CN107721103A - 一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法 - Google Patents

一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法 Download PDF

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CN107721103A
CN107721103A CN201710895759.4A CN201710895759A CN107721103A CN 107721103 A CN107721103 A CN 107721103A CN 201710895759 A CN201710895759 A CN 201710895759A CN 107721103 A CN107721103 A CN 107721103A
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mud
sludge
curing agent
river channel
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施建耀
潘威
施仲耀
高雪琴
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Zhejiang Haiyi Environmental Control Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，包括清淤处理、淤泥转运、淤泥处理以及淤泥再利用，其中在淤泥处理中采用的固化剂按重量比包括水泥10‑15份、生石灰10‑15份、聚氯化铝3‑8份、蒙脱石5‑10份、石膏2‑5份、水凝胶5‑10份和膨胀石墨5‑10份。本发明得到的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，其技术效果是经过清淤处理、淤泥转运、淤泥处理以及淤泥再利用，从而实现河道淤泥的固化处理利用及生态治理，同时本发明中的淤泥固化剂可以降低高含水率淤泥的含水率，能够有效减小固化后淤泥的内部应变，防止开裂。

Description

一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种淤泥处理方法，特别是一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法。
背景技术
随着经济建设的飞速发展，人类活动迁移频繁，城市化进程加快，污水排放量大幅增加，大量污水直接排放湖泊，再加降雨地表产流、产沙和产污导致我国部分地区河流、湖泊泥水环境状况急剧恶化，不少河道、湖泊淤积面抬高，淤积十分严重以致淤泥淤积日益成为社会性公害，引发出一系列环境隐患。
目前的河道清淤工程，大多数具有水质改善的目的，但是传统的清淤方式在河底淤泥污染负荷很大的情况下，容易把原本已经沉积下来的污染物搅动起来，造成污染扩散，破坏水体环境。
因此现在有必要提出一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，从而可以在考虑成本的前提下，积极地采用保护水体环境的清淤方式，集成多种清淤手段，使清淤工程在人为可控制的范围内安全、经济的实施。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术的不足而提供一种工艺简单、成本低、效率高的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所设计的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)清淤处理，采用吸泥器将淤泥从河道中吸出来，其中吸泥器的顶端设有真空泵，侧边连接有管道，该吸泥器利用负压吸附原理将淤泥吸出至管道中；
(2)淤泥转运，将管道中的淤泥放置到滤水网中，先过滤掉一部分水，然后用挖掘机将淤泥转运至淤泥处理单元；
(3)淤泥处理，先使用多级格栅滤除去淤泥中的垃圾，然后采用真空抽滤的方式去除大部分的水，接着将淤泥放置浓缩池进一步干化，再将淤泥放入至搅拌机，接着放入固化剂，并充分搅拌，其中所述固化剂按重量比包括水泥10-15份、生石灰10-15份、聚氯化铝3-8份、蒙脱石5-10份、石膏2-5份、水凝胶5-10份和膨胀石墨5-10份；
(4)淤泥再利用，将已经固化的淤泥转运至临时堆放场，陈化3-7天后运至砖瓦厂烧砖或制作地砖，或者作为筑坝用土和绿化用土。
所述固化剂的制备方法是按重量份配料后，先将水泥10-15份、生石灰10-15份、聚氯化铝3-8份、蒙脱石5-10份、石膏2-5份搅拌均匀，然后放入加热炉中进行加热，温度为180-200℃，加热时间30min，冷却后与水凝胶5-10份和膨胀石墨5-10份混合，搅拌均匀即得固化剂。
在清淤处理环节中，采用吸泥器将河道中的淤泥连同河水一起吸出至管道中，其中在清淤操作时要使吸泥器的底部亲密接触于淤泥体内，使其形成局部封闭，然后通过吸泥器上的真空泵将淤泥排出。
在淤泥转运环节中，将管道中的淤泥放置到滤水网中，通过将淤泥静置在滤水网上从而先过滤掉一部分水，然后用挖掘机将滤水网上面的淤泥转运至淤泥处理单元。
在淤泥处理单元中，利用真空抽滤的方式去除大部分的水，然后加入固化剂搅拌，上述固化剂中的水泥和生石灰中的主要成分通过水化反应社生成结晶水吸收部分水分；聚氯化铝用于吸收淤泥中的大量水分，并迅速絮凝和团粒化，使细颗粒粗化，提高渗透系数和脱水速度；蒙脱石以及石膏用于吸水，而水凝胶用于包覆上述有效成分，使其在水中能够缓慢释放，膨胀石墨则可吸附有毒有害的物质，使其转化成类似土壤或胶结强度很大的固体，从而降低污泥的吸水性，加速污泥脱水的进程，同时膨胀石墨可以吸附并固化淤泥中的重金属，并且随着淤泥含水量的降低，原本游离在水中的重金属离子被固化，达到填埋和建筑填土的要求。
在淤泥再利用单元中，固化后的淤泥的工程性质明显改善，且无无显著的污染物浸出现象，可运至砖瓦厂烧砖或制作地砖，或者作为筑坝用土和绿化用土。
本发明得到的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，其技术效果是经过清淤处理、淤泥转运、淤泥处理以及淤泥再利用，从而实现河道淤泥的固化处理利用及生态治理，同时本发明中的淤泥固化剂可以降低高含水率淤泥的含水率，能够有效减小固化后淤泥的内部应变，防止开裂，并且固化强度高，固化时间短，能实现快凝、快硬，解决了大量淤泥沉积所造成的污染环境等问题，节能环保。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1：
本实施例提供的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)清淤处理，采用吸泥器将淤泥从河道中吸出来，其中吸泥器的顶端设有真空泵，侧边连接有管道，该吸泥器利用负压吸附原理将淤泥吸出至管道中；
(2)淤泥转运，将管道中的淤泥放置到滤水网中，先过滤掉一部分水，然后用挖掘机将淤泥转运至淤泥处理单元；
(3)淤泥处理，先使用多级格栅滤除去淤泥中的垃圾，然后采用真空抽滤的方式去除大部分的水，接着将淤泥放置浓缩池进一步干化，再将淤泥放入至搅拌机，接着放入固化剂，并充分搅拌，其中所述固化剂按重量比包括水泥10份、生石灰10份、聚氯化铝3份、蒙脱石5份、石膏2份、水凝胶5份和膨胀石墨5份；
(4)淤泥再利用，将已经固化的淤泥转运至临时堆放场，陈化3-7天后运至砖瓦厂烧砖或制作地砖，或者作为筑坝用土和绿化用土。
所述固化剂的制备方法是按重量份配料后，先将水泥10份、生石灰10份、聚氯化铝3份、蒙脱石5份、石膏2份搅拌均匀，然后放入加热炉中进行加热，温度为180-200℃，加热时间30min，冷却后与水凝胶5份和膨胀石墨5份混合，搅拌均匀即得固化剂。
将本实施例中已陈化3-7天后的淤泥浸水1天后测定其无侧限抗压强度为3.78Mpa。
实施例2：
本实施例提供的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，其大体步骤与实施例1相同，但在具体使用过程中，所述固化剂按重量比包括水泥15份、生石灰15份、聚氯化铝8份、蒙脱石10份、石膏5份、水凝胶10份和膨胀石墨10份。
将本实施例中已陈化3-7天后的淤泥浸水1天后测定其无侧限抗压强度为3.82Mpa。
实施例3：
本实施例提供的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，其大体步骤与实施例1相同，但在具体使用过程中，所述固化剂按重量比包括水泥12份、生石灰12份、聚氯化铝5份、蒙脱石5份、石膏5份、水凝胶5份和膨胀石墨8份。
将本实施例中已陈化3-7天后的淤泥浸水1天后测定其无侧限抗压强度为3.85Mpa。

Claims (2)

1.一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)清淤处理，采用吸泥器将淤泥从河道中吸出来，其中吸泥器的顶端设有真空泵，侧边连接有管道，该吸泥器利用负压吸附原理将淤泥吸出至管道中；
(2)淤泥转运，将管道中的淤泥放置到滤水网中，先过滤掉一部分水，然后用挖掘机将淤泥转运至淤泥处理单元；
(3)淤泥处理，先使用多级格栅滤除去淤泥中的垃圾，然后采用真空抽滤的方式去除大部分的水，接着将淤泥放置浓缩池进一步干化，再将淤泥放入至搅拌机，接着放入固化剂，并充分搅拌，其中所述固化剂按重量比包括水泥10-15份、生石灰10-15份、聚氯化铝3-8份、蒙脱石5-10份、石膏2-5份、水凝胶5-10份和膨胀石墨5-10份；
(4)淤泥再利用，将已经固化的淤泥转运至临时堆放场，陈化3-7天后运至砖瓦厂烧砖或制作地砖，或者作为筑坝用土和绿化用土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种污染河道淤泥固化处理利用及生态治理方法，其特征在于：所述固化剂的制备方法是按重量份配料后，先将水泥10-15份、生石灰10-15份、聚氯化铝3-8份、蒙脱石5-10份、石膏2-5份搅拌均匀，然后放入加热炉中进行加热，温度为180-200℃，加热时间30min，冷却后与水凝胶5-10份和膨胀石墨5-10份混合，搅拌均匀即得固化剂。
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