CN107755855B - Oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode and underwater steel cutting method - Google Patents
Oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode and underwater steel cutting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107755855B CN107755855B CN201711161914.6A CN201711161914A CN107755855B CN 107755855 B CN107755855 B CN 107755855B CN 201711161914 A CN201711161914 A CN 201711161914A CN 107755855 B CN107755855 B CN 107755855B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/013—Arc cutting, gouging, scarfing or desurfacing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0211—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in cutting
- B23K35/0216—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/228—Selection of materials for cutting
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode which comprises an external waterproof layer, a coating and a metal core, wherein the metal core is made of aluminum materials, the waterproof layer is coated outside the coating by a water-blocking material, and the coating comprises the following components: the aluminum thermite, the gas-forming agent, the oxygen-making agent, the arc stabilizer and the iron powder comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20-50% of thermite, 35-50% of gas-generating agent, 10-15% of oxygen-making agent, 2-4% of cerium oxide and 3-11% of iron powder, the cutting electrode is used for cutting anaerobic underwater steel, oxygen is not required to be provided in the cutting process, a constant-current welding power supply is positioned above the water surface in the construction process, the cutting electrode is manually operated by a diver, an operator only needs to carry an underwater welding handle and the cutting electrode to work underwater, the cutting electrode can be carried by a single person, the diving operation is carried without carrying high-quality equipment such as a wire feeding device and the like, and the safety is high and the universality is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material welding and cutting, and particularly relates to a cutting electrode for underwater wet-process electric arc cutting, in particular to an oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode and an underwater steel cutting method, which can smoothly implement an underwater cutting process by means of underwater shielded metal arc welding equipment without additional oxygen supply.
Background
Underwater cutting technology was first used in salvage of sunken ships and developed gradually. Especially, in recent years, with the development of marine development, new underwater cutting methods and equipment are developed successively from the viewpoint of adapting to the development of underwater engineering construction and dismantling industry, improving underwater cutting capability, speed and quality and adapting to the requirements of special structures and special environments. The most widely applied method is underwater electro-oxygen cutting technology and underwater self-protection wet method flux-cored cutting wire cutting technology.
CN 102699556 a introduces a cutting strip for underwater cutting, which can cut off an arc striking power supply by only igniting a cutting material underwater, and utilizes the heat released by the combustion of the cutting material to support the further continuous combustion of the underwater cutting material to cut a workpiece by means of oxygen combustion supporting. However, the cutting strips mostly adopt special cutting torches, and oxygen for auxiliary cutting cannot be got rid of, so that the cutting strips are limited in practical engineering application.
The underwater wet self-protection flux-cored cutting wire cutting technology does not need an external oxygen supply source and a high-pressure water pump device required by a molten electrode water jet arc cutting method, only utilizes the chemical reaction of flux-cored components to provide oxygen combustion supporting and gas protection, and can realize automatic continuous cutting. Patent CN 102554520B discloses a self-protected underwater wet consumable electrode arc cutting method, respectively, developing an underwater dedicated flux-cored cutting wire using a low-carbon steel strip as a metal sheath, and cutting carbon steel and low-alloy steel. Patent CN 102554520B adds more peroxide releasing oxygen in the self-protecting case in order to oxidize the metal to be cut and blow away the molten metal. The flux-cored cutting wire designed in the invention CN 104858565A can cut underwater metal structures under the action of arc heat without additional oxygen supply and gas protection by virtue of the heat production function of exothermic components added in the flux core. The underwater self-protection flux-cored cutting wire technology has the advantages of small cutting opening, no need of providing gas from the outside, high cutting efficiency and the like, but is more suitable for automatic cutting in deep water in large water due to the fact that an auxiliary wire feeding mechanism is needed and equipment is complex.
On the basis of the existing underwater wet method shielded metal arc welding, an oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode and an underwater steel cutting method are designed with the purposes of no need of oxygen supply and reduction of the complexity of required equipment in the underwater welding and cutting process. The cutting method adopts the aluminum cutting electrode core to cut carbon steel widely applied in engineering, and the aluminum cutting electrode core is not connected with a parent metal and can participate in thermit reaction to accelerate the cutting process. The invention has not been reported so far.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode and the underwater steel cutting method, auxiliary oxygen supply is not needed, the complexity of equipment required in the underwater welding and cutting process is reduced, and the oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode is good in portability, strong in universality, safe and reliable.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides an anaerobic underwater cutting electrode, includes outside waterproof layer, coating and metal core, and the metal core is aluminium system material, and the waterproof layer coats outside the coating by the material that blocks water, the coating includes following component: the aluminum thermite, the gas-forming agent, the oxygen-making agent, the arc stabilizer and the iron powder comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20-50% of thermite, 35-50% of gas-forming agent, 10-15% of oxygen-making agent, 2-4% of cerium oxide and 3-11% of iron powder.
Further, the thermite is a composition of aluminum powder and hematite powder, and the composition is prepared according to the mass percentage of 1: 3. In fact, the part participating in the thermite reaction also includes the aluminum metal core and the metal oxides produced during the cutting process. The thermite reacts under the action of arc heat and high temperature to release more heat to assist the electric arc to melt the metal to be cut.
Further, the gas former is a composition of marble and potassium carbonate, and the composition is prepared according to the mass percentage of 8: 1. The marble and the potassium carbonate are used as gas-forming agents and account for a large proportion in underwater cutting electrode coatings, the marble is used as a common gas-forming mineral substance, a large amount of carbon dioxide gas can be generated by heating, a water environment is isolated, and electric arcs are protected; the potassium carbonate can generate electric arc through heating, can also generate potassium ions, improves the arcing stability, and can isolate the water environment and protect the electric arc by carbon dioxide gas generated by decomposing the potassium carbonate. In consideration of the cost of raw materials, the marble and the potassium carbonate are mixed according to the mass percentage of 8: 1.
Further, the oxygen production agent is a mixture of potassium permanganate and calcium peroxide, and the mixture is prepared according to the mass percentage of 1: 2. The calcium peroxide is heated and decomposed to generate oxygen, and the hydrolysate of the calcium peroxide is also decomposed into water and oxygen, but the calcium peroxide is fast in heat dissipation in water, and the decomposition speed of the hydrogen peroxide cannot meet the requirement of oxygen for underwater cutting, so that the invention aims at the characteristics of the reaction, potassium permanganate is added in a specific proportion, manganese dioxide can be obtained while the potassium permanganate is heated to generate oxygen, the manganese dioxide is used as a catalyst, the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction is promoted to rapidly occur, the conversion rate is high, the oxygen supply during cutting is ensured, oxygen with certain pressure and flow is continuously provided to oxidize a part to be cut, and molten slag is effectively blown off, thereby forming a cut.
The addition of cerium oxide can improve the combustion efficiency of the cutting material, promote the cutting material to be fully combusted in oxygen and simultaneously increase the stability of arc combustion. When the weight percentage of the cerium oxide is less than 2%, the improvement effect on the arc stability is small, along with the increase of the weight percentage of the cerium oxide, the improvement effect on the combustion efficiency is obvious, the arc stability gradually rises, but the improvement effect on the arc stability after the weight percentage of the cerium oxide exceeds 4% is weakened, and 2-4% is selected in order to save the cost considering that the price of the cerium oxide is high.
The iron powder is added to mainly increase the underwater electric arc stiffness and penetrating power, so that the cut is reduced, and the cutting effect is better. The content of the iron powder is 3-11%.
The underwater steel cutting method by using the oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode comprises the following steps:
(1) connecting components of an underwater oxygen-free cutting system, the cutting system comprising: a constant-current welding power supply, a cable, an underwater welding handle, a cutting electrode and a parent metal; the constant-current welding power supply supplies power energy for the underwater cutting process, and the underwater welding handle is connected with the cathode of the constant-current welding power supply through a cable when the constant-current welding power supply is in a turn-off state; the parent material is connected with the positive electrode of a constant current welding power supply through a cable; the cutting electrode is fixed on the underwater welding handle in the same way as the underwater wet welding;
(2) after the diver allows the welding torch, the onshore working personnel start a constant-current welding power supply, the diver holds the underwater welding handle to move the cutting electrode to the parent metal, the electric arc is ignited, and the cutting is started; the parent metal is ferrous metal;
(3) the diver visually judges the cutting process, and gradually moves the cutting electrode to finish the cutting process;
(4) after the cutting process is completed, or when the cutting electrode is about to be consumed, the diver informs the on-shore working personnel to cut off the output of the constant-current welding power supply, and the residual part of the cutting electrode is taken out from the underwater welding handle, and the new cutting electrode is replaced to prepare for next cutting work.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the portability is good: the whole set of cutting equipment only includes constant current welding source, cutting electrode, welds handle and power cable under water, and in the work progress, constant current welding source is in more than the surface of water, and the cutting electrode gives and only relies on diver's manual operation to accomplish, and operating personnel only need carry and weld handle and cutting electrode under water work, and is single just can carry, needn't carry the great equipment of quality such as wire drive feed unit and carry out diving operation.
2) The safety is high: the cutting process does not need to provide oxygen, the cutting electrode is provided with an oxygen generating agent and a gas generating agent, oxygen and protective gas required by the cutting process are generated through chemical reaction, equipment required by construction is simplified, meanwhile, the dependence on an oxygen gas cylinder is eliminated, and the safety of production operation is improved.
3) The universality is strong: by using the underwater welding rod arc welding handle and the matched welding power supply, a diver can carry the cutting electrode and the welding rod during construction, different underwater repair processes can be realized only by replacing the cutting electrode/the welding rod according to needs on the premise of not adding any equipment, and the underwater welding rod arc welding handle and the matched welding power supply are suitable for underwater emergency repair construction processes.
4) The cutting efficiency is high: the aluminum cutting electrode core is adopted to cut ferrous metals such as carbon steel and the like, the thermite reaction effect is enhanced, the energy emitted in the combustion process is further improved, the cutting speed is high, and the cutting efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cutting electrode according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an underwater anaerobic cutting system of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a constant current welding power supply; 2. a cable; 3. welding a handle underwater; 4. cutting the electrode; 5. a base material; 41. a waterproof layer; 42. coating with a medicinal powder; 43. a metal core.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a pure aluminum electrode core with a diameter of 4.0mm is selected as a metal core 43 of a cutting electrode, the length of the metal core is 400mm, paraffin is selected as a material of a waterproof layer 41, the paraffin is coated on the outer part of a coating 42, and the formula of the coating 42 is as follows: 5% of aluminum powder, 15% of hematite, 32% of marble, 4% of potassium carbonate, 4% of potassium permanganate, 8% of calcium peroxide, 2% of cerium oxide and 3% of iron powder, and the cutting electrode 4 is prepared. Under the condition of cutting current of 150-. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) connecting components of an underwater oxygen-free cutting system, the cutting system comprising: the device comprises a constant-current welding power supply 1, a cable 2, an underwater welding handle 3, a cutting electrode 4 and a parent metal 5; the constant-current welding power supply 1 supplies power energy for the underwater cutting process, and the underwater welding handle 3 is connected with the cathode of the constant-current welding power supply 1 through a cable 2 when the constant-current welding power supply 1 is in a turn-off state; the parent material 5 is connected with the positive pole of a constant current welding power supply 1 through a cable 2; the cutting electrode 4 is fixed on the underwater welding handle 3, and the installation mode is the same as that of underwater wet welding;
(2) after the permission of a diver, a shore worker starts the constant-current welding power supply 1, the diver holds the underwater welding handle 3 to move the cutting electrode 4 to the base metal 5, and an electric arc is ignited to start cutting;
(3) the diver visually judges the cutting process, and gradually moves the cutting electrode to finish the cutting process;
(4) after the cutting process is completed, or when the cutting electrode is about to be consumed, the diver informs the onshore working personnel to cut off the output of the constant-current welding power supply 1, and takes out the residual part of the cutting electrode from the underwater welding handle 3 to replace the new cutting electrode to prepare for the next cutting operation.
Example 2
The formula of the coating of the cutting electrode is as follows: 8% of aluminum powder, 24% of hematite, 40% of marble, 5% of potassium carbonate, 4% of potassium permanganate, 8% of calcium peroxide, 3% of cerium oxide and 8% of iron powder, and the rest components are the same as those in structural example 1, and the underwater oxygen-free cutting method is the same as that in example 1, and the details are not repeated here.
Example 3
The formula of the coating of the cutting electrode is as follows: 12% of aluminum powder, 36% of hematite, 40% of marble, 5% of potassium carbonate, 5% of potassium permanganate, 10% of calcium peroxide, 4% of cerium oxide and 11% of iron powder, and the rest components are the same as those in structural example 1, and the underwater oxygen-free cutting method is the same as that in example 1, and the details are not repeated here.
In conclusion, oxygen is not required to be provided in the cutting process, the cutting electrode is provided with an oxygen generating agent and a gas generating agent, oxygen and protective gas required in the cutting process are generated through chemical reaction, and the safety is high; in the construction process, the constant-current welding power supply is positioned above the water surface, the cutting electrode feeding is completed only by the manual operation of a diver, an operator only needs to carry the underwater welding handle and the cutting electrode to work underwater, the operator can carry the electrode by a single person, and does not need to carry high-quality equipment such as a wire feeding device and the like to carry out diving operation, so that the portability is good; the aluminum cutting electrode core has high cutting efficiency.
It is understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides an anaerobic underwater cutting electrode, includes outside waterproof layer, coating and metal core, its characterized in that, the metal core is aluminium system material, and the waterproof layer coats outside the coating by water-blocking material, the coating includes following component: the aluminum thermite, the gas-forming agent, the oxygen-making agent, the arc stabilizer and the iron powder comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20-32% of thermite, 35-50% of gas-forming agent, 10-15% of oxygen-making agent, 3-4% of cerium oxide and 3-11% of iron powder;
the thermite is a composition of aluminum powder and hematite powder, and is prepared according to the mass percentage of 1: 3;
the gas-forming agent is a composition of marble and potassium carbonate, and is prepared according to the mass percentage of 8: 1;
the oxygen production agent is a mixture of potassium permanganate and calcium peroxide, and is prepared according to the mass percentage of 1: 2.
2. An underwater steel cutting method using the oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) connecting components of a cutting system, the cutting system comprising: a constant-current welding power supply, a cable, an underwater welding handle, a cutting electrode and a parent metal; the constant-current welding power supply supplies power energy for the underwater cutting process, and the underwater welding handle is connected with the cathode of the constant-current welding power supply through a cable when the constant-current welding power supply is in a turn-off state; the parent material is connected with the positive electrode of a constant current welding power supply through a cable; the cutting electrode is fixed on the underwater welding handle in the same way as the underwater wet welding;
(2) after the diver allows the welding torch, the onshore working personnel start a constant-current welding power supply, the diver holds the underwater welding handle to move the cutting electrode to the parent metal, the electric arc is ignited, and the cutting is started; the parent metal is ferrous metal;
(3) the diver visually judges the cutting process, and gradually moves the cutting electrode to finish the cutting process;
(4) after the cutting process is completed, or when the cutting electrode is about to be consumed, the diver informs the on-shore working personnel to cut off the output of the constant-current welding power supply, and the residual part of the cutting electrode is taken out from the underwater welding handle, and the new cutting electrode is replaced to prepare for next cutting work.
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| CN201711161914.6A CN107755855B (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2017-11-21 | Oxygen-free underwater cutting electrode and underwater steel cutting method |
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| CN107755855B true CN107755855B (en) | 2020-03-31 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1939649B (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2011-10-12 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | High-strength underwater welding electrodes |
| CN102699552B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2015-05-06 | 柳吉兰 | Underwater manual rapid cutting material |
| CN103317261B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2015-07-29 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of low hydrogen type deep water welding electrodes |
| CN104858565B (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2016-11-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | One wet method ARC CUTTING flux-cored cutting wire under water |
| CN106392277A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | Underwater local dry arc welding gun device generating vortex airflow |
| CN106514051A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-03-22 | 河海大学常州校区 | Underwater welding rod and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106808105B (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2019-05-17 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of flux-cored cutting wire and preparation method thereof for underwater wet-type arc cutting |
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Address after: 266200, Qingdao, Shandong, Qingdao, Qingdao, the core of the blue Silicon Valley, blue Silicon Valley business center, phase one, building No. 1. Applicant after: Inst. of Marine Apparatus & Instruments, Shandong Prov. Academy of Sciences Address before: 266071 Shandong city of Qingdao province Zhejiang City Road No. 28 Applicant before: Inst. of Marine Apparatus & Instruments, Shandong Prov. Academy of Sciences |
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