CN107669960A - 一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107669960A
CN107669960A CN201711028878.6A CN201711028878A CN107669960A CN 107669960 A CN107669960 A CN 107669960A CN 201711028878 A CN201711028878 A CN 201711028878A CN 107669960 A CN107669960 A CN 107669960A
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saprolegniasis
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梁丽君
潘翠莹
邹传龙
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Abstract

本发明属于兽药领域,特别涉及一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物;包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草15~25、木耳粉15~25、白花蛇舌草6~8、大蓟12~18、桑寄生10~20、高良姜2~8、荔枝草3~5、白屈菜8~12、扛板归12~18、大叶桉叶12~18、海粉3~8、复合氨基酸6~8、复合维生素8~12;本发明的组合物,对泥鳅水霉病具有显著的防治效果,对泥鳅水霉病的平均治愈率在91%以上,有效将水霉病发病率降低至3.5%以下,能有效灭杀感染泥鳅水霉病的病原菌,提高泥鳅的应激力,提高泥鳅自身的免疫抵抗力,有效改善了泥鳅水霉病的防治效果。

Description

一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于兽药领域,特别涉及一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
泥鳅被称为“水中之参”,生活在湖池,是营养价值很高的一种鱼,它和其它的鱼不相同,无论外表,体形,生活习性都不同,是一种特殊的鳅类,泥鳅含脂肪成分较低,胆固醇更少,高蛋白低脂肪食品,含一种类似廿碳戊烯酸的不饱和脂肪酸,有利人体抗血管衰老,有益于老年人及心血管病人,泥鳅体内还含有丰富的核苷,核苷是各种疫苗的主要成份,能提高身体抗病毒能力,泥鳅鱼含优质蛋白质、脂肪、维生素A、维生素B1、烟酸、铁、磷、钙等。其味甘,性平,有补中益气、养肾生精功效。对调节性功能有较好的作用。成年男子常食泥鳅可滋补强身。味甘性平,有暖中益气、清利小便、解毒收痔之功效。泥鳅肉质细嫩,营养价值很高,其滑涎有抗菌消炎的作用。可治湿热黄疸、小便不利、病后盗汗等症。
水霉病,俗称水绵病、白毛病、肤霉病,常感染水产的受伤组织及死卵,形成灰白色如棉絮状的覆盖物,当发现水霉症状时水霉已经从身体伤口侵入体内并在体外形成白色棉絮物。菌丝在繁殖过程中,将分泌大量的蛋白质水解酶、分解酶等物质,病鱼焦躁不安,成群在塘边游动,有与其他固体物磨擦现象,然后患处肌肉腐烂、发红,病鱼行动迟缓,食欲减退,最终死亡。
一般是采用抗生素、杀菌剂等药剂进行预防和治疗,从预防和或治疗方法来看,采用的药剂均有不同程度的毒害,且实际养殖过程中,对水霉病的防治效果不是很明显,同时,采用的药剂均会不同程度的对养殖的鱼类产生毒害以及对水体产生污染。
目前中草药饲料组合物具有药源广泛、高效、抗药性不显著、毒副作用小等优点,在防治鱼病中,除了兼有药性和营养性外,还具有提高水产动物生产性能和饲料利用率的功效,所以越来越受到重视,应用也日益广泛,所以,鉴于中草药的一系列特点,将中草药运用在泥鳅水霉病的防治上是具有积极意义的,如申请号201710126215.1《一种防治鱼类水霉病的组合物》公开了一种防治鱼类水霉病的组合物,其特征在于由以下重量份的原料制成:甘草8~12份、牡丹皮5~8份、土荆皮5~8份、皂角刺8~12份、薄荷3~6份、柴胡8~12份、夏枯草6~10份、知母2~5份、酸枣仁2~5份、秦皮6~10份。但是从现有的专利与论文来看,针对鱼类水霉病的中草药组合物的报道还相对较少,且由于配方的不合理使得目前的中药药物治疗效果不是很理想,治愈率很低,且针对泥鳅水霉病的中药组合物还未见报道,严重制约了水产品的发展,鉴于此,本发明针对泥鳅水霉病的致病特点,开发具有广谱杀菌的中药组合物,改善泥鳅水霉病目前的防治效果,降低发病率,提高治愈率,有效促进水产品养殖业的健康发展。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供了一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物及其制备方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草15~25、木耳粉15~25、白花蛇舌草6~8、大蓟12~18、桑寄生10~20、高良姜2~8、荔枝草3~5、白屈菜8~12、扛板归12~18、大叶桉叶12~18、海粉3~8、复合氨基酸6~8、复合维生素8~12。
包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草20、木耳粉20、白花蛇舌草7、大蓟15、桑寄生15、高良姜8、荔枝草4、白屈菜10、扛板归18、大叶桉叶15、海粉5、复合氨基酸7、复合维生素10。
所述的复合氨基酸,是将苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺和精氨酸按0.4~0.8:0.1~0.3:0.8~1.2:0.3~0.5的质量比混合制得。
所述的复合维生素,是将维生素A、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸按0.25~0.35:0.18~0.22:0.32~0.38:0.48~0.52的质量比混合制得。
所述的组合物为液态剂。
在预防时,将制备的液态剂按40~50kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中,治疗时,将制备的液态剂按80~120kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中即可。
所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,是将仙鹤草、木耳粉、白花蛇舌草、大蓟、桑寄生、高良姜、荔枝草、白屈菜、扛板归、大叶桉叶和海粉按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮40~50min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,超声处理,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮30~40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合维生素混合,拌匀即可。
所述的超声处理,超声频率为75~85KHz,超声时间8~12min。
所述的乙醇,浓度≥80%。
综上所述,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的组合物,对泥鳅水霉病具有显著的防治效果,对泥鳅水霉病的平均治愈率在91%以上,有效将水霉病发病率降低至3.5%以下,能有效灭杀感染泥鳅水霉病的病原菌,提高泥鳅的应激力,提高泥鳅自身的免疫抵抗力,有效改善了泥鳅水霉病的防治效果,对提高水产品生产性能、减少经济损失、促进水产品养殖业持续健康发展发挥了极其重要的意义。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草15kg、木耳粉15kg、白花蛇舌草6kg、大蓟12kg、桑寄生10kg、高良姜2kg、荔枝草3kg、白屈菜8kg、扛板归12kg、大叶桉叶12kg、海粉3kg、复合氨基酸6kg、复合维生素8kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺和精氨酸按0.4∶0.1∶0.8∶0.3的质量比混合制得;所述的复合维生素,是将维生素A、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸按0.25∶0.18∶0.32∶0.48的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,是将仙鹤草、木耳粉、白花蛇舌草、大蓟、桑寄生、高良姜、荔枝草、白屈菜、扛板归、大叶桉叶和海粉按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮40min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量浓度≥80%的乙醇,在75KHz的频率下,超声处理8min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮30min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合维生素混合,拌匀即可。
实施例2
一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草25kg、木耳粉25kg、白花蛇舌草8kg、大蓟18kg、桑寄生20kg、高良姜8kg、荔枝草5kg、白屈菜12kg、扛板归18kg、大叶桉叶18kg、海粉8kg、复合氨基酸8kg、复合维生素12kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺和精氨酸按0.8∶0.3∶1.2∶0.5的质量比混合制得;所述的复合维生素,是将维生素A、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸按0.35∶0.22∶0.38∶0.52的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,是将仙鹤草、木耳粉、白花蛇舌草、大蓟、桑寄生、高良姜、荔枝草、白屈菜、扛板归、大叶桉叶和海粉按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮50min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量浓度≥80%的乙醇,在85KHz的频率下,超声处理12min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合维生素混合,拌匀即可。
实施例3
一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草20kg、木耳粉20kg、白花蛇舌草7kg、大蓟15kg、桑寄生15kg、高良姜8kg、荔枝草4kg、白屈菜10kg、扛板归18kg、大叶桉叶15kg、海粉5kg、复合氨基酸7kg、复合维生素10kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺和精氨酸按0.6∶0.2∶1∶0.4的质量比混合制得;所述的复合维生素,是将维生素A、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸按0.3∶0.2∶0.35∶0.5的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,是将仙鹤草、木耳粉、白花蛇舌草、大蓟、桑寄生、高良姜、荔枝草、白屈菜、扛板归、大叶桉叶和海粉按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮45min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量浓度≥80%的乙醇,在80KHz的频率下,超声处理10min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮35min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合维生素混合,拌匀即可。
实施例4
一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草15kg、木耳粉25kg、白花蛇舌草6kg、大蓟18kg、桑寄生10kg、高良姜8kg、荔枝草3kg、白屈菜12kg、扛板归12kg、大叶桉叶18kg、海粉3kg、复合氨基酸8kg、复合维生素8kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺和精氨酸按0.4∶0.3∶0.8∶0.5的质量比混合制得;所述的复合维生素,是将维生素A、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸按0.25∶0.22∶0.32∶0.52的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,是将仙鹤草、木耳粉、白花蛇舌草、大蓟、桑寄生、高良姜、荔枝草、白屈菜、扛板归、大叶桉叶和海粉按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮40min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量浓度≥80%的乙醇,在85KHz的频率下,超声处理8min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合维生素混合,拌匀即可。
实施例5
一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草25kg、木耳粉15kg、白花蛇舌草8kg、大蓟12kg、桑寄生20kg、高良姜2kg、荔枝草5kg、白屈菜8kg、扛板归18kg、大叶桉叶12kg、海粉8kg、复合氨基酸6kg、复合维生素12kg;所述的复合氨基酸,是将苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺和精氨酸按0.8∶0.1∶1.2∶0.5的质量比混合制得;所述的复合维生素,是将维生素A、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸按0.35∶0.18∶0.38∶0.48的质量比混合制得。
所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,是将仙鹤草、木耳粉、白花蛇舌草、大蓟、桑寄生、高良姜、荔枝草、白屈菜、扛板归、大叶桉叶和海粉按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮50min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量浓度≥80%的乙醇,在75KHz的频率下,超声处理12min,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮30min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合维生素混合,拌匀即可。
1、随机选取若干个泥鳅养殖池,随机分为5组,采用日常管理方式进行喂养,采用相同的管理模式,不同之处在于,在5组泥鳅养殖池中分别添加本发明实施例1~5的制备的组合物,对泥鳅的水霉病的发病率,以及发病后服用药物的治疗情况进行统计,以治愈率进行表示,治愈率表示完全治愈,恢复到发病前的状态,预防时,将制备的液态剂按40~50kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中,治疗时,将制备的液态剂按80~120kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中即可,选取的泥鳅的数量足够多,实验时间为3个月,结果如表1所示;
表1

Claims (9)

1.一种防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,其特征在于,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草15~25、木耳粉15~25、白花蛇舌草6~8、大蓟12~18、桑寄生10~20、高良姜2~8、荔枝草3~5、白屈菜8~12、扛板归12~18、大叶桉叶12~18、海粉3~8、复合氨基酸6~8、复合维生素8~12。
2.如权利要求1所述的防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,其特征在于,包括以下按重量份计的原料:仙鹤草20、木耳粉20、白花蛇舌草7、大蓟15、桑寄生15、高良姜8、荔枝草4、白屈菜10、扛板归18、大叶桉叶15、海粉5、复合氨基酸7、复合维生素10。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,其特征在于,所述的复合氨基酸,是将苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酰胺和精氨酸按0.4~0.8:0.1~0.3:0.8~1.2:0.3~0.5的质量比混合制得。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,其特征在于,所述的复合维生素,是将维生素A、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸按0.25~0.35:0.18~0.22:0.32~0.38:0.48~0.52的质量比混合制得。
5.如权利要求1所述的防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物为液态剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的防治泥鳅水霉病的组合物,其特征在于,在预防时,将制备的液态剂按40~50kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中,治疗时,将制备的液态剂按80~120kg/亩的量喷洒在养殖池中即可。
7.如权利要求1所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,是将仙鹤草、木耳粉、白花蛇舌草、大蓟、桑寄生、高良姜、荔枝草、白屈菜、扛板归、大叶桉叶和海粉按配方量称取,洗净后,粉碎,加入所述粉碎料质量的2~3倍的水,加热煎煮40~50min,再加入所述粉碎料质量的5倍量的乙醇,超声处理,再静置3~5h,回收乙醇后,将剩余料加热熬煮30~40min,过滤,取滤液,再将滤渣加水重复熬煮两次,将三次的滤液合并,浓缩后与配方量的复合氨基酸、复合维生素混合,拌匀即可。
8.如权利要求7所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的超声处理,超声频率为75~85KHz,超声时间8~12min。
9.如权利要求7所述的防治泥鳅水霉病组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的乙醇,浓度≥80%。
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