CN107014682A - A kind of loading device and method suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test - Google Patents

A kind of loading device and method suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107014682A
CN107014682A CN201710217999.9A CN201710217999A CN107014682A CN 107014682 A CN107014682 A CN 107014682A CN 201710217999 A CN201710217999 A CN 201710217999A CN 107014682 A CN107014682 A CN 107014682A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
test
test specimen
crack
loading device
dimensional composite
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CN201710217999.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋彦琦
刘小珍
李向上
史久畅
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Priority to CN201710217999.9A priority Critical patent/CN107014682A/en
Publication of CN107014682A publication Critical patent/CN107014682A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/04Chucks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0062Crack or flaws
    • G01N2203/0066Propagation of crack

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of loading device and method suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, including Internal jigging, outer clamp, test specimen and test system, wherein Internal jigging is made up of circular bushing and bearing pin;Outer clamp is made up of c-type arc arm plate, plectane, bolt, pin and experiment machine grip holder;Test system includes high-power microscope, microscope reading wand, testing machine, controlling switch and test processes system composition.By angle of assembling of the alignment jig on testing machine, static loading or the fatigue loading experiment of single I, II, type III crackle and its three-dimensional composite crackle of polytype combination can be realized respectively.The high-power microscope for being installed on test specimen crack surface both sides can expanded configuration of the real-time monitored three-dimensional cracks including length and angle.The present invention has the advantages that flexible modulation crack-type and real-time monitored Crack Extension form.

Description

A kind of loading device and method suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of loading device and method suitable for three-dimensional composite crack expansion test, list can be both realized The compound three-dimensional cracks that I, II, III polytypes are combined can be entered by one I, II, the expanding test of type III three-dimensional cracks again Row extension test, the spreading rate and propagation direction of crackle can be obtained by the related data of record, is mainly used in breaking Split, tired field.
Background technology
In modern project, structure bears the effect of the power such as tension and compression, plane shear, Antiplane Shear, easily in not up to material Just failed during material design strength, this failure is by splitting that material microdefect in itself and material are produced during service Caused by line, in order to prevent this sudden destruction, it is to be understood that propagation direction of the three-dimensional cracks under the effect of compound load And spreading rate.In practical structures, component can bear different types of load, produce Mixed Mode Crack.Therefore this kind of loading Device requirement can study single type crackle, and energy study of various Mixed Mode Crack, while also to realize adding for different angles Carry.
All kinds of parts in engineering are all 3D solids, and dimensional effect has a huge impact to research association, therefore in reality 3D solid test specimen need to be used when testing design, this accuracy to experiment has very important meaning.
At present, both at home and abroad there is not yet about such three-dimensional cracks loading device for testing and the reported in literature of method.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is:Overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided three-dimensional under a kind of compound loading The loading device and method of crack growth test, simulation component bear different tension and compression, plane shear and Antiplane Shear effect, The propagation direction and spreading rate of crackle are measured and analyzed, reliable test data is provided to solve component failure.
The invention solves the problems that the technical scheme that its technical problem is used is:One kind is applied to three-dimensional composite Crack Extension The loading device and method of test, described loading device include Internal jigging, outer clamp, test specimen and test system. Internal jigging is made up of circular bushing and bearing pin, and 24 are formed with the circular slab of circular bushing base into 15 ° of isogonism radial distributions Through hole, to be connected with outer clamp, realize have on the regulation of angle, the cylinder of circular bushing two pairs it is orthogonal logical Hole, the sleeve for test specimen being connected to by bearing pin circular bushing;Outer clamp is by c-type arc arm plate, plectane, spiral shell Bolt, pin and experiment machine grip holder composition, 7 are dispersed with c-type arc arm plate into 15 ° of angularly radially-arranged circular holes, for Testing machine is connected, and 24 are dispersed with plectane into 15 ° of angularly radially-arranged through holes, these through holes with it is circular in Internal jigging The through hole of bushing is bolted, and c-type arc arm plate and plectane are used and be welded;Test specimen entire length is 142mm, two End is cylinder, convenient to be connected with circular bushing, and centre is cuboid, and crackle will be prefabricated in the progress of this block region, in order to eliminate Stress concentration, uses chamfered transition between cylinder and cuboid;Test system includes high-power microscope, microscope reading wand, examination Test machine, controlling switch and test processes system composition;After Internal jigging and outer clamp are assembled, installed in testing machine On, the position of regulation high-power microscope makes its lens barrel be directed at crackle end face, facilitates the extension length that crackle is recorded after Crack Extension.
Described circular bushing barrel bore need to be bigger than the diameter of test specimen, just can guarantee that test specimen and circular bushing It can be assembled, but the space reserved also should not be too big, and otherwise test specimen will be produced in bushing and rocked, and influence the test of experiment Precision.The depth of circular bushing cylinder also should be slightly bigger than the cylindrical length of test piece end simultaneously, to make up circular bushing cylinder The error of upper vertical through hole.
The described test specimen crackle prefabricated in processing, its sophisticated place occurs than more serious passivation, therefore adds Man-hour prefabricated crack tip and the distance that 2-3mm is left in the middle part of test specimen, this segment distance will be added using I types on testing machine The mode of load carries out presplitting, could then carry out next step experiment.
The thickness of described c-type arc arm plate should be determined according to the spacing of experiment machine grip holder, about small 2-3mm, Like this it is ensured that fixture, which is arranged on testing machine, will not produce bias-load.
During experiment test, it is ensured that be applied to by testing machine grip holder two ends outer clamp load line pass through it is tested The central point of part.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art:
(1) experimental provision of the present invention can not only realize single I, II, the expanding test of III basic model three-dimensional cracks, Experiment can be extended to the three-dimensional cracks combined comprising I, II, III polytypes again;And experiment type is tried including static loading Test and fatigue loading experiment.
(2) test specimen study portion has been designed to cuboid by the present invention, the three-dimensional character of structure is embodied, with reality Component is more nearly so that the result that research measurement is obtained more accurate, reliability is stronger, can provide higher for Practical Project Reference value;
(3) test specimen two ends have been designed to pole by the present invention, and one is convenient processing, and two be that can eliminate test specimen in experiment During the stress concentration that produces;
(4) present invention devises two vertical through holes on circular bushing, because crackle splits when extension Line forward position is ceaselessly changing so that external load can produce additional square, and two bearing pins being inserted perpendicularly into just can just eliminate production Raw additional moment;
(5) present invention devises 24 through holes into 15 ° of angularly radial directions on the plectane of circular bushing base, and this can be with Adjust the angle being further applied load in horizontal plane;
(6) present invention devises 7 through holes into 15 ° of angularly radial directions on c-type arc arm plate, can adjust in longitudinal surface The angle being further applied load, the circular slab of the circular bushing of joint can just realize that three-dimensional is loaded at any angle;
(7) thickness of c-type arc arm version of the present invention is reasonable in design, according to the width design of experiment machine grip holder, installs fixture It will not be rocked after on testing machine, also it is ensured that being not in eccentric load in experimentation;
(8) present invention is bolted to realize the change of load angle, easy to operate;
(9) present invention is simple in construction, easy to install, and reliability is high;
(10) present invention is easy and effective, achieves that good manufacturability, cost is low by traditional machining.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is test specimen part partial enlarged drawing in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that fixture assembles schematic diagram.
In figure, 1 is c-type arc arm plate, and 2 be plectane, and 3 be circular bushing, and 4 be bearing pin, and 5 be test specimen, and 6 be bolt, and 7 are Pin, 8 be experiment machine grip holder, and 9 be high-power microscope, 10 is microscope reading wand, 11 testing machines, 12 is controlling switch, 13 are Test processes system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment further illustrates the present invention.
In Fig. 1, a kind of loading device suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test of the invention, by Internal jigging, Outer clamp, test specimen and test system composition, Internal jigging include:Circular bushing 3 and bearing pin 4;Outer clamp includes:C Type arc arm plate 1, plectane 2, bolt 6, pin 7 and experiment machine grip holder 8;Test system includes:High-power microscope 9, microscope reading Bar 10, testing machine 11, controlling switch 12 and test processes system 13.
In fig. 2, it is the partial enlarged drawing of test specimen 5, the two ends of test specimen 5 are cylinder, and this is for convenience It is connected with Internal jigging.Research position is square emphatically in the middle of test specimen 5, and chamfering mistake is used between cylinder and cuboid Cross, to reduce stress concentration.
In specific install, Internal jigging is first installed, the two ends cylinder of test specimen 5 is placed on to the set of circular bushing 3 In cylinder, two groups of through holes is alignd respectively, successively insert bearing pin 4 in the through hole of alignment;By soldered outer clamp c-type arc Arm plate 1 and plectane 2 are connected on Internal jigging by bolt 6, all uniform on the base circular slab of plectane 2 and circular bushing 3 Angularly radial direction through hole is dispersed with, it is equally distributed by Internal jigging and outside with 8 bolts 6 according to required load angle Fixture is connected, and notes nut should be arranged on to the inner side of plectane 2 here for convenient;The fixture assembled is arranged on experiment On machine 11, the through-hole alignment of through hole and experiment machine grip holder 8 on c-type arc arm plate 1 is fixed with pin 7, notes testing machine 11 herein The through hole on c-type arc arm plate 1 that both sides experiment machine grip holder 8 is connected must be centrosymmetric on test specimen 5;Mobile high power Microscope 9, crack surface that can just to test specimen 5 adjusts the position of high-power microscope 9 by eyepiece, micro- in high power Untill being clearly visible that crackle forward position is overlapped with center line in the lens barrel of mirror 9, note should be noted that high power during regulation high-power microscope 9 Microscope 9 need to reserve certain meter full scale, it is ensured that in experimentation in the position of microscope reading wand 10, and crackle expands There is scale always on microscope reading wand 10 after exhibition.
In specific experiment, fixture first should be assembled into I types crackle and carry out testing machine presplitting, then carry out compound loading reality Test, concrete operation step is as follows:Prefabricated test specimen 5 is empirically required to be arranged on testing machine, on regulation testing machine Controlling switch 12, make fixture on testing machine 11 be in Pre strained state, adjust high-power microscope 9, record now microscope read Scale on number bar 10, then load and tired circulation cycle are set by test processes system 13, crackle often extends After a bit of, crackle forward position is found by high-power microscope 9, eyepiece center is at, now microscope reading wand is recorded Reading on 10, then loading environment, again reading are set, so repeat, until test specimen 5 is broken.
It is specifically described below how angle is adjusted:In figure 3, the center in crackle forward position is taken to set up right angle seat for the origin of coordinates Mark system, X-axis is parallel to crack surface and perpendicular to crack front, and Y-axis points to the normal orientation of crack surface, and Z axis is along crackle forward position. By changing the through hole that c-type arc arm plate 1 is connected with experiment machine grip holder 8, Y-axis can be deviateed on c-type arc arm plate 1 with adjusting force F Angle [alpha], realizes change of the α angles from 0 ° to 90 °.By rotating plectane 2, plectane 2 and the angle β of X-Y plane is set to realize 360 ° Change.
As seen from Figure 3, when α=0 °, test specimen 5 is stretched load;When α=90 ° and β=0 °, it is tested Test specimen 5 is by plane shear load;When α=90 ° and β=90 °, test specimen 5 is by Antiplane Shear load;When β=0 ° And 0 °<α<At 90 °, test specimen 5 is by the compound loadings of I+ II;When β=90 ° and 0 °<α<At 90 °, test specimen 5 is by I+ The compound loadings of III;When α=90 ° and 0 °<β<At 90 °, test specimen 5 is by the compound loadings of II+III;When 0 °<α<90 ° and 0°<β<At 90 °, test specimen 5 is by the compound loadings of+III of I+ II.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
It is described above, it is only part embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, times What those skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in should all be covered Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of loading device suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that:The loading device includes Internal jigging, outer clamp, test specimen and test system;Test specimen (5), outside folder can be fixed and connected to Internal jigging Tool is connected with the testing machine (11) in test system;Connected between Internal jigging and outer clamp with bolt (6);Internal jigging bag Circular bushing (3) and bearing pin (4) are included, bearing pin (4) passes through the through hole connection test specimen (5) on circular bushing (3) when mounted; Outer clamp includes c-type arc arm plate (1), plectane (2), bolt (6), pin (7) and experiment machine grip holder (8), wherein c-type arc arm plate (1) using being welded to connect between plectane (2), the center line of c-type arc arm plate (1) thickness direction is overlapped with the diameter of plectane (2), examination The through hole alignment of machine grip holder (8) and c-type arc arm plate (1) is tested, is connected with pin (7), bolt (6) is used for connecting plectane (2) and circle Circular slab on shape bushing (3) base;Test system includes high-power microscope (9), microscope reading wand (10), testing machine (11), controlling switch (12) and test processes system (13), wherein high-power microscope (9) are supported with microscope reading wand (10), On the platform of testing machine (11), controlling switch (12) is located at the front side of testing machine (11), can control experiment progress, test Processing system (13) is positioned over testing machine (11) side, for recording, showing and handle test data.
2. the loading device according to claim 1 suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that:Institute The through hole that 7 15 ° angularly radial directions are uniformly distributed on c-type arc arm plate (1) is stated, passes through pin (7) and positioned at the logical of different angles Cooperation between hole, realizes different types of crackle, including single I, II, the three of type III crackle and its polytype combination Mixed Mode Crack is tieed up, after the completion for the treatment of the assembling of pin (7) and c-type arc arm plate (1) through hole, 7 through holes constitute the round center of circle and quilt The center superposition of test block (5).
3. according to claim 2 or the described loading device suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, its feature exists In:C-type arc arm plate (1) thickness ratio tests machine grip holder (8) smaller 2-3mm of width, i.e., in the case of convenient install as far as possible Approached with described experiment machine grip holder (8) width, can so prevent from being existed by the integral clamp that outer clamp and Internal jigging are assembled into Slided on testing machine, while eccentric tension can be prevented.
4. the loading device according to claim 1 suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that:Institute State and two orthogonal through holes are provided with circular bushing (3), one is to be connected for convenience with test specimen (5) by bearing pin (4) Connect, two be that can eliminate the additional moment produced in three-dimensional composite Crack Extension.
5. according to claim 4 or the described loading device suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, its feature exists In:24 through holes into 15 ° of angularly radial directions are uniformly distributed on the circular slab of circular bushing (3) base, load can be achieved The change of load angle.
6. the loading device according to claim 1 suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that:Institute State test specimen (5) two ends to constitute using cylinder, convenient to be connected with circular bushing (3), test specimen (5) middle part is The position studied again, is constituted using cuboid, in order to reduce the stress concentration of junction, is used between the cylinder and cuboid Chamfered transition.
7. the loading device according to claim 1 suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that:Institute State test specimen (5) cuboid will in processing prefabricated through check, crack length control the 2/5 of rectangular body length, this It is that, because it is mostly passivation to process prefabricated crack tip, in order to produce more real crackle, certain length need to be left and existed On testing machine presplitting again is carried out with the loading of I types.
8. the loading device according to claim 1 suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that:Institute It is 400 to state high-power microscope (8) enlargement ratio, and the position where crackle can be clearly visible that in Crack Extension, and in time Find the length of Crack Extension.
9. the loading device according to claim 1 suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that:Rotation Turn and mobile microscope reading wand (10) can make high-power microscope (9) just to crackle forward position, facilitate follow-up On Crack Propagation Observation.
10. a kind of loading method suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test, it is characterised in that realize that step is as follows:
Step 1:The center in crackle forward position is taken to set up rectangular coordinate system for the origin of coordinates, X-axis is parallel to crack surface and perpendicular to splitting Line leading edge, Y-axis points to the normal orientation of crack surface, and Z axis is pressed from both sides along crackle forward position by changing c-type arc arm plate (1) with testing machine The through hole of head (8) connection, adjusting force F deviates the angle [alpha] of Y-axis on c-type arc arm plate (1), realizes change of the α angles from 0 ° to 90 ° Change;
Step 2:By rotating plectane (2), change the through hole being connected with circular bushing (3), plectane (2) and X-Y plane can be made Angle β realize 360 ° of changes;
When α=0 °, test specimen (5) is stretched load;When α=90 ° and β=0 °, test specimen (5) is cut by plane Cut load;When α=90 ° and β=90 °, test specimen (5) is by Antiplane Shear load;When β=0 ° and 0 °<α<At 90 °, Test specimen (5) is by the compound loadings of I+ II;When β=90 ° and 0 °<α<At 90 °, test specimen (5) is compound by I+III Loading;When α=90 ° and 0 °<β<At 90 °, test specimen (5) is by the compound loadings of II+III;When 0 °<α<90 ° and 0 °<β< At 90 °, test specimen (5) can both have been realized single I, II, type III three-dimensional cracks by the compound loadings of+III of I+ II Expanding test, can realize the extension test of the compound three-dimensional cracks combined to I, II, III polytypes again.
CN201710217999.9A 2017-04-05 2017-04-05 A kind of loading device and method suitable for three-dimensional composite crack growth test Pending CN107014682A (en)

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Cited By (12)

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CN108169016A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-15 清华大学 A kind of adjustable sample of multi-angle bears the experimental rig of pulling force and shearing simultaneously
CN108613890A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-10-02 西南交通大学 A kind of method of II type stress intensity factor of crack threshold value of measuring metallic materials
CN108931436A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-12-04 陕西省地质环境监测总站 A kind of bias-load and shear creep compound action experimental rig of soft rock
CN109030248A (en) * 2018-07-10 2018-12-18 西南交通大学 I-II Mixed Mode Crack Fatigue Crack Growth Rates experimental rig and test method
CN109443914A (en) * 2019-01-02 2019-03-08 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Variable-angle compression-shear test fixture and its application method
CN110346221A (en) * 2019-08-20 2019-10-18 山东建筑大学 A kind of experimental rig and method for simulating the compound cracking model of mixture
CN111122318A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-05-08 西北工业大学 Test device for realizing multiple composite crack propagation and use method
CN111678777A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-09-18 江苏禹治流域管理技术研究院有限公司 Can open up test device including multiple compound mode fracture such as compression shear
CN112179759A (en) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-05 中国直升机设计研究所 Sandwich structure material compression shear test fixture
CN112461681A (en) * 2019-09-09 2021-03-09 中国矿业大学(北京) Multi-angle variable axial pressure rock shearing test device and test method
CN113654895A (en) * 2021-09-09 2021-11-16 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for obtaining I-type fracture toughness in three-dimensional woven composite material fiber bundle
WO2022106827A1 (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-27 The University Court Of The University Of Edinburgh Apparatus, system and method for use in materials testing

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108169016A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-15 清华大学 A kind of adjustable sample of multi-angle bears the experimental rig of pulling force and shearing simultaneously
CN108613890A (en) * 2018-05-23 2018-10-02 西南交通大学 A kind of method of II type stress intensity factor of crack threshold value of measuring metallic materials
CN108931436A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-12-04 陕西省地质环境监测总站 A kind of bias-load and shear creep compound action experimental rig of soft rock
CN108931436B (en) * 2018-06-01 2021-02-26 陕西省地质环境监测总站 Eccentric loading and shear creep combined action test device for soft rock
CN109030248A (en) * 2018-07-10 2018-12-18 西南交通大学 I-II Mixed Mode Crack Fatigue Crack Growth Rates experimental rig and test method
CN109443914A (en) * 2019-01-02 2019-03-08 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Variable-angle compression-shear test fixture and its application method
CN110346221A (en) * 2019-08-20 2019-10-18 山东建筑大学 A kind of experimental rig and method for simulating the compound cracking model of mixture
CN112461681A (en) * 2019-09-09 2021-03-09 中国矿业大学(北京) Multi-angle variable axial pressure rock shearing test device and test method
CN112461681B (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-10-11 中国矿业大学(北京) Multi-angle variable axial pressure rock shearing test device and test method
CN111122318B (en) * 2019-12-18 2022-07-19 西北工业大学 Test device for realizing multiple composite crack propagation and use method
CN111122318A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-05-08 西北工业大学 Test device for realizing multiple composite crack propagation and use method
CN111678777A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-09-18 江苏禹治流域管理技术研究院有限公司 Can open up test device including multiple compound mode fracture such as compression shear
CN112179759A (en) * 2020-09-25 2021-01-05 中国直升机设计研究所 Sandwich structure material compression shear test fixture
WO2022106827A1 (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-27 The University Court Of The University Of Edinburgh Apparatus, system and method for use in materials testing
CN113654895B (en) * 2021-09-09 2022-05-17 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for obtaining I-type fracture toughness in three-dimensional woven composite material fiber bundle
CN113654895A (en) * 2021-09-09 2021-11-16 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for obtaining I-type fracture toughness in three-dimensional woven composite material fiber bundle

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