CN107746924B - A kind of method of large size austenitic stainless steel ring forging heat treatment deformation - Google Patents
A kind of method of large size austenitic stainless steel ring forging heat treatment deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107746924B CN107746924B CN201711056550.5A CN201711056550A CN107746924B CN 107746924 B CN107746924 B CN 107746924B CN 201711056550 A CN201711056550 A CN 201711056550A CN 107746924 B CN107746924 B CN 107746924B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
- C21D1/64—Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of large-scale austenitic stainless steel ring forging heat treatment deformation.The present invention passes through optimization heat treatment process process and technological parameter, use dedicated hot hoisting fixture, dedicated cooling and stirring and the circulatory system, reduce the deformation extent of large-size stainless steel ring forging, compared with prior art, the present invention ensure that the solid solution effect of ontology while cost is reduced, reduce the amount of distortion of annular Austenitic stainless steel forging solution treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to large-size stainless steel ring forging technical field of heat treatment, more particularly to a kind of large-scale austenite stainless
The method of steel loop forging heat treatment deformation.
Background technique
Large-scale austenitic stainless steel ring forging is easy to deform in solid solution, in order to guarantee finished size, needs to increase
Add machining allowance, do so and not only increase raw material and cost, the increasing of machining allowance also affects the solid solution effect of ontology.
How by improving heat treatment process, and large-scale austenitic stainless steel ring forging heat-treatment distortion is avoided or reduced,
It is the technical problem to be solved in the invention.
Summary of the invention
It is anti-that the present invention provides a kind of large-scale austenitic stainless steel ring forging heat treatment aiming at above-mentioned defect
The method of deformation.The present invention uses dedicated hot hoisting fixture, dedicated by adjusting the sequence and technological parameter of heat treatment
Cooling and stirring and the circulatory system reduce the deformation extent of large-size stainless steel ring forging, and compared with prior art, the present invention is dropping
It ensure that the solid solution effect of ontology while inexpensive.
A kind of method and technology scheme of large-scale austenitic stainless steel ring forging heat treatment deformation of the invention is, including with
Lower step:
(1) raw material are reviewed；
(2) the material base specification and size determined according to forging technology carries out blanking；
(3) material base heats；
(4) jumping-up, punching, reaming open die forging: are implemented to the material base after heating；
(5) it rolles over ring: to the secondary forging stock melted down, forging stock being implemented using horizontal type ring rolling machine to roll over ring；
(6) it eliminates stress processing: hidden lino removal being carried out to ring forging according to heat treatment process；Eliminate forging process
The internal stress of middle formation prevents the superposition for forming internal stress when solid solution, eliminates the heat treatment temperature of stress to prevent crystal grain from growing up
It is 880 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, is cooled down after coming out of the stove, the intergranular of the carbide of chromium is prevented to be precipitated；
(7) rough turn: the forging after offseting de-stress is implemented rough turn according to rough turn size and drawing；
(8) it is dissolved: according to solid solution craft, solution heat treatment being implemented to the ring forging after rough turn, heat treatment heating setting is more
A isothermal point carries out isothermal；
(9) NDT is detected: to after solid solution and carrying out rough turn annular forging piece, according to NDT examination criteria and being checked and accepted grade and is implemented
NDT detection；
(10) sampling and mechanics properties testing sample detection: are implemented to the annular forging piece after solution treatment；
(11) smart car smart car: is implemented according to finished product drawing to the annular forging piece through mechanics properties testing qualification.
Heat treatment process in step (6) successively the following steps are included:
1. forging of the temperature less than or equal to 100 DEG C is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeps the temperature 3h-8h；
2. being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 3h-8h；
3. being warming up to 880 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature, soaking time adds according to the thickness of annular forging piece
With determination, concrete mode is as follows:
t=k·d
Wherein, t is soaking time, unit min；
K is coefficient, value range 2.0-2.5min/mm；
D is the thickness of annular forging piece, unit mm.
4. cooling to≤540 DEG C by the way of air-cooled+spraying and then carrying out air-cooled.
Solution heat treatment specific steps in step (8) are as follows:
1. forging is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeps the temperature 3h-8h；
2. being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 0.5h-1.5h；
3. being warming up to 900 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤80 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 5h-10h；
4. being warming up to forging entity temperature by total power to reach 1060 ± 10 DEG C and keep the temperature h；
t=k·d
Wherein, t is soaking time, unit min；
K is coefficient, value range 2.2-2.8min/mm；
D is the thickness of annular forging piece, unit mm.
5. cooling to≤260 DEG C by the way of water cooling.
It is to prevent from being deformed when heating in furnace bottom effective working region when heating up during solution heat treatment in step (8)
Interior uniformly distributed holding multiple pieces parallels, the quantity of parallels meet:
Between adjacent parallels, the chord length of annular forging piece branch pad position is no more than 1500mm.
All parallels are located in the same horizontal plane；Right angled triangle locating piece, a right angle of locating piece are welded on parallels
Side and parallels upper surface are welded, and are positioned according to thermal expansion coefficient to annular forging piece outer diameter,
Expansion clearance a is determined according to following formula:
a=λ·D
Wherein, a is expansion clearance, unit mm；
λ is coefficient, and value is determined according to the linear expansion coefficient of corresponding austenitic stainless steel, unit 10-6/℃；
D is the outer diameter of annular forging piece, unit mm.
Parallels is processed after the completion of welding, is levelling, to prevent forging from bending during heating distortion.
In step (8) solution heat treatment process steps 4. after carry out step 5. when, using hoisting fixture to forging into
The hot lifting of row, is lifted from forging outer circle position, and hoisting fixture includes upper cone tip part and lower prismoid section, and upper cone tip part is under
Prismoid section connects to form a complete centrum by annulus, and upper cone tip part includes three or more lanyards above annulus, hangs
Rope top, which focuses on, a little forms cone fixed point；Lower prismoid section includes 8-20 lifting rope, and the upper end of lifting rope is separated by 30 ° and uniformly divides
Cloth is fixed on annulus lower surface, and the lower end of lifting rope is provided with the suspension hook for being suspended on forging, and lifting rope length is greater than 400mm.
Touch forging from hoisting fixture, to time≤60s that forging is vertically hung out to furnace, horizontal transfer to pond when
Between≤25s, time≤20s of the complete over entry of forging, total time≤105s of hot lifting, surface temperature drop≤50 DEG C.
In step (8) solution heat treatment process steps 5. in water cooling when, the quenching sink of rapid cooling is dissolved, using configuration
The quenching sink of stirring, circulation and cooling system come out of the stove after cooling, the circulation and cooling system for quenching sink should be really
It protects during rapid cooling, water temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, quenches the stirring system of sink it is ensured that when annular forging piece is cooling in quenching sink
Water can form annular turbulent flow.
The invention has the benefit that the present invention is dedicated by optimization heat treatment process process and technological parameter, use
Hot hoisting fixture, dedicated cooling and stirring and the circulatory system, reduce the deformation extent of large-size stainless steel ring forging, and existing
Technology is compared, and the present invention ensure that the solid solution effect of ontology while cost is reduced, reduces annular austenite stainless steel forging
The amount of distortion of part solution treatment.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 show heat treatment process time-temperature figure in elimination stress processing of the invention；
Fig. 2 show solution heat treatment time-temperature figure of the present invention；
Forging placement figure when Fig. 3 show solution heat of the present invention；
Fig. 4 show the hot hoisting structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 show water flow in 1 solution heat treatment water cooling time slot of embodiment and forms spiralling turbulent condition figure.
Wherein, 1- forging, 2- expansion gap a, 3- locating piece, 4- parallels, 5- lifting rope, 6- annulus.
Specific embodiment:
For a better understanding of the present invention, below with specific example come the technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail, but this
Invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
One kind is having a size of 1972/ φ 1716 × 206(unit of φ: 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 austenite stainless steel loop forging mm)
The manufacture craft of part 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) raw material are reviewed；
(2) the material base specification and size determined according to forging technology carries out blanking；
(3) material base heats；
(4) jumping-up, punching, reaming open die forging: are implemented to the material base after heating；
(5) it rolles over ring: to the secondary forging stock melted down, forging stock being implemented using horizontal type ring rolling machine to roll over ring；
(6) it eliminates stress processing: carrying out hidden lino removal according to heat treatment process ring forging 1；Eliminate forging process
The internal stress of middle formation prevents the superposition for forming internal stress when solid solution, eliminates the heat treatment temperature of stress to prevent crystal grain from growing up
It is 880 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, is cooled down after coming out of the stove, the intergranular of the carbide of chromium is prevented to be precipitated；
Heat treatment process successively the following steps are included:
1. forging 1 of the temperature less than or equal to 100 DEG C is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeps the temperature 3h；
2. being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 3h；
3. being warming up to 880 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 6h；
4. cooling to≤540 DEG C by the way of air-cooled+spraying and then carrying out air-cooled.
(7) rough turn: the forging 1 after offseting de-stress is implemented rough turn according to rough turn size and drawing；
(8) it is dissolved: according to solid solution craft, solution heat treatment being implemented to the forging 1 after rough turn, heat treatment heating setting is multiple
Isothermal point carries out isothermal；
Solution heat treatment specific steps are as follows:
1. forging 1 is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeps the temperature 3h；
2. being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 0.5h；
3. being warming up to 900 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤80 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 5h；
4. being warming up to 1 entity temperature of forging by total power to reach 1060 ± 10 DEG C and keep the temperature 5h；
5. cooling to≤260 DEG C by the way of water cooling；
It is laid in the effective working region of furnace bottom when being heated during solution heat treatment to be deformed when preventing heating
At least 4 blocks of parallels 4 are set, 4 support pad length of parallels is greater than 500mm, and all parallels 4 are located in the same horizontal plane；It is welded on parallels 4 straight
Angle triangle locating piece 3, a right-angle side of locating piece 3 and 4 upper surface of parallels are welded, according to thermal expansion coefficient to forging 1 outside
Diameter is positioned, and the distance between other right-angle side and 1 outer wall of forging of locating piece 3 are expansion gap a2 39mm,
Parallels 4 is processed after the completion of welding, is levelling, to prevent forging 1 from bending during heating distortion.
It uses hoisting fixture to carry out hot lifting to forging 1 during solution heat treatment, is hung from 1 outer circle position of forging
Dress, hoisting fixture include upper cone tip part and lower prismoid section, and upper cone tip part and lower prismoid section are complete by the connection of annulus 6 formation one
Centrum, upper cone tip part includes three or more lanyards 5 above annulus, and 5 top of lanyard focuses on that a little to form cone fixed
Point；Lower prismoid section includes 8-20 lifting rope 5, and the upper end of lifting rope 5, which is separated by 30 ° and is uniformly distributed, is fixed on 6 lower surface of annulus, lifting rope 5
Lower end be provided with the suspension hook for being suspended on forging 1,5 length of lifting rope is greater than 400mm；
Forging 1 is touched from hoisting fixture, to time≤60s that forging 1 is vertically hung out to furnace, pond is arrived in horizontal transfer
Time≤25s, time≤20s of the complete over entry of forging 1, total time≤105s of hot lifting, surface temperature drop≤50 DEG C.
When rapid cooling, circulation, cooling and the stirring system of quenching sink are opened, cooling water forms cyclic annular disorderly in slot
It flows, in cooling procedure, water temperature is between 25 DEG C -32 DEG C.
Annular forging piece change in size situation after before and after solution treatment is as shown in the table.
(9) NDT is detected: to after solid solution and carrying out rough turn annular forging piece 1, according to NDT examination criteria and to check and accept grade real
Apply NDT detection；
(10) sample detection: sampling and mechanics properties testing are implemented to the annular forging piece 1 after solution treatment, testing result is such as
Shown in following table；
| Project | Rp0.2(Mpa) | Rm(Mpa) | A(%) | Z(%) | Intercrystalline corrosion |
| Technical requirements | ≥250 | ≥485 | ≥22 | ≥30 | Detection |
| Actual measurement | 284 | 569 | 57.5 | 81 | It is qualified |
(11) smart car smart car: is implemented according to finished product drawing to the annular forging piece through mechanics properties testing qualification.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of large size austenitic stainless steel ring forging heat treatment deformation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material are reviewed；
(2) the material base specification and size determined according to forging technology carries out blanking；
(3) material base heats；
(4) jumping-up, punching, reaming open die forging: are implemented to the material base after heating；
(5) it rolles over ring: to the secondary forging stock melted down, forging stock being implemented using horizontal type ring rolling machine to roll over ring；
(6) it eliminates stress processing: ring forging being carried out according to heat treatment process to eliminate stress processing；It eliminates and is formed in forging process
Internal stress, prevent the superposition that internal stress is formed when solid solution, to eliminate the heat treatment temperature of stress be 880 DEG C to prevent crystal grain from growing up
It ± 10 DEG C, is cooled down after coming out of the stove, the intergranular of the carbide of chromium is prevented to be precipitated；
(7) rough turn: the forging after offseting de-stress is implemented rough turn according to rough turn size and drawing；
(8) solid solution: according to solid solution craft, solution heat treatment is implemented to the ring forging after rough turn, heat treatment heating is arranged multiple etc.
Warm spot carries out isothermal；
(9) NDT is detected: to after solid solution and carrying out rough turn annular forging piece, according to NDT examination criteria and being checked and accepted grade and is implemented NDT
Detection；
(10) sampling and mechanics properties testing sample detection: are implemented to the annular forging piece after solution treatment；
(11) smart car smart car: is implemented according to finished product drawing to the annular forging piece through mechanics properties testing qualification；
Elimination stress treatment process in step (6) successively the following steps are included:
1. forging of the temperature less than or equal to 100 DEG C is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeps the temperature 3h-8h；
2. being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 3h-8h；
3. being warming up to 880 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature, soaking time is subject to really according to the thickness of annular forging piece
Fixed, concrete mode is as follows:
t=k·d
Wherein, t is soaking time, unit min；
K is coefficient, value range 2.0-2.5min/mm；
D is the thickness of annular forging piece, unit mm；
4. cooling to≤540 DEG C by the way of air-cooled+spraying and then carrying out air-cooled；
Solution heat treatment specific steps in step (8) are as follows:
1. forging is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeps the temperature 3h-8h；
2. being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤60 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 0.5h-1.5h；
3. being warming up to 900 ± 10 DEG C with the rate of≤80 DEG C/h and keeping the temperature 5h-10h；
4. being warming up to forging entity temperature by total power to reach 1060 ± 10 DEG C and keep the temperature t；
t=k·d
Wherein, t is soaking time, unit min；
K is coefficient, value range 2.2-2.8min/mm；
D is the thickness of annular forging piece, unit mm；
5. cooling to≤260 DEG C by the way of water cooling；
It is equal to be deformed in the effective working region of furnace bottom when preventing heating when heating up during solution heat treatment in step (8)
The quantity of cloth holding multiple pieces parallels, parallels meets:
Between adjacent parallels, the chord length of annular forging piece branch pad position is no more than 1500mm；
All parallels are located in the same horizontal plane；On parallels weld right angled triangle locating piece, a right-angle side of locating piece with
The welding of parallels upper surface, positions annular forging piece outer diameter according to thermal expansion coefficient, and expansion clearance a is subject to really according to following formula
It is fixed:
a=λ·D
Wherein, a is expansion clearance, unit mm；
λ is coefficient, and value is determined according to the linear expansion coefficient of corresponding austenitic stainless steel, unit 10-6/℃；
D is the outer diameter of annular forging piece, unit mm；
Parallels is processed after the completion of welding, is levelling, to prevent forging from bending during heating distortion；
In step (8) solution heat treatment process steps 4. after carry out step 5. when, using hoisting fixture to forging carry out heat
State lifting, is lifted from forging outer circle position, and hoisting fixture includes upper cone tip part and lower prismoid section, upper cone tip part and lower frustum
Portion connects to form a complete centrum by annulus, and upper cone tip part includes three or more lanyards above annulus, lanyard top
End, which focuses on, a little forms cone fixed point；Lower prismoid section includes 8-20 lifting rope, and the upper end of lifting rope is separated by 30 ° and is uniformly distributed admittedly
Due to annulus lower surface, the lower end of lifting rope is provided with the suspension hook for being suspended on forging, and lifting rope length is greater than 400mm；
Forging is touched from hoisting fixture, to time≤60s that forging is vertically hung out to furnace, time of horizontal transfer to pond≤
25s, time≤20s of the complete over entry of forging, total time≤105s of hot lifting, surface temperature drop≤50 DEG C；
In step (8) solution heat treatment process steps 5. in water cooling when, be dissolved the quenching sink of rapid cooling, stirred using being configured with
Mix, recycle and the quenching sink of cooling system come out of the stove after cooling, the circulation and cooling system for quenching sink ensure rapid cooling
In the process, water temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, and the stirring system for quenching sink ensures that water when annular forging piece is cooling in quenching sink can be with
Form annular turbulent flow.
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| CN108893684B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2020-05-15 | 中航卓越锻造（无锡）有限公司 | Low-strength martensitic stainless steel ring forging and forging method thereof |
| CN109648266B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-02-08 | 山东腾达紧固科技股份有限公司 | Rectangular adjusting nut machining process |
| CN109735696B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-10-29 | 无锡市法兰锻造有限公司 | A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement |
| CN113334026B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-08-09 | 山西昊坤法兰股份有限公司 | 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N lock ring processing method capable of eliminating deformation and reducing material consumption |
| CN113681239A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-23 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Large annular forging, manufacturing method thereof and reactor support ring |
| CN114645117A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-21 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Heat treatment process for 17-4PH material after forging through nitrogen-controlling alloying |
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| CN102703818A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-03 | 张家港海陆环形锻件有限公司 | Material for overweight ring forging and manufacturing process for ring forging |
| CN103820630B (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2016-04-27 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | The nuclear in-pile component heat treating method of austenitic stainless steel cheese forging |
| CN104195307B (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-06-29 | 东北大学 | A kind of radial ringed milling method of generator guard ring |
| CN104480403B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-01-11 | 上海申江锻造有限公司 | Low-carbon martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel and method of manufacturing impeller forging by using same |
| CN106391982A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 张家港中环海陆特锻股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing impeller locking ring forgings for large wind turbines |
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