CN107732440B - Ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-tilting omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-tilting omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
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Abstract
The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-tilting omnidirectional antenna comprises a first wideband subarray and a second wideband subarray coaxially arranged on the same dielectric substrate, wherein the array elements of the two subarrays are unequal, the minimum array element number is 1, the array elements are U-shaped dipoles, a feed conductor is also arranged on the dielectric substrate, the oscillators of the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray are connected with a feed cable through the feed conductor, and the characteristic impedance of the two sections of the feed cable respectively connected with the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray is Z 01 And Z 02 Input impedance Z of the first and second wideband subarrays in1 、Z in2 Respectively equal to the characteristic impedance of its feed cable, namely: z is Z 01 ＝Z in1 ，Z 02 ＝Z in2 . The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-turning omnidirectional antenna has the advantages of ultra-wideband, high gain, horizontal omnidirectional, beam upward turning, high power, high efficiency, light weight, portability, simple structure, economy and durability.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to an omnidirectional antenna device and technology, in particular to a miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-tilting omnidirectional antenna suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle ground control station and a technology thereof.
[ background Art ]
With the development of aviation industry and information technology, human beings have entered the unmanned aerial vehicle era. The unmanned aerial vehicle is suitable for executing various tasks, has the advantage of high cost performance, and has wide application prospect in the field of army and civilian. In the military aspect, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for map mapping, information reconnaissance, battlefield monitoring, attack on enemy, relay communication and the like; in civil aspects, unmanned aerial vehicles are used for aviation shooting, logistics express, scientific exploration and the like. At present, china is at the leading level in the world in the unmanned aerial vehicle field. Typically, unmanned aerial vehicles rely on ground station radio remote control to perform various tasks. Such a wireless link is established between the ground station and the drone antenna. Ground stations typically employ high gain parabolic antennas and unmanned aerial vehicles employ low gain omni-directional antennas. The former has high frequency, strong directivity, narrow beam and long control distance, but the propagation path cannot be blocked by obstacles, and is influenced by the curvature of the earth and can only propagate in the visual range. Therefore, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to be as high as possible, and the unmanned aerial vehicle must be in the main lobe beam, and a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles located in different directions cannot be controlled simultaneously. In addition, the parabolic antenna needs a mechanism with freely rotatable azimuth/elevation surface, and has large volume and high cost. In contrast, if the control station adopts a low-frequency high-gain omni-directional antenna, the above problems can be well solved. However, high gain omni-directional antennas are typically implemented using a coaxial array of half-wave elements with the maximum radiation direction pointing in the horizontal direction. This results in a good control of the drone in the low elevation region near the horizon, while the spatial region at high elevation is poorly controlled, resulting in a greatly restricted airspace. Therefore, the main lobe of the omnidirectional antenna needs to be upward inclined by a certain angle, and the zero point between the upper side lobes is filled, so that the requirement of wide airspace flight control of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be met. In general, beamforming is implemented by an array weighting method, but a complicated feed network needs to be designed, which causes a decrease in antenna gain, an increase in size, a deterioration in portability, an increase in cost, and the like. The gain is reduced, so that the problems of short control distance, short dead time of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the like are caused; the size increases, resulting in inconvenient maneuvering and excessive wind loads. Another scheme is to adopt a series feed vibrator array, which has the advantages of simple feed, compact structure and low cost, and has the disadvantages of low gain, narrow bandwidth and declination of wave beams. As with other antennas, bandwidth is one of the key indicators of the ground station antenna, which determines the number of unmanned aerial vehicles that can be controlled and the data return rate of the unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition, in order to obtain the best signal-to-noise ratio of the wireless link, the ground station antenna is preferably designed in a broadband mode, and the propagation characteristics of the radio waves with different wavelengths are utilized to maintain the robustness of the link. Obviously, the conventional vibrator coaxial array scheme is difficult to meet the requirements of the wide frequency band and the multi-frequency band, and a method for expanding the bandwidth must be developed.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward omnidirectional antenna which is ultra-wideband, high in gain, horizontal in omnidirectional, beam upward in elevation, high in power, high in efficiency, light and small in size, simple in structure, economical and durable.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is provided:
the invention provides an ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-tilting omnidirectional antenna, which comprises a first wideband subarray and a second wideband subarray coaxially arranged on the same medium substrate, wherein the array elements of the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray are unequal in number, the minimum array element number is 1, the array elements are U-shaped dipoles, a feed wire is also arranged on the medium substrate and is connected with each vibrator of the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray, the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray are connected with a feed cable through the feed wire, and the characteristic impedance of two sections of the feed cable respectively connected with the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray is Z 01 And Z 02 Input impedance Z of the first and second wideband subarrays in1 、Z in2 Respectively equal to the characteristic impedance of its feeding cable, namely: z is Z 01 ＝Z in1 ，Z 02 ＝Z in2 。
The numbers of the array elements of the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray are not equal, and may be respectively 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 2 and 5, 5 and 3, 4 and 2, n and m, etc. the numbers of n and m are non-equal natural numbers, and the foregoing combination examples are only some examples of the embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting the scope of the claims of the present invention, and the numbers of the array elements of the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray may be any number, so long as the numbers of the array elements of the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray are not equal.
Preferably, the ends of the two sections of feed cable are respectively connected with a section of characteristic impedance Z 03 、Z 04 The quarter wavelength cable conversion section of (2) is connected with the total cable, and the feeding is realizedCable characteristic impedance Z 01 And Z 02 Length L 01 And L 02 The following mathematical relationship is satisfied:
L 01 ＝(2πλ 1 )×(5γ)×sin(πθ/180)+(λ 1 /λ 2 )L 02
in the relation, lambda 1 、λ 1 Characteristic impedance Z 01 And Z 02 In the feed cable, gamma is the electrical length coefficient of the array element spacing, i.e. the array element spacing is gamma lambda 0 ，λ 0 The wavelength in vacuum, θ is the upward angle of the beam, i.e. the angle between the main lobe of the beam and the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the two cable transformation sections are connected by a three-hole feed slot, the third hole of the three-hole feed slot is connected with the main cable, and the other end of the main cable is connected with the radio frequency connector. Preferably, the two cable transition sections extend toward the middle of the array and are connected adjacent to each other by a three-hole feed slot. Preferably, the total cable characteristic impedance Z 0 ＝50Ω。
Preferably, the tail end of the vibrator arm of the first broadband subarray is provided with a longitudinal L-shaped groove, a pair of first subarray parasitic branches are symmetrically loaded on two sides of the vibrator center of the first broadband subarray, and a pair of second subarray parasitic branches are symmetrically loaded on two sides of the vibrator center of the second broadband subarray.
The array elements of the two ultra-wideband PCB printed vibrator subarrays are U-shaped dipoles, the upper and lower arms of the array elements are respectively positioned on the front side and the back side of the medium substrate, the U-shaped arms positioned on the front side face one end of the substrate, and the U-shaped arms positioned on the back side face the other end of the substrate or the opposite ends.
Preferably, the total length of the vibrator arms of the first broadband subarray and the second broadband subarray is (0.3-0.5) & lambda C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength. The length ranges are preferred embodiments, but are not limited to, the specific values, where the value ranges approach a divisor or equivalent transformation range, and are within the scope of the present invention.
Preferably, the first sub-array parasitic branches are arranged along the vibrator arms, gaps are reserved between the first sub-array parasitic branches and the vibrator arms, the centers of the first sub-array parasitic branches protrude inwards to the middle of the vibrator until the gaps between the two arms of the vibrator, and the first sub-array parasitic branches on two sides are not contacted. Preferably, the bottom end of the vibrator arm of the first wideband subarray is provided with a protrusion on a side facing the distal end.
Preferably, the upper and lower arms of the vibrator of the second broadband subarray are overlapped in the middle, but are not electrically connected, the parasitic branches of the second subarray are arranged along the vibrator arms, a gap is reserved between the parasitic branches of the second subarray and the vibrator arms, the center of the parasitic branches of the second subarray protrudes inwards, and the parasitic branches of the second subarray are attached to the outline of the vibrator arms but do not extend to the middle of the vibrator.
Preferably, the feed cable, the cable conversion section and the total cable are all routed along the central axis direction of the antenna, and each cable is welded with one side of the feed conductor at a plurality of points. Preferably, the feed cable, the cable transition section and the total cable are coaxial cables.
Preferably, the feed wire is a parallel double-conductor feed wire, is overlapped with the axis of the array along the array direction, and is formed by cascading a plurality of variable-length and variable-width conversion sections; the center position is a feeding point, the two ends are short-circuit points, the feeding point is a non-metallized via hole and is provided with a bonding pad up and down, and the short-circuit points are metallized via holes and connect the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line.
Preferably, the ultra wideband high gain beam-up-suppressing omni-directional antenna comprises a wall thickness T R Length is L R The glass fiber reinforced plastic antenna housing completely wraps all the parts of the antenna, and the antenna housing is provided with an opening at the bottom end and a closing at the top end and is coaxially arranged with the antenna. Preferably, the radome is made of common dielectric materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, PTFE, PVC, PC, PE, ABS and the like.
Preferably, the length, width and thickness of the dielectric substrate are respectively: l (L) V 、W V 、T V Dielectric constant ε r1 Loss tangent tan delta 1 . Preferably, the antenna dielectric substrate is a double-sided copper-clad plate processed by using PTFE, hydrocarbon and alumina as raw materials, such as Rogers, taconic, arlon, neltec and Wangling series plates.
Preferably, the actual feeder cable strips SMA, BNC, TNC, N are attached to common connectors such as 7/16 or 4.3/10 DIN.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides an ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-turning omnidirectional antenna, which integrates various prior arts. Firstly, two independent ultra-wideband PCB subarrays are designed, namely the array is divided into two independent PCB subarrays, and the two subarrays are formed into a high-gain composite array by using a cable or a power dividing plate. The impedance of the two subarrays is regulated, and a feed cable with characteristic impedance equal to the respective impedance is selected, so that the input impedance of the array is 50 omega. Because the impedance of the feed cable is equal to the impedance of the subarrays, the upward angle of the array beam can be changed by adjusting the length of the cable, and the impedance characteristic of the array beam is not affected. By the measures, the antenna is in UHF 560-680 MHz frequency band (BW=120 MHz, 19.35%), nearly 3.127.lambda C An electrical length of 50 omega good matching (VSWR) is achieved<1.77, minimum 1.02); the beam is upward bent by about 5 degrees and has a wave width of 14.35-16.12 degrees, the out-of-roundness of the horizontal plane (H plane) is less than 0.68dB, and the first zero level of the upper side lobe is greater than-22.5 dB; the design of the feed network is greatly simplified, the bandwidth is increased, the loss is reduced, and the efficiency (more than or equal to 93.5%) is improved. In addition, the design is short, small, portable, high in bearing power, high in structural strength, economical and durable, and is a preferable antenna design suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle ground control stations. In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universality, simplicity, practicability and the like, and is applicable and effective for the optimization design and improvement of the omni-directional antenna with wider bandwidth, higher gain and beam forming.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of rectangular coordinate system definition used by an antenna model.
Figure 2 is an elevation view of a two-element subarray of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 3 is a central partial enlarged view of a two-element subarray of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of both ends of a two-element subarray of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 5 is an elevation view of a three-element subarray of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 6 is a central partial enlarged view of a three-element subarray of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of both ends of a tri-element sub-array of an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 8 is a front view of a complete coaxial model of the upper and lower subarrays of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial feed network for an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 10 is an S-parameter curve for an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 11 is a standing wave ratio VSWR of an ultra-wide high gain band beam upward pointing omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 12 is a diagram of an ultra-wideband high gain beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna at f L 2D pattern =560 MHz.
Fig. 13 is a diagram of an ultra-wideband high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna at f C 2D pattern of =620 MHz.
Fig. 14 is a diagram of an ultra-wideband high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna at f H 2D pattern at 680 MHz.
Fig. 15 shows the real gain G of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna R Curve as a function of frequency f.
Fig. 16 is a plot of E-plane half power beamwidth HPBW as a function of frequency f for an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 17 is a plot of elevation angle over frequency f for an E-plane beam of an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 18 shows the H-plane out-of-roundness of an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna as a function of frequency f.
Fig. 19 efficiency η for wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna A Curve as a function of frequency f.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain, but do not limit or define the invention. The invention is also amenable to various other modifications and alternative applications.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The invention will be discussed herein with emphasis on four main features of ultra wideband, high gain, omni-directionality, beam tilt up and beam shaping, and a detailed description of the invention will be given with respect to the accompanying drawings. It should be particularly noted that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to limit or define the invention. The following gives a preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings to explain the technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
The invention aims to design a vertical polarized antenna with ultra wide band (BW is more than or equal to 20%), high gain (G is more than or equal to 6 dBi), horizontal omni-direction, beam upward tilting, zero filling, high power, high efficiency, light weight, portability, simple structure, economy and durability for an unmanned aerial vehicle ground control station, and provides an effective reference method for the optimization design of higher gain, wider bandwidth and beam forming. In a specific embodiment, the ultra-wide high-gain band beam upward-looking omnidirectional antenna is constructed through the following steps.
Step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, see fig. 1;
step two, the first broadband subarray 10 is constructed. In this embodiment, the first wideband subarray 10 is a binary wideband subarray, and in the coordinate system XOZ plane, a two-unit wideband vibrator array disposed along the Z-axis direction is constructed, each vibrator comprises two symmetrical U-shaped arms 101, 102, and the total length is about (0.3-0.5) ·λ C (λ C As the center wavelength); the tail end of the vibrator arm is provided with a longitudinal L-shaped groove 103, two sides of the center of the vibrator are symmetrically loaded with a pair of first subarray parasitic branches 104, the first subarray parasitic branches 104 are arranged along the vibrator arm, a gap 105 is reserved between the first subarray parasitic branches 104 and the vibrator arm, the center of the first subarray parasitic branches 104 protrudes inwards to the middle of the vibrator until the gap between the two arms of the vibrator is positioned, and the first subarray parasitic branches 104 at two sides are not contacted with each other as shown in a part 114 in the figure; the bottom end of the vibrator arm is provided with a bulge 113 at one side facing the tail end; vibrator and feeder line of first broadband subarray 10 are integrally printed on double-sided mediumThe length, width and thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 are respectively: l (L) V 、W V 、T V Dielectric constant ε r1 Loss tangent tan delta 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The upper arms of the vibrators of the first broadband subarray 10 are on the front surface of the PCB, the lower arms are on the back surface, or the upper arms are opposite; the feeder is a parallel double-conductor feeder, is formed by cascading a plurality of variable sections 106, 107, 108, 109 and 110 with different lengths and widths along the array direction and coinciding with the array axis; the center position is a feeding point 111, the two ends are short-circuit points 112, the feeding point 111 is a non-metallized via hole and is provided with bonding pads up and down, the short-circuit points 112 are metallized via holes, and the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line are communicated, as shown in figures 2-4;
step three, a second broadband subarray 20 is constructed. In this embodiment, the second wideband subarray 10 is a ternary wideband subarray, and another wideband vibrator array is configured according to the above method at the other end of the dielectric substrate 100 of the first wideband subarray 10 in the XOZ plane, and the central axis thereof is overlapped with the first wideband subarray 10; the two arms of the second wideband subarray 20 are also U-shaped vibrator arms 201 and 202, unlike the first wideband subarray 10, the tail ends of the U-shaped vibrator arms of the second wideband subarray 20 have no L-shaped grooves, and no gaps exist between the two arms, that is, the upper vibrator arm and the lower vibrator arm of the second wideband subarray 20 are overlapped in the middle position but are not electrically connected; a pair of second subarray parasitic branches 203 are symmetrically loaded on two sides of the center of the vibrator, the second subarray parasitic branches 203 are arranged along the vibrator arm, a gap 204 is reserved between the second subarray parasitic branches 203 and the vibrator arm, the center of the second subarray parasitic branches 203 protrudes inwards, and the outline of the vibrator arm is cut into the outline of the vibrator but does not extend to the middle of the vibrator; the vibrators of the second wide band sub-array 20 and the feeder lines are integrally printed on the two sides of the double-sided dielectric substrate 100, and the upper arms of the vibrators are arranged on the front side of the PCB and the lower arms are arranged on the back side of the PCB, or are opposite; the feeder is a parallel double-conductor feeder, is along the array direction and coincides with the array axis, and is formed by cascading a plurality of variable sections 205, 206, 207 and 208 with different lengths and widths; the center position is a feeding point 210, the two ends are short-circuit points 209, the feeding point 210 is a non-metallized via hole and is provided with a bonding pad up and down, the short-circuit points 209 are metallized via holes, and the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line are communicated, as shown in fig. 5-7;
step four, setting a coaxial feed network. The characteristic impedance and the length are respectively as follows: z is Z 01 、L 01 And Z 02 、 L 02 Is connected to the first broad-band subarray 10 and the second broad-band subarray 20, respectively; input impedance Z of the second wideband sub-array 20 and the first wideband sub-array 10 in1 、Z in2 Respectively equal to the characteristic impedance of its feeding cable, namely: z is Z 01 ＝Z in1 ，Z 02 ＝Z in2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Cable Z 01 And Z 02 Length L of (2) 01 And L 02 The following mathematical relationship is satisfied:
L 01 ＝(2πλ 1 )×(5γ)×sin(πθ/180)+(λ 1 /λ 2 )L 02 ――(1)
(1) Wherein lambda is 1 、λ 1 Respectively the feed cables Z 01 And Z 02 A guided wave wavelength in (a); gamma is the electrical length coefficient of the array element spacing, i.e. the array element spacing is gamma lambda 0 ，λ 0 Is the wavelength in vacuum; θ is the beam elevation angle, i.e. the angle between the main lobe of the beam and the horizontal direction, in degrees. Next, at a characteristic impedance Z 01 And Z 02 The ends of the feed cable of (a) are respectively connected with a section of a characteristic impedance Z 03 、Z 04 A quarter wavelength cable transition section 411, 421; the two cable transition sections 411, 421 are then joined together by a three-hole feed slot, the third hole of which is connected to a differential impedance Z 0 Total cable 430=50Ω, the other end of total cable 430 is connected to the radio frequency connector, see fig. 9;
and fifthly, optimizing the feeding cable routing. The five feed cables 410-411, 420-421 and 430 of the fourth step are all routed along the central axis direction of the antenna. The rest and other cables are all straight lines except the welding points where the two ends of the feed cables of the two subarrays are connected with the feed points 111 and 210 of the two subarrays. And, each cable is multi-spot welded with one side of the subarray center feeder line so as to fix the cable and optimize wiring, see fig. 9;
step six, the radome 300 is provided. Setting a wall thickness T R Length is L R The glass fiber reinforced plastic radome 300 of (1) completely wraps the antenna componentsThe antenna housing is open at the bottom and closed at the top and is arranged coaxially with the antenna.
The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-tilting omnidirectional antenna constructed by the steps comprises a first wideband subarray 10 and a second wideband subarray 20 which are coaxially arranged on a dielectric substrate, wherein array elements are U-shaped symmetrical oscillators, a feed wire is also arranged on the dielectric substrate and is connected with each oscillator of the first wideband subarray 10 and the second wideband subarray 20, the first wideband subarray 10 and the second wideband subarray 20 are connected with a feed cable through the feed wire, and the characteristic impedance is Z 01 And Z 02 The ends of the feed cable of (a) are respectively connected with a section of a special impedance Z 03 、Z 04 The quarter wavelength cable conversion sections 411, 421 of (a) are connected to the total cable, the second broadband subarray 20 and the first broadband subarray 10 have an input impedance Z in1 、Z in2 Respectively equal to the characteristic impedance of its feed cable, namely: z is Z 01 ＝Z in1 ，Z 02 ＝Z in2 。
The characteristic impedance and length of the feeder cable respectively connecting the first broadband subarray 10 and the second broadband subarray 20 are respectively: z is Z 01 、L 01 And Z 02 、L 02 Characteristic impedance Z of feed cable 01 And Z 02 Length L 01 And L 02 The following mathematical relationship is satisfied:
L 01 ＝(2πλ 1 )×(5γ)×sin(πθ/180)+(λ 1 /λ 2 )L 02
in the relation, lambda 1 、λ 1 Characteristic impedance Z 01 And Z 02 In the feed cable, gamma is the electrical length coefficient of the array element spacing, i.e. the array element spacing is gamma lambda 0 ，λ 0 The wavelength in vacuum, θ is the upward angle of the beam, i.e. the angle between the main lobe of the beam and the horizontal direction.
The two cable-changing sections extending toward the middle of the array and being connected in close proximity to each other by a three-hole feed slot of one-to-two type, the third hole of the three-hole feed slot being connected to the characteristic impedance Z 0 Total cable 430 of =50Ω, the other end of total cable 430 is connected toAnd the radio frequency connector is connected. Typical connectors for actual feeder cable ties SMA, BNC, TNC, N, 7/16 or 4.3/10 DIN.
The array elements of the first broadband subarray 10 and the second broadband subarray 20 are U-shaped dipoles, the upper arm and the lower arm of the array elements are respectively positioned on the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate, the U-shaped arm positioned on the front side faces one end of the substrate, and the U-shaped arm positioned on the back side faces the other end of the substrate, or the U-shaped arms are just opposite. The total length of the vibrator arms 101, 102 of the first broadband subarray 10 and the second broadband subarray 20 is (0.3-0.5) & lambda C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength. The length ranges are preferred embodiments, but are not limited to the specific values, and ranges approaching a divisor or equivalent transformation range are within the scope of the present invention.
The vibrator arm end of the first wideband subarray 10 is provided with a longitudinal L-shaped groove 103, a pair of binary subarray parasitic branches 104 are symmetrically loaded on two sides of the vibrator center of the first wideband subarray 10, and a pair of second subarray parasitic branches 203 are symmetrically loaded on two sides of the vibrator center of the second wideband subarray 20. The binary subarray parasitic branches 104 are arranged along the vibrator arms, gaps 105 are reserved between the binary subarray parasitic branches 104 and the vibrator arms, the centers of the binary subarray parasitic branches 104 protrude inwards to the middle of the vibrator until the gaps between the two arms of the vibrator, and the binary subarray parasitic branches 104 on two sides are not contacted. The base end of the transducer arm of the first wideband sub-array 10 is provided with a protrusion 113 on the side facing the distal end.
The upper and lower arms of the vibrator of the second broadband sub-array 20 are overlapped in the middle, but are not electrically connected, the second sub-array parasitic branches 203 are arranged along the vibrator arms, a gap 204 is reserved between the second sub-array parasitic branches 203 and the vibrator arms, the center of the second sub-array parasitic branches 203 protrudes inwards, and the second sub-array parasitic branches fit with the outline of the vibrator arms but do not extend to the middle of the vibrator.
The feed cable, the cable transformation section and the total cable are all routed along the central axis direction of the antenna, and each cable is welded with one side of the feed conductor at a plurality of points. Preferably, the feed cable, the cable transition section and the total cable are coaxial cables.
The feed wire is a parallel double-conductor feed wire, is overlapped with the axis of the array along the array direction, and is formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conversion sections 106, 107, 108, 109 and 110 with different lengths and widths; the center position is a feeding point 111, the two ends are short-circuit points 112, the feeding point 111 is a non-metallized via hole and is provided with a bonding pad up and down, and the short-circuit points 112 are metallized via holes and connect the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line.
The ultra-wideband high-gain beam-up-suppressing omni-directional antenna comprises a wall with a thickness T R Length is L R The glass fiber reinforced plastic radome 300 completely wraps all the parts of the antenna, and the radome is opened at the bottom end and closed at the top end and is coaxially arranged with the antenna. Preferably, the radome is made of common dielectric materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, PTFE, PVC, PC, PE, ABS and the like.
The length, width and thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 are respectively: l (L) V 、W V 、T V Dielectric constant ε r1 Loss tangent tan delta 1 . Preferably, the antenna dielectric substrate is a double-sided copper-clad plate processed by using PTFE, hydrocarbon and alumina substances as raw materials, such as Rogers, taconic, arlon, neltec and Wangling series plates.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit or restrict the present invention. The first wideband subarray 10 and the second wideband subarray 20 are just the distinguishing names of subarrays with different numbers of array elements in the embodiment of the present invention, and the technical characteristics of the above mentioned subarrays can be interchanged between the two subarrays.
The invention is in UHF 560-680 MHz frequency band (BW=120 MHz, 19.35%), near 3.127.lambda C An electrical length of 50 omega good matching (VSWR) is achieved<1.77, minimum 1.02); the beam is upward bent by about 5 degrees and has a wave width of 14.35-16.12 degrees, the out-of-roundness of the horizontal plane (H plane) is less than 0.68dB, and the first zero level of the upper side lobe is greater than-22.5 dB; the design of the feed network is greatly simplified, the bandwidth is increased, the loss is reduced, and the efficiency (more than or equal to 93.5%) is improved. The specific technical parameters are shown in fig. 10 to 19, and are described below.
Fig. 10 is an S-parameter curve for an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is MHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is the S parameter amplitude |S ij I, in dB; the solid line is the reflection coefficient |S 11 |、|S 22 The broken line is the isolation level S 21 The thick line is the three-cell subarray 20, and the thin line is the lower two-cell subarray 10. As shown in the figure, good impedance matching is realized in the whole 560-680 MHz frequency band, and the bandwidth reaches 19.35% (|S) 11 The isolation is better than-28 dB, and the I is less than or equal to-11.5 dB).
Fig. 11 is a standing wave ratio VSWR of an ultra-wide high gain band beam upward pointing omni-directional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is MHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the standing wave ratio VSWR; the thick line is a three-cell subarray 20, and the thin line is a two-cell subarray 10. As shown in the figure, good impedance matching is realized in the whole 560-680 MHz frequency band, and the bandwidth reaches 19.35% (VSWR is less than or equal to 1.77).
Fig. 12 is a diagram of an ultra-wideband high gain beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna at f L 2D pattern =560 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane (theta=90°, XOY plane) and the dotted line represents the E-plane (phi=90°, YOZ plane); gain g=5.92 dbi, half power beam width of e plane hpbw=16.12°, out-of-roundness of H plane 0.41dB, beam pitch up 4.817 °, upper side lobe first zero normalization level-22.5 dB;
fig. 13 is a diagram of an ultra-wideband high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna at f C 2D pattern of =620 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane (theta=90°, XOY plane) and the dotted line represents the E-plane (phi=90°, YOZ plane); gain g=6.85 dbi, half power beam width of e plane hpbw=15.65°, out-of-roundness of H plane 0.54dB, beam tilt up 4.80 °, upper side lobe first zero normalization level-19.7 dB;
fig. 14 is a diagram of an ultra-wideband high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna at f H 2D pattern at 680 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane (theta=90°, XOY plane) and the dotted line represents the E-plane (phi=90°, YOZ plane); gain g=7.30 dbi, half power beam width of e plane hpbw=14.35 °, out-of-roundness of H plane 0.68dB, beam pitch up 4.782 °, upper side lobe first zero normalization level-16.3 dB;
fig. 15 shows the real gain G of an ultra-wide high gain band-beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna R A curve is varied with frequency f. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is MHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is gain G R The unit is dBi. Throughout the wholeWithin the band (560-680 MHz), the real gain is G R =5.92 to 7.30dBi, the gain loss due to beamforming is about 1 to 1.5dBi.
Fig. 16 is a plot of E-plane half power beamwidth HPBW as a function of frequency f for an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna. As can be seen, the E-plane half-power beamwidth ranges over the entire band (560-680 MHz): hpbw=14.35° to 16.12 °.
Fig. 17 is a plot of elevation angle over frequency f for an E-plane beam of an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna. As can be seen, the elevation angle range on the E-plane beam is: 4.782-4.817 deg..
Fig. 18 shows the H-plane out-of-roundness of an ultra-wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna as a function of frequency f. As shown in the figure, the out-of-roundness of the H plane (theta=90°) is less than 0.68dBi in the whole frequency band (560 to 680 MHz), and the radiation uniformity of the azimuth plane is excellent.
Fig. 19 efficiency η for wide high gain band beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna A Curve as a function of frequency f. As can be seen, the efficiency of the antenna is greater than 93.5% and is very high in the frequency band (560 to 680 MHz).
The foregoing is merely a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit or define the invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will occur to those skilled in the art, and many other applications and fields of use. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-tilting omnidirectional antenna is characterized by comprising a first wideband subarray and a second wideband subarray which are coaxially arranged on the same medium substrate, wherein the array elements of the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarray are unequal in number, the minimum array element number is 1, the array elements are U-shaped symmetrical oscillators, each oscillator comprises two symmetrical U-shaped arms, the two U-shaped arms are respectively positioned on the front surface and the back surface of the medium substrate, and a feed wire is further arranged on the medium substrate and is used for connecting the first wideband subarray and the second wideband subarrayEach vibrator of the array, the feed wires of the first broadband subarray and the second broadband subarray are parallel double-conductor feed lines arranged on the front side and the back side of the medium substrate, the first broadband subarray and the second broadband subarray are connected with a feed cable through the feed wires, the characteristic impedance of the two sections of the feed cable respectively connected with the first broadband subarray and the second broadband subarray is Z 01 And Z 02 Input impedance Z of the first and second wideband subarrays in1 、Z in2 Respectively equal to the characteristic impedance of its feed cable, namely: z is Z 01 ＝Z in1 ，Z 02 ＝Z in2 ；
The tail ends of the two sections of feed cables are respectively connected with a characteristic impedance Z 03 、Z 04 The quarter wavelength cable conversion section of (2) is connected with the total cable, and the characteristic impedance Z of the feed cable 01 And Z 02 Length L 01 And L 02 The following mathematical relationship is satisfied:
L 01 ＝(2πλ 1 )×(5γ)×sin(πθ/180)+(λ 1 /λ 2 )L 02
in the relation, lambda 1 、λ 2 Characteristic impedance Z 01 And Z 02 In the feed cable, gamma is the electrical length coefficient of the array element spacing, i.e. the array element spacing is gamma lambda 0 ，λ 0 The wavelength in vacuum, θ is the upward angle of the beam, i.e. the angle between the main lobe of the beam and the horizontal direction.
2. The ultra-wideband high gain beam upward pointing omni-directional antenna of claim 1, wherein the two cable transition sections are connected by a three-hole feed slot, a third hole of the three-hole feed slot connecting characteristic impedance Z 0 Total cable of =50Ω, the other end of the total cable is connected to the radio frequency connector.
3. The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the ends of the vibrator arms of the first wideband subarray are provided with longitudinal L-shaped grooves, the vibrator center of the first wideband subarray is symmetrically loaded with a pair of first subarray parasitic branches, and the vibrator center of the second wideband subarray is symmetrically loaded with a pair of second subarray parasitic branches.
4. The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna of claim 3, wherein the first sub-array parasitic branches are arranged along the vibrator arms with gaps left between the first sub-array parasitic branches and the vibrator arms, the centers of the first sub-array parasitic branches protrude inwards to the middle of the vibrator until the gaps between the two arms of the vibrator, the first sub-array parasitic branches on two sides are not contacted, and the bottom ends of the vibrator arms of the first wideband sub-array are provided with bulges on one side facing to the tail ends.
5. The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna of claim 4, wherein the U-shaped arm of the second wideband sub-array is an upper arm, the U-shaped arm is a lower arm, the U-shaped arm is a middle position, the upper and lower arms are overlapped but not electrically connected, the second sub-array parasitic branch is arranged along the sub-array arm, a gap is left between the second sub-array parasitic branch and the sub-array arm, the center of the second sub-array parasitic branch protrudes inwards, fits the outline of the sub-array arm, but does not extend to the middle of the sub-array.
6. The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-looking omni-directional antenna of claim 5, wherein the sum of the two U-shaped arms of the elements of the first wideband sub-array and the second wideband sub-array is (0.3-0.5) & lambda C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength.
7. The ultra-wideband high gain beam upward pointing omni-directional antenna according to claim 6, wherein the feed cable, the cable transformation section, and the total cable are all routed along a central axis of the antenna, and the feed cable, the cable transformation section, and the total cable are multi-spot welded with one side of the feed conductor.
8. The ultra-wideband high-gain beam upward-looking omnidirectional antenna of claim 7, wherein the feed conductor is a parallel double-conductor feed line, and is formed by cascading a plurality of different-length and width conversion segments along the array direction and coinciding with the array axis; the center position is a feeding point, the two ends are short-circuit points, the feeding point is a non-metallized via hole, the upper part and the lower part are provided with bonding pads, the short-circuit points are metallized via holes, and feeder lines arranged on the front surface and the back surface of the medium substrate are communicated.
9. The ultra-wideband high gain beam tilt-up omni-directional antenna of claim 8, comprising a radome having an open bottom end and a closed top end and disposed coaxially with the antenna.
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| CN112216970B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-02-24 | 杭州泛利科技有限公司 | Miniaturized high-gain flexible unmanned aerial vehicle antenna |
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