CN107753484B - 吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮在抗肿瘤中的用途 - Google Patents
吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮在抗肿瘤中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107753484B CN107753484B CN201610696757.8A CN201610696757A CN107753484B CN 107753484 B CN107753484 B CN 107753484B CN 201610696757 A CN201610696757 A CN 201610696757A CN 107753484 B CN107753484 B CN 107753484B
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Abstract
本发明公开了吲哚啉‑1(8aH)‑酮在抗肿瘤中的用途,其中,涉及式I所示化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于:(1)抑制真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖;和/或(2)预防和/或治疗肿瘤,
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮在抗肿瘤中的用途。
背景技术
吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮的化合物结构通式如下:
目前关于吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮的合成方法的研究很多,但是还鲜有报道它们的生物活性,对于其生物活性及用途方面的研究仍有待加强。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,发明人进行了一系列实验,以研究吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮的生物活性。结果,发明人惊奇地发现,吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮具有体外抗肿瘤活性,能够有效用于抑制真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖,以及预防和/或治疗肿瘤。
进而,在本发明的第一方面,本发明提供了式I所示化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药在制备药物中的用途。根据本发明的实施例,针对该用途,所述药物用于:
(1)抑制真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖;和/或
(2)预防和/或治疗肿瘤,
其中,
R′为选自卤代烷基、烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、任选取代的芳基中的任意一种,
R″为选自氢、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、烷氨基、硝基、羟基、氨基、氰基、羧基、卤素、羟基烷氧基,羟基烷基,氨基烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,芳基,芳基烷基,杂芳基,杂芳基烷基,杂环基,杂环基烷基,环烷基或环烷基烷基中的任意一种,
R为选自烷基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、任选取代的芳基中的任意一种。
根据本发明的实施例,式I所示化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药,具有体外抗肿瘤活性,能够有效用于制备抑制真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖、预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物。
根据本发明的实施例,所述真核生物为哺乳动物。
根据本发明的实施例,所述肿瘤细胞为癌细胞。
根据本发明的实施例,所述癌细胞为肺癌细胞、纤维肉瘤细胞、喉癌细胞或宫颈癌细胞。式I所示化合物(或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药),能够有效抑制肺癌细胞、纤维肉瘤细胞、喉癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞的增殖、从而能够有效用于制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤的药物。
根据本发明的一些优选实施例,所述肺癌细胞为人肺癌细胞A549,所述纤维肉瘤细胞为人纤维肉瘤细胞HT1080,所述喉癌细胞为人喉癌细胞Hep-2。式I所示化合物(或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药),对人肺癌细胞A549、人纤维肉瘤细胞HT1080和人喉癌细胞Hep-2的增殖抑制效果突出,预防或治疗效果好。
根据本发明的实施例,所述肿瘤为癌。
根据本发明的一些具体示例,所述癌为肺癌、纤维肉瘤或喉癌。
根据本发明的实施例,R′为选自卤代C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基、任选取代的芳基、杂芳基中的任意一种,R″为选自氢、C1-4烷基、卤代C1-4烷基、烷氧基、烷氨基、硝基、羟基、氨基、氰基、羧基、卤素、羟基烷氧基,羟基烷基,氨基烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,芳基,芳基烷基,杂芳基,杂芳基烷基,杂环基,杂环基烷基,环烷基或环烷基烷基中的任意一种,R为选自C1-4烷基、卤代C1-4烷基、杂芳基、任选取代的芳基中的任意一种,
根据本发明的一些实施例,R′为杂芳基,R″为氢或烷基,R为杂芳基或任选取代的芳基。
根据本发明的实施例,R′为任选取代的吡啶基,R″为氢或甲基,R为任选取代的吡啶基、任选取代的苯基、任选取代的萘基中的任意一种,优选为吡啶基、甲氧基苯基、硝基苯基、氯苯基、萘基中的任意一种。
根据本发明的一些优选实施例,R′为2-吡啶基或4-甲基-2-吡啶基,R″为氢或甲基,R为2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-硝基苯基、4-氯苯基、2-萘基中的任意一种。
根据本发明的实施例,式I所示化合物具有选自下列任意一种的结构:
发明人发现,具有上述具体结构的式I所示化合物(或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药)对肿瘤细胞,尤其是人肺癌细胞A549、人纤维肉瘤细胞HT1080和人喉癌细胞Hep-2的增殖抑制效果突出,对肿瘤的预防或治疗效果非常好。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明提供了一种真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖抑制剂。根据本发明的实施例,该真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖抑制剂包含式I所示化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药。发明人发现,本发明的真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖抑制剂能够有效用于抑制真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖,且效果突出,从而能够有效用于治疗肿瘤细胞增殖性疾病。
根据本发明的实施例,进一步包含:药学上可接受的载体。
根据本发明的实施例,所述载体为选自稀释剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体和润滑剂的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施例,所述真核生物肿瘤细胞增殖抑制剂呈选自注射液、片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、口服液、膏剂和霜剂的任意一种形式。
在本发明的第三方面,本发明提供了一种预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物。根据本发明的实施例,该预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物包含式I所示化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药。发明人发现,本发明的预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物能够有效用于预防和治疗肿瘤,且效果突出。
根据本发明的实施例,进一步包含:药学上可接受的载体.
根据本发明的实施例,所述载体为选自稀释剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体和润滑剂的至少一种.
根据本发明的实施例,所述预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物呈选自注射液、片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、口服液、膏剂和霜剂的任意一种形式。
为方便理解,下面将本文中采用的一些定义和术语解释如下:
“立体异构体”是指具有相同化学构造,但原子或基团在空间上排列方式不同的化合物。立体异构体包括对映异构体、非对映异构体、构象异构体(旋转异构体)、几何异构体(顺/反异构体)、阻转异构体,等等。
“对映异构体”是指一个化合物的两个不能重叠但互成镜像关系的异构体。
“非对映异构体”是指有两个或多个手性中性并且其分子不互为镜像的立体异构体。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性质,如熔点、沸点、光谱性质和反应性。非对映异构体混合物可通过高分辨分析操作如电泳和色谱,例如HPLC来分离。
“手性”是具有与其镜像不能重叠性质的分子;而“非手性”是指与其镜像可以重叠的分子。
本发明所使用的立体化学定义和规则一般遵循S.P.Parker,Ed.,McGraw-HillDictionary of Chemical Terms(1984)McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York;andEliel,E.and Wilen,S.,“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994。
许多有机化合物以光学活性形式存在,即它们具有使平面偏振光的平面发生旋转的能力。在描述光学活性化合物时,使用前缀D和L或R和S来表示分子关于其一个或多个手性中心的绝对构型。前缀d和l或(+)和(–)是用于指定化合物所致平面偏振光旋转的符号,其中(–)或l表示化合物是左旋的。前缀为(+)或d的化合物是右旋的。一种具体的立体异构体是对映异构体,这种异构体的混合物称作对映异构体混合物。对映异构体的50:50混合物称为外消旋混合物或外消旋体,当在化学反应或过程中没有立体选择性或立体特异性时,可出现这种情况。
本发明公开化合物的任何不对称原子(例如,碳等)都可以以外消旋或对映体富集的形式存在,例如(R)-、(S)-或(R,S)-构型形式存在。在某些实施方案中,各不对称原子在(R)-或(S)-构型方面具有至少50%对映体过量,至少60%对映体过量,至少70%对映体过量,至少80%对映体过量,至少90%对映体过量,至少95%对映体过量,或至少99%对映体过量。
依据起始物料和方法的选择,本发明化合物可以以可能的异构体中的一个或它们的混合物,例如外消旋体和非对应异构体混合物(这取决于不对称碳原子的数量)的形式存在。光学活性的(R)-或(S)-异构体可使用手性合成子或手性试剂制备,或使用常规技术拆分。如果化合物含有一个双键,取代基可能为E或Z构型;如果化合物中含有二取代的环烷基,环烷基的取代基可能有顺式或反式构型。
所得的任何立体异构体的混合物可以依据组分物理化学性质上的差异被分离成纯的或基本纯的几何异构体,对映异构体,非对映异构体,例如,通过色谱法和/或分步结晶法。
可以用已知的方法将任何所得终产物或中间体的外消旋体通过本领域技术人员熟悉的方法拆分成光学对映体,如,通过对获得的其非对映异构的盐进行分离。外消旋的产物也可以通过手性色谱来分离,如,使用手性吸附剂的高效液相色谱(HPLC)。特别地,对映异构体可以通过不对称合成制备,例如,可参考Jacques,et al.,Enantiomers,Racematesand Resolutions(Wiley Interscience,New York,1981);Principles of AsymmetricSynthesis(2nd Ed.Robert E.Gawley,Jeffrey Aubé,Elsevier,Oxford,UK,2012);Eliel,E.L.Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds(McGraw-Hill,NY,1962);Wilen,S.H.Tablesof Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.268(E.L.Eliel,Ed.,Univ.of NotreDame Press,Notre Dame,IN 1972);Chiral Separation Techniques:A PracticalApproach(Subramanian,G.Ed.,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA,Weinheim,Germany,2007)。
术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指具有不同能量的可通过低能垒(lowenergy barrier)互相转化的结构异构体。若互变异构是可能的(如在溶液中),则可以达到互变异构体的化学平衡。例如,质子互变异构体(protontautomer)(也称为质子转移互变异构体(prototropic tautomer))包括通过质子迁移来进行的互相转化,如酮-烯醇异构化和亚胺-烯胺异构化。价键互变异构体(valence tautomer)包括通过一些成键电子的重组来进行的互相转化。酮-烯醇互变异构的具体实例是戊烷-2,4-二酮和4-羟基戊-3-烯-2-酮互变异构体的互变。互变异构的另一个实例是酚-酮互变异构。酚-酮互变异构的一个具体实例是吡啶-4-醇和吡啶-4(1H)-酮互变异构体的互变。除非另外指出,本发明化合物的所有互变异构体形式都在本发明的范围之内。
通式化合物还可以以其它被保护的形式或衍生物的形式存在,这些形式对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,均应包含于本发明的范围内。
像本发明所描述的,本发明的化合物可以任选地被一个或多个取代基所取代,如上面的通式化合物,或者像实施例里面特殊的例子,子类,和本发明所包含的一类化合物。
一般而言,术语“取代的”表示可被取代的基团中的一个或多个可被取代的氢原子被具体取代基所取代。除非其他方面表明,一个取代的基团可以有一个取代基在基团各个可取代的位置进行取代。当所给出的结构式中不只一个位置能被选自具体基团的一个或多个取代基所取代,那么取代基可以相同或不同地在各个位置取代。
术语“任选取代的”,可以与术语“未取代或被….所取代”交换使用,即所述结构是未取代的或者被一个或多个本发明所述的取代基取代,本发明所述的取代基包括,但不限于D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、N3、NO2、OH、SH、NH2、-NHC(=O)CH2CN、-N(CH3)C(=O)CH2CN、-(CR8R9)n-ORc、-O(CR8R9)n-ORc、-(CR8R9)n-NRaRb、-C(=O)R7、-OC(=O)R7、-O(CR8R9)nR7、-N(Rc)C(=O)R7、-(CR8R9)nC(=O)ORc、-(CR8R9)nC(=O)NRaRb、-S(=O)mR7、-S(=O)2NRaRb、-C(=NRc)NRaRb、-N(Rc)C(=O)NRaRb或-N(Rc)S(=O)mR7、烷基、卤代烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基等。
在本说明书的各部分,本发明公开化合物的取代基按照基团种类或范围公开。特别指出,本发明包括这些基团种类和范围的各个成员的每一个独立的次级组合。例如,术语“C1-C4烷基”特别指独立公开的甲基、乙基、C3烷基和C4烷基。
在本发明的各部分,描述了连接取代基。当该结构清楚地需要连接基团时,针对该基团所列举的马库什变量应理解为连接基团。例如,如果该结构需要连接基团并且针对该变量的马库什基团定义列举了“烷基”或“芳基”,则应该理解,该“烷基”或“芳基”分别代表连接的亚烷基基团或亚芳基基团。
本发明使用的术语“烷基”,表示含有1至20个碳原子,饱和的直链或支链一价烃基基团,其中,所述烷基基团可以任选地被一个或多个本发明描述的取代基所取代。除非另外详细说明,烷基基团含有1-20个碳原子。在一些实施方案中,烷基基团含有1-4个碳原子。所述烷基基团可以任选地被一个或多个本发明描述的取代基所取代。
烷基基团的实例包含,但并不限于,甲基(Me、-CH3),乙基(Et、-CH2CH3),正丙基(n-Pr、-CH2CH2CH3),异丙基(i-Pr、-CH(CH3)2),正丁基(n-Bu、-CH2CH2CH2CH3),异丁基(i-Bu、-CH2CH(CH3)2),仲丁基(s-Bu、-CH(CH3)CH2CH3),叔丁基(t-Bu、-C(CH3)3),正戊基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3),2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3),3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)2),2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH3),3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2),3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2),2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3),正己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3),2-己基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3),3-己基(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)),2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3),3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3),4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2),3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2),2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2),2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2),3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3),正庚基,正辛基,等等。
本发明所述的“C1–4烷基”是指含有1–4个碳原子的烷烃上去除一个氢原子衍生的直链或支链的烷基。
术语“烷氧基”表示烷基基团通过氧原子与分子其余部分相连,其中烷基基团具有如本发明所述的含义。除非另外详细说明,所述烷氧基基团含有1-12个碳原子。在一些实施方案中,烷氧基基团含有1-6个碳原子;在另一些实施方案中,烷氧基基团含有1-4个碳原子;在又一些实施方案中,烷氧基基团含有1-3个碳原子。所述烷氧基基团可以任选地被一个或多个本发明描述的取代基所取代。
烷氧基基团的实例包括,但并不限于,甲氧基(MeO、-OCH3),乙氧基(EtO、-OCH2CH3),1-丙氧基(n-PrO、n-丙氧基、-OCH2CH2CH3),2-丙氧基(i-PrO、i-丙氧基、-OCH(CH3)2),1-丁氧基(n-BuO、n-丁氧基、-OCH2CH2CH2CH3),2-甲基-l-丙氧基(i-BuO、i-丁氧基、-OCH2CH(CH3)2),2-丁氧基(s-BuO、s-丁氧基、-OCH(CH3)CH2CH3),2-甲基-2-丙氧基(t-BuO、t-丁氧基、-OC(CH3)3),1-戊氧基(n-戊氧基、-OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3),2-戊氧基(-OCH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3),3-戊氧基(-OCH(CH2CH3)2),2-甲基-2-丁氧基(-OC(CH3)2CH2CH3),3-甲基-2-丁氧基(-OCH(CH3)CH(CH3)2),3-甲基-l-丁氧基(-OCH2CH2CH(CH3)2),2-甲基-l-丁氧基(-OCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3),等等。
术语“卤代烷基”或“卤代烷氧基”表示烷基或烷氧基基团被一个或多个卤素原子所取代,这样的实例包含,但并不限于,三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基等。
术语“环烷基”表示含有3-12个碳原子的,单价或多价的饱和单环,双环或三环体系。在一些实施方案中,环烷基包含3-12个碳原子;在另一些实施方案中,环烷基包含7-12个碳原子;在另一些实施方案中,环烷基包含3-8个碳原子;在另一些实施方案中,环烷基包含3-6个碳原子;还在一些实施方案中,环烷基为C7-C12环烷基,其包含C7-C12螺双环烷基、C7-C12稠合双环烷基和C7-C12桥双环烷基;在又一些实施方案中,环烷基为C8-C11环烷基,其包含C8-C11螺双环烷基、C8-C11稠合双环烷基和C8-C11桥双环烷基。所述环烷基基团可以独立地未被取代或被一个或多个本发明所描述的取代基所取代。
本发明所述的“C3–6环烷基”是指环上原子全部为碳原子,去除碳原子所连一个氢原子衍生的环状烷基基团。
术语“杂环基”和“杂环”在此处可交换使用,都是指包含3-12个环原子的、单价或多价的、饱和或部分不饱和的、非芳香性的单环、双环或三环体系,其中至少一个环原子选自氮、硫和氧原子。除非另外说明,杂环基可以是碳基或氮基,且-CH2-基团可以任选地被-C(=O)-替代。环的硫原子可以任选地被氧化成S-氧化物。环的氮原子可以任选地被氧化成N-氧化合物。杂环基包括饱和的杂环基(即:杂环烷基)和部分不饱和的杂环基。杂环基的实例包括,但不限于:环氧乙烷基、氮杂环丁基、氧杂环丁基、硫杂环丁基、吡咯烷基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、二氢噻吩基、1,3-二氧环戊基、二硫环戊基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡喃基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、哌啶基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、哌嗪基、二噁烷基、二噻烷基、噻噁烷基、高哌嗪基、高哌啶基、氧杂环庚烷基、硫杂环庚烷基、氧氮杂基(如,1,4-氧氮杂基、1,2-氧氮杂基)、二氮杂基(如,1,4-二氮杂基、1,2-二氮杂基)、二氧杂基(如,1,4-二氧杂基、1,2-二氧杂基)、硫氮杂基(如1,4-硫氮杂基、1,2-硫氮杂基)、吲哚啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、1,3-苯并二噁茂基、2-氧杂-5-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚-5-基、2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬烷基、1,6-二氧杂螺[4.4]壬烷基、2-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷基、8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷基、7-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷基、3-氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷基、2-氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷基、八氢-1H-异吲哚基、八氢环戊烷并[c]吡咯基、六氢呋喃并[3,2-b]呋喃基和十二氢异喹啉基,等。杂环基中-CH2-基团被-C(=O)-替代的实例包括,但不限于,2-氧代吡咯烷基、氧代-1,3-噻唑烷基、2-哌啶酮基和3,5-二氧代哌啶基。杂环基中硫原子被氧化的实例包括,但不限于,环丁砜基、1,1-二氧代硫代吗啉基、1,1-二氧代四氢噻吩基和1,1-二氧代四氢-2H-噻喃基,等。所述的杂环基基团可以任选地被一个或多个本发明所描述的取代基所取代。
术语“杂原子”是指O、S、N、P和Si,包括N、S和P任何氧化态的形式;伯、仲、叔胺和季铵盐的形式;或者杂环中氮原子上的氢被取代的形式,例如,N(像3,4-二氢-2H-吡咯基中的N),NH(像吡咯烷基中的NH)或NR(像N-取代的吡咯烷基中的NR)。
术语“卤素”是指氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)或碘(I),也即作为取代基的氟、氯、溴或碘。当卤原子作为取代基的时候,其取代的数目为一个以上,包括一个、两个或三个等。
术语“芳基”表示含有6-14个环原子,或6-12个环原子,或6-10个环原子的单环、双环和三环的碳环体系,其中,至少一个环体系是芳香族的,其中每一个环体系包含3-7个原子组成的环,且有一个或多个连接点与分子的其余部分相连。术语“芳基”可以和术语“芳香环”交换使用。芳基基团的实例可以包括苯基、萘基和蒽基。所述芳基基团可以独立任选地被一个或多个本发明所描述的取代基所取代。
术语“杂芳基”表示含有5-12个环原子,或5-10个环原子,或5-6个环原子的单环、双环和三环体系,其中至少一个环体系是芳香族的,且至少一个芳香环体系包含一个或多个杂原子,其中每一个环体系包含5-7个原子组成的环,且有一个或多个连接点与分子其余部分相连。术语“杂芳基”可以与术语“杂芳环”或“杂芳族化合物”交换使用。在一实施方案中,杂芳基为包含1、2、3或4个独立选自O、S和N的杂原子的5-12个原子组成的杂芳基。在另一实施方案中,杂芳基为包含1、2、3或4个独立选自O、S和N的杂原子的5-10个原子组成的杂芳基。还在一实施方案中,杂芳基为包含1、2、3或4个独立选自O、S和N的杂原子的5-6个原子组成的杂芳基。所述杂芳基基团任选地被一个或多个本发明所描述的取代基所取代。
杂芳基基团的实例包括,但并不限于,2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、N-咪唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、5-咪唑基、3-异噁唑基、4-异噁唑基、5-异噁唑基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基、5-噁唑基、N-吡咯基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、吡啶酮基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基、嘧啶酮基、嘧啶二酮基、哒嗪基(如3-哒嗪基)、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、四唑基(如5-四唑基)、三唑基(如2-三唑基和5-三唑基)、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、吡唑基(如2-吡唑基)、异噻唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,3-硫代二唑基、1,3,4-硫代二唑基、1,2,5-硫代二唑基、吡嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪基;也包括以下的双环,但绝不限于这些双环:苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基(如2-吲哚基)、嘌呤基、喹啉基(如2-喹啉基,3-喹啉基,4-喹啉基)、异喹啉基(如1-异喹啉基、3-异喹啉基或4-异喹啉基)、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基、吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基、吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶基、吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶基、吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶基、咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪基、[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-b]哒嗪基、[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶基、[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基,等等。
术语“羧基”,无论是单独使用还是和其他术语连用,如“羧烷基”,表示-CO2H;术语“羰基”,无论是单独使用还是和其他术语连用,如“氨基羰基”或“酰氧基”,表示-(C=O)-。
术语“烷氨基”包括“N-烷基氨基”和“N,N-二烷基氨基”,其中氨基基团分别独立地被一个或两个烷基基团所取代。其中一些实施例是,烷基氨基是一个或两个C1-C6烷基连接到氮原子上形成的较低级的烷基氨基基团。另外一些实施例是,烷基氨基是一个或两个C1-C4烷基连接到氮原子上形成的较低级的烷基氨基基团。合适的烷基氨基基团可以是单烷基氨基或二烷基氨基,这样的实例包括,但并不限于,N-甲氨基,N-乙氨基,N,N-二甲氨基,N,N-二乙氨基等等。
本发明所使用的术语“前药”,代表一个化合物在体内转化为式I所示的化合物。这样的转化受前体药物在血液中水解或在血液或组织中经酶转化为母体结构的影响。本发明前体药物类化合物可以是酯,在现有的发明中酯可以作为前体药物的有苯酯类,脂肪族(C1-C24)酯类,酰氧基甲基酯类,碳酸酯,氨基甲酸酯类和氨基酸酯类。例如本发明里的一个化合物包含羟基,即可以将其酰化得到前体药物形式的化合物。其他的前体药物形式包括磷酸酯,如这些磷酸酯类化合物是经母体上的羟基磷酸化得到的。关于前体药物完整的讨论可以参考以下文献:T.Higuchi and V.Stella,Pro-drugs as Novel DeliverySystems,Vol.14of the A.C.S.Symposium Series,Edward B.Roche,ed.,BioreversibleCarriers in Drug Design,American Pharmaceutical Association and PergamonPress,1987,J.Rautio et al.,Prodrugs:Design and Clinical Applications,NatureReview Drug Discovery,2008,7,255-270,and S.J.Hecker et al.,Prodrugs ofPhosphates and Phosphonates,Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2008,51,2328-2345。
“代谢产物”是指具体的化合物或其盐在体内通过代谢作用所得到的产物。一个化合物的代谢产物可以通过所属领域公知的技术来进行鉴定,其活性可以通过如本发明所描述的那样采用试验的方法进行表征。这样的产物可以是通过将给药化合物经过氧化,还原,水解,酰氨化,脱酰氨作用,酯化,脱脂作用,酶裂解等方法得到。相应地,本发明包括化合物的代谢产物,包括将本发明的化合物与哺乳动物充分接触一段时间所产生的代谢产物。
本发明所使用的“药学上可接受的盐”是指本发明的化合物的有机盐和无机盐。药学上可接受的盐在所属领域是为我们所熟知的,如文献:S.M.Berge et al.,describepharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J.Pharmaceutical Sciences,1977,66:1-19.所记载的。药学上可接受的无毒的酸形成的盐包括,但并不限于,与氨基基团反应形成的无机酸盐有盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,磷酸盐,硫酸盐,高氯酸盐,和有机酸盐如乙酸盐,草酸盐,马来酸盐,酒石酸盐,柠檬酸盐,琥珀酸盐,丙二酸盐,或通过书籍文献上所记载的其他方法如离子交换法来得到这些盐。其他药学上可接受的盐包括己二酸盐,藻酸盐,抗坏血酸盐,天冬氨酸盐,苯磺酸盐,苯甲酸盐,重硫酸盐,硼酸盐,丁酸盐,樟脑酸盐,樟脑磺酸盐,环戊基丙酸盐,二葡萄糖酸盐,十二烷基硫酸盐,乙磺酸盐,甲酸盐,反丁烯二酸盐,葡庚糖酸盐,甘油磷酸盐,葡萄糖酸盐,半硫酸盐,庚酸盐,己酸盐,氢碘酸盐,2-羟基-乙磺酸盐,乳糖醛酸盐,乳酸盐,月桂酸盐,月桂基硫酸盐,苹果酸盐,丙二酸盐,甲磺酸盐,2-萘磺酸盐,烟酸盐,硝酸盐,油酸盐,棕榈酸盐,扑酸盐,果胶酸盐,过硫酸盐,3-苯基丙酸盐,苦味酸盐,特戊酸盐,丙酸盐,硬脂酸盐,硫氰酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐,十一酸盐,戊酸盐,等等。通过适当的碱得到的盐包括碱金属,碱土金属,铵和N+(C1-C4烷基)4的盐。本发明也拟构思了任何包含N的基团的化合物所形成的季铵盐。水溶性或油溶性或分散产物可以通过季铵化作用得到。碱金属或碱土金属盐包括钠,锂,钾,钙,镁,等等。药学上可接受的盐进一步包括适当的、无毒的铵,季铵盐和抗平衡离子形成的胺阳离子,如卤化物,氢氧化物,羧化物,硫酸化物,磷酸化物,硝酸化物,C1-8磺酸化物和芳香磺酸化物。
本发明的“溶剂化物”是指一个或多个溶剂分子与本发明的化合物所形成的缔合物。形成溶剂化物的溶剂包括,但并不限于,水,异丙醇,乙醇,甲醇,二甲亚砜,乙酸乙酯,乙酸和氨基乙醇。
术语“水合物”是指溶剂分子是水所形成的缔合物。当所述溶剂为水时,可以使用术语“水合物”。在一实施方案中,一个本发明化合物分子可以与一个水分子相结合,比如一水合物;在另一实施方案中,一个本发明化合物分子可以与多于一个的水分子相结合,比如二水合物,在又一实施方案中,一个本发明化合物分子可以与少于一个的水分子相结合,比如半水合物。应注意,本发明所述的水合物保留有非水合形式的所述化合物的生物有效性。
本发明化合物的“氮氧化物”也包含在本发明的范围之内。可以通过在升温下使用常用氧化剂(例如过氧化氢),在有例如乙酸的酸存在下,氧化相应的含氮碱性物质,或者通过在适合的溶剂中与过酸反应,例如在二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯或乙酸甲酯中与过乙酸反应,或在氯仿或二氯甲烷中与3-氯过氧苯甲酸反应,制备本发明化合物的氮氧化物。
术语“癌症”和“癌的”是指或描述患者通常以失控的细胞生长为特征的生理学病症。“肿瘤”包含一种或多种癌细胞。癌症的实例包括但不限于癌(carcinoma)、淋巴瘤、胚细胞瘤、肉瘤和白血病,或恶性淋巴增殖性疾病(lymphoid malignancies)。此类癌症的更具体的实例包括鳞状细胞癌(如上皮鳞状细胞癌)、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌和肺鳞状癌)、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌(gastricor stomach cancer)(包括胃肠癌)、胰腺癌、恶性胶质瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌(livercancer)、膀胱癌、肝细胞瘤(hepatoma)、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌或子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌或肾脏癌(kidney or renal cancer)、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝脏癌(hepatic carcinoma)、肛门癌、阴茎癌以及头颈癌。
当可用于治疗时,治疗有效量的式I所示化合物(或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药)可作为未加工的化学药品给予,还可作为药物组合物的活性成分提供。因此,本发明还提供一种药物组合物,包括式I所示化合物(或其立体异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药)。在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述药物组合物进一步包含至少一种药学上可接受的载体、辅剂、或赋形剂,以及任选地,其它的治疗和/或预防成分。
合适的载体、辅剂和赋形剂对于本领域技术人员是熟知的并且详细描述于例如Ansel H.C.et al.,Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug DeliverySystems(2004)Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins,Philadelphia;Gennaro A.R.et al.,Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(2000)Lippincott,Williams&Wilkins,Philadelphia;和Rowe R.C.,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(2005)Pharmaceutical Press,Chicago中。
包含本发明化合物或药物组合物给药的治疗方法,进一步包括对患者进行其他抗肿瘤药物(联合治疗)的给药。
本文所使用的术语“治疗有效量”是指足以显示出有意义的患者益处的各活性组分的总量。当使用单独的活性成分单独给药时,该术语仅指该成分。当组合应用时,该术语则是指不论组合、依次或同时给药时,都引起治疗效果的活性成分的组合量。
本发明所使用的术语“药学上可接受的”是指这样的化合物、原料、组合物和/或剂型,它们在合理医学判断的范围内,适用于与患者组织接触而无过度毒性、刺激性、变态反应或与合理的利益/风险比相对称的其他问题和并发症,并有效用于既定用途。
通常,本发明的化合物通过用于发挥类似效用的物质的任何常规施用方式以治疗有效量被施用。适宜的剂量范围典型地为每天1-500mg,这取决于多种因素,例如所治疗疾病的严重性、施用对象的年龄和相对健康状况、所用化合物的效力、施用的途径和形式、施用所针对的适应症以及相关医学执业者的偏好和经验。治疗所述疾病领域的普通技术人员无需过多实验依靠个人知识和本申请的公开内容即能确定用于给定疾病的本发明化合物的治疗有效量。
通常,本发明的化合物以药物制剂形式施用,所述的药物制剂包括那些适于口服(包括口腔和舌下)、直肠、鼻、局部、肺、阴道或胃肠外(包括肌内、动脉内、鞘内、皮下和静脉内)施用的药物制剂或适于吸入或吹入施用形式的药物制剂。优选的施用方式通常为口服,使用合适的日剂量方案,可根据疾痛程度对其进行调整。
可将本发明的一种或多种化合物与一种或多种常规辅剂、载体或稀释剂一起置于药物组合物和单位剂量形式中。药物组合物和单位剂量形式可包含常规比例的常规成分,含或不含另外的活性化合物或成分,单位剂量形式可以含有与所应用的计划日剂量范围相称的任何适宜的有效量的活性成分。药物组合物的应用形式可以是固体例如片剂或填充胶囊剂、半固体、粉末、缓释制剂或液体例如溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、酏剂或口服使用的填充胶囊剂;或是用于直肠或阴道施用的栓剂形式;或是用于胃肠外使用的无菌注射用溶液形式。因此,每片中含有约1mg活性成分或更宽地,含有约0.01至约100mg活性成分的制剂是适宜的代表性的单位剂量形式。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的方案进行解释。本领域技术人员将会理解,下面的实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮的体外抗肿瘤活性检测实验
本实施例以肿瘤细胞(人非小细胞肺癌A549、人纤维肉瘤HT1080、人喉癌上皮细胞HEP-2)为研究对象,通过MTT比色法检测样品——吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮的体外抗肿瘤活性。
MTT比色法能够检测肿瘤细胞的存活和生长,其检测原理为活细胞线粒体中的琥珀酸脱氢酶能使外源性MTT还原为水不溶性的蓝紫色结晶甲臜(Formazan),并沉积于细胞中,而死细胞无此功能。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)能够溶解细胞中的甲臜,以酶联免疫检测仪在570nm波长处测定其吸光值,通过吸光值的变化反应肿瘤细胞的存活和生长状况。
一般方法:
将肿瘤细胞于37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度环境下培养于含10%胎牛血清的培养基中,其中,人非小细胞肺癌A549采用的1640培养基(生产厂家:GEhealthcarelifesciencehyclonelaboratories,货号:SH30809.01);人纤维肉瘤HT1080采用的MEM/EBSS培养基(生产厂家:GEhealthcarelifesciencehyclonelaboratories,货号:SH30024.01);人喉癌上皮细胞HEP-2采用MEM培养基(生产厂家:GEhealthcarelifesciencehyclonelaboratories,货号:SH30265.01),待细胞呈对数增长时进行传代,调整细胞浓度至1×104个/ml,接种200μl于96孔培养板。待细胞贴壁生长24h,加入待测样品(即式I所示的吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮化合物,其中实验设阳性对照组,阳性对照组采用5-氟尿嘧啶,简称“5-Fu”),使终浓度均为40umol/ml,对照组同时加入等体积的生理盐水,与细胞共同孵育72h。孵育结束后,小心吸弃细胞上清,加入终浓度为0.5mg/ml MTT溶液,继续培养4h。吸弃上清,每孔加入150μlDMSO,置摇床上低速振荡10min,使结晶物充分溶解,于酶标仪570nm处测量吸光值,然后计算抑制率。
计算方法:
样品抑制率=[(对照吸光值-空白吸光值)-(样品吸光值-空白吸光值)]/(对照吸光值-空白吸光值)×100%
按照上述的一般方法,分别检测具有下列结构的吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮化合物(化合物I-1至I-8,通过化学合成获得)对肿瘤细胞A549、HT1080、Hep-2的体外抑制活性。
其中,吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮化合物对A549抑制活性的药理实验结果见表1。
表1
吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮化合物对HT1080抑制活性的药理实验结果见表2。
表2
吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮化合物对Hep-2抑制活性的药理实验结果见表3。
表3
由上述结果可知,吲哚啉-1(8aH)-酮化合物能够有效抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,具有抗肿瘤活性,其中式I-8所示化合物的抗肿瘤活性尤其突出,其对三种肿瘤的抑制率均显著高于阳性对照药5-Fu。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。
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Highly Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Indolizines and Indolizinones by Copper-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Propargylic Pyridines;Yan, Bin等;《Journal of Organic Chemistry》;20080825;第72卷(第20期);7783-7786 * |
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