CN107727832B - Method and device for determining hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of hydrocarbon source rock - Google Patents
Method and device for determining hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of hydrocarbon source rock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for determining hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of a hydrocarbon source rock. Acquiring geological parameters according to the target buried thermal evolution history, and converting the geological parameters into experimental conditions; carrying out hot-pressing simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experiment conditions; measuring an experimental product; carrying out organic element analysis, pyrolysis and organic carbon analysis on the experimental sample and the experimental solid residue after oil washing to obtain H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values of the experimental sample and the experimental solid residue; establishing a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio of the geological sample with the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample and the geological maturity Ro to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental sample corresponding to each experimental temperature point; and obtaining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the experimental sample in different maturation periods according to the measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the geological maturity Ro, and drawing a hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curve. The invention provides a quick, accurate and effective basic parameter determination method for realizing the evaluation of the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the target horizon hydrocarbon source rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of evaluation and analysis of oil and gas resources, and relates to a method and a device for determining hydrocarbon discharge efficiency of a hydrocarbon source rock.
Background
In the oil and gas resource evaluation work, according to an oil and gas system, the quality, the hydrocarbon generation capacity, the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency, the loss amount in the migration process and the oil and gas dispersion amount of the hydrocarbon source rock in a certain area need to be known, so that the oil and gas resource amount of the hydrocarbon source rock in the certain area can be finally estimated. Among these factors, the difference in the recognition of the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency is the largest, and the value is varied from 40% to 90%, which results in great difference in resource evaluation results. The hydrocarbon discharging process of the hydrocarbon source rock is the result of the combined action of various geological factors, and from the definition of the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency, the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency is the percentage value of discharged hydrocarbon to the total hydrocarbon generation amount, so the influencing factors comprise the influence factors of the hydrocarbon generation capacity, including organic matter type, organic matter abundance, thermal maturity, hydrocarbon discharging medium space and physical properties influencing the hydrocarbon discharging, rock hole-seam structure in the aspect of hydrocarbon discharging power, pressure gradient, medium surface physical properties and the like. Determining the hydrocarbon-expelling efficiency of a source rock is therefore a complex problem that cannot be circumvented by oil and gas exploration.
With respect to the quantitative method of hydrocarbon-source rock hydrocarbon-discharging efficiency, a great deal of research and many methods have been made and proposed by the former, and there are two main categories on the outline: the method is a method for evaluating geological elements and process information, and comprises a residual hydrocarbon content method, a multiphase seepage theory method, a hydrocarbon saturation method, a geological comparison method and the like, and the method is a method for combining experiments and geology according to pyrolysis experimental data, and comprises an original hydrocarbon generation potential recovery method, a hydrocarbon generation potential method, a material balance method and the like. However, each method has its own disadvantages, such as hydrocarbon expulsion threshold theory (pompons, 1995) is a representative residual hydrocarbon method, although various hydrocarbon expulsion phase states are considered, parameters Krb, Krw and Kro of adsorbed hydrocarbon, water soluble hydrocarbon and oil soluble hydrocarbon used in the calculation of the residual hydrocarbon amount are difficult to directly measure, and although the loss of light hydrocarbon is considered, in the actual operation, the data of surface core extract after the increase of pressure gradient and the loss of light hydrocarbon are applied, and the result is larger because of the difference with geological conditions. The disadvantage of the multiple percolation theory is that the minimum critical saturation is required to be more than 20%, and it is obviously very difficult to expel a large amount of hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon saturation method assumes that the hydrocarbon saturation of the fluid discharged from the source rock and retained in the source rock is the same, but there is no geological basis for explaining that a multiphase fluid with water is always present in the process of discharging hydrocarbons, which is contrary to the fact that the hydrocarbons in the initial state of discharging hydrocarbons are discharged from the source rock and are not discharged outside. The geologic mapping method has the problem that the geologic reserves determined by the geological mapping method change along with the deepening of exploration, and the geologic reserves evaluated in most cases are much smaller than the actual discharge amount. The invention discloses a multi-geological-factor quantitative evaluation hydrocarbon discharge efficiency method (application No. 201510626815.5, publication No. CN105243204A), which discloses a geological evaluation method model under 4 geological factors of organic matter abundance, organic matter type, maturity and source storage configuration relation on the basis of establishing a light hydrocarbon recovery coefficient evaluation model by taking PY-GC experimental system data as a basis and providing a typical well hydrocarbon discharge efficiency evaluation by combining a hydrocarbon generation potential method and a hydrocarbon generation measured value (including hydrocarbon production rate and residue maturity Ro parameters); the method has the defects that the light dydrocarbon recovery and maturity are marked, the used PY-GC pyrolysis experimental method does not consider the influence of pressure on the generation of total hydrocarbon and light dydrocarbon, the recovery coefficient of the light dydrocarbon does not represent the condition of a geological semi-closed hydrocarbon generation and discharge system, the difference of an organic matter thermal maturity index Ro under the conditions of different experimental heating rates, pressures and the like can reach more than 0.2 percent, the actually measured Ro of the used experimental residues is not corrected, the error value is close to the horizontal coordinate section in an application example, and people can easily question the accuracy of the result. The method is more prone to analyzing the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency under the influence of various geological factors, the light hydrocarbon quantity of the method needs to be estimated by establishing a light hydrocarbon recovery coefficient evaluation model based on PY-GC experiment system data of other samples, direct data is not available, and consideration of geological conditions such as hydrocarbon discharge modes, pressure simulation and the like is not indicated in hydrocarbon generation and discharge experiments.
The hydrocarbon threshold method, which is practically implemented, uses a core whose residual hydrocarbons are extracted and compared with the maximum hydrocarbon potential of a low-grade sample to obtain the hydrocarbon-discharging efficiency. Obviously, because the pressure gradient of the underground rock core is increased sharply when the underground rock core is lifted to the earth surface, the hydrocarbons are discharged from the surface of the rock core, and the hydrocarbons are placed and smeared in the rock core library in the later period, the retained hydrocarbons are seriously inconsistent with the condition under the stratum, and the result of the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency overestimates the geological real condition.
Generally, the methods have the defects of requiring a large amount of geological sample data demonstration, being different from geological conditions and the like, increasing the time cost required by complete data collection and reducing the reliability of evaluation results.
Along with the deepening of unconventional oil gas and deep oil gas exploration, higher requirements are put forward on the accuracy of oil gas resource evaluation, and a hydrocarbon discharge efficiency evaluation method which is more accurate, close to geological conditions, convenient and rapid and convenient to popularize and apply needs to be explored urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for determining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of a hydrocarbon source rock. The method for determining the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging efficiency based on the hydrocarbon generation and discharge experiment under the simulated geological condition effectively reduces the requirement on geological data, increases the reliability of results, improves the precision, and achieves the application purposes of convenience, rapidness, convenience for popularization and application, effectiveness and precision.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a method of determining the hydrocarbon-removal efficiency of a source rock, comprising the steps of:
acquiring geological parameters according to the target burial thermal evolution history, and converting the geological parameters into experimental conditions;
step two, performing a hot-pressing simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experiment conditions;
step three, measuring an experimental product;
step four, carrying out organic element analysis, pyrolysis and organic carbon analysis on the experimental sample and the experimental solid residue after oil washing to obtain H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values of the experimental sample and the experimental solid residue;
establishing a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio of the geological sample with the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample and the geological maturity Ro to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental sample corresponding to the experimental temperature points;
and step six, obtaining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the experimental sample in different geological maturity periods according to the measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the geological maturity Ro, and drawing a hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curve.
In the above method, preferably, the geological parameters include a low-maturity source rock experimental sample, a lithostatic pressure value, a fluid pressure value and thermal maturity progress parameters such as Ro corresponding to a key thermal maturity stage in a burial thermal evolution process.
In the method, the first step extracts geological conditions by solving the buried thermal evolution history of the research target so as to convert the geological conditions into experimental conditions. Collecting and knowing the spatial development condition of a target layer in a research area, the low-maturity sample acquirable condition, the burial thermal evolution history of a typical position of a hydrocarbon-producing stove and the formation pressure evolution history data, and acquiring a low-maturity source rock experimental sample, and the static rock pressure and the fluid pressure value corresponding to a key thermal maturity stage in the burial thermal evolution process.
In the method, in the geology, if abnormal pressure does not exist, hydrostatic pressure is used, and if abnormal pressure exists, the pressure of formation fluid can be used; in the laboratory, fluid pressure is used. In order to fully consider the representation of geological hydrostatic pressure and abnormal pressure in a laboratory, the hydrostatic pressure x the pressure coefficient is equal to the fluid pressure, and the pressure coefficient is 1 under normal pressure. The difference is expressed by adjusting the pressure coefficient.
In the above method, preferably, the method for converting the obtained geological parameters into experimental conditions is as follows: the experimental temperature point, the constant temperature time and the experimental pressure are determined according to geological parameters, specifically, the key point and the key turning point are selected from a buried thermal evolution history map of a research area, the temperature point and the constant temperature time which are required by the experiment and can reach the maturity under the same geological condition are obtained by hydrocarbon generation dynamics calculation according to a constant temperature experimental mode, and the experimental pressure is directly obtained from the buried dead rock pressure and the stratum pressure of the key point and the key turning point in the buried thermal evolution history map.
In the above method, preferably, the hot-pressing simulation experiment of the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experimental conditions includes the specific steps of:
selecting a low-maturity shallow well or fresh outcrop whole rock sample, crushing the sample to ensure that the granularity of the sample is kept between 15 and 60 meshes, and loading the sample;
inputting experiment temperature points, constant temperature time and experiment pressure set by experiment conditions in experiment control software, and applying static rock pressure to a sample;
after the reaction kettle and the collecting device are vacuumized, injecting deionized water from the lower end of the reaction kettle to saturate the sample with water, and starting a hot-pressing simulation experiment when the fluid pressure reaches a set range;
setting a hydrocarbon discharge pressure threshold according to a mode of continuous seepage hydrocarbon discharge on the whole underground rock stratum, starting a pneumatic valve when the pressure detected at the upper end exceeds a target value, enabling a pressure multiplier to slowly discharge hydrocarbon to balance pressure, closing the pneumatic valve when the fluid pressure detected at the upper end is in a required range, and repeating the hydrocarbon discharge in such a way; and finally collecting the experimental product.
In the method, the hot-pressing simulation experiment is carried out on the hydrocarbon source rock according to the two experimental conditions, the experimental sample setting, the heating and pressurizing program setting, the hydrocarbon discharging condition setting, the product collecting condition and the like are respectively carried out in the measurement of the experimental product, wherein the hydrocarbon discharging condition is set as the core.
In the above process, the hydrocarbon discharge conditions are one of the main factors affecting the final hydrocarbon discharge efficiency results. In terms of mechanism, the discharged hydrocarbon does not evolve into natural gas any more or slowly, and the unexhausted hydrocarbon is extremely easy to crack into natural gas at high temperature, which affects the discharged hydrocarbon components and quantity. Secondly, the hydrocarbon discharging mode also influences the discharged hydrocarbon components and quantity, and the hydrocarbon discharging mode comprises a plurality of modes of so-called curtain hydrocarbon discharging, continuous seepage hydrocarbon discharging and closed and open systems, wherein the so-called curtain hydrocarbon discharging is realized in a laboratory in a mode of greatly opening the discharged hydrocarbon and reducing pressure, a pneumatic valve device is used, only a switch is used, the discharged quantity is not quantitatively controlled, and the geological condition is not met; the closed system has the problem that the generated oil is continuously cracked because the generated oil is not discharged in time, which is not consistent with the geological condition; the open systems also deviate significantly from geological conditions due to incomplete reactions. The quantitative hydrocarbon discharge control mode is adopted to simulate the geological process according to the modes of micro-crack hydrocarbon discharge, pressure reduction, energy storage and pressure rise, re-cracking and hydrocarbon discharge in the geology, so that the geological pressure change rule is met, the reaction is more complete, and the hydrocarbon discharge is more in accordance with the geological fact.
The method is characterized in that a shallow well or a fresh outcrop full-rock sample is selected as a sample as low as possible, the sample is crushed, the granularity is kept at 15-60 meshes, and the method aims to eliminate the heterogeneity of the sample and keep the pore structure of a geological sample.
The experimental device adopted by the hot-pressing simulation experiment is a hot-pressing simulation experimental device for the whole process of hydrocarbon generation and discharge of the rock formation (the patent number is 201210216250.X), and the whole content of the experimental device is incorporated by reference; or a hot-pressing simulation experiment device which is conventional in the field is adopted. According to the experimental result of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge semi-closed system experiment, the experiment temperature and the constant temperature time are set, and the geological static rock pressure and the fluid pressure value corresponding to the thermal evolution degree are set. In order to avoid the difference between the hydrocarbon generation reaction and the geological condition caused by the high temperature of the experiment, the experiment temperature is limited within the critical temperature range of water, and the evolution process of hydrocarbon generation and discharge is improved by adding a simulation experiment. The statolitic pressure is achieved by applying axial mechanical pressure to the sample by an up and down hydraulic press, and the fluid pressure is achieved by the following hydrocarbon expulsion control means and arrangement.
When experimental products are collected, discharged hydrocarbon firstly enters a gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is arranged in a cold trap to fix liquid hydrocarbon at normal temperature, and C1-C4 gaseous hydrocarbon enters a gas collecting device connected with the rear end to be metered and sampled. After the experiment, the liquid hydrocarbon is pretreated by dehydration, deslagging and the like to be quantitatively analyzed in various tests. It should be specially noted that the gas-liquid separator can be replaced by other devices to meet the requirements of collecting or metering light hydrocarbon C5-C14, and the specific method refers to the patent application "a collecting liquid-separating container and a method for measuring light hydrocarbon content by using the device" (application No. 201610529352.5, publication No. CN106178604A), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety; or refer to the patent application "a method for estimating the amount of light hydrocarbon products in hydrocarbon generation and discharge thermal simulation experiments" (application No. 201610527943.9, publication No. CN105974028A), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. The hydrocarbons discharged during the experiment were discharged hydrocarbons, which included gaseous hydrocarbons and liquid hydrocarbons; wherein, the gaseous hydrocarbon is measured by the volume under normal temperature and normal pressure, and the liquid hydrocarbon is measured by the patent method or the full two-dimensional gas chromatography method in the hot-pressing simulation experiment.
In the above method, preferably, the experimental temperature points are set as a plurality of experimental simulation points within the range of 300-; and (4) rapidly raising the temperature to the experimental temperature point by controlling the temperature, and keeping the temperature for 72-480 h.
In the method, preferably, when the hot-pressing simulation experiment is carried out, the pressure applying part of the oil pump is used for respectively applying pressure to the sample and the kettle bottom of the hot-pressing simulation experiment device so as to simulate the static rock pressure borne by the stratum; simulating formation fluid pressure by injecting distilled water; preferably, the hydrocarbon expulsion pressure threshold is set at 0.2 times the formation fluid pressure.
In the above method, preferably, the experimental product includes a purge hydrocarbon and a retentate hydrocarbon.
In the above method, the experimental products are divided according to the position, wherein the discharged hydrocarbon and the retained hydrocarbon comprise gaseous hydrocarbon and liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the oil in the liquid hydrocarbon can be divided into conventional oil (mainly C14) and light hydrocarbon (C5-C14 components), and the conventional oil comprises the discharged oil and the retained oil.
Among the above methods, preferably, the specific method for metering the experimental product is: measuring the volume of the discharged gas at normal pressure, taking a part of the sample, and analyzing chromatographic components to determine the volume percentage content of the hydrocarbon gas as the quantification of the gaseous hydrocarbon of the discharged hydrocarbon; collecting the liquid in a gas-liquid separation tank of a cold trap at the temperature of-20 ℃, washing the liquid, a hydrocarbon discharge pipeline, a device, the inner wall of a reaction kettle and the surface of a sample by using dichloromethane to obtain a solution, determining the volume of the solution, then carrying out chromatographic full-oil analysis, and carrying out absolute quantification by adopting an external standard method to serve as the quantification of the liquid hydrocarbon of the discharged hydrocarbon; the experimental solid residue was ground again to 60 mesh or less, soaked in methylene chloride, washed with oil by sonication for 30 minutes for 3 times in total, and the eluate was subjected to volumetric quantitation and chromatographic total oil analysis to quantify the retained hydrocarbon, i.e., liquid hydrocarbon.
In the above method, preferably, the specific method for establishing the relation between the H/C atomic ratio and the geological maturity Ro of the geological sample having the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample to obtain the geological maturity Ro value corresponding to each experimental temperature point of the experimental sample comprises:
counting geological samples with the same or similar organic matter types as the experimental samples, establishing a relational expression of H/C atomic ratios of the geological samples and the geological maturity Ro, and substituting the experimental sample experiments of the experimental temperature points and the H/C atomic ratios of the solid residues after oil washing into the relational expression, so as to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental samples corresponding to the experimental temperature points.
Among the above methods, preferably, the specific method for plotting the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency curve is:
and drawing hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curves of different geological maturity stages by taking the numerical values of the obtained experimental samples at different maturity stages as vertical coordinates and taking the geological maturity Ro values of the obtained experimental samples corresponding to the experimental temperature points as horizontal coordinates.
In the above process, the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency is defined as: the quotient of the discharged hydrocarbon (including light hydrocarbon) and the total hydrocarbon generation amount reaching the temperature point is the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency; the oil drainage efficiency is determined by changing the discharged hydrocarbon of the molecule into the discharged liquid hydrocarbon and the denominator into the total oil production.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for determining the hydrocarbon-discharging efficiency of a source rock, comprising:
the acquisition and conversion module is used for acquiring geological parameters according to the target burial thermal evolution history and converting the geological parameters into experimental conditions;
the hot-pressing simulation experiment module is used for carrying out a hot-pressing simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experiment conditions;
the experimental product metering module is used for metering an experimental product;
the parameter value calculation module is used for carrying out organic element analysis, pyrolysis and organic carbon analysis on the experimental sample, the experiment of the experimental sample and the solid residue after oil washing to obtain H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values of the experimental sample and the solid residue;
the geological maturity calculation module is used for establishing a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio of a geological sample with the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample and the geological maturity Ro to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental sample corresponding to the experimental temperature points;
and the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency calculating module is used for obtaining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the experimental sample in different geological maturity periods and drawing a hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curve according to the measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the geological maturity Ro.
The method for determining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the hydrocarbon source rock is suitable for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of various types of hydrocarbon source rocks with various organic matter abundances, and the only requirement is that immature and low-mature experimental samples can be obtained, and the samples can be properly widened to the lowest mature samples of a target layer in a target area under the conditions of organic carbon recovery and hydrocarbon generation rate push-back. In practical applications, according to our research, the main control factors of the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency are maturity and hydrocarbon production capacity (organic matter type and TOC), effective hydrocarbon source rock with TOC > 1.0%, and no significant difference (10%) between the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency of high-TOC and low-TOC samples, so that no special requirement is made on the organic matter abundance of the samples. Of course, according to the situation, samples with different TOC can be selected to carry out experiments so as to meet the research requirement that the abundance of organic matters influences the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency. In the case of considering sand-mud interbed, the hydrocarbon-removing efficiency can be analyzed by taking the real core as a sample and calculating the hydrocarbon amount in the sand stratum into the hydrocarbon-removing amount.
The invention has the advantages that: on the basis of breakthrough of the latest light hydrocarbon metering technology and experimental technology, the light hydrocarbon is directly measured by using a body sample experiment loaded with pressure, thereby avoiding uncertainty caused by not considering pressure and not using the sample; the static rock pressure and the formation fluid pressure are loaded, so that the process of experimental hydrocarbon generation and discharge is the same as the geological process conditions, the statistical analysis of geological data is replaced by the experiment approaching the geological conditions, the uncertainty caused by the separation of a geological sample from the underground pressure conditions is overcome, a method for determining the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency of the hydrocarbon source rock is proposed, a quick, accurate and effective basic parameter determination method is provided for the evaluation of the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the hydrocarbon source rock at the target layer, theoretical technical support is provided for the conventional and unconventional oil and gas source storage configuration, the approval of academic circles is obtained, and the confirmation is confirmed for the exploration implementation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of determining hydrocarbon efficiency of a source rock in an example;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the buried thermal evolution history of the virtual well site of the hydrocarbon source rock of the Ordos basin extension group in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the statistical relationship between the H/C atomic ratio and the maturity Ro of the geological sample in the example;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the hydrocarbon production efficiency of mud shale of the Ordos basin extension group in the example;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the Ordos basin extended group shale of the example;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the structure of the apparatus for determining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of a source rock according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
Examples
The present implementation provides a method for determining the hydrocarbon-discharging efficiency of a source rock, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
s101: according to the target buried thermal evolution history, acquiring geological parameters and converting the geological parameters into experimental conditions, wherein the experimental conditions specifically comprise the following steps:
the buried thermal evolution history of the research target is solved, and geological conditions are extracted to be converted into experimental conditions. The research target is that the pyrolysis hydrogen index of 7 long-section hydrocarbon source rocks of the extension group of the triple-fold system of the Ordos basin is 201-417 mg/g, the type II2 kerogen accounts for 49%, the type II1 accounts for 40%, the maturity Ro is 0.76-1.1%, and the rocks are in a mature crude oil stage. The evolution history of the burial heat of the hydrocarbon source rock deposition center is shown in figure 2, an Easy Ro method technology is used for obtaining an experiment temperature reference value range, an experiment temperature point and constant temperature time of different constant temperature time are determined by referring to a water-adding closed experiment model of Lewan (1993), then the pressure condition of the experiment is determined according to the geological burial depth of the corresponding maturity point, and as shown in table 1, table 1 is a table of values of the experiment parameters of the hydrocarbon production and the geological calibration of the maturity.
TABLE 1
S102: carrying out hot-pressing simulation experiments on the hydrocarbon source rock according to experimental conditions, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the experimental sample is selected from 7-dark brown shale with a three-overlapping extension group on ZK808 wells (sections 221-234 m) in the basin and TmaxAt 440 ℃, the organic carbon content was 5.9%, the free hydrocarbon and pyrolysis hydrocarbon contents were 1.35mg/g and 23.23mg/g, respectively, and the hydrogen index was 394mg/g TOC, which is type II2 kerogen. Before the experiment, the sample is cleaned by distilled water, naturally dried and then crushed into 15-60 meshes.
The experiment selection is carried out on a direct-pressure hydrocarbon generation and discharge thermal simulation experiment system. The simulation of 8 experimental points is carried out at a 300-370 ℃ section in total, a sample sealed in the kettle body is heated by a thermocouple, the temperature and the temperature change rate are controlled by a computer, the experimental heating procedure is that the temperature is rapidly increased from 20 ℃ to the target temperature, and then the constant temperature is kept for 72-480 hours.
The sample and the kettle body are respectively pressed by a pressing part of the oil pump, so that the static rock pressure borne by the stratum is simulated and the kettle body is sealed. The pressure of formation fluid is simulated by injecting distilled water with certain pressure, a connection seepage mode is selected for a hydrocarbon discharge mode, the hydrocarbon discharge threshold value is 0.2 times of the pressure of the formation fluid, namely, hydrocarbon generation, pressure increase and hydrocarbon discharge are carried out in the hydrocarbon generation process, and the fluid pressure in the sample reaction kettle is always maintained to be 0.2 times of the set pressure value.
S103: measuring an experimental product, specifically:
the separation, collection and metering of gas-liquid two-phase products are realized through a semiconductor cold trap device and a gas-liquid separation tank. Specifically, the semiconductor cold trap was opened to cool the gas-liquid separation tank to-20 ℃ and maintain this state throughout the experiment. After the experiment is finished, dichloromethane is used for washing the surface of solid residues in a sample chamber, the inner wall of a kettle body and a hydrocarbon discharge pipeline, the solid residues and the inner wall of the kettle body and the hydrocarbon discharge pipeline are combined with liquid hydrocarbon in a gas-liquid separation and collection device to form discharged liquid hydrocarbon, and a multi-component mixture is required to be pretreated. Crushing the solid residue, and extracting with dichloromethane to obtain retained oil (liquid hydrocarbon retained in the hydrocarbon), wherein the solid residue is crushed to below 60 meshes, heating appropriate amount of dichloromethane, performing ultrasonic treatment with JK-2200 ultrasonic cleaner for 30 min to extract the solution, then continuing heating dichloromethane, performing ultrasonic treatment again for 3 times, and removing water, filtering, fixing volume and quantifying the obtained total solution as described above. All the collected gases are gas products, the total volume is measured at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the content of the gaseous hydrocarbon is measured by analyzing components through chromatography. It should be noted that the discharged liquid hydrocarbon and the retained hydrocarbon can be quantified by adopting the patent of 'a collecting and separating container and a method for measuring the content of light hydrocarbon by using the device' (application No. 201610529352.5, publication No. CN106178604A), so that the metering of the full-component liquid hydrocarbon can be achieved, and the problem of light hydrocarbon loss is solved.
S104: carrying out organic element analysis, pyrolysis and organic carbon analysis on experimental samples and experimental solid residues after oil washing to obtain H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values, which specifically comprise:
and carrying out organic element, pyrolysis and organic carbon detection analysis on the experimental samples, experimental sample experiments and the solid residues after oil washing to obtain the H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values. Before the organic element is measured, hydrochloric acid is firstly used for treating to remove inorganic carbon, and then a Vaio MICRO cube element analyzer is used for measuring the content of the carbon and hydrogen elements in residue samples of each experimental series according to the national standard GB/T19143-2003 'analysis method of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements in rock organic matter'. The organic carbon is measured by a CS-230HC carbon sulfur instrument according to the national standard GB/T19145-2003 'determination of total organic carbon in sedimentary rocks'. The pyrolysis is detected by a ROCK pyrolysis evaluator according to national standard GB/T18602-.
S105: establishing a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio and the geological maturity Ro of a geological sample with the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental sample corresponding to each experimental temperature point, wherein the relational expression specifically comprises the following steps:
counting geological samples with the same or similar organic matter types as the experimental samples, establishing a mathematical formula of statistical relation between H/C atomic ratio of the geological samples and the geological maturity Ro, substituting the H/C atomic ratio of the experimental samples at each experimental temperature point and the solid residue after oil washing into the relational formula, and obtaining the corresponding geological maturity Ro value of the experimental samples at each temperature point. The results of the determination of the reflectivity of kerogen elements and vitrinite and the statistical analysis of the relationship are shown in figure 3 by carrying out kerogen enrichment and organic solvent extraction on 22 mud rock samples of lake phase II1 from Songliao basin and 14 mud rock samples of Ordosi basin. The kerogen H/C atomic ratio and Ro show a logarithmic function relationship with high correlation degree, and the H/C atomic ratio is rapidly reduced along with the increase of maturity. In the same manner, 8 samples of solid residue from hydrocarbon generation and expulsion experiments were treated to determine the H/C atomic ratio of kerogen. According to the relationship between the obtained H/C atomic ratio of the kerogen in the geological sample and Ro, the geological Ro value corresponding to the corresponding experimental temperature point can be obtained, and the data is shown in Table 1. Obviously, the Easy Ro value is higher than the geological Ro value after calibration, and the actually-measured Ro value of the experimental product is higher than the geological Ro value by about 0.2-0.35, so that the great deviation of evaluating the hydrocarbon source rock crude oil by taking Easy Ro as a horizontal coordinate is eliminated.
S106: according to the measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the geological maturity Ro, the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency of the experimental sample in different geological maturity periods is obtained and a hydrocarbon discharge efficiency curve is drawn, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the yields of the respective types of products were determined. Based on the above calibration of the accurate measurement and maturity of the experimental product, the hydrocarbon generation efficiency of the experimental sample at different maturity stages can be obtained, as shown in fig. 4. The yields of gaseous hydrocarbons, retained hydrocarbons, vented hydrocarbons, total oil and total hydrocarbons are indicated in the figure, respectively. Overall, the sample began to produce hydrocarbons at Ro of 0.5%, reached a peak hydrocarbon production of about 1.0%, and had a hydrocarbon production rate of 275mg/gTOC and a hydrocarbon production rate of 320mg/gTOC at 1.3%. The overall trend for the retained oil yields was increasing and decreasing with increasing maturity, reaching a maximum of 110mg/gTOC at Ro of 1.0%. The total oil yield increases with the maturity and then decreases, with a maximum oil yield of 185mg/gTOC, corresponding to a Ro of 1.0%, after which the yield of gaseous hydrocarbons increases and exceeds 100 mg/gTOC. It can be seen from the changing characteristics of the retained hydrocarbons and the expelled hydrocarbons that the timing of the rapid increase of the expelled hydrocarbons is substantially the same as the timing of the decrease of the retained hydrocarbons, which is the time when the overall hydrocarbon yield is the fastest to increase.
The efficiency of the hydrocarbon removal is determined and the graph is plotted. The quotient of the hydrocarbon (including light hydrocarbon) to the total hydrocarbon production at that temperature point, defined as the hydrocarbon efficiency, is the hydrocarbon efficiency. The oil drainage efficiency is determined by changing the discharged hydrocarbon of the molecule into the discharged liquid hydrocarbon and the denominator into the total oil production. Based on the above accurate measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the maturity, the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency of the experimental sample at different maturity stages can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5. The hydrocarbon discharge efficiency is a relative hydrocarbon discharge efficiency calculated by taking the stage hydrocarbon production rate as a denominator. The effluent oil yield generally increased with increasing maturity, only decreasing at the point where Ro is 1.65% at 370 ℃. Analysis of the cause of the reduction of the discharged oil should be that the experiment is carried out at the high temperature stage of 370 ℃, and the cracking of the liquid hydrocarbon on the inner wall of the reaction kettle, which is originally metered as the discharged oil, is carried out at high temperature. As maturity increases, the efficiency of oil and hydrocarbon drainage increases, with the greatest increase in efficiency during peak periods of oil production where Ro is 1.0%. In the early stage before the peak of crude oil, the oil and hydrocarbon discharging efficiency is not high, the oil discharging efficiency is below 45 percent, and the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency is below 60 percent; in the later period of crude oil peak, both increase rapidly, and both reach more than 80% after Ro is more than 1.3%.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment further provides an apparatus for determining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of a source rock, as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus for determining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the source rock comprising:
the acquisition and conversion module 601 is used for acquiring geological parameters according to the target burial thermal evolution history and converting the geological parameters into experimental conditions;
the hot-pressing simulation experiment module 602 is used for performing a hot-pressing simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experiment conditions;
an experimental product metering module 603 for metering an experimental product;
a parameter value calculation module 604, configured to perform organic element analysis, pyrolysis and organic carbon analysis on the experimental sample and the solid residue after the experiment and oil washing to obtain H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values of the experimental sample and the solid residue;
the geological maturity calculation module 605 is configured to establish a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio of a geological sample having the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample and the geological maturity Ro, and obtain a geological maturity Ro value corresponding to each experimental temperature point of the experimental sample;
and the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency calculating module 606 is used for obtaining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the experimental sample in different geological maturity periods and drawing a hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curve according to the measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the geological maturity Ro.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned description of the apparatus according to the method embodiment may also include other embodiments, and specific implementation manners may refer to the description of the related method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The embodiment of the invention realizes the following technical effects: the method has the advantages that the simulation under the experimental conditions is carried out on the geological conditions such as the static rock pressure, the fluid pressure, the hydrocarbon discharging process, the light hydrocarbon, the maturity and the like, the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the representative hydrocarbon source rock stratum in a specific area can be simply and effectively determined through the separation, quantitative detection and analysis of products such as experimental samples, experimental solid residues, experimental gaseous hydrocarbons, liquid hydrocarbons including the light hydrocarbon, retained hydrocarbons and the like, and the technical effect of simply and accurately determining the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharging efficiency is achieved through the mode.
The present application is not limited to what has to be described in the embodiments of the present application. Certain industry standards, or implementations modified slightly from those described using custom modes or examples, may also achieve the same, equivalent, or similar, or other, contemplated implementations of the above-described examples. Examples of data acquisition/storage/determination and the like using these modifications or variations may still fall within the scope of alternative embodiments of the present application.
Although the present application provides method steps as described in an embodiment or flowchart, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an actual apparatus or end product executes, it may execute sequentially or in parallel (e.g., parallel processors or multi-threaded environments, or even distributed data processing environments) according to the method shown in the embodiment or the figures. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of additional identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the recited elements is not excluded.
The units, devices, modules, etc. set forth in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and are described separately. Of course, in implementing the present application, the functions of each module may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware, or a module implementing the same function may be implemented by a combination of a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units, and the like. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller as pure computer readable program code, the same functionality can be implemented by logically programming method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Such a controller may therefore be considered as a hardware component, and the means included therein for performing the various functions may also be considered as a structure within the hardware component. Or even means for performing the functions may be regarded as being both a software module for performing the method and a structure within a hardware component.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, classes, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like, and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a mobile terminal, a server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The application is operational with numerous general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or portable devices, tablet-type devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable electronic devices, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
While the present application has been described with examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims encompass such variations and permutations without departing from the spirit of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of determining the hydrocarbon-removal efficiency of a source rock, comprising the steps of:
acquiring geological parameters according to the target burial thermal evolution history, and converting the geological parameters into experimental conditions;
step two, performing a hot-pressing simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experiment conditions;
step three, measuring an experimental product;
step four, carrying out organic element analysis, pyrolysis and organic carbon analysis on the experimental sample and the experimental solid residue after oil washing to obtain H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values of the experimental sample and the experimental solid residue;
establishing a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio of the geological sample with the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample and the geological maturity Ro to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental sample corresponding to the experimental temperature points;
step six, obtaining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the experimental sample in different geological maturity periods according to the measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the geological maturity Ro, and drawing a hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curve;
the method for converting the obtained geological parameters into experimental conditions comprises the following steps: determining an experiment temperature point, constant temperature time and experiment pressure according to geological parameters, specifically, selecting a key point and a key turning point on a buried thermal evolution history map of a research area, and according to a constant temperature experiment mode, calculating by using hydrocarbon generation dynamics to obtain the experiment temperature point and the constant temperature time required by the experiment under the same maturity as geological conditions, wherein the experiment pressure is directly obtained from buried dead rock pressure and formation pressure of the key point and the key turning point in the buried thermal evolution history map;
the hot-pressing simulation experiment of the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experimental conditions comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a low-maturity shallow well or fresh outcrop whole rock sample, crushing the sample to ensure that the granularity of the sample is kept between 15 and 60 meshes, and loading the sample;
inputting experiment temperature points, constant temperature time and experiment pressure set by experiment conditions in experiment control software, and applying static rock pressure to a sample;
after the reaction kettle and the collecting device are vacuumized, injecting deionized water from the lower end of the reaction kettle to saturate the sample with water, and starting a hot-pressing simulation experiment when the fluid pressure reaches a set range;
setting a hydrocarbon discharge pressure threshold according to a mode of continuous seepage hydrocarbon discharge on the whole underground rock stratum, starting a pneumatic valve when the pressure detected at the upper end exceeds a target value, enabling a pressure multiplier to slowly discharge hydrocarbon to balance pressure, closing the pneumatic valve when the fluid pressure detected at the upper end is in a required range, and repeating the hydrocarbon discharge in such a way; and finally collecting the experimental product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the geological parameters comprise low-maturity source rock experimental samples, and static rock pressure values, fluid pressure values and thermal maturity progress parameters corresponding to key thermal maturity stages in the buried thermal evolution process.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the experimental temperature points are set as a plurality of experimental simulation points within the range of 300-370 ℃; and (4) rapidly raising the temperature to the experimental temperature point by controlling the temperature, and keeping the temperature for 72-480 h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the hot-pressing simulation experiment is carried out, a pressure applying part of an oil pump is used for respectively applying pressure to the sample and the kettle bottom of the hot-pressing simulation experiment device to simulate the static rock pressure borne by the stratum; formation fluid pressure is simulated by injecting distilled water.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the hydrocarbon expulsion pressure threshold is set at 0.2 times the formation fluid pressure.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the experimental products include vent hydrocarbons and retentate hydrocarbons.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the specific method for metering the experimental product comprises the following steps:
measuring the volume of the discharged gas at normal pressure, taking a part of the sample, and analyzing chromatographic components to determine the volume percentage content of the hydrocarbon gas as the quantification of the gaseous hydrocarbon of the discharged hydrocarbon; collecting the liquid in a gas-liquid separation tank of a cold trap at the temperature of-20 ℃, washing the liquid, a hydrocarbon discharge pipeline, a device, the inner wall of a reaction kettle and the surface of a sample by using dichloromethane to obtain a solution, determining the volume of the solution, then carrying out chromatographic full-oil analysis, and carrying out absolute quantification by adopting an external standard method to serve as the quantification of the liquid hydrocarbon of the discharged hydrocarbon; the experimental solid residue was ground again to 60 mesh or less, soaked in methylene chloride, washed with oil by sonication for 30 minutes for 3 times in total, and the eluate was subjected to volumetric quantitation and chromatographic total oil analysis to quantify the retained hydrocarbon, i.e., liquid hydrocarbon.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the specific method for establishing a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio and the geological maturity Ro of the geological sample with the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample to obtain the geological maturity Ro value of the experimental sample corresponding to each experimental temperature point comprises the following steps:
counting geological samples with the same or similar organic matter types as the experimental samples, establishing a relational expression of H/C atomic ratios of the geological samples and the geological maturity Ro, and substituting the experimental sample experiments of the experimental temperature points and the H/C atomic ratios of the solid residues after oil washing into the relational expression, so as to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental samples corresponding to the experimental temperature points.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the concrete method for drawing the hydrocarbon discharge efficiency curve comprises the following steps:
and drawing hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curves of different geological maturity stages by taking the numerical values of the obtained experimental samples at different maturity stages as vertical coordinates and taking the geological maturity Ro values of the obtained experimental samples corresponding to the experimental temperature points as horizontal coordinates.
10. An apparatus for determining the hydrocarbon removal efficiency of a source rock, the apparatus comprising:
the acquisition and conversion module is used for acquiring geological parameters according to the target burial thermal evolution history and converting the geological parameters into experimental conditions;
the hot-pressing simulation experiment module is used for carrying out a hot-pressing simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experiment conditions;
the experimental product metering module is used for metering an experimental product;
the parameter value calculation module is used for carrying out organic element analysis, pyrolysis and organic carbon analysis on the experimental sample, the experiment of the experimental sample and the solid residue after oil washing to obtain H/C atomic ratio, HI and TOC parameter values of the experimental sample and the solid residue;
the geological maturity calculation module is used for establishing a relational expression between the H/C atomic ratio of a geological sample with the same or similar organic matter type as the experimental sample and the geological maturity Ro to obtain geological maturity Ro values of the experimental sample corresponding to the experimental temperature points;
the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency calculating module is used for obtaining the hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the experimental sample in different geological maturity periods and drawing a hydrocarbon discharging efficiency curve according to the measurement of the experimental product and the calibration of the geological maturity Ro;
the method for converting the obtained geological parameters into experimental conditions comprises the following steps: determining an experiment temperature point, constant temperature time and experiment pressure according to geological parameters, specifically, selecting a key point and a key turning point on a buried thermal evolution history map of a research area, and according to a constant temperature experiment mode, calculating by using hydrocarbon generation dynamics to obtain the experiment temperature point and the constant temperature time required by the experiment under the same maturity as geological conditions, wherein the experiment pressure is directly obtained from buried dead rock pressure and formation pressure of the key point and the key turning point in the buried thermal evolution history map;
the hot-pressing simulation experiment of the hydrocarbon source rock according to the experimental conditions comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a low-maturity shallow well or fresh outcrop whole rock sample, crushing the sample to ensure that the granularity of the sample is kept between 15 and 60 meshes, and loading the sample;
inputting experiment temperature points, constant temperature time and experiment pressure set by experiment conditions in experiment control software, and applying static rock pressure to a sample;
after the reaction kettle and the collecting device are vacuumized, injecting deionized water from the lower end of the reaction kettle to saturate the sample with water, and starting a hot-pressing simulation experiment when the fluid pressure reaches a set range;
setting a hydrocarbon discharge pressure threshold according to a mode of continuous seepage hydrocarbon discharge on the whole underground rock stratum, starting a pneumatic valve when the pressure detected at the upper end exceeds a target value, enabling a pressure multiplier to slowly discharge hydrocarbon to balance pressure, closing the pneumatic valve when the fluid pressure detected at the upper end is in a required range, and repeating the hydrocarbon discharge in such a way; and finally collecting the experimental product.
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| CN110632274A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining hydrocarbon discharge efficiency of hydrocarbon source rock |
| CN109709299B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Organic carbon recovery coefficient evaluation method based on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion rate of hydrocarbon source rock |
| CN112114111A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating hydrocarbon-producing ability of organic acid salt in hydrocarbon source rock |
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| CN114113074A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for calculating oil discharge efficiency of saprolite type hydrocarbon source rock with high over maturity |
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