CN107759146A - It is a kind of to utilize concrete brick of waste rubber powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
It is a kind of to utilize concrete brick of waste rubber powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107759146A CN107759146A CN201610670005.4A CN201610670005A CN107759146A CN 107759146 A CN107759146 A CN 107759146A CN 201610670005 A CN201610670005 A CN 201610670005A CN 107759146 A CN107759146 A CN 107759146A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- waste rubber
- rubber powder
- powder
- concrete brick
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/20—Waste materials; Refuse organic from macromolecular compounds
- C04B18/22—Rubber, e.g. ground waste tires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
It is specifically a kind of to utilize concrete brick of waste rubber powder and preparation method thereof the present invention relates to concrete material field.The each component of waste rubber concrete brick forms and mass fraction is：15~50 parts of cement；3~30 parts of waste rubber powder；0~70 part of sand；0.5~3 part of waste rubber powder modifying agent；1~10 part of redispersable latex powder；0.5~5 part of auxiliary element；0.1~2 part of water reducer；12~20 parts of water.Waste rubber powder modifying agent is sufficiently mixed with cement first；Then will be sufficiently mixed with the well-mixed cement of waste rubber powder modifying agent with redispersable latex powder, auxiliary element, water reducer；Sand and the mixing of waste rubber powder are added, until color and intermixing are uniform, is weighed, is packed.Waste rubber brick of the present invention shows obvious advantage in power performance, endurance quality, heat-insulated, sound insulation property etc., is suitable for the needs in architectural engineering market, it can also be used to the engineering such as road, civil buildings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to concrete material field, specifically a kind of concrete brick and its system using waste rubber powder
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Waste rubber has become one of key industry discarded object.Substantial amounts of waste rubber product is idle, and is not only taken
A large amount of soils, environment is caused to seriously endanger, and the idle waste that also result in resource of waste rubber.Handled in the past waste and old
The method of rubber mainly bury and burn, bury junked tire decomposed in soil caused by microbial destruction soil, burn
Substantial amounts of toxic and harmful gas is produced after burning, therefore at present in terms of waste old is handled, the method for countries in the world is different, but main
In terms of concentrating on recycling.Rubber powder has the title of " black gold ", is by junked tire by Physical or chemical method
Crush or be ground into the particle of different-grain diameter.At present, rubber powder is applied in highway work mainly as one of raw material of modified pitch
In terms of journey and public work.The recovery utilization rate of China's junked tire is improved, need to further improve rubber powder in architectural engineering
On application potential.
Rubber powder is spiked into concrete, can not only improve the property of concrete, a kind of new rubber is made
Glue --- concrete brick, it shows obvious advantage in power performance, endurance quality, heat-insulated, sound insulation property etc., also
The needs in architectural engineering market are suitable for, while can also largely consume waste rubber goodses.In recent years, rubber concrete by
Gradually innovative progress is obtained in the application such as road, civil buildings.As novel green materials for wall, it is not only advantageous to become discarded
Rubber is treasured, makes full use of its superior performance, also advances the reform of materials for wall, fills up because preventing to use sintered clay brick
And caused materials for wall vacancy.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of using concrete brick of waste rubber powder and preparation method thereof, can largely make
With waste rubber, the utilization rate of scrap rubber is improved, and can draws the premium properties of rubber concrete brick, meets people to building
The higher purpose that realize that profit is useless, environmentally friendly.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of concrete brick using waste rubber powder, each component composition and mass fraction are：
The described concrete brick using waste rubber powder, waste rubber are discarded vehicle tyre, Rubber Conveyor Belt Scrap, rubber
It is more than one or both of rubber roll.
The described concrete brick using waste rubber powder, the particle diameter of waste rubber powder is 0.001~2.0mm.
The described concrete brick using waste rubber powder, it is preferred that the particle diameter of waste rubber powder is 0.01~1.0mm,
And wherein 0.06~0.5mm of particle diameter particle is no less than 70wt%.
The described concrete brick using waste rubber powder, waste rubber powder modifying agent are organic silicon emulsion, silane coupled
It is more than one or both of agent, titanate coupling agent.
The described concrete brick using waste rubber powder, auxiliary element be volcano grey matter active material, fine-ground fly-ash,
More than one or both of silicon ash, ground slag powder, levigate metakaolin, and the specific surface area of auxiliary element is more than 600m3/
kg。
The preparation method of the described concrete brick using waste rubber powder, first by waste rubber powder modifying agent and cement
It is sufficiently mixed；Then will be with the well-mixed cement of waste rubber powder modifying agent and redispersable latex powder, auxiliary element, diminishing
Agent, water are sufficiently mixed；Sand and the mixing of waste rubber powder are added, until color and intermixing are uniform, is weighed, is packed.
Advantages of the present invention and beneficial effect are：
The present invention is using the compression strength of the concrete brick of waste rubber powder in 6~15MPa, 0.2~0.5W/ of thermal conductivity factor
M.K, 1.0~1.8kg/m of bulk density3, water absorption rate is less than 5%, the mass loss rate 0.5~3.0% after 50 Frozen-thawed cycleds,
Compression strength loss rate is less than 6%, and anti-permeability performance significantly improves.Therefore, waste rubber powder concrete brick of the present invention have every
Heat, the features such as sound insulation property is excellent, anti-freezing property and anti-permeability performance are significantly good, it is suitable for road and civil buildings etc..
Embodiment
In a specific embodiment, the present invention utilizes waste rubber powder concrete brick, and its composition includes cement, waste rubber
Powder, sand, redispersable latex powder, auxiliary element, water reducer etc., each component composition and mass percent are：
Wherein, fine aggregate and the partial gelation materials such as the sand in concrete are replaced using waste rubber powder, it is selected useless
More than one or both of vehicle tyre, conveyer belt, rubber rollers for abandoning rubber to discard, the particle diameter of waste rubber powder is
0.001~2.0mm (preferably 0.01~1.0mm, and wherein particle diameter is no less than 70wt% in 0.06~0.5mm particle).It is discarded
Glass modifier is more than one or both of organic silicon emulsion, silane coupler, titanate coupling agent.Middle sand is that particle diameter is big
Exceed the sand of gross mass 50% in 0.25mm granular mass, average grain diameter is 0.5~0.25mm, and modulus of fineness is 3.0~2.3
Fine aggregate.
The technical indicator scope of waste rubber powder concrete brick is as follows：28 days 6~15MPa of compression strength, anti-folding is strong within 28 days
Spend 3~5MPa, 0.2~0.5W/m.K of thermal conductivity factor, 1.0~1.8kg/m of bulk density3, water absorption rate is less than 5%, through 50 jellies
Melt mass loss rate 0.5~3.0% after circulating, compression strength loss rate is less than 6%, and anti-permeability performance significantly improves.
In the present invention, the effect of each part and synergy are as follows：
(1) cement：As the basic material of waste rubber concrete, main gelling property is played, and ground plane materiel is provided
The physical and mechanical properties such as the fundamental strength of material.
(2) waste rubber powder：Substitute partial gelation material and part or all of fine aggregate, improve hardened mortar structure,
Being incubated, be heat-insulated of concrete brick, sound insulation property are improved, improves the endurance quality of concrete brick.
(3) sand：Aggregate as waste rubber powder concrete.
(4) waste rubber powder modifying agent：Be dispersed in cement and contacted with waste rubber powder, improve waste rubber powder with it is inorganic
The binding ability of binder materials, improve transition plot structure.
(5) redispersable latex powder：Improve the service behaviour of fresh mortar, improve the rupture strength of hardened mortar, adjustment
The structure of waste rubber powder concrete, while the cracking of waste rubber powder concrete is prevented, the especially generation of face crack.Can
Redisperse latex powder is material commonly used in the art, including：Copolymer, the vinyl acetate/versatic acid ethene of ethylene/vinyl acetate
Copolymer, acrylic copolymer etc., this powder after contact with water can redisperse is into emulsion quickly, due to redispersible breast
Rubber powder has high cementitiousness and unique performance (water-resistance, application property and thermal insulation etc.).Such as：From German Wa Ke companies
The rubber powder trade mark of (WACKER VINNAPAS)：LL5055, RE5044N, R1551Z, R1554Z etc..
(6) auxiliary element：Improve the hydrating capacity and hardened cement stone structure of cement, improve waste rubber concrete brick
Resistance to compression and rupture strength, reduce water absorption rate and improve endurance quality.
(7) water reducer：Water reducer is subtracted using polycarboxylate water-reducer, naphthalene water reducer, Lignins water reducer or resinae
Aqua, for reducing water consumption, improve the intensity and durability performance of waste rubber concrete.
The above-mentioned preparation method using waste rubber powder concrete brick, waste rubber is cleaned up, be processed into discarded rubber
Rubber powder, it is standby；Waste rubber powder modifying agent is sufficiently mixed with cement first；Then will be fully mixed with waste rubber powder modifying agent
The cement of conjunction is sufficiently mixed with redispersable latex powder, auxiliary element, water reducer, water；Sand and the mixing of waste rubber powder are added,
Until color and intermixing are uniform, weigh, pack.
In order to be best understood from the present invention, the present invention is expanded on further with reference to embodiment, but present invention protection content
It is not limited solely to the embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
Waste tire is cleaned up, is processed into waste rubber powder, take 20 parts it is standby.Count, will have first in parts by weight
1 part of machine silicon emulsion is sufficiently mixed with 45 parts of cement, then with 6 parts of acrylic copolymer, silicon ash 3 parts, 1 part polycarboxylate water-reducer, 14
Part water is sufficiently mixed；The 20 parts of mixing of 65 parts of sand and waste rubber powder are added, until it is well mixed, weigh, pack.
After tested, the present embodiment utilizes the concrete brick compression strength of waste rubber powder in 12MPa, thermal conductivity factor 0.28W/
M.K, bulk density 1.25kg/m3, water absorption rate 3%, mass loss rate 2.0%, compression strength loss after 50 Frozen-thawed cycleds
Rate 3%.
Embodiment 2：
Waste tire is cleaned up, is processed into waste rubber powder, take 15 parts it is standby.Count in parts by weight, first by silicon
1 part of alkane coupling agent is sufficiently mixed with 50 parts of cement, then (compares table with vinyl acetate/4 parts of versatic acid ethylene copolymer, super finely ground slag
Area 680m3/ kg) 5 parts, 0.5 part of polycarboxylate water-reducer, 18 parts of water are sufficiently mixed；Add 65 parts of sand and waste rubber powder 15
Part mixing, until it is well mixed, weigh, pack.
After tested, the present embodiment utilizes the concrete brick compression strength of waste rubber powder in 15MPa, thermal conductivity factor 0.42W/
M.K, bulk density 1.65kg/m3, water absorption rate 4%, mass loss rate 2.5%, compression strength loss after 50 Frozen-thawed cycleds
Rate 6%.
Embodiment 3：
Discarded conveyer belt is cleaned up, is processed into waste rubber powder, take 10 parts it is standby.Count, first will in parts by weight
40 parts with cement of 1 part of titanate coupling agent is sufficiently mixed, then with vinyl acetate/4 parts of versatic acid ethylene copolymer, 2 parts of silicon ash, super
Mineral fine (specific surface area 680m3/ kg) 2 parts, 1 part of naphthalene water reducer, 16 parts of water are sufficiently mixed；Add 50 parts of sand and discarded rubber
10 parts of mixing of rubber powder, until it is well mixed, weigh, pack.
After tested, the present embodiment utilizes the concrete brick compression strength of waste rubber powder in 13MPa, thermal conductivity factor 0.5W/
M.K, bulk density 1.7kg/m3, water absorption rate 4%, the mass loss rate 1.5% after 50 Frozen-thawed cycleds, compression strength loss rate
5.5%.
Embodiment 4：
Waste rubber roller is cleaned up, is processed into waste rubber powder, take 10 parts it is standby.Count, first will in parts by weight
40 parts with cement of 1 part of titanate coupling agent is sufficiently mixed, then with 3 parts of acrylic copolymer, metakaolin (specific surface area 650m3/
Kg) 4 parts, 1.5 parts of polycarboxylate water-reducers, 12 parts of water are sufficiently mixed；The 10 parts of mixing of 20 parts of sand and waste rubber powder are added, until
It is well mixed, weigh, pack.
After tested, the present embodiment utilizes the concrete brick compression strength of waste rubber powder in 15MPa, thermal conductivity factor 0.44W/
M.K, bulk density 1.75kg/m3, water absorption rate 1.5%, the mass loss rate 0.8% after 50 Frozen-thawed cycleds, compression strength damage
Mistake rate 3.5%.
Embodiment 5：
Waste tire is cleaned up, is processed into waste rubber powder, take 30 parts it is standby.Count, will have first in parts by weight
1 part of machine silicon emulsion, 1 part of silane coupler are sufficiently mixed with 30 parts of cement, then with vinyl acetate/3 parts of versatic acid ethylene copolymer,
Fine-ground fly-ash (specific surface area 650m3/ kg) 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part sulfamate water reducer of silicon ash, 12 parts of water are sufficiently mixed；Again
The 30 parts of mixing of 50 parts of sand and waste rubber powder are added, until it is well mixed, weigh, pack.
After tested, the present embodiment utilizes the concrete brick compression strength of waste rubber powder in 6.5MPa, thermal conductivity factor
0.25W/m.K, bulk density 1.050kg/m3, water absorption rate 1.0%, mass loss rate 1.0%, resistance to compression after 50 Frozen-thawed cycleds
Loss of strength rate 3.0%.
Embodiment 6：
Waste tire and discarded conveyer belt are cleaned up, according to mass ratio 1:1 is processed into waste rubber powder, take 20 parts it is standby
With.Count, be first sufficiently mixed 1 part of titanate coupling agent, 1 part of silane coupler with 45 parts of cement in parts by weight, then with third
Olefin(e) acid copolymer 1 part, vinyl acetate/2 parts of versatic acid ethylene copolymer, levigate metakaolin (specific surface area 650m3/ kg) 3 parts,
Slag part (700m3/ kg) 2 parts, 1 part of naphthalene water reducer, 15 parts of water are sufficiently mixed；Add 20 parts of 30 parts of sand and waste rubber powder
Mixing, until it is well mixed, weigh, pack.
After tested, the present embodiment utilizes the concrete brick compression strength of waste rubber powder in 10MPa, thermal conductivity factor 0.35W/
M.K, bulk density 1.450kg/m3, water absorption rate 1.5%, the mass loss rate 1.5% after 50 Frozen-thawed cycleds, compression strength damage
Mistake rate 3.0%.
Embodiment result shows that waste rubber powder concrete brick of the present invention not only has low thermal conductivity factor, less suction
Water rate, higher intensity and excellent endurance quality, and cost is low, can be achieved that profit is useless, environmental protection, suitable for highway, civilian build
Build.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of concrete brick using waste rubber powder, it is characterised in that each component forms and mass fraction is：
2. the concrete brick according to claim 1 using waste rubber powder, it is characterised in that waste rubber is discarded
It is more than one or both of vehicle tyre, Rubber Conveyor Belt Scrap, rubber rollers.
3. the concrete brick according to claim 1 using waste rubber powder, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of waste rubber powder
For 0.001~2.0mm.
4. the concrete brick according to claim 3 using waste rubber powder, it is characterised in that preferable, waste rubber
The particle diameter of powder is 0.01~1.0mm, and wherein 0.06~0.5mm of particle diameter particle is no less than 70wt%.
5. the concrete brick according to claim 1 using waste rubber powder, it is characterised in that waste rubber powder modifying agent
More than one or both of organic silicon emulsion, silane coupler, titanate coupling agent.
6. the concrete brick according to claim 1 using waste rubber powder, it is characterised in that auxiliary element is volcanic ash
It is more than one or both of matter active material, fine-ground fly-ash, silicon ash, ground slag powder, levigate metakaolin, and aid in into
The specific surface area divided is more than 600m3/kg。
7. the preparation method of the concrete brick using waste rubber powder described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that first will
Waste rubber powder modifying agent is sufficiently mixed with cement；Then will be with the well-mixed cement of waste rubber powder modifying agent with that can divide again
Latex powder, auxiliary element, water reducer, water is dissipated to be sufficiently mixed；Sand and the mixing of waste rubber powder are added, until color and interface are mixed
Close uniformly, weigh, pack.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610670005.4A CN107759146B (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2016-08-16 | Concrete brick utilizing waste rubber powder and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610670005.4A CN107759146B (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2016-08-16 | Concrete brick utilizing waste rubber powder and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107759146A true CN107759146A (en) | 2018-03-06 |
| CN107759146B CN107759146B (en) | 2020-10-30 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108675720A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-19 | 张芸 | A kind of preparation method of reducing noise rubber pavior brick |
| CN111732385A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 中交上海三航科学研究院有限公司 | Waste rubber concrete for suspension tunnel pipe section and preparation method thereof |
| CN112341104A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-02-09 | 北京市政路桥股份有限公司 | High-performance road rubber concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN112624693A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 北京联绿技术集团有限公司 | Method for preparing concrete by using waste bricks and tiles |
| CN115784684A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-14 | 新乡学院 | Silanized rubber/nano SiO 2 Composite antifreezing concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103265245A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江方远建材科技有限公司 | Rubber noise-reduction wear-resistant road brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN103601390A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-02-26 | 长安大学 | Modified rubber powder and electrostatic leakage prevention wall brick as well as preparation methods thereof |
| CN104557067A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-29 | 大连市沙河口区中小微企业服务中心 | Preparation method for ultra-low density fire-resistant hollow brick |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102976686A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-03-20 | 河南理工大学 | Baking-free brick with waste rubber and coal ash as major raw materials |
| CN103265245A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江方远建材科技有限公司 | Rubber noise-reduction wear-resistant road brick and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108675720A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-10-19 | 张芸 | A kind of preparation method of reducing noise rubber pavior brick |
| CN111732385A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 中交上海三航科学研究院有限公司 | Waste rubber concrete for suspension tunnel pipe section and preparation method thereof |
| CN112624693A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 北京联绿技术集团有限公司 | Method for preparing concrete by using waste bricks and tiles |
| CN112341104A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-02-09 | 北京市政路桥股份有限公司 | High-performance road rubber concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN112341104B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-03-26 | 北京市政路桥股份有限公司 | High-performance road rubber concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN115784684A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-14 | 新乡学院 | Silanized rubber/nano SiO 2 Composite antifreezing concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107759146B (en) | 2020-10-30 |
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