CN107727500A - A kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus and method for measuring tensile strength - Google Patents
A kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus and method for measuring tensile strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN107727500A CN107727500A CN201710911086.7A CN201710911086A CN107727500A CN 107727500 A CN107727500 A CN 107727500A CN 201710911086 A CN201710911086 A CN 201710911086A CN 107727500 A CN107727500 A CN 107727500A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002153 concerted effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
Abstract
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus and method for measuring tensile strength.The device includes：Base, tensioning system, data collecting system and loading system.Tensioning system includes the first drawing die being fixed on base and the second drawing die slided on guide rail, the side wall of two drawing dies rotates adjustable inclination around rotary screw, and fixes two relative trapezoidal drawing dies of opening by wedge and form the appearance soil space closed placement sample；Loading system is connected and fixed on base with tensioning system, the second drawing die tensile sample under the traction of loading system, and data collecting system is connected the data in collection drawing process with tensioning system and loading system.The present invention uses the trapezium structure drawing die of variable incidence, while effectively preventing that the soil body from sliding, avoids mould trapezium structure angle from crossing ambassador's soil body and produces end stress concentration and produce test error.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tensile strength field of measuring technique of the soil body, more particularly to a kind of measurement the variable of tensile strength to incline
Angle tensile test apparatus and method.
Background technology
Traditional soil strength theory often ignores tensile strength, however, in many Geotechnical Engineerings, soil body tensile characteristics
All play very important important function.For example, the engineering such as banketed in earth dam, refuse landfill seepage control layer, Expressway Embankment
In clay compaction, can bear due to tension destroy caused by cracking；The generation on some soil-slopes landslide is also derived from
The drawing crack of its top soil body.Therefore, tensile strength index is indispensable important parameter in the related geotechnical engineering problems of evaluation.
The method that a kind of tensile strength to the soil body of the prior art is tested is：Uniaxial direct tensile instrument, uniaxial direct tensile
Instrument is divided into the class of stretched vertically peace horizontal-type stretching two, and horizontal soil body test for tensile strength device can effectively avoid the shadow of gravity
Ring, have been shown to have preferable test effect.In the correlative study of horizontal uniaxial direct tensile instrument, the fixation problem of sample is limit
Make the difficult point of its development.One of its solution, it is to be clinged its end with tensilometer using adhesive, another solution party
Case, it is the form that stretching clamp plane is designed to " both ends are wide, centre is narrow ".
The shortcomings that method that a kind of above-mentioned tensile strength to the soil body of the prior art is tested is：In horizontal
In tension test, one of the research, solution to the fixation problem of sample is to be glued its end with tensilometer using adhesive
Tightly, this method is on the one hand cumbersome, also easily produces stress concentration in sample end in addition；Another solution, it is
Stretching clamp plane is designed to " both ends are wide, centre is narrow ", but the design in existing research to transition inclination angle depend on greatly through
Test, and inclination angle is all fixed, it is impossible to according to the suitable angle of different choice of the measurement soil body.
In the design of horizontal soil body test for tensile strength device, the angle of inclination of fixing mould side wall is the key of design,
A rational angle is determined, mould is provided enough " attachment means " to avoid sliding when more than this angle, if choosing
The angle selected is excessive, can produce end stress concentration.Therefore, it is necessary to calculate depanning in horizontal soil body test for tensile strength
Have the minimum angles that must be greater than, increasing appropriate angle on the basis of minimum angle herein can be to meet test requirements document.
The content of the invention
The embodiment provides a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus and method for measuring tensile strength, with solution
The problem of in certainly above-mentioned background technology.
To achieve these goals, this invention takes following technical scheme.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus for measuring tensile strength, its
It is characterised by, including：Base, tensioning system, data collecting system and loading system, the tensioning system and the loading system
Mechanically connect, the data collecting system connects with the tensioning system, loading system, the tensioning system and the base machine
Tool connects；
The tensioning system includes the first drawing die, the second drawing die and wedge, first drawing die and
Second drawing die all includes side wall, rotary screw, T-shaped end wall and knob respectively, and the second drawing die also includes guide rail, two
The side wall of drawing die is rotated for changing inclination angle, the T-shaped end wall and institute respectively around the corresponding rotary screw
State side wall and after knob fixation, formed the trapezoidal appearance soil spaces with opening of two closings, first stretching respectively
The opening of mould and the second drawing die is staggered relatively, and the appearance soil space to form closing is fixed by the wedge for placing
Sample；
The loading system, there is provided tractive force is being fixed on the guide rail first line of a couplet of base with second drawing die
It is dynamic, for tensile sample；
The data collecting system, for gathering the data during variable incidence tension test.
Preferably, described device, in addition to：Die bottom plate, angle graduated scale, and computer；
For the angle graduated scale on the die bottom plate, the drawing die side wall surrounds the rotary screw at top
During rotation, determined to go to purpose angle according to angle graduated scale, and the side wall is fixed on bottom plate with the knob；
Data during the data collecting system collection variable incidence tension test, computer is passed to by data syn-chronization
In.
Preferably, hollow wall trench is set in one end of the T-shaped end wall；
The position of the T-shaped end wall is moved with the rotation of the side wall, and after the side wall rotates, the knob is fixed not
Dynamic, the hollow wall trench of the T-shaped end wall moves along knob, and the T-shaped end wall is formed into having for closing with the side wall opens
Screwed behind the trapezoidal appearance soil space of mouth.
Preferably, the tensioning system is connected first drawing die and second stretching die by wedge
Tool, the wedge are separately fixed on the base below two moulds by two knobs；
It is described on the knob and the rotary screw of the hollow wall trench of the T-shaped end wall of first drawing die
Knob is all extend on the base, the first drawing die is fixed on base when knob screws and is remained stationary as；
The knob of second drawing die is extended downwardly into and remained to maintain an equal level and the mould bottom with the die bottom plate
Plate is servo-actuated.
Preferably, first drawing die, which is fixed on base, remains stationary as；
The die bottom plate of second drawing die is placed on the guide rail along guide rail without Frictional Slipping, described to lead
Rail is fixed on the base；
First drawing die and second drawing die are kept in the same horizontal line.
Preferably, described loading system, including：Motor, motor connection unit and Loading Control device；
Second drawing die passes through the motor connection unit and the motor linkage；
The motor connects with the Loading Control device, the system of motor described in the Loading Control device intelligent control
It is dynamic.
Preferably, described data collecting system, including：Number adopts dial gauge and strain gauge；
The number adopts one end for having hollow slip wall trench that dial gauge is arranged on the T-shaped end wall of second mould；
The strain gauge is arranged between the tensioning system and the loading system, is connected by the motor
Unit is connected linkage with the motor.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of variable incidence stretching test method for measuring tensile strength, should
For the device of preceding claim, methods described includes：
During one-shot measurement, first drawing die and the second drawing die opening are mounted opposite in mould
Have on bottom plate, the side wall is rotated to the respective angles of needs, the knob for determining to tighten among rotary screw after angle makes side
Wall is fixed；The T-shaped end wall of two drawing dies is moved respectively after the side wall forms the appearance soil space of closing,
Tightening the knob on the T-shaped end wall makes T-shaped end wall fixed；Wedge is inserted by first drawing die and described the
The knob that two drawing dies are closely joined together and tightened on the wedge is fixed；First drawing die is consolidated
It is scheduled on base, the bottom plate of second drawing die is placed on guide rail along guide rail to be fixed on without Frictional Slipping, the guide rail
On base, first drawing die and the second drawing die are kept in the same horizontal line；
After installing the tensioning system, the soil body to be measured is put into tensioning system, and list is connected by the motor
The motor is closely connected by member with the tail end of the T-shaped end wall of second drawing die；
The knob of wedge is turned on, wedge is taken out, starts the motor, the strain gauge sum adopts dial gauge
Servo-actuated corresponding beginning gathered data；Terminate to test when the soil body is pulled off.
Preferably, the side wall is rotated to the respective angles of needs, determines to tighten the rotation among rotary screw after angle
Button makes side wall fixed, including：
The side wall rotates to the respective angles of needs, as follows to the calculation of the respective angles minimum value：
Force analysis is integrally carried out to the soil body in the tensioning system to be obtained：The soil body is by along the equal of the side wall inclined plane
Cloth pressure p and uniform friction f, it is load by evenly load equivalent-simplification suffered by the soil body；
The soil body for being chosen at the second drawing die part carries out force analysis, and the side wall applies two to the soil body
Power：Pressure F perpendicular to inclined-planeN, along the frictional force F on inclined-planeμ, making a concerted effort for the two power is FS, it is β-α, α with x-axis angular separation
For the side wall inclined plane and x-axis angular separation, β is resultant direction and the side wall inclined plane angle, and F is pulling force suffered by the soil body, then：
FN=pS
Fμ=μ FN=fS
Wherein：S be the side wall inclined plane the gross area, confficients of static friction of the μ between the soil body and the side wall；
The soil body in the tensioning system is analyzed under F effects caused by the constraint applied by loading system
Deformation, to the soil body institute stress F of the second drawing die part of tensionSDecomposed along x, y direction, force analysis has：
F=2FSx
FSy=FSx tan(β-α)
Wherein, FSx、FSyRespectively FSAlong the component in x, y direction；
The soil body in the tensioning system is kept the constant of shape and position in tension, that is, ensure the soil body along side edge
Edge occur without sliding, it is necessary to ensure the practical distortion amount in x directions no more than the soil body due to cut it is swollen caused by x directions deflection；
Strain increment of the soil body along x, y direction is represented by respectively：
For x directions：
For y directions：
Wherein：Δξx、ΔξyFor the strain increment in x, y direction, Δ lx、ΔlyFor the deflection in x, y direction, lx、lyFor by
The power soil body is in the characteristic length in x, y direction, ESFor the modulus of compressibility of the soil body, the modulus of compressibility from stiffness parameters for the soil body, just
The size of degree parameter does not influence the final determination at side wall inclination angle；
According to above-mentioned constraints, have：
Wherein, ψ is soil body dilative angle；
Simultaneous above equation can solve：
Abbreviation has：
Tan [arctan (1/ μ)-α] tan α >=tan ψ,
Thus side wall inclination angle minimum value α is tried to achieve, it is basic herein after determining the angle minimum value of rotation needed for side wall inclination angle
On, angle value of the selection more than minimum angles appropriate value.
Preferably, it is described to terminate to test when the soil body is pulled off, including：
After the strain gauge sum adopts dial gauge gathered data, by data synchronization transmissions to computer；
When the soil body is pulled off, the data shown on computer can produce obvious jump, show that experiment terminates, now calculate
Machine stops data collection, and closes the motor and terminates to test, and removes tensioning system, weighs the quality of the soil body, and record data is right
Data carry out calculating analysis, draw corresponding Tensile strength data.
The embodiment of the present invention is using variable incidence it can be seen from the technical scheme provided by embodiments of the invention described above
Trapezium structure drawing die, while effectively preventing that the soil body from sliding, mould trapezium structure angle is avoided to cross the generation of ambassador's soil body
End stress is concentrated and produces test error；The present apparatus can provide different inclination angles according to various soil mass, have stronger adaptation
Property, and present apparatus overall structure is simple, easy to operate, cost is cheap easily manufactured.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, and these will become from the following description
Obtain substantially, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without having to pay creative labor, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus for measuring tensile strength provided in an embodiment of the present invention and method
Test for tensile strength device top view；
Fig. 2 is a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus for measuring tensile strength provided in an embodiment of the present invention and method
Test for tensile strength device side view；
Fig. 3 is a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus for measuring tensile strength provided in an embodiment of the present invention and method
Tension earth stress analysis chart；
Fig. 4 is a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus for measuring tensile strength provided in an embodiment of the present invention and method
For force analysis Fig. 1 of the right side tension soil body in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus for measuring tensile strength provided in an embodiment of the present invention and method
For right side tension soil body Overall Analysis Fig. 2 in Fig. 3；
Wherein, the hollow wall trench of 1-T-shaped end wall, 2-T-shaped end wall, 3-rotatable side wall, 4-knob (share 10 rotations
Button), 5-rotary screw, 6-number adopts dial gauge, 7-strain gauge, 8-motor and transmission system, 9-electric-motor drive
Bar, 10-wedge, 11-trapezoidal angle graduated scale (totally 4), 12-strain gauge, 13-trapezoidal die bottom plate, 14-
Base, 15-guide rail, 16-motor, 17-control and transmission system.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element is represented to same or similar label eventually or there is the element of same or like function.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining accompanying drawing description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is individual ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that what is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
Diction " comprising " refer to the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component be present, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
One or more other features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their groups.It should be understood that when we claim member
Part is " connected " or during " coupled " to another element, and it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be
Intermediary element.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " can include wireless connection or coupling.Wording used herein
"and/or" includes any cell of one or more associated list items and all combined.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific terminology) with the general understanding identical meaning with the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms defined in such as general dictionary, which should be understood that, to be had and the meaning in the context of prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, will not be with idealizing or the implication of overly formal be explained.
For ease of the understanding to the embodiment of the present invention, done further by taking several specific embodiments as an example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
Explanation, and each embodiment does not form the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment one
To measure the tensile strength of various soil mass, according to the correct tilt angle of the different designs fixing mould side wall of the soil body
Degree,, can be with during test the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus and method for measuring tensile strength
Rotatable side wall is adjusted according to the physico-mechanical properties of soil sample, obtains the trapezium structure mould of different angle, selection is suitable
Experimental error is reduced at inclination angle, adopts dial gauge and strain gauge using number, the moment records deformation and the institute of the experiment process soil body
By stress, and by the stress in computer intelligence record experiment and displacement, it is related to time and displacement to obtain soil body sample
Tensile strength, solves the drawbacks of current tensile strength instrument residual well.
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of experiment for the variable incidence tensile test apparatus and method for measuring tensile strength
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the device includes installation drawing：The stretching system of base, loading system, data collecting system and a variable incidence
System；Wherein, tensioning system and loading system mechanically connect, and data collecting system connects with tensioning system, loading system, stretching system
System and base mechanically connect.
1st, tensioning system
Tensioning system includes the first drawing die, the second drawing die and wedge, the first drawing die and the second stretching
Mould all includes the side wall of adjustable-angle, the rotary screw of side wall, T-shaped end wall, for fixed knob, die bottom plate respectively
And angle graduated scale, the second drawing die also include guide rail；Tensioning system can be entered according to the difference of the soil body with these devices
The different setting of row.
The setting of tensioning system includes：
(1) rotation of side wall
Two drawing dies are that Sidewall angles are adjustable trapezoidal, by the side wall of two drawing dies respectively around corresponding
The rotary screw is rotated for changing inclination angle, and the angle graduated scale is on the die bottom plate, the drawing die side wall
When the rotary screw around top rotates, determined to go to purpose inclination angle according to angle graduated scale, and with fixed knob by institute
State side wall to be fixed on die bottom plate, ensure that side wall no longer rotates.
Angle graduated scale shares 4, and angular dimension is indefinite, can be controlled according to the soil body in certain limit, control die bottom plate
Size.
(2) movement of T-shaped end wall
Hollow wall trench is set in one end of the T-shaped end wall；The position of the T-shaped end wall with the rotation of the side wall and
Mobile, after side wall rotates, knob is fixed, and the hollow wall trench of T-shaped end wall moves along knob, by the T-shaped end wall and institute
State after side wall forms the trapezoidal appearance soil space with opening of closing and screw knob, ensure that T-shaped end wall is fixed.
(3) fixation of wedge
After the T-shaped end wall is fixed with the side wall by the knob, the ladder with opening of two closings is formed respectively
Native space is described, the opening of first drawing die and the second drawing die is staggered relatively, enters by the wedge of stainless steel
Row is fixed；Stainless steel wedge is caught in rotary screw and is separately fixed at by two knobs on two mold bases, makes first
Drawing die and the second drawing die form the appearance soil space of two relative rectangles of opening.
In summary, with the device in tensioning system, can be configured for various soil mass, the physical mechanics property of the soil body
Matter is different, and the angle that side wall rotates is different, and the distance that T-shaped end wall moves is also different, by being obtained after the fixation of wedge
The relative closing of opening trapezoidal to hold native space also different.
In tensioning system, the annexation and position relationship of tensioning system and base are：
A, annexation：
The tensioning system is connected first drawing die and second drawing die by wedge, described
Wedge is separately fixed on the base below two moulds by two knobs.
Knob on the knob and corresponding rotation screw rod of the hollow wall trench of the T-shaped end wall of first drawing die is all stretched
Enter onto the base, the first drawing die is fixed on base when knob screws and remain stationary as.
The knob of second drawing die is extended downwardly into and remained to maintain an equal level and the mould bottom with the die bottom plate
Plate is servo-actuated.
B, position relationship：
First drawing die, which is fixed on base, to be remained stationary as.
The die bottom plate of second drawing die is placed on guide rail along guide rail and is fixed on without Frictional Slipping, the guide rail
On the base.
First drawing die and the second drawing die are kept in the same horizontal line.
2nd, loading system
The loading system, there is provided tractive force is being fixed on the guide rail first line of a couplet of base with second drawing die
It is dynamic, for tensile sample.
Loading system includes：Motor, motor connection unit and Loading Control device.
Motor provides tractive force, and motor connection unit is connected with strain gauge, and second drawing die passes through institute
State motor connection unit and the motor linkage.
The motor connects with the Loading Control device, the system of motor described in the Loading Control device intelligent control
It is dynamic.
In actual applications, the other positions that above-mentioned loading system can also be arranged on inside or outside tensioning system provide
Tractive force.The embodiment of the present invention does not limit to the concrete mode that above-mentioned loading system provides tensioning system tractive force, above-mentioned to add
Loading system provides tensioning system any mode of tractive force all in the protection domain of the embodiment of the present invention.
3rd, data collecting system
The data collecting system, for gathering the data during variable incidence tension test.
Data collecting system, including：Number adopts dial gauge and strain gauge；The number adopts dial gauge and is arranged on described second
One end for having hollow slip wall trench of the T-shaped end wall of mould；The strain gauge be arranged on the tensioning system and it is described plus
Between loading system, linkage is connected with the motor by the motor connection unit.
Those skilled in the art will be understood that the mode of the collection experimental data of above-mentioned lifted data collecting system is only
Citing, other existing or collections for being likely to occur from now on simultaneously record the mode of experimental data and are such as applicable to implementation of the present invention
It example, should also be included within the scope of the present invention, and be incorporated herein by reference herein.
A kind of variable incidence stretching test method for measuring tensile strength provided in an embodiment of the present invention, applied to above-mentioned
Device, methods described include：
1st, the operation before device dress soil prepares：
(1) rotate side wall and reach corresponding inclination angle
First drawing die and the second drawing die include two side walls, a T-shaped end wall, by mould installion in mould respectively
Having on bottom plate, side wall turns to the respective angles of needs by rotary screw, the size of the controllable controlling angle of angle graduated scale, it is determined that
After angle, tighten the knob among rotary screw and fix side wall and no longer rotate, the knob length of the first drawing die compared with
Length can be screwed into base, the first drawing die is fixed on base, and the knob of the second drawing die only remains to die bottom plate
It is servo-actuated with die bottom plate.
(2) mobile T-shaped end wall forms closing space against side wall
Mobile T-shaped end wall, the knob of T-shaped end wall is fixed, and hollow wall trench moves along knob, abuts T-shaped end wall
Side wall forms the appearance soil space with opening of closing, and screwing the knob on T-shaped end wall makes T-shaped end wall be fixed on die bottom plate
Remain stationary as, the T-shaped end wall knob of the first drawing die stretches into base, it is fixed on base.
(3) insertion wedge is fixed
Wedge is inserted, the first drawing die and the second drawing die is closely linked together, tightens on wedge
Whole knobs, the first drawing die and the second drawing die is formed the appearance soil space of two relative rectangles of opening；Since then,
First drawing die is fixed on base and remained stationary as, the die bottom plate of the second drawing die be placed on guide rail can along guide rail without
Frictional Slipping, guide rail are fixed on base, and the first drawing die and the second drawing die are kept in the same horizontal line.
2nd, soil body dress sample：
Empirically require, the soil body of certain mass is put into tensioning system, can necessarily be contained by layer-compacting
The soil body of water and dry density.
Those skilled in the art will be understood that above-mentioned lifted obtains certain water content and dried density by layer-compacting
The mode of the soil body be only for example, other soil bodys for getting certain water content and dried density that are existing or being likely to occur from now on
Mode be such as applicable to the embodiment of the present invention, should also be included within the scope of the present invention, and wrap by reference herein
It is contained in this.
3rd, stretching experiment：
(1) loading system and data collecting system are connected
Adjustment is connected with the motor connection unit of strain gauge, by them by connecting system and the second drawing die
The afterbody of T-shaped end wall is closely connected, and dial gauge is adopted in the afterbody installation number of T-shaped end wall.
(2) data collecting system, which is reset, prepares
Zero strain gauge adopts the reading of dial gauge with number, prepares data acquisition.
(3) wedge is taken out
The fixed knob of wedge is turned on, takes out wedge.
(4) motor and gathered data are started
Control is adjusted to corresponding speed with transmission system, startup motor, strain gauge sum adopt dial gauge with
Dynamic corresponding beginning gathered data, and by data synchronization transmissions to computer.
(5) experiment, record data are terminated
When the soil body is pulled off, data can produce obvious jump, show that experiment terminates, and computer stops data collection, and close
Close motor to terminate to test, remove tensioning system, weigh the quality of the soil body, record data；
(6) experimental data is analyzed
The data that dial gauge obtains in real time are adopted to strain gauge sum, by the record experiment of computer synchronous intelligent
Stress and displacement, calculating analysis is carried out, obtain the soil body sample tensile strength related to time and displacement.
In above process, it is necessary to which rotating side wall reaches corresponding inclination angle, to the specific angle minimum value rotated needed for inclination angle
Calculation is as follows：
Force analysis integrally is carried out to the soil body in the tensioning system as shown in figure 3, the soil body is by oblique along the side wall
The well-distributed pressure p and uniform friction f in face, it is contemplated that be integrally to carry out force analysis for the tension soil body herein, be more straight
The stressing conditions of the ground description tension soil body are seen, are load by evenly load equivalent-simplification suffered by the soil body.
Choose the right side tension soil body in Fig. 3 and carry out force analysis as shown in figure 4, the side wall applies two power to the soil body：
Perpendicular to inclined-plane AB pressure FN, along inclined-plane AB frictional force Fμ, making a concerted effort for the two power is FS, it is β-α with x-axis angular separation,
α is the side wall inclined plane AB and x-axis angular separation, and β is resultant direction and the side wall inclined plane angle, and F is pulling force suffered by the soil body,
Then：
FN=pS (1)
Fμ=μ FN=fS (2)
Wherein：S be the side wall inclined plane AB and CD the gross area, confficients of static friction of the μ between the soil body and the side wall.
Led to analyze the soil body in the tensioning system under F effects by the constraint applied by loading system
The deformation of cause, to the tension soil body institute stress F on right sideSDecomposed along x, y direction as shown in figure 5, being had according to force analysis：
F=2FSx (4)
FSy=FSx tan(β-α) (5)
Wherein, FSx、FSyRespectively FSAlong the component in x, y direction.
In order to more accurately measure the tensile strength of the soil body, the mould inside soil body should be made to keep shape and position in tension
It is constant, that is, ensure the soil body occur without sliding along sidewall edge.Because the soil body has dilatancy, so ensureing the reality in x directions
Deflection no more than the soil body due to cut it is swollen caused by x directions deflection, you can reach above-mentioned purpose.
Strain increment of the soil body along x, y direction is represented by respectively：
For x directions：
For y directions：
Wherein：Δξx、ΔξyFor the strain increment in x, y direction, Δ lx、ΔlyFor the deflection in x, y direction, lx、lyFor by
The power soil body is in the characteristic length in x, y direction, ESFor the modulus of compressibility of the soil body.According to the force analysis to the tension soil body, from firm
The modulus of compressibility that parameter is the soil body is spent, and the size of stiffness parameters has no effect on the final determination at fixture inclination angle.
According to above-mentioned constraints, have：
Wherein, ψ is soil body dilative angle.
Simultaneous equations (1)-(8) can solve：
Abbreviation has：
tan[arctan(1/μ)-α]tanα≥tanψ (10)
Thus the minimum value α at side wall inclination angle is tried to achieve, it is basic herein after determining the angle minimum value of rotation needed for side wall inclination angle
On, selection can meet test requirements document more than the angle value of minimum angles appropriate value.
Embodiment two
It is real with the present invention this embodiment offers a kind of variable incidence tensile test apparatus and method for measuring tensile strength
Apply example device measure soil body tensile strength variable incidence tension test detailed process and preceding method embodiment class
Seemingly, here is omitted.
Using the apparatus and method, using unsaturation fine sand as test material, it is as follows that experimental study is carried out to its tensile strength.
The present embodiment is test material from unsaturation fine sand, by the calculating in above-described embodiment to mould inclination angle minimum value
Formula：
tan[arctan(1/μ)-α]tanα≥tanψ
Unsaturation fine sand selected by the embodiment of the present invention, friction coefficient μ 0.45, dilative angle ψ are 20 °, and value is substituted into
α design requirement can be obtained by, which being solved in above formula equation, is：α >=18.4 °, α=20 ° are taken in the embodiment of the present invention.
20 ° are found on angle graduated scale on die bottom plate, side wall is gone into the position.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention obtains the trapezium structure mould of different angle by the side wall rotatably adjusted,
A rational angle is determined, mould is provided enough " attachment means " to avoid sliding when more than this angle, simultaneously
The excessive end stress that produces of the angle of selection is avoided to concentrate.And tensioning system is connected the first drawing by the wedge of stainless steel
Mould and the second drawing die are stretched, the wedge of stainless steel is caught in rotary screw and is separately fixed at two moulds by two knobs
Have on base, make the first drawing die and what the second drawing die fitted together perfectly links together, and form two opening phases
To rectangle appearance soil space.The number used in the present apparatus adopts dial gauge and strain gauge, can record examination real-time synchronization
The deformation of the soil body and suffered stress during testing, it is easy to carry out real-time or subsequent analysis to test situation.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that：Accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of one embodiment, module in accompanying drawing or
Flow is not necessarily implemented necessary to the present invention.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Divide mutually referring to what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment.Especially for device or
For system embodiment, because it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so describing fairly simple, related part is referring to method
The part explanation of embodiment.Apparatus and system embodiment described above is only schematical, wherein the conduct
The unit that separating component illustrates can be or may not be it is physically separate, can be as the part that unit is shown or
Person may not be physical location, you can with positioned at a place, or can also be distributed on multiple NEs.Can root
Factually border needs to select some or all of module therein realize the purpose of this embodiment scheme.Ordinary skill
Personnel are without creative efforts, you can to understand and implement.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
It is defined.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. variable incidence tensile test apparatus for measuring tensile strength, it is characterised in that including：Base, tensioning system, number According to acquisition system and loading system, the tensioning system and the loading system mechanically connect, the data collecting system and institute Tensioning system, loading system connection are stated, the tensioning system and the base mechanically connect；The tensioning system includes the first drawing die, the second drawing die and wedge, first drawing die and second Drawing die all includes side wall, rotary screw, T-shaped end wall and knob respectively, and the second drawing die also includes guide rail, two stretchings The side wall of mould is rotated for changing inclination angle, the T-shaped end wall and the side respectively around the corresponding rotary screw After wall is fixed by the knob, the trapezoidal appearance soil space with opening of two closings, first drawing die are formed respectively It is staggered relatively with the opening of the second drawing die, the appearance soil space to form closing is fixed by the wedge for placing examination Sample；The loading system, there is provided tractive force links with second drawing die on the guide rail for being fixed on base, uses In tensile sample；The data collecting system, for gathering the data during variable incidence tension test.
- 2. the variable incidence tensile test apparatus of measurement tensile strength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Device, in addition to：Die bottom plate, angle graduated scale, and computer；On the die bottom plate, the rotary screw of the drawing die side wall around top rotates the angle graduated scale When, determined to go to purpose angle according to angle graduated scale, and the side wall is fixed on bottom plate with the knob；Data during the data collecting system collection variable incidence tension test, data syn-chronization is passed in computer.
- 3. the variable incidence tensile test apparatus of measurement tensile strength according to claim 1, it is characterised in thatHollow wall trench is set in one end of the T-shaped end wall；The position of the T-shaped end wall is moved with the rotation of the side wall, and after the side wall rotates, the knob is fixed, The hollow wall trench of the T-shaped end wall is moved along knob, and the T-shaped end wall and the side wall are formed to the opening that has of closing The knob is screwed behind the trapezoidal native space of appearance.
- 4. the variable incidence tensile test apparatus of measurement tensile strength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the drawing Stretch that system is connected first drawing die by wedge and second drawing die, the wedge pass through two Knob is separately fixed on the base below two moulds；The knob on the knob and the rotary screw of the hollow wall trench of the T-shaped end wall of first drawing die All it extend on the base, the first drawing die is fixed on base when knob screws and remain stationary as；The knob of second drawing die extend downwardly into and remain to the die bottom plate maintain an equal level with the die bottom plate with It is dynamic.
- 5. the variable incidence tensile test apparatus of measurement tensile strength according to claim 1, it is characterised in thatFirst drawing die, which is fixed on base, to be remained stationary as；The die bottom plate of second drawing die is placed on the guide rail along guide rail to be consolidated without Frictional Slipping, the guide rail It is scheduled on the base；First drawing die and second drawing die are kept in the same horizontal line.
- 6. the variable incidence tensile test apparatus of measurement tensile strength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Loading system, including：Motor, motor connection unit and Loading Control device；Second drawing die passes through the motor connection unit and the motor linkage；The motor connects with the Loading Control device, the braking of motor described in the Loading Control device intelligent control.
- 7. the variable incidence tensile test apparatus of measurement tensile strength according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Data collecting system, including：Number adopts dial gauge and strain gauge；The number adopts one end for having hollow slip wall trench that dial gauge is arranged on the T-shaped end wall of second mould；The strain gauge is arranged between the tensioning system and the loading system, passes through the motor connection unit Linkage is connected with the motor.
- 8. a kind of variable incidence stretching test method for measuring tensile strength, it is characterised in that applied to claim 1 to 7 institute The device stated, methods described include：During one-shot measurement, first drawing die and the second drawing die opening are mounted opposite at mould bottom On plate, the side wall is rotated to the respective angles of needs, the knob for determining to tighten among rotary screw after angle consolidates side wall It is fixed motionless；The T-shaped end wall of two drawing dies is moved respectively after the side wall forms the appearance soil space of closing, is tightened Knob on the T-shaped end wall makes T-shaped end wall fixed；Wedge is inserted to draw first drawing die and described second The knob that mould is closely joined together and tightened on the wedge is stretched to be fixed；First drawing die is fixed on On base, the bottom plate of second drawing die is placed on guide rail along guide rail is fixed on base without Frictional Slipping, the guide rail On, first drawing die and the second drawing die are kept in the same horizontal line；After installing the tensioning system, the soil body to be measured is put into tensioning system, and will by the motor connection unit The motor is closely connected with the tail end of the T-shaped end wall of second drawing die；The knob of wedge is turned on, wedge is taken out, starts the motor, the strain gauge sum is adopted dial gauge and is servo-actuated It is corresponding to start gathered data；Terminate to test when the soil body is pulled off.
- 9. the variable incidence stretching test method of measurement tensile strength according to claim 8, it is characterised in that by described in Side wall rotates to the respective angles of needs, and the knob for determining to tighten among rotary screw after angle makes side wall fixed, including：The side wall rotates to the respective angles of needs, as follows to the calculation of the respective angles minimum value：Force analysis is integrally carried out to the soil body in the tensioning system to be obtained：The soil body is by the uniform pressure along the side wall inclined plane Power p and uniform friction f, it is load by evenly load equivalent-simplification suffered by the soil body；The soil body for being chosen at the second drawing die part carries out force analysis, and the side wall applies two power to the soil body：Hang down Directly in the pressure F on inclined-planeN, along the frictional force F on inclined-planeμ, making a concerted effort for the two power is FS, it is that β-α, α are institute with x-axis angular separation Side wall inclined plane and x-axis angular separation are stated, β is resultant direction and the side wall inclined plane angle, and F is pulling force suffered by the soil body, then：FN=pSFμ=μ FN=fS<mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>&beta;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mi>&mu;F</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> <mo>&DoubleRightArrow;</mo> <mi>&beta;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>arctan</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mi>&mu;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein：S be the side wall inclined plane the gross area, confficients of static friction of the μ between the soil body and the side wall；The soil body analyzed in the tensioning system becomes under F effects caused by the constraint applied by loading system Shape, to the soil body institute stress F of the second drawing die part of tensionSDecomposed along x, y direction, force analysis has：F=2FSxFSy=FSxtan(β-α)Wherein, FSx、FSyRespectively FSAlong the component in x, y direction；The soil body in the tensioning system is kept the constant of shape and position in tension, that is, ensure the soil body along sidewall edge not Occur sliding, it is necessary to ensure the practical distortion amount in x directions no more than the soil body due to cut it is swollen caused by x directions deflection；Strain increment of the soil body along x, y direction is represented by respectively：For x directions：<mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;&xi;</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>&DoubleRightArrow;</mo> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow>For y directions：<mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;&xi;</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>&DoubleRightArrow;</mo> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> </mrow>Wherein：Δξx、ΔξyFor the strain increment in x, y direction, Δ lx、ΔlyFor the deflection in x, y direction, lx、lyFor stress soil Body is in the characteristic length in x, y direction, ESFor the modulus of compressibility of the soil body, from the modulus of compressibility that stiffness parameters are the soil body, rigidity is joined Several sizes does not influence the final determination at side wall inclination angle；According to above-mentioned constraints, have：<mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mo>&le;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>&psi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&DoubleRightArrow;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;l</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>&psi;</mi> </mrow>Wherein, ψ is soil body dilative angle；Simultaneous above equation can solve：<mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <mi>arctan</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mi>&mu;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>y</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&GreaterEqual;</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>&psi;</mi> </mrow>Abbreviation has：Tan [arctan (1/ μ)-α] tan α >=tan ψ,Thus side wall inclination angle minimum value α is tried to achieve, after determining the angle minimum value of rotation needed for side wall inclination angle, on this basis, choosing Select the angle value more than minimum angles appropriate value.
- 10. the variable incidence stretching test method of measurement tensile strength according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described Terminate to test when the soil body is pulled off, including：After the strain gauge sum adopts dial gauge gathered data, by data synchronization transmissions to computer；When the soil body is pulled off, the data shown on computer can produce obvious jump, show that experiment terminates, now computer stops Only gathered data, close the motor and terminate to test, remove tensioning system, weigh the quality of the soil body, record data, to data Calculating analysis is carried out, draws corresponding Tensile strength data.
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