CN107765306A - A kind of VSP initial velocities modeling method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of VSP initial velocities modeling method and device.This method comprises the following steps：The pickup of seismic first breaks time is carried out to VSP data；Based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value；Migrated seismic section is obtained based on surface-seismic data；And row interpolation is entered to establish rate pattern to the discrete velocity value by the use of the migrated seismic section as guiding.According to the VSP initial velocities modeling method of the present invention and device by use in conjunction VSP, surface seismic data, realize and VSP initial velocities are relatively accurately modeled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic prospecting data processing method field, more particularly, to a kind of VSP initial velocities modeling side
Method and a kind of VSP initial velocities model building device.
Background technology
VSP is Vertical Seismic Profile abbreviation, i.e. vertical seismic profiling (VSP), its level with ground observation
Seismic profile is corresponding.The difference very big compared with surface seismic technology of VSP technologies is, surface seismic technology be by focus and
Wave detector is all placed in ground, so in addition to receiving the direct wave and face ripple propagated along earth's surface, can only receive and come from underground
The upgoing wave at interface；And VSP technologies can receive upgoing wave because wave detector is placed in inside stratum, and can receives
Down going wave.Compared with surface seismic technology, VSP technologies have many good qualities, and these advantages mostly come from its wave detector and are placed in well
In observed pattern.This mode causes VSP wave detectors to receive the earthquake letter relevant with interface near bed boundary
Breath, and avoid strong absorption of top layer low velocity layer and come from the strong interference of adjacent ground surface, can be with
Receive upgoing wave and down going wave.Either in Exploration Domain, or in development field, the effect of VSP technologies is all very heavy
Want.
Handling VSP data mainly includes the technical steps such as pretreatment, wave field separation, velocity modeling, superposition and migration imaging.
Wherein, velocity modeling is the difficult point and key for handling VSP data, and modeling accuracy is directly connected to the quality of migration imaging.
Inventor has found that there is observation system degree of covering is uneven, aperture is small asks for imaging for current VSP technologies
Topic, so the method for many VSP velocity modelings and impracticable.In actual production, the first arrival of zero-offset VSP data is generally utilized
Time calculates formation velocity, but when subsurface structure is more complicated, obtained stratiform rate pattern is simultaneously unsatisfactory for imaging method
To the demand of modeling accuracy.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of high VSP initial velocities modeling method of modeling accuracy and device.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason of the general background technology to the present invention
Solution, and be not construed as recognizing or imply known to those skilled in the art existing of the information structure in any form
Technology.
The content of the invention
In the complicated exploratory area of geological structure, only rely on surface-seismic data and be difficult to obtain accurate velocity information.VSP skills
Art can avoid complicated terrain area, information when obtaining accurate depth information and the travelling compared with high s/n ratio, the speed letter of inverting
Breath is very accurate.But there is the problem of observation system degree of covering is uneven, imaging aperture is small for VSP technologies.Therefore, only
There are use in conjunction VSP, surface seismic data, the mutual supplement with each other's advantages with ground in well could be realized.Based on object above, the present invention carries
A kind of VSP initial velocities modeling method and device are gone out.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of VSP initial velocities modeling method.This method can include following step
Suddenly：The pickup of seismic first breaks time is carried out to VSP data；Based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value；It is based on
Surface-seismic data obtains migrated seismic section；And by the use of the migrated seismic section as guiding to the discrete velocity value
Enter row interpolation to establish rate pattern.
Being preferably based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value includes：Using the inverting of Layer by layer recurrence method from
Dissipate velocity amplitude.
Preferably, speed interpolation is carried out to establish rate pattern including following as guiding using the migrated seismic section
Step：Tensor field D (x) based on migrated seismic section obtains the minimum time difference t (x) of interpolation point and nearest known point；It is based on
The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained with the velocity amplitude p (x) of the nearest known point of interpolation point, wherein, x is the sampling on seismic profile
Point.
Being preferably based on tensor field D (x) and obtaining the minimum time difference t (x) of interpolation point and nearest known point includes：It will open
Measure fieldSubstitute into equationIn, obtain minimum by solving equation
Time difference t (x), wherein, S (x) is structure tensor field, and c (x) represents the coherence of seismic profile, and s is scale factor, χ be speed
Know set a little.
Being preferably based on the velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained with the velocity amplitude p (x) of the nearest known point of interpolation point includes：
The minimum time difference t (x) is substituted into equationIn, obtained by solving equation
Velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation, wherein, e is constant coefficient, e >=2.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of VSP initial velocities model building device.The device can include：With
In the unit that VSP data are carried out with the pickup of seismic first breaks time；For based on the discrete speed of seismic first breaks time reversal
The unit of angle value；For obtaining the unit of migrated seismic section based on surface-seismic data；And for inclined using the earthquake
Move section and row interpolation is entered to the discrete velocity value to establish the unit of rate pattern as guiding.
Being preferably based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value includes：Using the inverting of Layer by layer recurrence method from
Dissipate velocity amplitude.
Preferably, speed interpolation is carried out to the discrete velocity value to establish as guiding using the migrated seismic section
Rate pattern comprises the following steps：Tensor field D (x) based on migrated seismic section obtains interpolation point and nearest known point most
Small time difference t (x)；The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained based on the velocity amplitude p (x) with the nearest known point of interpolation point, wherein, x is
Sampled point on seismic profile.
Being preferably based on tensor field D (x) and obtaining the minimum time difference t (x) of interpolation point and nearest known point includes：It will open
Measure fieldSubstitute into equationIn, obtain minimum by solving equation
Time difference t (x), wherein, S (x) is structure tensor field, and c (x) represents the coherence of seismic profile, and s is scale factor, χ be speed
Know set a little.
Being preferably based on the velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained with the velocity amplitude p (x) of the nearest known point of interpolation point includes：
The minimum time difference t (x) is substituted into equationIn, obtained by solving equation
Velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation, wherein, e is constant coefficient, e >=2.
The VSP initial velocities modeling method and device of the present invention make full use of around the well that VSP obtains precise speed and and
The migrated seismic section of surface seismic carries out velocity modeling, and its precision is higher than the VSP velocity analysis technologies that current industrial quarters is commonly used,
Accurate rate pattern is provided for VSP migration imagings, and initial velocity model is provided for follow-up fine velocity modeling.
This method and device can effectively improve velocity modeling ability of the VSP technologies in complex geological structure area, and its achievement in research is practical
Property is higher.
Methods and apparatus of the present invention has other characteristics and advantage, and these characteristics and advantage are attached from what is be incorporated herein
It will be apparent in figure and subsequent specific embodiment, or by the accompanying drawing and subsequent specific implementation being incorporated herein
Stated in detail in example, these the drawings and specific embodiments are provided commonly for explaining the certain principles of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Exemplary embodiment of the present is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of the invention is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical reference number is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of VSP initial velocities modeling method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows VSP direct wave straight propagation paths.
Fig. 3 shows VSP direct wave broken line propagation paths.
Fig. 4 shows the flow chart of ray tracing polygometry inversion speed.
Fig. 5 shows two-dimension speed model.
Fig. 6 shows the discrete velocity value obtained using VSP travel-times of seismic first breaks information invertings.
Fig. 7 shows surface seismic migrated section.
Fig. 8 shows the model obtained based on image guided progress speed interpolation.
Embodiment
The present invention is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the preferred embodiments of the present invention in accompanying drawing,
However, it is to be appreciated that the present invention is may be realized in various forms without should be limited by embodiments set forth here.Conversely, there is provided
These embodiments are in order that the present invention is more thorough and complete, and can will fully convey the scope of the invention to ability
The technical staff in domain.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows a kind of flow chart of VSP initial velocities modeling method according to an embodiment of the invention.The party
Method can specifically include：
Step 101：The pickup of seismic first breaks time is carried out to VSP data.
In VSP technologies, the seismic first breaks time is the key for calculating average speed and interval velocity, therefore shot point is to detection
The seismic first breaks time pickup of point is very important.Existing first break pickup method main window seismic signature method, phase sometimes
Guan Fa, data and image processing method, ejaculation network algorithm etc..It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that can be using any appropriate
Method carries out the pickup of seismic first breaks time to VSP data.
Step 102：Based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value.
In one example, Layer by layer recurrence method inverting discrete velocity value can be utilized.
Layer by layer recurrence velocity inversion is based primarily upon ray tracing theory：Under unlimited high frequency approximate condition, seismic wave field
Main energy is propagated along ray tracing, and this patent uses shooting method ray-tracing procedure.
Ray tracing can be divided into straight-line method and polygometry according to well constraint inversion.Zero well constraint inversion (small well constraint inversion) VSP rays are vertical
Propagate, stratum average speed is equal to geophone station depth divided by corresponding direct wave time, and interlayer speed is equal to two neighboring geophone station
Distance divided by the corresponding time difference, successively obtain speed parameter from top to bottom.Can for the VSP data of zero well constraint inversion or small well constraint inversion
Velocity inversion is carried out using ray tracing straight-line method.And when well constraint inversion increases, ray is no longer vertical propagation, it is assumed that path
Shorter than Actual path, the interval velocity of calculating can produce larger error, and ray tracing polygometry considers the deviation effect of ray
Answer and amount of calculation is little, suitable for the VSP data of big or middle offset distance.
Straight-line method and polygometry are illustrated respectively below.
1) straight-line method
As illustrated in fig. 2, it is assumed that the propagation path of preliminary wave is straight line, then VSP interval velocities calculation formula is:
Wherein, viFor the interval velocity of i-th layer of medium；Δ z=zi-zi-1For the distance between two geophone stations, ziFor i-th of inspection
Depth corresponding to wave point；tiFor the first arrival time of i-th of geophone station；θiFor geophone station to well head line and geophone station to focus
The angle of line,X is well constraint inversion.
2) polygometry
With the gradual increase of well constraint inversion, VSP direct wave propagation rays will deviate from rectilinear configuration.Assuming that underground medium is water
Snell's law, and the homogeneous media between any two geophone station are observed in flat layered medium, the propagation of VSP direct waves, each
The corresponding imaginary horizontal interface of geophone station.If know the speed and incidence angle of top dielectric, so that it may pass through Snell's law
The speed of layer dielectric is asked for, the interval velocity on all stratum can be obtained by that analogy.In concrete operation, carried out using Shooting method
Ray tracing, i.e., the direction being initially emitted by progressively correcting are allowed to Approach by inchmeal receiving point, so as to ask for incidence angle, transmission
Angle, and then calculate interval velocity.
As shown in figure 3, VSP interval velocity calculation formula are：
Wherein, viFor the interval velocity of i-th layer of medium；xiFor distance of the ray between the incidence point and well at i-th of interface；
Δ z=zi-zi-1For the distance between two geophone stations, ziFor the depth corresponding to i-th of geophone station；T is ray from the i-th -1 boundary
Face is to the propagation time of i-th of geophone station, θiFor angle of transmission of the ray in the i-th -1 interface.
The flow chart of Layer by layer recurrence velocity inversion is as shown in Figure 4.Specifically, it is first determined ray emergence angle degree, sentence afterwards
Whether disconnected ray is totally reflected.When not being totally reflected, the propagation time is calculated according to Snell's law.The propagation will be based on
The ray that time calculates incides depth in well compared with the depth of geophone station, if both differences be unsatisfactory for precision will
Ask, be further continued for following the trail of after correcting shooting angle, interval velocity is calculated according to formula (2) if meeting.Well has been obtained in this approach
The accurate discrete velocity value of surrounding.
Step 103：Migrated seismic section is obtained based on surface-seismic data.
The step obtains the larger migrated section of areas imaging using surface-seismic data.Those skilled in the art should manage
Solution, any appropriate method can be used to carry out migration imaging.
Step 104：Row interpolation is entered to establish speed to the discrete velocity value by the use of the migrated seismic section as guiding
Spend model.
In one example, interpolation point and nearest known point can be obtained based on the tensor field D (x) of seismic profile most
Small time difference t (x)；The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained based on the velocity amplitude p (x) with the nearest known point of interpolation point, wherein, x is
Sampled point on seismic profile.
Specifically, utilization measure tensor field D (x) portrays coherence, orientation and the morphological feature of seismic profile.Tensor field D
(x) calculation formula is：
Wherein, S (x) is structure tensor field, and c (x) represents the coherence of seismic profile, and s is scale factor.
Formula (3) is updated in equation (4), the minimum of interpolation point and nearest known point is obtained by solving equation (4)
Time difference t (x)：
Wherein, χ is the set of speed known point.
Equation (4) obtained t (x) will be solved to be updated in equation (5), the speed after obtaining interpolation by solving equation (5)
Angle value q (x)：
Wherein, p (x) is velocity amplitude with the nearest known point of interpolation point, and e is constant coefficient, e >=2.
Embodiment 2
According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a kind of VSP initial velocities model building device.The device can wrap
Include：For VSP data to be carried out with the unit of seismic first breaks time pickup；For based on the seismic first breaks time reversal from
Dissipate the unit of velocity amplitude；For obtaining the unit of migrated seismic section based on surface-seismic data；And for using described
Shake migrated section enters row interpolation to establish the unit of rate pattern as guiding to the discrete velocity value.
In one example, can be included based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value：Using successively passing
Pushing manipulation inverting discrete velocity value.
In one example, carrying out speed interpolation as guiding using the migrated seismic section can to establish rate pattern
To comprise the following steps：Tensor field D (x) based on migrated seismic section obtains the minimum time difference of interpolation point and nearest known point
t(x)；The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained based on the velocity amplitude p (x) with the nearest known point of interpolation point.Wherein, x cuts open for earthquake
Sampled point on face.
In one example, the minimum time difference t (x) for interpolation point and nearest known point being obtained based on tensor field D (x) can be with
Including：By tensor fieldSubstitute into equationIn, by solving equation
And obtain minimum time difference t (x), wherein, S (x) is structure tensor field, and c (x) represents the coherence of seismic profile, s be ratio because
Son, χ are the set of speed known point.
In one example, the velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is worth to based on the speed with the nearest known point of interpolation point can be with
Including：The minimum time difference t (x) is substituted into equationIn, by solving equation
And the velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained, wherein, e is constant coefficient, e >=2.
Using example
The VSP initial velocities modeling method by taking the processing to example VSP data as an example to the present invention and device are carried out below
Explanation.
Fig. 5 is the velocity field of two dimensional model, and altogether containing three interfaces, wherein intermediate interface is dipping bed, and Fig. 6 is to utilize VSP
First break information carries out the discrete velocity value obtained by inverting, and Fig. 7 is the migrated seismic section obtained using surface seismic, and Fig. 8 is
The model obtained based on image guided progress speed interpolation.It can be seen that the velocity field obtained into row interpolation is guided using seismic profile,
Although in speed boundary and true velocity model difference, overall distribution and true model are identical, meet underground
The geologic rule that medium velocity typically changes along geological structure interface, the accuracy of modeling are higher than the speed commonly used in industrial production
Horizontal continuation method.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the purpose of the description to embodiments of the invention is only for exemplarily saying above
The beneficial effect of bright embodiments of the invention, it is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
It is described above various embodiments of the present invention, described above is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.In the case of without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes will be apparent from for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
The principle of each embodiment, practical application or improvement to the technology in market are best being explained, or is making the art
Other those of ordinary skill are understood that each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of VSP initial velocities modeling method, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：
The pickup of seismic first breaks time is carried out to VSP data；
Based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value；
Migrated seismic section is obtained based on surface-seismic data；And
Row interpolation is entered to establish rate pattern to the discrete velocity value by the use of the migrated seismic section as guiding.
2. VSP initial velocities modeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during based on the seismic first breaks
Between inverting discrete velocity value include：
Utilize Layer by layer recurrence method inverting discrete velocity value.
3. VSP initial velocities modeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that utilize the migrated seismic section
Enter row interpolation to the discrete velocity value as guiding to establish rate pattern to comprise the following steps：
Tensor field D (x) based on migrated seismic section obtains the minimum time difference t (x) of interpolation point and nearest known point；
The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained based on the velocity amplitude p (x) with the nearest known point of interpolation point,
Wherein, x is the sampled point on seismic profile.
4. VSP initial velocities modeling method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that inserted based on tensor field D (x)
The minimum time difference t (x) of value point and nearest known point includes：
By the tensor fieldSubstitute into equationIn, by solution side
Journey and obtain minimum time difference t (x), wherein, S (x) is structure tensor field, and c (x) represents the coherence of seismic profile, s be ratio because
Son, χ are the set of speed known point.
5. VSP initial velocities modeling method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that based on known recently with interpolation point
The velocity amplitude p (x) of point, which obtains the velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation, to be included：
The minimum time difference t (x) is substituted into equationIn, by solve equation and
The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained, wherein, e is constant coefficient, e >=2.
6. a kind of VSP initial velocities model building device, it is characterised in that described device includes：
For VSP data to be carried out with the unit of seismic first breaks time pickup；
For the unit based on the seismic first breaks time reversal discrete velocity value；
For obtaining the unit of migrated seismic section based on surface-seismic data；And
For entering row interpolation to the discrete velocity value to establish rate pattern by the use of the migrated seismic section as guiding
Unit.
7. VSP initial velocities model building device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that during based on the seismic first breaks
Between inverting discrete velocity value include：
Utilize Layer by layer recurrence method inverting discrete velocity value.
8. VSP initial velocities model building device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that utilize the migrated seismic section
Enter row interpolation to the discrete velocity value as guiding to establish rate pattern to comprise the following steps：
Tensor field D (x) based on migrated seismic section obtains the minimum time difference t (x) of interpolation point and nearest known point；
The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained based on the velocity amplitude p (x) with the nearest known point of interpolation point,
Wherein, x is the sampled point on seismic profile.
9. VSP initial velocities model building device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that inserted based on tensor field D (x)
The minimum time difference t (x) of value point and nearest known point includes：
By the tensor fieldSubstitute into equationIn, by solution side
Journey and obtain minimum time difference t (x), wherein, S (x) is structure tensor field, and c (x) represents the coherence of seismic profile, s be ratio because
Son, χ are the set of speed known point.
10. VSP initial velocities model building device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that based on known recently with interpolation point
The velocity amplitude p (x) of point, which obtains the velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation, to be included：
The minimum time difference t (x) is substituted into equationIn, by solve equation and
The velocity amplitude q (x) after interpolation is obtained, wherein, e is constant coefficient, e >=2.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111077577A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well-ground combined reservoir description method and device |
| CN111596355A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Zero offset VSP time frequency analysis stratum division and layer velocity determination method |
| CN113109870A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-13 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | High-precision shallow stratum speed acquisition method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111077577A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well-ground combined reservoir description method and device |
| CN111596355A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Zero offset VSP time frequency analysis stratum division and layer velocity determination method |
| CN111596355B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-04-01 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Zero offset VSP time frequency analysis stratum division and layer velocity determination method |
| CN113109870A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-13 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | High-precision shallow stratum speed acquisition method |
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