CN107766655B - Method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of electromagnetic relay - Google Patents
Method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of electromagnetic relay Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay, which comprises the following steps: realizing the dynamic characteristic simulation of the electromagnetic relay; establishing a storage degradation model of permanent magnets; substituting the data acquisition time of the test into the permanent magnet storage degradation model to obtain the corresponding permanent magnet storage degradation state; modifying corresponding parameters of the electromagnetic system simulation model according to the permanent magnet storage degradation state at each moment to realize the injection of permanent magnet storage degradation; respectively carrying out dynamic characteristic simulation on the electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with permanent magnets with different storage degradation degrees; fitting the external characteristic simulation degradation data, and respectively constructing a storage degradation model of each external characteristic; performing trend analysis on the constructed external characteristic storage degradation model; determining whether the selected output characteristic is a degradation characterizing parameter for permanent magnet storage of the electromagnetic relay. The invention solves the problem that the permanent magnet degradation degree of the electromagnetic relay can not be directly monitored in the storage process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of performance analysis of relays, in particular to a method for determining a permanent magnet storage degradation characterization parameter of an electromagnetic relay.
Background
After most products are produced and put into service, the performance and reliability of the products are not only affected by the working stress, but also are subjected to the combined effect of the storage environmental stress in the non-working state. For disposable products such as automobile airbags, missiles, carrier rockets and the like, the storage state occupies most of the whole life cycle, and the continuous action of environmental stress such as temperature, humidity, vibration and the like in the storage process is the most main factor causing the performance degradation of the products. Thus, there is increasing emphasis on the reliability research related to the performance degradation of products during storage and the reliability assessment and prediction problems. The storage performance of an electromagnetic relay, which is a component widely used in electronic circuit products, directly affects the storage reliability of the product. Generally, an electromagnetic relay mainly comprises an electromagnetic system and a contact spring system. The permanent magnet is used as an important component of an electromagnetic system, and not only influences the attraction-reaction force matching of the electromagnetic relay, but also determines the magnitude of the retention force in an attraction state. Meanwhile, among the constituent parts of the electromagnetic relay, the permanent magnet is one of the most important parts in which storage degradation occurs, and directly determines the storage performance of the electromagnetic relay. In addition, due to the structural characteristics of the electromagnetic relay and the particularity of the permanent magnet material, the performance of the permanent magnet is difficult to measure after the assembly is finished, so that the monitoring of the storage degradation state of the permanent magnet in the electromagnetic relay cannot be realized. The storage reliability and the storage life of the permanent magnet and the electromagnetic relay are difficult to evaluate and predict, and the application of the electromagnetic relay in occasions with storage life requirements is limited. Therefore, how to determine a directly measurable performance parameter of the electromagnetic relay and indirectly reflect the storage degradation state of the permanent magnet through the degradation condition of the parameter in the storage process is a great challenge in developing storage reliability research of the electromagnetic relay at present.
The permanent magnet determines the holding force of the electromagnetic relay and affects the attraction-reaction force matching of the electromagnetic relay, and the storage degradation of the permanent magnet directly affects the external characteristics (such as action time) and the performance of the electromagnetic relay. With the development of the multi-physical-field simulation technology, simulation and analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic relay can be realized through the combined calling of the software such as the FLUX software, the ADAMS software and the like. Meanwhile, the degradation data of the material performance can be simply obtained by independently carrying out storage tests on the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay. Therefore, the degradation state of the permanent magnet is injected based on a simulation means, the storage degradation of the permanent magnet is converted into the degradation of the external characteristic of the electromagnetic relay by simulating the storage degradation process of the electromagnetic relay corresponding to the storage degradation of the permanent magnet, and finally, the characterization parameter of the storage degradation of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay is found. The storage reliability and the storage life of the electromagnetic relay can be predicted by monitoring and analyzing the characterization parameters in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay, aiming at solving the problem that the degradation state of the permanent magnet in an electromagnetic system can not be directly measured in the storage process of the electromagnetic relay.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay, comprising the following steps:
establishing an electromagnetic relay simulation model comprising an electromagnetic system and a contact spring system, and realizing the dynamic characteristic simulation of the electromagnetic relay;
carrying out a storage degradation test on the permanent magnet, and establishing a storage degradation model of the permanent magnet;
substituting the data acquisition time of the test into the permanent magnet storage degradation model to obtain the corresponding permanent magnet storage degradation state;
modifying corresponding parameters of the electromagnetic system simulation model according to the permanent magnet storage degradation state at each moment to realize the injection of permanent magnet storage degradation;
respectively carrying out dynamic characteristic simulation on the electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with permanent magnets with different storage degradation degrees;
fitting the external characteristic simulation degradation data by using a maximum likelihood estimation method, and respectively constructing a storage degradation model of each external characteristic;
performing trend analysis on the constructed external characteristic storage degradation model, and selecting external characteristics with determined degradation trend;
and judging the linear correlation between the simulation degradation data of the selected external characteristic and the permanent magnet storage degradation state data, and determining whether the selected output characteristic is a permanent magnet storage degradation characterization parameter of the electromagnetic relay.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step of establishing a simulation model of the electromagnetic relay including the electromagnetic system and the contact spring system and implementing the simulation of the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic relay, the design parameters of the electromagnetic relay include the dimensions, tolerances and material properties of the relay itself and its components.
In the preferred embodiment, in the step of performing the storage degradation test on the permanent magnet and establishing the storage degradation model of the permanent magnet, the actual storage environment of the electromagnetic relay is simulated, the storage degradation test is performed on n permanent magnet samples, degradation data d (t) is collected at time t, and the storage degradation model of the permanent magnet attraction force is established by performing curve fitting on d (t).
In the preferred embodiment, the curve fitting for d (t) is based on a failure physical model, or by comparing the fitting effect of various mathematical models of straight line, exponential, logarithmic and power functions, so as to determine the optimal fitting model.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step of modifying corresponding parameters of the simulation model of the electromagnetic system according to the permanent magnet storage degradation state at each moment to realize the injection of the permanent magnet storage degradation, the attribute modification of the permanent magnet material is determined according to the permanent magnet storage degradation state, so that the simulation data of the permanent magnet is matched with the measured data.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step of performing dynamic characteristic simulation on the electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with the permanent magnets with different storage degradation degrees respectively to obtain the simulated degradation data corresponding to the external characteristics, the established electromagnetic relay dynamic characteristic simulation model is applied to perform dynamic characteristic simulation on k electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with the permanent magnets with different storage degradation degrees respectively to obtain the corresponding k simulation data of pull-in time, release time, pull-in voltage and release voltage.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step of fitting the external characteristic simulated degradation data and respectively constructing the storage degradation models of the external characteristics, a maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to respectively fit the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage simulated degradation data, and respectively construct the storage degradation models of the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage.
In a preferred embodiment, when the storage degradation model of the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage is constructed, the optimal fitting model is determined based on a failure physical model or by comparing fitting effects of various mathematical models of linear, exponential, logarithmic and power functions.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step of performing trend analysis on the constructed external characteristic storage degradation model to select the external characteristic with a determined degradation trend, the constructed output characteristic storage degradation model of the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage is subjected to trend analysis on the principle that the degradation trend is obvious and the degradation is irreversible, so as to select the output characteristic which meets the principle.
In the step of judging the linear correlation between the simulated degradation data of the selected external characteristic and the permanent magnet storage degradation state data and determining whether the selected output characteristic is the electromagnetic relay permanent magnet storage degradation characterization parameter, the preferred embodiment calculates the linear correlation coefficient between the simulated degradation data corresponding to the selected output characteristic and the permanent magnet attraction storage degradation data, and determines that the selected output characteristic is the electromagnetic relay permanent magnet storage degradation characterization parameter when the absolute value of the linear correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay; firstly, establishing a simulation model of the electromagnetic relay; then carrying out storage degradation modeling on the permanent magnet, and discretizing the storage degradation model; carrying out dynamic characteristic simulation on an electromagnetic relay model containing permanent magnets in different storage degradation states; fitting each group of simulation data by applying a maximum likelihood estimation method, and finding out the output characteristic with a determined degradation trend; and finally, determining the degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet storage of the electromagnetic relay by calculating the linear correlation coefficient of the simulation degradation data of the selected output characteristics and the degradation state data of the permanent magnet storage. The injection of permanent magnet storage degradation is realized by a simulation means, the output characteristic which can be directly measured and can represent the permanent magnet storage degradation in the electromagnetic relay is found out by analyzing the degradation trend of the output characteristic of the electromagnetic relay and calculating the degree of the degradation related to the permanent magnet storage degradation, and the problem that the permanent magnet degradation degree of the electromagnetic relay cannot be directly monitored in the storage process is solved.
The storage degradation characterization parameters of the electromagnetic relay are determined based on the simulation and degradation injection modes, the relay output characteristic change condition caused by permanent magnet storage degradation can be obtained without directly carrying out a storage degradation test on the electromagnetic relay, the test difficulty is reduced, and the test cost can be effectively saved. In the process of determining the storage degradation characterization parameters, the trend of the storage degradation of the output characteristics and the correlation with the storage degradation of the permanent magnet are considered at the same time, and the result credibility is high. The method lays a foundation for relevant researches such as storage reliability evaluation and residual storage life prediction of electromagnetic relay products.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay according to the present invention. The invention provides a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: establishing an electromagnetic relay simulation model comprising an electromagnetic system and a contact spring system, and realizing dynamic characteristic simulation of the electromagnetic relay, specifically, establishing a simulation model of the electromagnetic system of the relay in FLUX software according to design parameters of the electromagnetic relay, establishing a simulation model of the contact spring system in ADAMS software, and performing joint simulation through MATLAB software to realize simulation modeling of the dynamic characteristic of the electromagnetic relay;
step S2: carrying out storage degradation test on the permanent magnet, establishing a storage degradation model of the permanent magnet, particularly simulating the actual storage environment of an electromagnetic relay, carrying out storage degradation test on n permanent magnet samples, collecting degradation data D (t) at the moment t, and carrying out curve fitting on D (t) to establish a storage degradation model of permanent magnet suction force;
step S3: substituting the tested data acquisition time into a permanent magnet storage degradation model to obtain the corresponding permanent magnet storage degradation state, and concretely substituting k data acquisition times selected in the storage degradation test process into the established permanent magnet suction storage degradation model to obtain k permanent magnet storage degradation states corresponding to the k data acquisition times;
step S4: modifying corresponding parameters of the electromagnetic system simulation model according to the permanent magnet storage degradation state at each moment to realize the injection of permanent magnet storage degradation, specifically, in the FLUX software, modifying the material property of the permanent magnet in the electromagnetic system simulation model established in the step S1 according to the k permanent magnet storage degradation states obtained in the step S3 to obtain k new electromagnetic system simulation models to realize the injection of permanent magnet storage degradation;
step S5: respectively carrying out dynamic characteristic simulation on electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with permanent magnets with different storage degradation degrees to obtain simulation degradation data corresponding to external characteristics, specifically, respectively carrying out dynamic characteristic simulation on k electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with permanent magnets with different storage degradation degrees by applying the electromagnetic relay dynamic characteristic simulation models established in the step S1 to obtain corresponding k simulation data of pull-in time, release time, pull-in voltage and release voltage, and taking the simulation data as the simulation degradation data of four parameters;
step S6: fitting the external characteristic simulation degradation data by using a maximum likelihood estimation method, and respectively constructing a storage degradation model of each external characteristic, specifically fitting the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage simulation degradation data by using the maximum likelihood estimation method, and respectively constructing the storage degradation models of the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage;
step S7: performing trend analysis on the constructed external characteristic storage degradation model, selecting external characteristics with determined degradation trend, specifically performing trend analysis on the constructed four output characteristic storage degradation models according with the principle of obvious degradation trend and irreversible degradation, and selecting output characteristics according with the principle;
step S8: judging the linear correlation between the simulation degradation data of the selected external characteristic and the permanent magnet storage degradation state data, and determining whether the selected output characteristic is an electromagnetic relay permanent magnet storage degradation characterization parameter, specifically, calculating a linear correlation coefficient between the simulation degradation data corresponding to the selected output characteristic in the step S7 and the permanent magnet attraction storage degradation data, and when the absolute value of the linear correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8, determining that the selected output characteristic is the electromagnetic relay permanent magnet storage degradation characterization parameter.
And finishing the determination of the degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet storage of the electromagnetic relay.
The above steps are further described below with reference to fig. 1:
the design parameters of the electromagnetic relay in the step S1 include the dimensions, tolerances, and material properties of the relay itself and its components;
in step S2, when curve fitting is performed on d (t), an optimal fitting model may be determined based on the failure physical model or by comparing fitting effects of multiple mathematical models such as a straight line, an exponent, a logarithm, a power function, and the like; a typical curve fitting function is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In step S4, the modification of the properties of the permanent magnet material needs to be determined according to the permanent magnet attraction degradation state in step S3, so that the simulation data of the permanent magnet matches the actual measurement data;
in step S6, when constructing the storage degradation model of pull-in time, pull-out time, pull-in voltage, and pull-out voltage, the optimal fitting model is determined based on the failure physical model or by comparing the fitting effects of various mathematical models such as linear, exponential, logarithmic, and power functions.
In summary, the present invention provides a method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay; firstly, establishing a simulation model of the electromagnetic relay; then carrying out storage degradation modeling on the permanent magnet, and discretizing the storage degradation model; carrying out dynamic characteristic simulation on an electromagnetic relay model containing permanent magnets in different storage degradation states; fitting each group of simulation data by applying a maximum likelihood estimation method, and finding out the output characteristic with a determined degradation trend; and finally, determining the degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet storage of the electromagnetic relay by calculating the linear correlation coefficient of the simulation degradation data of the selected output characteristics and the degradation state data of the permanent magnet storage. The injection of permanent magnet storage degradation is realized by a simulation means, the output characteristic which can be directly measured and can represent the permanent magnet storage degradation in the electromagnetic relay is found out by analyzing the degradation trend of the output characteristic of the electromagnetic relay and calculating the degree of the degradation related to the permanent magnet storage degradation, and the problem that the permanent magnet degradation degree of the electromagnetic relay cannot be directly monitored in the storage process is solved.
The storage degradation characterization parameters of the electromagnetic relay are determined based on the simulation and degradation injection modes, the relay output characteristic change condition caused by permanent magnet storage degradation can be obtained without directly carrying out a storage degradation test on the electromagnetic relay, the test difficulty is reduced, and the test cost can be effectively saved. In the process of determining the storage degradation characterization parameters, the trend of the storage degradation of the output characteristics and the correlation with the storage degradation of the permanent magnet are considered at the same time, and the result credibility is high. The method lays a foundation for relevant researches such as storage reliability evaluation and residual storage life prediction of electromagnetic relay products.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining degradation characterization parameters of permanent magnet storage of an electromagnetic relay is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing an electromagnetic relay simulation model comprising an electromagnetic system and a contact spring system, and realizing the dynamic characteristic simulation of the electromagnetic relay;
carrying out a storage degradation test on the permanent magnet, and establishing a storage degradation model of the permanent magnet;
substituting the data acquisition time of the test into the permanent magnet storage degradation model to obtain the corresponding permanent magnet storage degradation state;
modifying corresponding parameters of the electromagnetic system simulation model according to the permanent magnet storage degradation state at each moment to realize the injection of permanent magnet storage degradation;
respectively carrying out dynamic characteristic simulation on the electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with permanent magnets with different storage degradation degrees to obtain corresponding external characteristic simulation degradation data;
fitting the external characteristic simulation degradation data by using a maximum likelihood estimation method, and respectively constructing a storage degradation model of each external characteristic;
performing trend analysis on the constructed external characteristic storage degradation model, and selecting external characteristics with determined degradation trend;
and judging the linear correlation between the simulation degradation data of the selected external characteristic and the permanent magnet storage degradation state data, and determining whether the selected output characteristic is a permanent magnet storage degradation characterization parameter of the electromagnetic relay.
2. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein in the step of establishing a simulation model of the electromagnetic relay including an electromagnetic system and a contact spring system and implementing the simulation of the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic relay, the design parameters of the electromagnetic relay include the dimensions, tolerances and material properties of the relay and its components.
3. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein in the steps of performing the storage degradation test on the permanent magnet and establishing the storage degradation model of the permanent magnet, the actual storage environment of the electromagnetic relay is simulated, the storage degradation test is performed on n permanent magnet samples, degradation data D (t) is collected at time t, and the storage degradation model of the permanent magnet attraction force is established by performing curve fitting on D (t).
4. The method for determining the degradation characterization parameter of the permanent magnet storage of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 2, wherein the curve fitting for d (t) is based on a failure physical model, or the best fitting model is determined by comparing the fitting effects of various mathematical models of straight line, exponential, logarithmic and power functions.
5. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein in the step of modifying the corresponding parameters of the simulation model of the electromagnetic system according to the storage degradation state of the permanent magnet at each moment to realize the injection of the storage degradation of the permanent magnet, the modification of the properties of the permanent magnet material needs to be determined according to the storage degradation state of the permanent magnet, so that the simulation data of the permanent magnet is matched with the measured data.
6. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein in the step of performing dynamic characteristic simulation on the electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with different storage degradation degrees of the permanent magnet to obtain the simulation degradation data corresponding to the external characteristics, the established electromagnetic relay dynamic characteristic simulation models are applied to perform dynamic characteristic simulation on k electromagnetic relay simulation models injected with different storage degradation degrees of the permanent magnet to obtain the simulation data of corresponding k pull-in time, release time, pull-in voltage and release voltage.
7. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 6, wherein in the step of fitting the simulated degradation data of the external characteristics and respectively constructing the storage degradation models of the external characteristics, a maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to respectively fit the simulated degradation data of the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage and respectively construct the storage degradation models of the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage.
8. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 7, wherein the optimal fitting model is determined based on a failure physical model or by comparing fitting effects of a plurality of mathematical models of linear, exponential, logarithmic and power functions when the storage degradation models of pull-in time, release time, pull-in voltage and release voltage are constructed.
9. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameters of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein in the step of performing trend analysis on the constructed external characteristic storage degradation model to select the external characteristic with the determined degradation trend, the constructed output characteristic storage degradation model of the pull-in time, the release time, the pull-in voltage and the release voltage is subjected to trend analysis on the principle that the degradation trend is obvious and the degradation is irreversible, so as to select the output characteristic which meets the principle.
10. The method for determining the storage degradation characterization parameter of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay according to claim 9, wherein in the step of determining the linear correlation between the simulated degradation data of the selected external characteristic and the degradation state data of the permanent magnet storage, and determining whether the selected output characteristic is the storage degradation characterization parameter of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay, a linear correlation coefficient between the simulated degradation data corresponding to the selected output characteristic and the storage degradation data of the permanent magnet attraction is calculated, and when an absolute value of the linear correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8, the selected output characteristic is determined to be the storage degradation characterization parameter of the permanent magnet of the electromagnetic relay.
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| CN110941912B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-degradation mechanism coupled electromagnetic relay life cycle reliability evaluation method |
| CN111695258B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2023-05-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electromagnetic relay dynamic characteristic simulation kinetic energy injection simulation method |
| CN112611963A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-04-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Relay accelerated storage degradation experiment parameter testing and analyzing system and testing method |
| CN113281580B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-09-20 | 中国电子产品可靠性与环境试验研究所（（工业和信息化部电子第五研究所）（中国赛宝实验室）） | Method for representing degradation characteristic of high-frequency substrate in thermal-oxidative aging process |
| CN115630519B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-05-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Polarized magnetic system type relay performance degradation modeling method based on permanent magnet consistency |
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