CN111926165B - Heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111926165B CN111926165B CN202010813865.5A CN202010813865A CN111926165B CN 111926165 B CN111926165 B CN 111926165B CN 202010813865 A CN202010813865 A CN 202010813865A CN 111926165 B CN111926165 B CN 111926165B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel, which comprises the following steps: step S1: selecting materials; step S2: heating and forming spring bar materials and performing deformation heat treatment; selecting a medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a resistance heating furnace to heat the spring bar; the heating temperature of the first area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 920 +/-10 ℃, and the heating temperature of the second area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 990-1000 ℃; the temperatures of three areas and four areas of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace are both 1000-1020 ℃; the heating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 980-1000 ℃; then the spring bar stock is immersed into the quenching medium for rapid cooling; step S3: heating and controlling temperature; step S4: heating and preserving heat; after the spring bar is hot-rolled and formed, controlling the temperature of the spring to be 760-800 ℃, and carrying out deformation heat treatment by utilizing the residual temperature of the spring; step S5: tempering; the tempering temperature is controlled to be 420 +/-40 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is controlled according to 3 min/mm. The invention ensures the hardenability and hardenability of the 60Si2CrA material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel.
Background
The 60Si2CrA steel is a spring special steel, medium carbon alloy steel, and has the characteristics of high yield strength, high fatigue limit, excellent plasticity, simple quenching process operation and the like.
At present, all the springs processed by hot forming need to be subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment operation, the purpose of the heat treatment of the springs is to meet the working characteristics, namely elasticity, of the springs, the elastic limit and the yield limit of the materials after the heat treatment of the springs are always expected to be as high as possible to ensure the load characteristics and the anti-relaxation characteristics of the springs, so that the yield ratio of the materials after the heat treatment cannot be too low, the springs are generally subjected to medium temperature tempering after quenching, and the metallographic structure is a tempered troostite body, so that a higher yield limit can be obtained, and the anti-relaxation characteristics of the springs are improved. Since our springs are used in a state of being subjected to dynamic loads, they are also required to have certain toughness and fatigue strength, and in any case, the type and load conditions of the springs must be sufficiently considered and analyzed in consideration of the material of the springs and the final heat treatment process.
The spring material selected by the original user spring design is 60Si2MnA, 60Si2CrA is selected by the existing manufacturers according to the machine type spring material with the performance requirement of the products, the material diameter of the spring is selected to be more than phi 50mm, in order to ensure the normal production of the 60Si2CrA material spring, the heat treatment system of the 60Si2CrA is checked according to metal materials and a heat treatment manual, the heat treatment heating temperature of the 60Si2CrA is recommended to be 850-870 ℃ by most of data, a cooling medium is oil, the critical diameter of the 60Si2CrA material spring which can be quenched in medium oil is informed to be phi 45mm, the test is carried out according to the heat treatment parameters recommended by the data, the parameters influencing the hardenability and the hardenability, such as precooling temperature, the medium temperature, the retention time of the spring in the medium and the like, are adjusted according to the experimental results, and the effects are not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel comprises the following steps:
step S1: selecting materials; selecting a 60Si2CrA material spring bar with the material diameter phi of 50 mm-phi 76 mm;
step S2: heating and forming spring bar materials and performing deformation heat treatment; after the spring bar is hot-rolled and formed, controlling the temperature of the spring to be 760-800 ℃, and carrying out deformation heat treatment by utilizing the residual temperature of the spring;
step S3: heating and temperature control requirements; selecting a medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a resistance heating furnace to heat a spring; the medium-frequency induction heating furnace comprises four heating areas, namely a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area, wherein the heating temperature of the first area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 920 +/-10 ℃, and the heating temperature of the second area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 990-1000 ℃; the temperature of a third area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a fourth area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 1000-1020 ℃; the heating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 980-1000 ℃; then the spring is immersed into a quenching medium for rapid cooling;
step S4: heating and preserving heat; the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is a spring heat-preserving section for preserving heat for 4 minutes and then discharging, and the resistance heating furnace is used for indicating the temperature of the furnace to preserve heat for 8 minutes and then discharging;
step S5: tempering; the tempering temperature is controlled to be 420 +/-40 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is controlled according to 3 min/mm.
The method is further characterized in that: in step S3, the quenching medium is single-liquid full water, and the temperature of the quenching medium is controlled at 30-45 ℃; the spring stays in the quenching medium for 25 seconds; the temperature of the spring itself is extracted from the quenching medium at 200 ℃ +/-10 ℃.
The method is further characterized in that: the heat treatment process of the 60Si2CrA spring steel further comprises the step S6: testing the hardness; the design requirement is HRC 48-HRC 52, the actually measured hardness is HRC 48.8-HRC 50.2, and the design requirement is met; metallographic examination and metallographic structure examination are qualified; and (5) testing the depth of the decarburized layer to be qualified.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has the advantages of outstanding effect, cheap and easily available aqueous medium, safe use, easy temperature control and regulation, no environmental pollution in the operation process and greatly improved production efficiency by adopting water as the quenching medium.
2. The invention controls the tempering temperature and the tempering heat preservation time by accurately controlling the heating temperature, the heating time, the precooling temperature, the medium temperature, the stay time of the spring in the medium and the temperature of the discharged medium, finally ensures the hardenability and the hardenability of the 60Si2CrA spring, and controls and solves the problems of quenching cracking and deformation.
3. The invention improves the operation environment, eliminates the discharge of three wastes and obtains good economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the thermoforming and heat treatment quenching temperatures of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of tempering temperature.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 4-grade coarse tempered troostite obtained after an oil quenching process.
Fig. 5 is a table of the hardness of the spring bar after the oil quenching process.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the fine tempered troostite of grade 2 obtained after the water quenching process.
Fig. 7 is a table of spring bar hardness after water quenching process.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific embodiment of the present embodiment with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention. As shown in figure 1, the heat treatment process of the 60Si2CrA spring steel comprises the following steps:
step S1: and (4) selecting materials. Selecting a 60Si2CrA material spring bar with the material diameter phi of 50 mm-76 mm.
Step S2: heating and forming spring bar and performing deformation heat treatment. After the spring bar is hot-rolled and formed, the temperature of the spring is controlled to be 760-800 ℃, and the residual temperature of the spring is utilized to carry out deformation heat treatment.
Step S3: and (5) heating and temperature control requirements. The spring is heated by a medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a resistance heating furnace. The medium-frequency induction heating furnace comprises four heating areas, namely a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area, wherein the heating temperature of the first area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 920 +/-10 ℃, and the heating temperature of the second area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 990-1000 ℃. The temperature of three zones of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace and the temperature of four zones of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace are 1000-1020 ℃. The heating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 980-1000 ℃. Then the spring is immersed in a quenching medium for rapid cooling.
Step S4: and (5) heating and heat preservation requirements. The medium-frequency induction heating furnace is a spring heat-preserving section for preserving heat for 4 minutes and then discharging, and the resistance heating furnace is used for indicating the furnace temperature to preserve heat for 8 minutes and then discharging.
Step S5: and (6) tempering. The tempering temperature is controlled to be 420 +/-40 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is controlled according to 3 min/mm.
Step S6: and (6) testing the hardness. The design requirement is HRC 48-HRC 52, the actual measurement hardness is HRC 48.8-HRC 50.2, and the design requirement is met. And (5) metallographic examination and metallographic structure examination are qualified. And (4) decarburizing layers, namely ferrite and transition layers, and performing depth inspection to be qualified.
Example 1:
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 4-grade coarse tempered troostite obtained after an oil quenching process, and fig. 4 is a spring bar hardness table after the oil quenching process. With reference to fig. 3 and 4, a heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel includes the following steps:
step S1: and (4) selecting materials. Selecting a 60Si2CrA spring bar material with the material diameter phi of 50 mm.
Step S2: heating and forming spring bar and performing deformation heat treatment. After the spring bar is hot-rolled and formed, the temperature of the spring is controlled to be 760-800 ℃, and the residual temperature of the spring is utilized to carry out deformation heat treatment.
Step S3: and (5) heating and temperature control requirements. The spring is heated by a medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a resistance heating furnace. The medium-frequency induction heating furnace comprises four heating areas, namely a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area, wherein the heating temperature of the first area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 920 +/-10 ℃, and the heating temperature of the second area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 990-1000 ℃. The temperature of three zones of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace and the temperature of four zones of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace are 1000-1020 ℃. The heating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 980-1000 ℃. Then the spring is immersed in a quenching medium for rapid cooling. In the embodiment, the quenching medium is mineral oil, when the temperature of the spring is 770 ℃ and the temperature of the mineral oil is 30-45 ℃, the spring is quenched into the medium and stays in the mineral oil for 25 seconds, and when the temperature of the spring is 200 ℃, the spring is extracted from the mineral oil, so that the quenching treatment process is completed.
Step S4: and (5) heating and heat preservation requirements. The medium-frequency induction heating furnace is a spring heat-preserving section for preserving heat for 4 minutes and then discharging, and the resistance heating furnace is used for indicating the furnace temperature to preserve heat for 8 minutes and then discharging.
Step S5: and (6) tempering. After quenching, the spring is conveyed to a continuous tempering furnace through a conveyor belt, the tempering temperature is set to be 420-430 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is 180 s.
Step S6: and (6) testing the hardness. The hardness of the outer surface to the core is actually measured to be HRC 48.8-HRC 50.2, and the design requirement is met. And (5) passing a metallographic structure by metallographic examination. The depth of the decarburized layer is qualified. After the spring is treated by setting, the residual deformation is in the ideal change range, and finally the surface coating is carried out by the procedures of oxygen cutting of end face, spring grinding, shot blasting, magnetic powder inspection, load test and the like.
Example 2:
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a level 2 fine tempered troostite obtained after a water quenching process, and fig. 6 is a spring bar hardness table after the water quenching process. With reference to fig. 5 and 6, a heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel includes the following steps:
step S1: and (4) selecting materials. Selecting a 60Si2CrA spring bar material with the material diameter phi of 50 mm.
Step S2: heating and forming spring bar and performing deformation heat treatment. After the spring bar is hot-rolled and formed, the temperature of the spring is controlled to be 760-800 ℃, and the residual temperature of the spring is utilized to carry out deformation heat treatment.
Step S3: and (5) heating and temperature control requirements. The spring is heated by a medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a resistance heating furnace. The medium-frequency induction heating furnace comprises four heating areas, namely a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area, wherein the heating temperature of the first area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 920 +/-10 ℃, and the heating temperature of the second area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 990-1000 ℃. The temperature of three zones of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace and the temperature of four zones of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace are 1000-1020 ℃. The heating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 980-1000 ℃. Then the spring is immersed in a quenching medium for rapid cooling. In the embodiment, the quenching medium is single-liquid full water, when the temperature of the spring is 770 ℃ and the temperature of the mineral oil is 30-45 ℃, the spring is quenched into the medium and stays in the mineral oil for 25 seconds, and when the temperature of the spring is 200 ℃, the spring is extracted from the mineral oil, so that the quenching treatment process is completed.
Step S4: and (5) heating and heat preservation requirements. The medium-frequency induction heating furnace is a spring heat-preserving section for preserving heat for 4 minutes and then discharging, and the resistance heating furnace is used for indicating the furnace temperature to preserve heat for 8 minutes and then discharging.
Step S5: and (6) tempering. After quenching, the spring is conveyed to a continuous tempering furnace through a conveyor belt, the tempering temperature is set to be 420-430 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is 180 s.
Step S6: and (6) testing the hardness. The hardness of the outer surface to the core is actually measured to be HRC 48.8-HRC 50.2, and the design requirement is met. And (5) passing a metallographic structure by metallographic examination. The depth of the decarburized layer is qualified. After the spring is treated by setting, the residual deformation is in the ideal change range, and finally the surface coating is carried out by the procedures of oxygen cutting of end face, spring grinding, shot blasting, magnetic powder inspection, load test and the like.
As is clear from examples 1 and 2, the quenching medium is preferably a single liquid of water. When single-liquid full water is used as a quenching medium, the tempering temperature and the tempering heat preservation time are controlled by controlling the heating temperature, the heating time, the cooling temperature, the medium temperature, the retention time of the spring in the medium and the medium outlet temperature, so that the hardenability and the hardenability of the 60Si2CrA material are finally ensured, the problems of quenching cracking and deformation are controlled and solved, and the working environment is improved.
The foregoing description is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims, which may be modified in any manner without departing from the basic structure thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: selecting materials; selecting a 60Si2CrA material spring bar with the material diameter phi of 50 mm-phi 76 mm;
step S2: heating and forming spring bar materials and performing deformation heat treatment; after the spring bar is hot-rolled and formed, controlling the temperature of the spring to be 760-800 ℃, and carrying out deformation heat treatment by utilizing the residual temperature of the spring;
step S3: heating and temperature control requirements; selecting a medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a resistance heating furnace to heat a spring; the medium-frequency induction heating furnace comprises four heating areas, namely a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area, wherein the heating temperature of the first area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 920 +/-10 ℃, and the heating temperature of the second area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 990-1000 ℃; the temperature of a third area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace and a fourth area of the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is 1000-1020 ℃; the heating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 980-1000 ℃; then the spring is immersed into a quenching medium for rapid cooling; the quenching medium is single liquid full water;
step S4: heating and preserving heat; the medium-frequency induction heating furnace is a spring heat-preserving section for preserving heat for 4 minutes and then discharging, and the resistance heating furnace is used for indicating the temperature of the furnace to preserve heat for 8 minutes and then discharging;
step S5: tempering; the tempering temperature is controlled to be 420 +/-40 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is controlled according to 3 min/mm.
2. The heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the quenching medium is single-liquid full water, and the temperature of the quenching medium is controlled at 30-45 ℃; the spring stays in the quenching medium for 25 seconds; the temperature of the spring itself is extracted from the quenching medium at 200 ℃ +/-10 ℃.
3. The heat treatment process of 60Si2CrA spring steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat treatment process of the 60Si2CrA spring steel further comprises the step S6: testing the hardness; the design requirement is HRC 48-HRC 52, the actually measured hardness is HRC 48.8-HRC 50.2, and the design requirement is met; metallographic examination and metallographic structure examination are qualified; and (5) testing the depth of the decarburized layer to be qualified.
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| CN114774640B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-11-17 | 东南大学 | Preparation method of high-performance oil quenching spring steel wire |
| CN115612795A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-01-17 | 海安东洋弹簧有限公司 | 50CrVA material heat treatment quenching process and application thereof |
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| CN101125402A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2008-02-20 | 大连弹簧有限公司 | Method for processing heat coiling spring whose spring wire diameter is 90 millimeter |
| CN101134994A (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2008-03-05 | 长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Spring steel quenching medium water-based hardening liquid heat treating process |
| CN101597680A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 贵州大学 | Train 60Si2CrVA steel spring goods quenching-distribution thermal treatment process |
| WO2016034318A1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-03-10 | ThyssenKrupp Federn und Stabilisatoren GmbH | Method for producing hot-formed steel springs |
| CN108723718A (en) * | 2018-06-02 | 2018-11-02 | 江苏翔鹰五金弹簧有限公司 | The processing method for the hot coiling spring that wire diameter is 90 millimeters |
| CN111349773A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-30 | 无锡市东亭新强弹簧厂 | Spring heat treatment process |
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2020
- 2020-08-13 CN CN202010813865.5A patent/CN111926165B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1108699A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1995-09-20 | 铁道部沈阳桥梁工厂 | Heat treatment for steel spring-strip |
| CN101134994A (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2008-03-05 | 长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Spring steel quenching medium water-based hardening liquid heat treating process |
| CN101125402A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2008-02-20 | 大连弹簧有限公司 | Method for processing heat coiling spring whose spring wire diameter is 90 millimeter |
| CN101597680A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2009-12-09 | 贵州大学 | Train 60Si2CrVA steel spring goods quenching-distribution thermal treatment process |
| WO2016034318A1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-03-10 | ThyssenKrupp Federn und Stabilisatoren GmbH | Method for producing hot-formed steel springs |
| CN108723718A (en) * | 2018-06-02 | 2018-11-02 | 江苏翔鹰五金弹簧有限公司 | The processing method for the hot coiling spring that wire diameter is 90 millimeters |
| CN111349773A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-30 | 无锡市东亭新强弹簧厂 | Spring heat treatment process |
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