CN107722281B - Silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107722281B
CN107722281B CN201710840581.3A CN201710840581A CN107722281B CN 107722281 B CN107722281 B CN 107722281B CN 201710840581 A CN201710840581 A CN 201710840581A CN 107722281 B CN107722281 B CN 107722281B
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poss
cyclic carbonate
crosslinking
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silicone rubber
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刘月涛
孙佳文
朱丹
高传慧
王传兴
武玉民
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/42Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
    • C08G77/44Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing only polysiloxane sequences

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Abstract

The invention relates to a silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a room temperature or high temperature vulcanized silicon rubber which is prepared by synthesizing cyclic carbonate modified POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) as a reinforcing filler by thiol-ene reaction of cyclic carbonate containing vinyl and cage octa (mercaptopropyl) silsesquioxane (SH-POSS), taking alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane as a base rubber, and reacting the cyclic carbonate group on the POSS with amino in the base rubber to form a crosslinking curing center. The invention avoids the problems of easy agglomeration of inorganic particles and weak acting force of an organic/inorganic two-phase interface in the traditional reinforcing process, avoids the problems caused by the use of a catalyst in the vulcanizing process, simplifies the preparation process of the silicon rubber, has safe, energy-saving and environment-friendly production process and products, strong practicability and easy popularization, and has great application potential in the fields of aerospace, electronics and electricity, light industry, chemical industry, textile, machinery, construction, traffic, national defense, energy, medical treatment, agriculture and the like.

Description

Silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic silicon polymers, and particularly relates to a silicone rubber based on POSS crosslinking and reinforcement and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Silicone rubber is one of the most important silicone products. Due to the unique structure of the organic silicon polymer, the silicone rubber has unique properties different from those of organic rubber, such as high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, weather resistance, ozone resistance, electrical insulation and the like, so that the silicone rubber has great application potential in the fields of aerospace, electronics and electricity, light industry, chemical industry, textile, machinery, construction, traffic, national defense, energy, medical treatment, agriculture and the like.
The preparation of silicone rubbers requires reinforcement and vulcanization because of the weak molecular forces between the main chains. Commonly used reinforcing fillers are generally inorganic fillers, such as nano silica, short fibers, carbon nanotubes or nano calcium carbonate, and the like; the vulcanization is divided into room temperature vulcanization and high temperature vulcanization, wherein the former generally needs an organic tin catalyst or a platinum catalyst, and the latter generally needs a peroxide catalyst. Therefore, the preparation process of the silicone rubber is complicated, the processing process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the agglomeration of inorganic particles and the bonding force of an organic/inorganic two-phase interface are weak, the toxicity or easy inactivation of the catalyst is caused, and the catalyst residue can influence the application field and the performance of the silicone rubber product.
Cage type Polysilsesquioxane (POSS) is a newly developed high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid material as a class of organic-inorganic hybrid molecules with a stereo regular structure and a single nano-scale. POSS is used as a reinforcing filler, and is combined with a siloxane chain through a chemical bond, so that the problems of inorganic particle agglomeration and weak organic/inorganic two-phase interface binding force are solved, the temperature resistance of the material can be obviously improved, the mechanical property of the material is improved, the processability and the flame retardant property of the material are improved, and the like; in addition, the POSS is functionalized to be used as a crosslinking curing center, so that the performance of the material can be further improved.
Chinese patent CN 103113592A discloses a method for modifying silicon rubber by multi-functional POSS, which introduces POSS containing single/double/triple/four active functional groups into a polysiloxane molecular chain respectively through chemical copolymerization to obtain POSS modified silicon rubber with POSS as a pendant group, a block and a crosslinking point. However, a platinum catalyst is required in the vulcanization process, and the organic/inorganic two-phase interface force is weak.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the silicon rubber reinforced and crosslinked based on POSS and the preparation method thereof. Cyclic carbonate modified POSS is synthesized by a thiol-ene reaction of cyclic carbonate containing vinyl and cage octapoly (mercaptopropyl) silsesquioxane (SH-POSS). Alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane is used as base rubber, cyclic carbonate modified POSS is used as reinforcing filler, and cyclic carbonate groups on the POSS are reacted with amino groups in the base rubber to form a crosslinking curing center to prepare the room-temperature or high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber. The invention avoids the problems of easy agglomeration of inorganic particles and weak acting force of an organic/inorganic two-phase interface in the traditional reinforcing process, avoids the problems caused by the use of a catalyst in the vulcanization process, simplifies the preparation process of the silicon rubber, and has safe production process and products, energy conservation, environmental protection, strong practicability and easy popularization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a preparation method of a silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking comprises the following steps:
copolymerizing alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane serving as base rubber and cyclic carbonate modified POSS serving as reinforcing filler to prepare room-temperature or high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber;
the cyclic carbonate modified POSS is synthesized by mercapto-alkene reaction of cyclic carbonate containing vinyl and SH-POSS.
To avoid the use of platinum catalysts and to improve the strength of POSS modified silicone rubbers, the present invention seeks to provide a new linkage for POSS and silicone chains to avoid the use of platinum catalysts. Occasionally, it was found in the study that: the amino-terminated polysiloxane and cyclic carbonate modified POSS containing vinyl can directly react (without a platinum catalyst) to form a crosslinking curing center, and meanwhile, the vinyl of a cyclic carbonate side chain can participate in hydrosilylation reaction, so that the strength and the ageing resistance of siloxane are further improved.
Preferably, the cyclic carbonate modified POSS has the formula:
Figure BDA0001410636440000021
wherein n is an integer, n is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 8, R3The structural formula of (A) is:
Figure BDA0001410636440000022
R4is-CH2-CH2-CH2-。
Preferably, the vinyl-containing cyclic carbonate has the formula:
Figure BDA0001410636440000023
preferably, the cyclic carbonate modified POSS is prepared by the following steps: ethylene carbonate and SH-POSS are mixed according to a molar ratio of 3-8: 1, mixing the raw materials in a solvent, carrying out sulfydryl-alkene click reaction under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in the presence of a photoinitiator, and removing the solvent to obtain the composite material.
Preferably, the photoinitiator is one or more of benzoin ethers, dialkoxyacetophenone, thioether benzophenone, thioxanthone, anthraquinone or benzophenone and derivatives thereof;
preferably, the solvent is any one of alcohols, chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1, 4-dioxane, N, dimethylformamide, N, dimethylacetamide, or N-methyl-pyrrolidone.
Preferably, the α, ω -aminohydrocarbyl polysiloxane has the formula:
Figure BDA0001410636440000031
wherein m is an integer, R1Is one or more of methyl, ethyl, phenyl and trifluoropropyl.
Preferably, the viscosity of the alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane is 1000 to 100000 mPa.s.
Preferably, the weight part ratio of the alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane to the cyclic carbonate modified POSS is 100: 1-10;
preferably, the polymerization reaction condition is vulcanization for 2-24 hours at 25-120 ℃.
The invention also provides silicone rubber prepared by any one of the above methods.
The invention also provides application of the silicon rubber in preparation of aerospace materials, electronic and electrical equipment, and in the fields of light industry, chemical industry, textile, machinery, construction, traffic, national defense, energy, medical treatment and agriculture.
The invention has the advantages of
(1) The invention takes alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane as base rubber, cyclic carbonate modified POSS synthesized by cyclic carbonate containing vinyl and SH-POSS through mercapto-alkene reaction is taken as reinforcing filler, cyclic carbonate group reacts with amino in the base rubber, hydroxyl on beta-position carbon atom in formed carbamate chain segment forms intramolecular hydrogen bond with carbonyl thereof, intermolecular force is further enhanced, and a crosslinking curing center is formed, thus preparing the room temperature or high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber. The invention avoids the problems of easy agglomeration of inorganic particles and weak acting force of an organic/inorganic two-phase interface in the traditional reinforcing process, avoids the problems caused by the use of a catalyst in the vulcanization process, simplifies the preparation process of the silicon rubber, and has safe production process and products, energy conservation, environmental protection, strong practicability and easy popularization.
(2) The synthesis method is simple, efficient, high in practicability and easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are further described in detail below by way of examples to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
the POSS reinforcement and crosslinking based silicone rubber and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that the structural formula of the alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane is as follows:
Figure BDA0001410636440000032
wherein m is an integer and the viscosity is 1000 to 100000mPa.s
Preferably, said R is1Is one or more of methyl, ethyl, phenyl and trifluoropropyl.
Preferably, said R is2The structural formula is shown in the specification.
Preferably, the cyclic carbonate containing vinyl group has the formula:
Figure BDA0001410636440000041
preferably, the cyclic carbonate modified POSS has the formula:
Figure BDA0001410636440000042
wherein n is an integer, n is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 8,
preferably, said R is3The structural formula of (A) is:
Figure BDA0001410636440000043
wherein R is4is-CH2-CH2-CH2-。
Preferably, the cyclic carbonate modified POSS is used in an amount of 1-10 parts.
Preferably, the vulcanization temperature of the silicone rubber is 25-120 ℃.
Preferably, the vulcanization time is 2-24 h.
The invention also provides a novel cyclic carbonate modified POSS and a synthesis method thereof, wherein ethylene carbonate and SH-POSS are mixed in a solvent according to a molar ratio of 3-8/1, a proper amount of photoinitiator is added into the solvent, the mixture is uniformly stirred, a mercapto-ene click reaction is carried out for 0.5-10 min under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, and the solvent is removed to obtain the cyclic carbonate modified POSS. The photoinitiator is one or more of benzoin ethers, dialkoxyacetophenone, thioether benzophenone containing thioether, thioxanthone, anthraquinone, benzophenone and derivatives thereof; the solvent is any one of alcohols, chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1, 4-dioxane, N, dimethylformamide, N, dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-pyrrolidone.
The invention also provides the silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking prepared by any one of the methods.
The silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking can be used for preparing fields such as aerospace, chemical instruments and medical appliances, and can meet related requirements of the industry.
The invention also provides a better preparation method of the silicon rubber based on POSS structure reinforcement and crosslinking. The method comprises the following steps: 100 parts of alpha, omega-aminopropyl polysiloxane, 5000mPa.s of viscosity and 3 parts of cyclic carbonate-POSS, uniformly mixing at room temperature, placing in a mold, and vulcanizing at 60 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the silicone rubber.
Example 1
100g of base rubber alpha, omega-aminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane (the viscosity is about 30000mPa.s), 3g of cyclic carbonate modified POSS, uniformly mixing at room temperature (20-25 ℃), placing in a mold, and vulcanizing at 60 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain silicon rubber;
wherein the structural formula of the cyclic carbonate modified POSS is as follows:
Figure BDA0001410636440000051
wherein n is 6,
preferably, said R is3The structural formula of (A) is:
Figure BDA0001410636440000052
wherein R is4is-CH2-CH2-CH2-。
And respectively measuring the hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break of the vulcanized silicone rubber according to national standards GB/T531.1-2008, GB/T528-2009 and GB/T529-2008.
Hardness 40Shore A, tensile strength 5.6MPa, elongation at break 467%, tear strength 13.6 kN/m.
Example 2
The procedure described in example 1 was repeated, except that the base gum α, ω -aminopropylpolydimethylsiloxane had a viscosity of 5000 mpa.s.
Hardness 45Shore A, tensile strength 4.5MPa, elongation at break 412%, and tear strength 12.3 kN/m.
Example 3
The procedure described in example 1 was repeated, except that the viscosity of the base gum, α, ω -aminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane, was 50000 mpa.s.
Hardness 38Shore A, tensile strength 7.1MPa, elongation at break 532%, and tear strength 15.0 kN/m.
Example 4
The procedure described in example 1 was repeated except that 1g of the cyclic carbonate-modified POSS was used.
Hardness 32Shore A, tensile strength 4.2MPa, elongation at break 380%, and tear strength 10.1 kN/m.
Example 5
The procedure described in example 1 was repeated except that 5g of cyclic carbonate modified POSS was used.
Hardness 46Shore A, tensile strength 7.8MPa, elongation at break 428%, tear strength 15.4 kN/m.
Example 6
The procedure described in example 1 was repeated except that the base gum was α, ω -aminopropyl polymethylethylsiloxane.
Hardness 40Shore A, tensile strength 5.0MPa, elongation at break 401%, and tear strength 13.2 kN/m.
Example 7
The procedure described in example 1 was repeated except that the base gum was α, ω -aminopropylpolymethylphenylsiloxane.
Hardness 46Shore A, tensile strength 5.2MPa, elongation at break 431%, tear strength 15.6 kN/m.
Example 8
The procedure described in example 1 was repeated except that the base gum was α, ω -aminopropyl polymethyltrifluoropropyl siloxane.
Hardness 43Shore A, tensile strength 6.0MPa, elongation at break 464%, tear strength 16.2 kN/m.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a silicon rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
copolymerizing alpha, omega-amino alkyl polysiloxane serving as base rubber and cyclic carbonate POSS serving as reinforcing filler to prepare room-temperature or high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber;
the cyclic carbonate POSS is synthesized by mercapto-alkene reaction of cyclic carbonate containing vinyl and SH-POSS;
the structural formula of the cyclic carbonate POSS is as follows:
Figure FDA0002507885570000011
wherein n is an integer, n is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 8, R3The structural formula of (A) is:
Figure FDA0002507885570000012
R4is-CH2-CH2-CH2-。
2. The method of preparing a POSS reinforcement and crosslinking based silicone rubber of claim 1 wherein said vinyl-containing cyclic carbonate has the formula:
Figure FDA0002507885570000013
3. the method for preparing the POSS reinforcement and crosslinking based silicone rubber according to claim 1, wherein,
the cyclic carbonate containing vinyl is ethylene carbonate;
the preparation method of the cyclic carbonate POSS comprises the following steps: ethylene carbonate and SH-POSS are mixed according to a molar ratio of 3-8: 1, mixing the raw materials in a solvent, carrying out sulfydryl-alkene click reaction under the irradiation of ultraviolet light in the presence of a photoinitiator, and removing the solvent to obtain the composite material.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the photoinitiator is one or more of benzoin ethers, dialkoxyacetophenones, thioether benzophenone-containing compounds, thioxanthone, anthraquinone, benzophenone, and derivatives thereof;
the solvent is any one of alcohols, chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1, 4-dioxane, N, dimethylformamide, N, dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-pyrrolidone.
5. The method of preparing a POSS reinforcement and crosslinking based silicone rubber in accordance with claim 1 wherein said α, ω -amino hydrocarbyl polysiloxane has the formula:
Figure FDA0002507885570000021
wherein m is an integer, R1Is methyl, ethyl, phenyl or trifluoropropyl.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the α, ω -aminoalkylpolysiloxane has a viscosity of from 1000 to 100000 mPa.s.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the alpha, omega-aminoalkyl based polysiloxane to cyclic carbonate POSS is 100 parts by weight: 1-10;
and the copolymerization reaction condition is vulcanization for 2-24 hours at 25-120 ℃.
8. The silicone rubber prepared by the preparation method of the silicone rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking as set forth in any one of claims 1-7.
9. The application of the silicone rubber prepared by the preparation method of the silicone rubber based on POSS reinforcement and crosslinking in the fields of light industry, chemical industry, textile industry, machinery, construction, traffic, national defense, energy, medical treatment and agriculture, in the preparation of aerospace materials and electronic and electrical equipment.
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CN113443858B (en) * 2020-12-31 2022-04-22 江苏苏博特新材料股份有限公司 Fluorine-containing organic silicon polymer modified epoxy resin daub and preparation method thereof
CN113861426B (en) * 2021-11-05 2022-06-21 北京理工大学 Addition type liquid silicone rubber and preparation method thereof
CN115386091B (en) * 2022-08-29 2023-10-24 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 Preparation method, application and regeneration method of high-strength self-healing organosilicon elastomer
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