CN107744550A - 一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于兽药领域,特别涉及一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物;包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑15~25、生山栀15~25、瓜狼毒6~8、观辣树皮12~18、土荆皮10~20、杜牛膝2~8、烟草3~5、胡桃枝8~12、丝瓜藤12~18、毛木通12~18、望月砂3~8、复合氨基酸8~12、复合菌8~12;本发明的组合物,对中华鲟车轮虫病具有显著的防治效果,对中华鲟车轮虫病的平均治愈率在95%以上,有效将车轮虫病发病率降低至0.8%以下,能有效灭杀感染中华鲟车轮虫病的虫卵,提高中华鲟的应激力,提高中华鲟自身的免疫抵抗力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药领域,特别涉及一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
中华鲟,学名苏氏圆腹鱼芒(Pangasiushypophthalmus),又称巴丁鱼,隶属于硬骨纲,鲶形目,鱼芒科,圆腹鱼芒属,是生长在东南亚湄公河流域的重要经济鱼类,生长快、抗病性强、耐低氧、无肌间刺、营养价值高,有黑、白和灰三种体色,观赏价值高,其幼鱼常被作为观赏鱼出售,属于中小型淡水经济鱼类,因商业及外形相似的原因,2005年在我国南部沿海地区推广时,被称为中华鲟。该鱼目前在广东、广西、海南等南方省份养殖较多,是我国较好的淡水养殖品种。水体交叉污染会导致中华鲟患“绝症”——车轮虫病,凡是饲养过中华鲟的养殖人员几乎都有过因车轮虫病泛滥而导致中华鲟大批死亡的经历。
车轮虫病是目前养鱼生产中比较流行和危害较大的一种鱼病,全国各地的养鱼区均有发生,每年使渔业生产遭受较大损失,致使鱼类发生车轮虫病的虫体主要寄生在鱼体的表皮、鳍条及鳃丝等和水体相接触的表面部分,主要是寄生在鱼类的鳃部,虫体以宿主的皮肤和鳃组织作营养,组织受刺激分泌过多黏液,严重时使鳃组织溃烂,影响鱼的呼吸和正常活动。感染车轮虫的病鱼,体色发黑,摄食不良,体质瘦弱,离群独游,游动缓慢,有的又成群围绕池边狂游,呈“跑马”状。有时可见鱼体表发白,鱼鳃上黏液分泌物变多,有的鱼体局部会发生变白的状况,鱼体鳃丝上皮组织发生增生,鳃丝组织产生肿胀或被破坏等情况,当大量寄生车轮虫时,严重影响鱼鳃的正常呼吸和活动,致使鱼类窒息死亡。
一般预防是采用生石灰或漂白粉或硫酸铜溶液或高锰酸钾溶液清塘进行处理,治疗是采用硫酸铜溶液或硫酸亚铁合剂或敌百虫等进行治疗,从预防和或治疗方法来看,采用的试剂均由不同程度的毒害,且实际养殖过程中,对车轮虫病的防治效果不是很明显,且还会使得车轮虫产生抗体,增大防治的难度,同时,采用的试剂均会不同程度的对养殖的鱼类产生毒害以及对水体产生污染。
目前中草药饲料组合物具有药源广泛、高效、抗药性不显著、毒副作用小等优点,在防治鱼病中,除了兼有药性和营养性外,还具有提高水产动物生产性能和饲料利用率的功效,所以越来越受到重视,应用也日益广泛,所以,鉴于中草药的一系列特点,将中草药运用在中华鲟车轮虫病的防治上是具有积极意义的,如申请号200910185251.0《防治车轮虫病的中药》公开了一种防治车轮虫病的中药,其组分重量份数配比为苦楝树根、树皮或枝叶60-80,菖蒲根茎10-30,和甜菜碱5-10,将上述组分干燥、粉碎后与黄土按一定比例混合,制成带孔长方体药砖备用。但是从现有的专利与论文来看,针对鱼类车轮虫病的中草药组合物的报道还相对较少,且由于配方的不合理使得目前的中药药物治疗效果不是很理想,治愈率很低,且针对中华鲟车轮虫病的中药组合物还未见报道,严重制约了水产品的发展,鉴于此,本发明针对中华鲟车轮虫病的致病特点,开发具有广谱杀菌灭虫的中药组合物,改善中华鲟车轮虫病目前的防治效果,降低发病率,提高治愈率,有效促进水产品养殖业的健康发展。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供了一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物及其制备方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑 15~25、生山栀15~25、瓜狼毒6~8、观辣树皮12~18、土荆皮10~20、杜牛膝2~8、烟草3~5、胡桃枝8~12、丝瓜藤12~18、毛木通12~18、望月砂3~8、复合氨基酸8~12、复合菌8~12。
包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑20、生山栀20、瓜狼毒7、观辣树皮15、土荆皮15、杜牛膝5、烟草4、胡桃枝10、丝瓜藤15、毛木通15、望月砂5、复合氨基酸8、复合菌12。
所述的复合氨基酸,是将半胱氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸按0.1~0.3:0.8~1.2: 0.4~0.6的质量比混合制得。
所述的复合菌,是将酵母菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌按0.4~0.6: 0.1~0.3:0.6~0.8的质量比混合制得。
所述的组合物为液态剂。
在预防时,将制备的液态剂按38~42kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中,治疗时,将制备的液态剂按100~150kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中即可。
所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,是将芜荑、生山栀、瓜狼毒、观辣树皮、土荆皮、杜牛膝、烟草、胡桃枝、丝瓜藤、毛木通和望月砂按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮80~100min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,超声处理,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮30~40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合菌混合,拌匀即可。
所述的超声处理,超声频率为75~85KHz,超声时间8~12min。
综上所述,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的组合物,对中华鲟车轮虫病具有显著的防治效果,对中华鲟车轮虫病的平均治愈率在95%以上,有效将车轮虫病发病率降低至0.8%以下,能有效灭杀感染中华鲟车轮虫病的虫卵,提高中华鲟的应激力,提高中华鲟自身的免疫抵抗力,有效改善了中华鲟车轮虫病的防治效果,对提高水产品生产性能、减少经济损失、促进水产品养殖业持续健康发展发挥了极其重要的意义。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑15kg、生山栀15kg、瓜狼毒6kg、观辣树皮12kg、土荆皮10kg、杜牛膝2kg、烟草3kg、胡桃枝8kg、丝瓜藤12kg、毛木通12kg、望月砂3kg、复合氨基酸8kg、复合菌 8kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将半胱氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸按0.1:0.8:0.4的质量比混合制得;所述的复合菌,是将酵母菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌按 0.4:0.1:0.6的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,是将芜荑、生山栀、瓜狼毒、观辣树皮、土荆皮、杜牛膝、烟草、胡桃枝、丝瓜藤、毛木通和望月砂按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮80min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,在75KHz的频率下,超声处理8min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮30min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合菌混合,拌匀即可。
实施例2
一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑25kg、生山栀25kg、瓜狼毒8kg、观辣树皮18kg、土荆皮20kg、杜牛膝8kg、烟草5kg、胡桃枝12kg、丝瓜藤18kg、毛木通18kg、望月砂8kg、复合氨基酸12kg、复合菌12kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将半胱氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸按0.3:1.2:0.6 的质量比混合制得;所述的复合菌,是将酵母菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌按0.6:0.3:0.8的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,是将芜荑、生山栀、瓜狼毒、观辣树皮、土荆皮、杜牛膝、烟草、胡桃枝、丝瓜藤、毛木通和望月砂按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮100min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,在85KHz的频率下,超声处理12min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合菌混合,拌匀即可。
实施例3
一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑20kg、生山栀20kg、瓜狼毒7kg、观辣树皮15kg、土荆皮15kg、杜牛膝5kg、烟草4kg、胡桃枝10kg、丝瓜藤15kg、毛木通15kg、望月砂5kg、复合氨基酸8kg、复合菌12kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将半胱氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸按0.2:1:0.5 的质量比混合制得;所述的复合菌,是将酵母菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌按0.5:0.2:0.7的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,是将芜荑、生山栀、瓜狼毒、观辣树皮、土荆皮、杜牛膝、烟草、胡桃枝、丝瓜藤、毛木通和望月砂按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮90min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,在80KHz的频率下,超声处理10min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮35min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合菌混合,拌匀即可。
实施例4
一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑15kg、生山栀25kg、瓜狼毒6kg、观辣树皮18kg、土荆皮10kg、杜牛膝8kg、烟草3kg、胡桃枝12kg、丝瓜藤12kg、毛木通18kg、望月砂3kg、复合氨基酸12kg、复合菌8kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将半胱氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸按0.1:1.2:0.4 的质量比混合制得;所述的复合菌,是将酵母菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌按0.4:0.3:0.6的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,是将芜荑、生山栀、瓜狼毒、观辣树皮、土荆皮、杜牛膝、烟草、胡桃枝、丝瓜藤、毛木通和望月砂按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮80min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,在85KHz的频率下,超声处理8min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合菌混合,拌匀即可。
实施例5
一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑25kg、生山栀15kg、瓜狼毒8kg、观辣树皮12kg、土荆皮20kg、杜牛膝8kg、烟草3kg、胡桃枝12kg、丝瓜藤12kg、毛木通18kg、望月砂3kg、复合氨基酸12kg、复合菌8kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将半胱氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸按0.3:0.8:~0.6 的质量比混合制得;所述的复合菌,是将酵母菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌按0.6:0.1:0.8的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,是将芜荑、生山栀、瓜狼毒、观辣树皮、土荆皮、杜牛膝、烟草、胡桃枝、丝瓜藤、毛木通和望月砂按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮100min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,在85KHz的频率下,超声处理8min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合菌混合,拌匀即可。
实验例
1、毒性试验:
1.1、药物:采用实施例1~5的任一组合物。
1.2、试验对象:选取身体状况健康的小白鼠100只,雌雄各半,体重10-15g,在人工照明12h、通风条件良好情况下饲养观察3d,随机分为2组,其中一组为空白对照试组,给药前12h和给药后4小时禁止进食,但不禁水。
1.3、方法:3d过后,除了空白组,对另外一组小白鼠灌服剂量为0.01ml/g、的实施例1~5的任一组合物,观察7d。
1.4、结果:连续观察7d,全部小白鼠均健活且全部小白鼠的精神、食欲、分泌物、呼吸、眼等方面均未观察到异常,将实验小鼠和对照组小鼠经剖解后,各组织器官无明显感官不同,取心、肝、脾、肺、肾及肠作病理切片也无明显不同,增大剂量,同样的方法灌服实施例1~5的任一组合物,全部小鼠仍然健活,且与对照组比较无异常,说明该组合物对小鼠安全无毒。
2、随机选取若干个中华鲟养殖池,随机分为5组,采用日常管理方式进行喂养,采用相同的管理模式,不同之处在于,在5组中华鲟养殖池中分别添加本发明实施例1~5的制备的组合物,对中华鲟的车轮虫病的发病率,以及发病后服用药物的治疗情况进行统计,以治愈率进行表示,治愈率表示完全治愈,恢复到发病前的状态,预防时,将制备的液态剂按38~42kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中,治疗时,将制备的液态剂按100~150kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中即可,选取的中华鲟的数量足够多,实验时间为3个月,结果如表1所示;
表1
项目 | 车轮虫病发病率% | 治愈率% |
实施例1 | 0.82 | 95.6 |
实施例2 | 0.85 | 95.1 |
实施例3 | 0.78 | 95.8 |
实施例4 | 0.83 | 95.3 |
实施例5 | 0.80 | 95.5 |
Claims (8)
1.一种防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,其特征在于,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑15~25、生山栀15~25、瓜狼毒6~8、观辣树皮12~18、土荆皮10~20、杜牛膝2~8、烟草3~5、胡桃枝8~12、丝瓜藤12~18、毛木通12~18、望月砂3~8、复合氨基酸8~12、复合菌8~12。
2.如权利要求1所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,其特征在于,包括以下按重量份计的原料:芜荑20、生山栀20、瓜狼毒7、观辣树皮15、土荆皮15、杜牛膝5、烟草4、胡桃枝10、丝瓜藤15、毛木通15、望月砂5、复合氨基酸8、复合菌12。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,其特征在于,所述的复合氨基酸,是将半胱氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸按0.1~0.3:0.8~1.2:0.4~0.6的质量比混合制得。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,其特征在于,所述的复合菌,是将酵母菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌按0.4~0.6:0.1~0.3:0.6~0.8的质量比混合制得。
5.如权利要求1所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物为液态剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病的组合物,其特征在于,在预防时,将制备的液态剂按38~42kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中,治疗时,将制备的液态剂按100~150kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中即可。
7.如权利要求1所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,是将芜荑、生山栀、瓜狼毒、观辣树皮、土荆皮、杜牛膝、烟草、胡桃枝、丝瓜藤、毛木通和望月砂按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮80~100min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,超声处理,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮30~40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合菌混合,拌匀即可。
8.如权利要求7所述的防治中华鲟车轮虫病组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的超声处理,超声频率为75~85KHz,超声时间8~12min。
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