CN107733817B - Method, device, terminal and base station for estimating arrival angle - Google Patents

Method, device, terminal and base station for estimating arrival angle Download PDF

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CN107733817B
CN107733817B CN201610657866.9A CN201610657866A CN107733817B CN 107733817 B CN107733817 B CN 107733817B CN 201610657866 A CN201610657866 A CN 201610657866A CN 107733817 B CN107733817 B CN 107733817B
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channel response
angle
domain channel
estimation
arrival
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CN107733817A (en
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吴昊
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ZTE Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/022—Channel estimation of frequency response

Abstract

The invention provides a method, a device, a terminal and a base station for estimating an arrival angle, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring time domain channel response of a communication channel; calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response; and constructing a cost function taking the angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result. The method for estimating the arrival angle can accurately estimate the arrival angle under the condition of multipath, reduce the estimation error of the arrival angle and improve the transmission performance of a communication system.

Description

Method, device, terminal and base station for estimating arrival angle
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a terminal, and a base station for estimating an angle of arrival.
Background
Among the many wireless communication technologies, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most promising technologies. In recent years, due to the rapid development of Digital signal processing technology, OFDM has been widely used as a High-speed transmission technology with High spectrum utilization and good multipath resistance, and has been successfully applied to Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), High Definition Television (HDTV), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN).
The OFDM system adopts array antennas in antenna parts, the directional diagram of the antennas can be changed by adjusting the weighting coefficient of each antenna, so that the wave beam points to the arrival direction of a user, the zero point is aligned with an interference signal, the automatic tracking of the wave beam to the user is realized, the gain of the antennas is improved, and the transmission of wireless signals is more effective. However, the implementation of such a directional function is based on the accurate positioning of the arrival direction of the user terminal signal, and if the estimation error of the arrival angle is too large, the above-mentioned advantages do not exist. In addition, for the conventional arrival angle estimation method, the estimated arrival angle is easy to have large errors in the presence of multipath.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, a terminal and a base station for estimating an arrival angle, which solve the problem that a conventional arrival angle estimation method is prone to have a large error in the estimated arrival angle under the condition of multipath.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for estimating an angle of arrival, including:
acquiring time domain channel response of a communication channel;
calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response; and
and constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for estimating an angle of arrival, including:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain a time domain channel response of a communication channel;
a calculating module, configured to calculate an autocorrelation function of a channel response according to the time-domain channel response; and
and the construction module is used for constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a terminal which comprises the device for estimating the arrival angle.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a base station which comprises the device for estimating the arrival angle.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer storage medium having one or more programs stored therein that are executable by a computer, where the one or more programs, when executed by the computer, cause the computer to perform a method for angle of arrival estimation as provided above.
One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects: the method, the device, the terminal and the base station for estimating the arrival angle acquire the time domain channel response of a communication channel; calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response; and constructing a cost function taking the angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result. Therefore, the method and the device for estimating the arrival angle can accurately estimate the arrival angle under the condition of multipath, reduce the estimation error of the arrival angle and improve the transmission performance of a communication system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of another method for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of another method for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of another apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of another apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of another apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for estimating an arrival angle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating an arrival angle may be applied to a terminal, a base station, and other apparatuses. As shown in fig. 1, the method of arrival angle estimation includes the following steps:
step S101, acquiring time domain channel response of a communication channel.
In this step, the method for estimating the angle of arrival may directly obtain a time domain channel response h (m, k) of the communication channel through some channel estimation algorithms, where m represents a carrier index and k represents an antenna index; or obtaining the frequency domain channel response H (m, k) of the communication channel by a preset channel estimation algorithm, and then performing inverse fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response H (m, k) of the communication channel to transform the frequency domain channel response H (m, k) of the communication channel into the time domain channel response H (m, k) of the communication channel.
And step S102, calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response.
In this step, the method for estimating the angle of arrival may calculate an autocorrelation function of a channel response according to a specific use of a result of the angle of arrival estimation. For example, if the result of the angle of arrival estimation needs to be used for beamforming, the method of angle of arrival estimation calculates the autocorrelation function of the channel response by using a first preset algorithm; if the result of the angle of arrival estimation does not need to be used for beamforming, for example, for terminal positioning, etc., the method for estimating the angle of arrival calculates the autocorrelation function of the channel response by using a second preset algorithm different from the first preset algorithm.
Step S103, constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
In this step, the cost function is a function associated with the autocorrelation function and the angle, the autocorrelation function is calculated in step S102, and the autocorrelation function is substituted into the cost function expression, so as to obtain the cost function having the angle as the input parameter, and the function value of the cost function is transformed by the transformation of the input angle.
In step S103, the method for estimating the arrival angle further searches in a predetermined angle interval, and selects an angle parameter value that maximizes the function value of the cost function as a result of the estimation of the arrival angle. The predetermined angle interval is [ -90,90 ].
The method for estimating the arrival angle according to the first embodiment of the present invention first obtains a time domain channel response of a communication channel, then calculates an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response, and finally constructs a cost function using an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selects an angle parameter value corresponding to a maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result. Therefore, the arrival angle can be accurately estimated under the condition of multipath, the estimation error of the arrival angle is reduced, and the transmission performance of the communication system is improved.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of another method for estimating an arrival angle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating an arrival angle may be applied to a terminal, a base station, and other apparatuses. As shown in fig. 2, the method for estimating the arrival angle includes the following steps:
step S201, obtaining a frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm.
Optionally, in this step, the preset channel estimation algorithm includes a Least Square LS (Least-Square) channel estimation algorithm or a minimum Mean Square error mmse (minimum Mean Squared error) channel estimation algorithm, and the obtained frequency domain channel response is H (m, k), where m represents a carrier index and k represents an antenna index.
And step S202, performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to transform the frequency domain channel response into a time domain channel response.
In this step, the frequency domain channel response H (m, k) is transformed into a time domain channel response H (m, k) by inverse fourier transform, thereby implementing a frequency domain to time domain conversion. The inverse fourier transform belongs to the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
Step S203, calculating the autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response.
And S204, constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
The steps S203 and S204 are the same as the steps S102 and S103 in the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
In the method for estimating an arrival angle according to the second embodiment of the present invention, a frequency domain channel response of the communication channel is obtained through a preset channel estimation algorithm, then, the frequency domain channel response is subjected to inverse fourier transform to be transformed into a time domain channel response, an autocorrelation function of the channel response is calculated according to the time domain channel response, finally, a cost function using an angle as an input parameter is constructed according to the autocorrelation function, and an angle parameter value corresponding to a maximum value of the cost function is selected as an arrival angle estimation result. Therefore, the arrival angle can be estimated adaptively according to specific conditions through mutual conversion between the frequency domain and the time domain, the error of the estimation of the arrival angle can be greatly reduced under the condition of multipath, and the transmission performance of a communication system is improved.
Third embodiment
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a flowchart of another method for estimating an arrival angle provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the method for estimating an arrival angle in the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to a terminal, a base station, and other apparatuses. As shown in fig. 3, the method for estimating the arrival angle includes the following steps:
step S301, acquiring frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm.
Optionally, in this step, the preset channel estimation algorithm includes a Least Square LS (Least-Square) channel estimation algorithm or a minimum Mean Square error mmse (minimum Mean Squared error) channel estimation algorithm, and the obtained frequency domain channel response is H (m, k), where m represents a carrier index and k represents an antenna index.
And step S302, performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to transform the frequency domain channel response into a time domain channel response.
In this step, the frequency domain channel response H (m, k) is transformed into a time domain channel response H (m, k) by inverse fourier transform, thereby implementing a frequency domain to time domain conversion. The inverse fourier transform belongs to the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
Step S303, determining whether the result of the angle of arrival estimation needs to be used for beamforming.
In this step, the method for estimating the arrival angle may determine whether the result of estimating the arrival angle is used for beamforming by acquiring information input by a user, and if the result of estimating the arrival angle needs to be used for beamforming, execute step S304; conversely, if the result of the angle of arrival estimation is not needed for beamforming, step S305 is performed.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the execution sequence of the step S303 is limited to be after the steps S301 and S302, optionally, the step S303 may also be executed before the step S301, between the steps S301 and S302, or may be executed simultaneously with the step S301 or the step S302, and the step S303 is executed after the steps S301 and S302 in the flowchart of fig. 3, but not limited thereto.
Step S304, calculating the autocorrelation function R of the channel responsehh＝H(:,1:K)*xH (: 1: K), where H (: 1: K) represents the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
Step S305, determining the time delay index position TA with the maximum tap coefficient power according to the time domain channel responseindexAnd determining the index position TAindexCorresponding time domain channel response h (TA)index,k)。
Step S306, calculating the autocorrelation function R of the channel responsehh＝h(TAindex,1:K)*×h(TAindex1: K) in which h (TA)indexK) represents the time domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
Thus, through the above steps S303 to S306, the method for estimating the arrival angle determines whether the result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beamforming, and can adaptively calculate the autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the use of the result of the arrival angle estimation, thereby calculating the autocorrelation function suitable for the channel response according to the actual situation, and reducing the error of the final estimation result.
Step S307, constructing a cost function with an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
Optionally, the cost function with the angle as an input parameter is:
Figure BDA0001076031840000061
wherein the guide vector aθ＝[1,e-j2πΔsinθ/λ,…,e-j7×2πΔsinθ/λ]TT denotes the transpose of the matrix, λ denotes the wavelength, Δ denotes the antenna spacing, a denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix, RhhThe autocorrelation function is represented.
In the method for estimating the arrival angle in the third embodiment of the present invention, a frequency domain channel response of the communication channel is obtained through a preset channel estimation algorithm, the frequency domain channel response is transformed into a time domain channel response through inverse fourier transform, it is then determined whether a result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beamforming, autocorrelation functions of the channel response are calculated in different manners for different determination results and the time domain channel response, finally, a cost function using an angle as an input parameter is constructed according to the autocorrelation functions, and an angle parameter value corresponding to a maximum value of the cost function is selected as an arrival angle estimation result. Therefore, the arrival angle can be estimated in a self-adaptive manner according to the specific application of the estimation result of the arrival angle through the mutual conversion between the frequency domain and the time domain, the error of the estimation of the arrival angle can be greatly reduced under the condition of multipath, and the transmission performance of a communication system is improved.
Fourth embodiment
Referring to fig. 4, which is a block diagram of an apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the apparatus 400 includes:
an obtaining module 401 is configured to obtain a time domain channel response of a communication channel.
A calculating module 402, configured to calculate an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time-domain channel response.
A constructing module 403, configured to construct a cost function using an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and select an angle parameter value corresponding to a maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 5, the obtaining module 401 includes:
the obtaining unit 4011 is configured to obtain a frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm; and
a converting unit 4012, configured to perform inverse fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a time domain channel response.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the preset channel estimation algorithm includes a least squares LS channel estimation algorithm or a minimum mean square error MMSE channel estimation algorithm.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 6, the calculating module 402 includes:
a determining unit 4021, configured to determine whether a result of the angle of arrival estimation needs to be used for beamforming;
a first calculating unit 4022, configured to calculate an autocorrelation function R of a channel response if a result of the angle of arrival estimation needs to be used for beamforminghh＝H(:,1:K)*xH (: 1: K), where H (: 1: K) represents the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 7, the calculating module 402 further includes:
a determining unit 4023, configured to determine a delay index position TA with a maximum tap coefficient power according to the time domain channel response if the result of the angle of arrival estimation does not need to be used for beamformingindexAnd determining the index position TAindexCorresponding time domain channel response h (TA)index,k)；
A second calculation unit 4024 for calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel responseRhh＝h(TAindex,1:K)*×h(TAindex1: K) in which h (TA)indexK) represents the time domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
The apparatus 400 is capable of implementing each process in the method embodiments of fig. 1 to fig. 3, and is not described herein again to avoid repetition.
The device 400 in the fourth embodiment of the present invention obtains the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm, performs inverse fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to transform the frequency domain channel response into a time domain channel response, then determines whether the result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beamforming, calculates autocorrelation functions of the channel response in different manners for different determination results and the time domain channel response, finally constructs a cost function using an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation functions, and selects an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as the arrival angle estimation result. Therefore, the arrival angle can be estimated in a self-adaptive manner according to the specific application of the estimation result of the arrival angle through the mutual conversion between the frequency domain and the time domain, the error of the estimation of the arrival angle can be greatly reduced under the condition of multipath, and the transmission performance of a communication system is improved.
Fifth embodiment
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a terminal 800 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 8, the terminal 800 includes: at least one processor 801, memory 802, at least one network interface 803, and a user interface 804.
The various components of terminal 800 are coupled together by a bus system 806, it being understood that bus system 806 is used to facilitate the connective communication between these components. The bus system 806 includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to the data lines. For clarity of illustration, however, the various buses are labeled as bus system 806 in FIG. 8.
The user interface 804 may include a display, a keyboard, or a pointing device, such as a mouse, a trackball (trackball), a touch pad, or a touch screen, among others.
It will be appreciated that the memory 802 in embodiments of the invention may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a Read-only memory (ROM), a programmable Read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable Read-only memory (erasabprom, EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable Read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a Random Access Memory (RAM) which functions as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (staticiram, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (syncronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM ), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 802 of the systems and methods described herein is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
In some embodiments, memory 802 stores the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an expanded set thereof: an operating system 8021 and application programs 8022.
The operating system 8021 includes various system programs, such as a framework layer, a core library layer, a driver layer, and the like, and is used for implementing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks. The application 8022 includes various applications, such as a media player (MediaPlayer), a Browser (Browser), and the like, for implementing various application services. A program implementing a method according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in application program 8022.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by calling the program or instruction stored in the memory 802, specifically, the program or instruction stored in the application program 8022, the processor 801 is configured to:
acquiring time domain channel response of a communication channel;
calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response; and
and constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
The methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention described above may be implemented in the processor 801 or implemented by the processor 801. The processor 801 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 801. The processor 801 may be a general-purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory 802, and the processor 801 reads the information in the memory 802, and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the method.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), general purpose processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units configured to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor.
Optionally, the processor 801 acquiring a time domain channel response of the communication channel includes:
acquiring frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm;
and carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a time domain channel response.
Optionally, the preset channel estimation algorithm includes a least square LS channel estimation algorithm or a minimum mean square error MMSE channel estimation algorithm.
Optionally, the processor 801 calculates an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the acquired time-domain channel response, including:
judging whether the estimation result of the arrival angle needs to be used for beam forming;
if the result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beam forming, calculating an autocorrelation function R of channel responsehh＝H(:,1:K)*xH (: 1: K), where H (: 1: K) represents the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k represents a time-domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and represents a conjugate transpose of the matrix; or
If the estimation result of the arrival angle does not need to be used for beam forming, determining a time delay index position TA with the maximum tap coefficient power according to the time domain channel responseindexAnd determining the index position TAindexCorresponding time domain channel response h (TA)index,k)；
Calculating an autocorrelation function R of a channel responsehh＝h(TAindex,1:K)*×h(TAindex1: K) in which h (TA)indexK) represents the time domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
Optionally, the cost function with the angle as an input parameter is:
Figure BDA0001076031840000111
wherein the guide vector aθ＝[1,e-j2πΔsinθ/λ,…,e-j7×2πΔsinθ/λ]TT denotes the transpose of the matrix, λ denotes the wavelength, Δ denotes the antenna spacing, a denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix, RhhThe autocorrelation function is represented.
The terminal 800 can implement the processes of the arrival angle estimation method in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described here to avoid repetition.
Sixth embodiment
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a structural diagram of a base station 900 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 9, the base station 900 includes: at least one processor 901, memory 902, at least one network interface 903, and a user interface 904.
The various components in the base station 900 are coupled together by a bus system 906, it being understood that the bus system 906 is used to enable connected communication between these components. The bus system 906 includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to the data lines. For clarity of illustration, however, the various buses are labeled as bus system 906 in fig. 9.
The user interface 904 may include, among other things, a display, a keyboard, or a pointing device, such as a mouse, trackball (trackball), touch pad, or touch screen.
It is to be understood that the memory 902 in embodiments of the present invention may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a Read-only memory (ROM), a programmable Read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable Read-only memory (erasabprom, EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable Read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a Random Access Memory (RAM) which functions as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (staticiram, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (syncronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM ), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 902 of the systems and methods described herein is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
In some embodiments, memory 902 stores the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an expanded set thereof: an operating system 9021 and application programs 9022.
The operating system 9021 includes various system programs, such as a framework layer, a core library layer, a driver layer, and the like, and is configured to implement various basic services and process hardware-based tasks. The application 9022 includes various applications, such as a media player (MediaPlayer), a Browser (Browser), and the like, for implementing various application services. A program implementing the method of an embodiment of the present invention may be included in application 9022.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by calling a program or an instruction stored in the memory 902, specifically, a program or an instruction stored in the application 9022, the processor 901 is configured to:
acquiring time domain channel response of a communication channel;
calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response; and
and constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
The method disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention may be applied to the processor 901, or implemented by the processor 901. The processor 901 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be implemented by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 901. The processor 901 may be a general-purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory 902, and the processor 901 reads the information in the memory 902, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with the hardware thereof.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), general purpose processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units configured to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor.
Optionally, the processor 901 obtains a time domain channel response of the communication channel, including:
acquiring frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm;
and carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a time domain channel response.
Optionally, the preset channel estimation algorithm includes a least square LS channel estimation algorithm or a minimum mean square error MMSE channel estimation algorithm.
Optionally, the processor 901 calculates an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the acquired time-domain channel response, including:
judging whether the estimation result of the arrival angle needs to be used for beam forming;
if the result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beam forming, calculating an autocorrelation function R of channel responsehh＝H(:,1:K)*xH (: 1: K), where H (: 1: K) represents the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k represents a time-domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and represents a conjugate transpose of the matrix; or
If the estimation result of the arrival angle does not need to be used for beam forming, determining a time delay index position TA with the maximum tap coefficient power according to the time domain channel responseindexAnd determining the index position TAindexCorresponding time domain channel response h (TA)index,k)；
Calculating an autocorrelation function R of a channel responsehh＝h(TAindex,1:K)*×h(TAindex1: K) in which h (TA)indexK) represents the time domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
Optionally, the cost function with the angle as an input parameter is:
Figure BDA0001076031840000141
wherein the guide vector aθ＝[1,e-j2πΔsinθ/λ,…,e-j7×2πΔsinθ/λ]TT denotes the transpose of the matrix, λ denotes the wavelength, Δ denotes the antenna spacing, a denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix, RhhThe autocorrelation function is represented.
The base station 900 can implement the processes of the arrival angle estimation method in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described here to avoid repetition.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware associated with program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable medium, and when executed, the program includes the following steps:
acquiring time domain channel response of a communication channel;
calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response; and
and constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result.
Optionally, the step of obtaining the time domain channel response of the communication channel includes:
acquiring frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm;
and carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a time domain channel response.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the preset channel estimation algorithm includes a least squares LS channel estimation algorithm or a minimum mean square error MMSE channel estimation algorithm.
Optionally, the step of calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the acquired time-domain channel response includes:
judging whether the estimation result of the arrival angle needs to be used for beam forming;
if the result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beam forming, calculating an autocorrelation function R of channel responsehh＝H(:,1:K)*xH (: 1: K), where H (: 1: K) represents the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k represents a time-domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and represents a conjugate transpose of the matrix; or
If the estimation result of the arrival angle does not need to be used for beam forming, determining a time delay index position TA with the maximum tap coefficient power according to the time domain channel responseindexAnd determining the index position TAindexCorresponding time domain channel response h (TA)indexK); and
calculating an autocorrelation function R of a channel responsehh＝h(TAindex,1:K)*×h(TAindex1: K) in which h (TA)indexK) represents the time domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the cost function with the angle as the input parameter is:
Figure BDA0001076031840000151
wherein the guide vector aθ＝[1,e-j2πΔsinθ/λ,…,e-j7×2πΔsinθ/λ]TT denotes the transpose of the matrix, λ denotes the wavelength,Δindicating antenna spacingDenotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix, RhhThe autocorrelation function is represented.
The storage medium may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method of angle-of-arrival estimation, comprising:
acquiring time domain channel response of a communication channel;
calculating an autocorrelation function of the channel response according to the time domain channel response; and
constructing a cost function taking an angle as an input parameter according to the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result, wherein the cost function taking the angle as the input parameter is as follows:
Figure FDA0003092310190000011
wherein the guide vector aθ＝[1,e-j2π△sinθ/λ,…,e-j7×2π△sinθ/λ]TT denotes the transpose of the matrix, λ denotes the wavelength, Δ denotes the antenna spacing, a denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix, RhhThe autocorrelation function is represented.
2. The method of angle-of-arrival estimation of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a time domain channel response of a communication channel comprises:
acquiring frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm;
and carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a time domain channel response.
3. The method of angle-of-arrival estimation according to claim 2, wherein the preset channel estimation algorithm comprises a Least Squares (LS) channel estimation algorithm or a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation algorithm.
4. The method of angle-of-arrival estimation of claim 2, wherein the step of computing an autocorrelation function of the channel response from the acquired time-domain channel response comprises:
judging whether the estimation result of the arrival angle needs to be used for beam forming;
if the result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beam forming, calculating an autocorrelation function R of channel responsehh＝H(:,1:K)*xH (: 1: K), where H (: 1: K) represents the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k represents a time-domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and represents a conjugate transpose of the matrix; or
If the estimation result of the arrival angle does not need to be used for beam forming, determining a time delay index position TA with the maximum tap coefficient power according to the time domain channel responseindexAnd determining the index position TAindexCorresponding time domain channel response h (TA)index,k)；
Calculating an autocorrelation function R of a channel responsehh＝h(TAindex,1:K)*×h(TAindex1: K) in which h (TA)indexK) represents the time domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
5. An apparatus for angle-of-arrival estimation, comprising:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain a time domain channel response of a communication channel;
a calculating module, configured to calculate an autocorrelation function of a channel response according to the time-domain channel response; and
construction module for use in accordance withConstructing a cost function with an angle as an input parameter by using the autocorrelation function, and selecting an angle parameter value corresponding to the maximum value of the cost function as an arrival angle estimation result, wherein the cost function with the angle as the input parameter is as follows:
Figure FDA0003092310190000021
wherein the guide vector aθ＝[1,e-j2π△sinθ/λ,…,e-j7×2π△sinθ/λ]TT denotes the transpose of the matrix, λ denotes the wavelength, Δ denotes the antenna spacing, a denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix, RhhThe autocorrelation function is represented.
6. The apparatus for angle of arrival estimation of claim 5, wherein the obtaining means comprises:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel through a preset channel estimation algorithm; and
and the conversion unit is used for carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain channel response to transform the frequency domain channel response into a time domain channel response.
7. The apparatus for angle-of-arrival estimation according to claim 6, wherein the preset channel estimation algorithm comprises a Least Squares (LS) channel estimation algorithm or a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation algorithm.
8. The apparatus for angle of arrival estimation of claim 6, wherein the means for calculating comprises:
a judging unit, configured to judge whether a result of the arrival angle estimation needs to be used for beamforming;
a first calculating unit, configured to calculate an autocorrelation function R of a channel response if a result of the angle of arrival estimation needs to be used for beamforminghh＝H(:,1:K)*xH (: 1: K), where H (: 1: K) represents the frequency domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k represents a time-domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and represents a conjugate transpose of the matrix; or
A determining unit, configured to determine a delay index position TA with a maximum tap coefficient power according to the time domain channel response if the result of the angle of arrival estimation does not need to be used for beamformingindexAnd determining the index position TAindexCorresponding time domain channel response h (TA)index,k)；
A second calculation unit for calculating an autocorrelation function R of the channel responsehh＝h(TAindex,1:K)*×h(TAindex1: K) in which h (TA)indexK) represents the time domain channel response of the communication channel, K represents the number of antennas, 1: k denotes the time domain channel response vector composed from antenna 1 to antenna K, and x denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
9. A terminal, characterized in that it comprises a device according to any one of claims 5 to 8.
10. A base station, characterized in that it comprises an apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 8.
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