonic bimodal nutrition perfusion volume detection device - Google Patents
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- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
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- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0825—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of the breast, e.g. mammography
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- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0891—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of blood vessels
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- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
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- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
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- A61B8/5246—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for combining image data of patient, e.g. merging several images from different acquisition modes into one image combining images from the same or different imaging techniques, e.g. color Doppler and B-mode
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5215—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B8/5238—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for combining image data of patient, e.g. merging several images from different acquisition modes into one image
- A61B8/5261—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for combining image data of patient, e.g. merging several images from different acquisition modes into one image combining images from different diagnostic modalities, e.g. ultrasound and X-ray
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2576/00—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis
- A61B2576/02—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis specially adapted for a particular organ or body part
Abstract
The invention provides a microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasonic bimodal nutrition perfusion volume detection device and a method. The device comprises a function generator, a microwave generator, a sample pool, a data acquisition card, a computer and the like, wherein the function generator transmits a pulse sequence to trigger the microwave generator to emit pulse microwaves, the pulse microwaves are uniformly irradiated onto a tissue to be detected through a transmitting antenna, the tissue to be detected absorbs microwave energy to cause instant temperature rise to generate a thermoacoustic effect, and heat energy is converted into mechanical energy to be radiated out in an ultrasonic mode; the computer utilizes a back projection algorithm to reconstruct images according to the thermoacoustic and ultrasonic time domain signals acquired by the data acquisition card to obtain microwave thermoacoustic and ultrasonic bimodal imaging and calculate nutrition perfusion volume. The invention can detect the distribution and the intensity of nutrient substances in blood and display the flowing direction and the flowing speed of the nutrient substances in blood vessels so as to obtain the content information of the nutrient substances flowing through in unit time, thereby providing an effective diagnosis mode for early breast tumors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medical imaging technology, in particular to a device which integrates two imaging modes based on microwave thermoacoustic and color ultrasonic imaging technologies and aims to detect nutrient perfusion quantity parameters (the content of nutrient substances flowing through in unit time).
Background
Vascular imaging techniques are used to detect a wide variety of diseases, such as tumors, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and the like. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) are common general vascular clinical examination tools. MRI and PET have good resolution and high specificity; however, they are not widely used because of their high price. CT also has some limitations, such as ionizing radiation and small vessel imaging difficulties.
The color doppler imaging technique is a widely used clinical diagnostic technique, can determine the organ position, and quickly and intuitively display the blood vessel distribution, direction and blood flow velocity, but the color doppler imaging is also ultrasonic imaging in nature, and the contrast is still very low. The microwave thermoacoustic imaging uses pulse microwaves as an excitation source, has good imaging contrast ratio based on microwave absorption difference in biological tissues, and can obtain functional information on a molecular level. Blood contains various nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, Amino Acids (AA), glucose (Glu) and inorganic salts, most of which have strong microwave absorption.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasonic bimodal nutrient perfusion volume detection device, which can detect the distribution and the intensity of nutrient substances in blood based on a microwave thermoacoustic and color Doppler ultrasonic bimodal imaging system, and can display the flowing direction and the flowing speed of the nutrient substances in blood vessels at the same time so as to obtain the content information of the nutrient substances flowing in unit time, thereby providing an effective diagnosis mode for early breast tumors.
The detection device adopts the following technical scheme: the microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasonic bimodal nutrition perfusion volume detection device comprises a function generator, a microwave generator, a transmitting antenna, an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device, an amplifier, a sample pool, a data acquisition card and a computer, wherein the computer is connected with the function generator and the data acquisition card respectively; the microwave generator is connected with the function generator, the transmitted pulse signal is transmitted to the sample cell through the transmitting antenna, and the tissue to be detected is placed in the sample cell;
the function generator transmits a pulse sequence to trigger the microwave generator to emit pulse microwaves, the pulse microwaves are uniformly irradiated onto the tissue to be detected through the transmitting antenna, the tissue to be detected absorbs microwave energy to cause instant temperature rise, adiabatic expansion is generated, a thermoacoustic effect is generated, and heat energy is converted into mechanical energy to be radiated out in an ultrasonic mode; the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device is used for receiving and transmitting ultrasonic signals and thermoacoustic signals, the ultrasonic signals are transmitted to the data acquisition card for ultrasonic time domain signal acquisition, and the thermoacoustic signals are processed by the amplifier and then transmitted to the data acquisition card for thermoacoustic time domain signal acquisition; the computer utilizes a back projection algorithm to reconstruct images according to the time domain signals of the thermoacoustic and ultrasonic waves collected by the data acquisition card to obtain microwave thermoacoustic and ultrasonic bimodal imaging, and calculates the nutrition perfusion volume according to the obtained bimodal imaging.
Preferably, the microwave generator and the transmitting antenna are arranged below the sample cell; the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device is arranged above the sample pool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. thermoacoustic imaging not only has high contrast ratio, but also has the advantages of high resolution, high imaging depth, small thermal damage and high signal-to-noise ratio; the color ultrasonic imaging can position the pathological tissue, provide information of clear boundary, envelope and shape of a focus and detect the flow velocity information of blood. The invention uses microwave thermoacoustic and color ultrasonic dual modes for blood vessel imaging detection, not only can position blood vessels and provide structural images of high resolution and high contrast of blood vessel tissues, but also can detect the content of polar molecules flowing in unit time, namely nutrition perfusion.
2. Compared with the surrounding normal tissues, the pathological tissue has denser microvasculature and faster metabolism, and the microwave thermoacoustic and color Doppler ultrasound dual-mode imaging system can obtain the content of nutrients in blood per unit time to monitor the consumption of the nutrients in the blood, thereby providing a new diagnostic tool for early breast tumors.
3. The device has the advantages of small system volume, light weight, stable work, long continuous operation time, convenient use, low manufacturing cost and small energy consumption; has great promotion effect on realizing the clinical application of thermoacoustic and color ultrasound technologies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the perfusion amount of blood vessel nutrients;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bimodal nutrition perfusion quantity detection device based on microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasound in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram for microwave thermoacoustic and color ultrasound bimodal imaging;
FIG. 4 is a thermal acoustic, color ultrasound imaging experiment of simulated blood vessels, wherein (a) is a bimodal imaging plot of arginine aqueous solution of the same concentration at different flow rates, and (b) is a bimodal imaging plot of aqueous solution of different polar molecules at the same flow rate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
FIG. 1 illustrates the detection of the amount of vascular nutrient perfusion, where C1、C2Expressed as nutrient strength, d1、d2The diameter of the cross section of the vessel, v1、v2The flow velocity is shown in cross section there. Referring to FIG. 2, the device for detecting the bimodal nutrition perfusion volume parameter based on microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasound in the embodiment comprises a function generator 2-1, a microwave generator 2-2, a transmitting antenna 2-3, an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device 2-6, a coupling agent 2-5, a sample cell 2-7, an amplifier 2-8, a direct current power supply 2-9, a data acquisition card 2-10, a computer 2-11 and a display, wherein the computer is respectively connected with the function generator, the data acquisition card and the display, and the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device, the amplifier and the data acquisition card are sequentially connected; the microwave generator is connected with the function generator, the transmitted pulse signal is transmitted to the lower part of the sample pool 2-7 through the transmitting antenna, the sample pool is filled with the coupling agent 2-5, and the tissue 2-4 to be detected is placed in the sample pool. The ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device is arranged above the sample pool.
The microwave generator is a high-power microwave generator, the emission frequency is 0.5-30GHz, the pulse width is 0.001-1 mus, the emission pulse peak power is 10-1000KW, and the repetition frequency is 1-10K times of continuously adjustable pulse microwaves. The microwave source of this embodiment is a microwave generator (BW6000HPT) of micro electro mechanical technology ltd, north shaanxi, and the microwave source emits pulsed microwave with a transmission frequency of 6GHz, a pulse width of 1 μ s, a pulse peak power of 80KW, and a repetition frequency of 500 times, which are continuously adjustable.
The function generator sets the frequency range to be 1-1000Hz, the amplitude to be 1-50vpp and the pulse width to be 0.001-100 mus. The transmitting antenna is used for radiating high-power microwaves, is in a shape of a circular horn, has a gain range of 1-100dB, and is used for radiating the high-power microwaves, wherein the caliber of the transmitting antenna in the embodiment is preferably 110mm, and the gain is preferably 3 dB.
The sample cell is used for placing a sample to be tested, the length and the width of the sample cell are 20-30cm, the material is stainless steel, the constant temperature and the constant pressure are kept, and the sample cell is not easy to deform, corrosion resistant, high temperature resistant, easy to clean and replaceable. The couplant is a water-soluble high-molecular colloid, and is used for removing air between ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device and tissue to be detected, and making ultrasonic wave be passed into tissue to be detected so as to attain the goal of effective detection.
The direct current power supply is connected with the amplifier and provides direct current voltage for the amplifier, and the rated voltage range is 6-12V. Because the thermoacoustic signal is weaker than the ultrasonic signal, the invention utilizes 128-path amplifiers to amplify the thermoacoustic signal, the amplification factor of the amplifier is 40-200 times, and the number range of the channels is 1-1024; the preferred amplification of the amplifier of this embodiment is 50 times.
The ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device adopts an ultrasonic transducer with the number of channels ranging from 1 to 1024 and the frequency ranging from 0.5MHz to 75MHz for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals; in the embodiment, a dominant frequency 2.5MHz multi-array element linear probe is preferred, which can transmit ultrasound and receive ultrasound, the number of channels is 128, and the relative bandwidth is about 70%.
The data acquisition card and the computer can be used for data acquisition and imaging. The data acquisition card is used for acquiring thermoacoustic and ultrasonic time domain signals, and storing the thermoacoustic and ultrasonic time domain signals in a form of a three-dimensional matrix (point number x channel number x wave number), wherein the point number range is 1-4096, the channel number range is 1-1024, and the wave number range is 100-200-. In the embodiment, the resolution ratio of the data acquisition card is 12 bits, the sampling rate is 50MS/s, and the sampling rate meets the acquisition requirement. The CPU model of the computer is a 4GHz Intel Core 2i7-4790K dual-Core processor, and the requirement on the computing speed is met; and (3) utilizing MATLAB or other software to realize a back projection algorithm to reconstruct images so as to obtain microwave thermoacoustic and ultrasonic bimodal imaging.
The working principle of the detection device is as follows: the function generator emits a pulse sequence to trigger the microwave generator to emit pulse microwaves, and the pulse microwaves are uniformly irradiated to the tissue to be measured through the emitting antenna to form a group to be measuredThe microwave energy absorbed by the fabric causes instant temperature rise, the pulse width of the microwave is narrow, the absorbed energy cannot generate thermal diffusion within the microwave pulse duration, adiabatic expansion occurs, and a thermoacoustic effect is generated, namely, the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy to be radiated out in an ultrasonic mode. The linear array ultrasonic probe is connected to a microwave source, an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device transmits ultrasonic waves to a blood vessel, an ultrasonic transducer converts thermoacoustic signals and ultrasonic signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to a data acquisition card, amplified thermoacoustic signals and ultrasonic signals which are externally triggered are simultaneously acquired, and acquired time domain signals can be restored into microwave thermoacoustic and color ultrasonic imaging in a computer through a filtering back-projection method. Microwave thermoacoustic imaging is used to detect changes in the intensity of nutrients, and color ultrasound imaging is used to detect changes in flow rate. As shown in FIG. 1, C1、C2Expressed is the strength of the nutrient, d1、d2The diameter of the cross-section, v1、v2The flow rate of the cross section is shown, and the change of nutrient perfusion is detected by using the following formula:
image reconstruction in a computer: the acquired original data of the microwave thermoacoustic and ultrasonic, namely the time domain signals, is stored in the form of a three-dimensional matrix (points x the number of channels x the number of waves)), and the Beam number is removed, and the original data of the two-dimensional matrix (points x the number of channels) is subjected to image reconstruction by utilizing a back projection algorithm, so that an imaging graph fusing the microwave thermoacoustic and ultrasonic can be finally obtained.
The time sequence of microwave thermoacoustic and color ultrasonic bimodal imaging is shown in figure 3, and a group of images in two imaging modes can be completed within 1 millisecond, so that images in the two imaging modes in the same imaging area can be simultaneously acquired under the same set of data acquisition card without mutual interference. Figure 4 simulates a vascular thermo-acoustic, color ultrasound imaging experiment in which (a) is bimodal imaging of an arginine aqueous solution of the same concentration at different flow rates, and (b) is bimodal imaging of an aqueous solution of a molecule of different polarity at the same flow rate.
The detection method is based on the microwave thermoacoustic-ultrasonic bimodal nutrition perfusion volume detection device and comprises the following steps:
(1) the tissue to be tested is placed in a sample cell filled with a coupling agent (mineral oil).
(2) Connecting and opening a microwave generator, a data acquisition card, a computer, a function generator, a direct current power supply, an amplifier and other equipment, setting parameters, and waiting for detection.
(3) Triggering a microwave generator to generate pulse microwaves by using a pulse sequence transmitted by a function generator; the pulse microwave is transmitted to the sample pool through the transmitting antenna, the tissue to be detected absorbs microwave energy to cause instant temperature rise, the thermoacoustic signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal and transmitted to an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device (an ultrasonic probe), and the data acquisition card acquires the thermoacoustic signal and the time domain signal of the ultrasonic signal and stores the original data in the form of RAW.
(4) And leading the thermoacoustic and ultrasonic time domain signals into a computer, and performing image reconstruction processing by using a back projection algorithm of MATLAB to obtain microwave thermoacoustic and ultrasonic bimodal imaging.
(5) Store the dual modality imaging data and shut down the devices.
(6) And (3) analyzing and calculating data according to the obtained bimodal imaging, and obtaining the nutrition perfusion amount through a formula (1).
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasonic bimodal nutrition perfusion volume detection device is characterized by comprising a function generator, a microwave generator, a transmitting antenna, an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device, an amplifier, a sample cell, a data acquisition card and a computer, wherein the computer is connected with the function generator and the data acquisition card respectively; the microwave generator is connected with the function generator, the transmitted pulse signal is transmitted to the sample cell through the transmitting antenna, and the tissue to be detected is placed in the sample cell;
the function generator transmits a pulse sequence to trigger the microwave generator to emit pulse microwaves, the pulse microwaves are uniformly irradiated onto the tissue to be detected through the transmitting antenna, the tissue to be detected absorbs microwave energy to cause instant temperature rise, adiabatic expansion is generated, a thermoacoustic effect is generated, and heat energy is converted into mechanical energy to be radiated out in an ultrasonic mode; the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device is used for receiving and transmitting ultrasonic signals and thermoacoustic signals, the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device transmits ultrasonic waves to the blood vessel, the ultrasonic signals are transmitted to the data acquisition card for ultrasonic time domain signal acquisition, and the thermoacoustic signals are processed by the amplifier and then transmitted to the data acquisition card for thermoacoustic time domain signal acquisition; the computer utilizes a back projection algorithm to reconstruct images according to time domain signals of thermoacoustic and ultrasonic acquired by the data acquisition card to obtain microwave thermoacoustic and ultrasonic bimodal imaging, and calculates the variable quantity of nutrient perfusion volume according to the obtained bimodal imaging, wherein the microwave thermoacoustic imaging is used for detecting the intensity change of nutrient substances, and the color ultrasonic imaging is used for detecting the change of flow rate;
the calculation formula of the variation of the nutrient perfusion amount is as follows:
wherein C is1、C2Expressed is the strength of the nutrient, d1、d2The diameters, v, of the cross-section at different locations are shown1、v2Showing different cross-sectional diameters d1、d2The flow rate corresponding to the corresponding position.
2. The microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasound bimodal nutrient perfusion quantity detection device according to claim 1, wherein the microwave generator and the transmitting antenna are arranged below the sample cell; the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device is arranged above the sample pool.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sample cell is filled with a coupling agent.
4. The microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasound bimodal nutrition perfusion amount detection device according to claim 3, wherein the couplant is a water-soluble polymer colloid.
5. The microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasound bimodal nutrient perfusion quantity detection device according to claim 3, wherein the couplant is mineral oil.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the microwave generator emits microwave with frequency of 0.5-30GHz and pulse width of 0.001-1 μ s.
7. The microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasound bimodal nutrient perfusion volume detection device according to claim 1, wherein the function generator has a frequency range of 1-1000Hz, an amplitude of 1-50vpp, and a pulse width of 0.001-100 μ s.
8. The microwave thermoacoustic-color ultrasound bimodal nutrient perfusion volume detection device of claim 1, wherein the transmitting antenna is a horn antenna; the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device adopts an ultrasonic transducer with the number of channels ranging from 1 to 1024 and the frequency ranging from 0.5MHz to 75 MHz.
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