CN1077211C - 用于识别一个多缸柴油发动机中的不规则的燃烧过程的方法 - Google Patents

用于识别一个多缸柴油发动机中的不规则的燃烧过程的方法 Download PDF

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CN1077211C
CN1077211C CN97193432A CN97193432A CN1077211C CN 1077211 C CN1077211 C CN 1077211C CN 97193432 A CN97193432 A CN 97193432A CN 97193432 A CN97193432 A CN 97193432A CN 1077211 C CN1077211 C CN 1077211C
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CN1214758A (zh
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K·温兹劳斯基
A·弗利德里希
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/221Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
    • F02B77/085Safety, indicating, or supervising devices with sensors measuring combustion processes, e.g. knocking, pressure, ionization, combustion flame
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/12Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring vibrations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/025Engine noise, e.g. determined by using an acoustic sensor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/027Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using knock sensors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809Common rail control systems

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
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Abstract

通过用一个或多个固体声传感器探测各个缸中的燃烧噪声和借助随后检查传感器信号是否在规定的测量窗之内或之外超过针对具体的缸的阈值,可探测出误喷射和不喷射。

Description

用于识别一个多缸柴油发动机中的不规则的燃烧过程的方法
本发明涉及一种用于借助一个固定声传感器通过对燃烧噪声的评估识别一个多缸柴油发动机中的不规则的燃烧过程的方法。
柴油发动机中的喷油系统的任务在于在很短的时间内把燃料尽可能细雾化地喷入燃烧室。喷射压力越高,则混合气形成得越好并据此燃料消耗和发烟越少。现有技术的喷油系统,即所谓的共轭喷油系统以最高达1500巴的喷射压力作业并主要由一个高压泵、蓄压器、喷射器和具有必须的传感器的电子控制装置组成。
这种针对具体的缸可操纵的喷油系统的问题在于,通过譬如在错误的时间点的误驱动或通过由于一个或多个喷油器不喷油造成的不驱动,发动机的运转特性,特别是废气特性受到负面影响。
发明的任务在于提供一种方法,借助该方法可简单地和费用合理地探测因误喷射所导致的多缸发动机中的不规则的燃烧或不燃烧。
按照发明,用于识别一个多缸柴油发动机中的不规则的燃烧过程的方法,其特征在于,
-燃烧噪声借助至少一个固体声传感器在可预先给定的测量窗MF1…z内针对具体的缸被探测,
-针对具体的缸的固体声信号KS1…z与各个配属于缸zyl1…z的阈值SW1…z比较,
-在超过阈值SW1…Z的情况下,检查固体声信号KS1…z是否在测量窗MF1…z之内或在测量窗MF1…z之外超过阈值SW1…z
-在阈值SW1…z在测量窗MF1…z之外被超过的情况下,得出喷油装置的喷油器不喷射的结论。在本说明书的最佳实施例描述部分中描述了发明的优选的实施形式。
通过借助固体声分析对各个缸的燃烧室内燃烧噪声的评估,能探测譬如因误驱动喷油器或因一个或多个喷油器完全失效造成的、不足的燃烧过程,特别是在标明有误喷射的情况下,可对发动机采取保护措施。
下面借助附图详细说明本发明的一个实施例。附图所示为:
图1一个缸中的压力的和燃烧噪声的、与曲柄转角相关的定性曲线;
图2用于确定不规则的燃烧过程的方法过程的流程框图,
图3在四缸发动机中,气缸压力的和爆震传感器的相应的信号的测量曲线。
图1定性地示出了柴油发动机的一个缸中的压力Pzy1与曲柄转角的典型关系曲线。其中,用标号OT表示上死点。作为另一条曲线,在图中绘出了该缸中的燃烧噪声VS的附属曲线。该燃烧噪声的出现被用于探测有误的或不是的燃烧过程。为此,一个固体声传感器固定在发动机汽缸体的适宜的位置上。该固体声传感器探测各个缸的燃烧室中的特有的爆震。该传感器把该震动转换成电信号,该电信号被输往发动机的电子控制装置进行继续处理。可优选地把一个爆震传感器,即一个按压电原理工作的加速度传感器用作固体声传感器。
譬如德国的实用新型G8706781.1公开了这种爆震传感器。如果只用一个爆震传感器,则其安置位置可尽可能选在发动机外壳的中央处。为了提高对各个缸的爆震信号的评估的精确度,在规定传感器和缸之间的配属关系的情况下,可采用两个或多个设在发动机外壳的相应位置上的爆震传感器。
借助图2所示的流程框图说明针对每个缸的方法过程。
针对具体的缸在预先给定的测量窗MF内,譬如在上死点OT前的曲柄转角45°和上死点OT后的曲柄转角15°的范围内对燃烧噪声和由此导出的爆震信号进行测量和评估。
因此,在第一方法步骤S1中,测量窗MF1…2作为发动机的转速n的、负荷的和缸号Z的函数被规定。由于燃烧噪声的由相应的缸中的生成处至传感器的探测处的渡越时间,测量窗被存储在发动机控制装置的一个存储器内的针对具体的缸的特性曲线族中。
为每个缸zyl1…z,一个阈值SW1…z与转速和负荷有关地被规定(方法步骤S2)并且这些阈值也被存储在一个存储器中。在方法步骤S3中,固体声传感器的噪声信号被采集,随后被整理(被检波)并借助一个针对具体的缸的信号放大器被放大(方法步骤S4)。放大倍率是可分级或可无级变化的。这可保证,在发动机的所有的工作条件下,可评估的信号变化曲线在预定的范围内。
在方法步骤S5中,具体的缸的固体声信号与相应的、配属的阈值SW1…z(图1)比较。如果该阈值被超过,则随后检查传感器的信号是否还处在规定的测量窗MF1…z内(方法步骤S6)。如果传感器的信号不处在规定的测量窗MF1…z内,则在方法步骤S7中得出误喷射的结论并可采取保护发动机的措施,譬如缩短对该喷油器的驱动时间或压抑驱动脉冲(方法步骤S8)。
如果被爆震传感器探测的信号KS1…z在测量窗MF1…z内超过阈值SW1… z,则在该缸zyl1…Z中得出燃烧正常的结论(方法步骤S9)。爆震传感器的以该方式得出的信号KS1…z可被用于确定相应的缸中的燃烧开始和用于其它的控制措施,如用于对燃烧开始进行调节。
如果对方法步骤S5中的询问的检查结果是:传感器的信号KS1…z低于阈值SW1…z,则在方法步骤S10中检查传感器信号的最大放大倍率是否已被超过。如果答案是肯定的,则在方法步骤S11中得出不燃烧并从而得出不喷射的结论。如果答案是否定的,则方法步骤S4、S5和S10被重复,直至或者阈值被超过,或者是对在方法步骤S10中的询问得到肯定的答案为止。
在图3中绘出了通过在1500l/min时在四缸发动机上的测量得出的线圈。根据点火顺序1-3-4-2,示出了缸中的压力Pzyl1…4的变化曲线和爆震传感器的配属的信号KS1…4

Claims (9)

1.用于识别一个多缸柴油发动机中的不规则的燃烧过程的方法,其特征在于,
-燃烧噪声借助至少一个固体声传感器在可预先给定的测量窗(MF1…z)内针对具体的缸被探测,
-针对具体的缸的固体声信号(KS1…z)与各个配属于缸(zyl1…z)的阈值(SW1…z)比较,
-在超过阈值(SW1…z)的情况下,检查固体声信号(KS1…z)是否在测量窗(MF1…z)之内或在测量窗(MF1…z)之外超过阈值(SW1…z),
-在阈值(SW1…z)在测量窗(MF1…z)之外被超过的情况下,得出喷油装置的喷油器不喷射的结论。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
在阈值(SW1…z)在测量窗(MF1…z)之内被超过的情况下,得出燃烧正常的结论。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,固定声信号(KS1…z)在被进一步处理之前被滤波并针对具体的缸被放大,其中,放大倍率是可分级或可无级变化的。
4.按照权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,
如果对各个缸(zyl1…z)而言,在最大放大倍率时,阈值(SW1…z)在测量窗(MF1-z)之内未被超过,则得出不喷油的结论。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
在识别出不喷油的情况下,采取保护发动机的措施,如缩短驱动时间或压抑驱动脉冲。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
一个按压电原理工作的加速度传感器被用作固体声传感器。
7.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
测量窗(MF1…z)包括一个由上死点之前至上死点之后的范围。
8.按照权利要求1或7所述的方法,其特征在于,
测量窗(MF1…z)存在于发动机电子控制装置的一个存储器的针对具体的缸的特性曲线族中。
9.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
多个固体声传感器被设置,其中,发动机的一定数目的缸(zyl1…z)分别配属于一个传感器。
CN97193432A 1996-03-27 1997-03-04 用于识别一个多缸柴油发动机中的不规则的燃烧过程的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1077211C (zh)

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DE19612180A DE19612180C1 (de) 1996-03-27 1996-03-27 Verfahren zum Erkennen von irregulären Verbrennungsvorgängen in einer mehrzylindrigen Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine
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BR9708359A (pt) 1999-08-03
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DE19612180C1 (de) 1997-03-06
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