CN107717189B - Three-wire welding gun and multi-wire submerged arc welding method - Google Patents
Three-wire welding gun and multi-wire submerged arc welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107717189B CN107717189B CN201710915582.XA CN201710915582A CN107717189B CN 107717189 B CN107717189 B CN 107717189B CN 201710915582 A CN201710915582 A CN 201710915582A CN 107717189 B CN107717189 B CN 107717189B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 656
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-wire welding gun, wherein a welding wire of the three-wire welding gun comprises a first hot wire and two cold wires. The invention also provides a multi-wire submerged arc welding method, which adopts the three-wire welding gun to weld. According to the three-wire welding gun and the multi-wire submerged arc welding method, the two cold wires are melted by the heat generated by the one hot wire, compared with the prior art that the two cold wires are melted by the heat of the two hot wires, the three-wire welding gun and the multi-wire submerged arc welding method can more effectively absorb redundant heat of an electric arc and a molten pool, avoid thermal damage to a base metal caused by heat input of the welding gun, and can remarkably improve the forming quality of a welding line when the three-wire welding gun and the multi-wire submerged arc welding method are applied to welding of a medium plate. In addition, the three-wire welding gun provided by the invention is provided with two filling cold wires, so that the deposition efficiency can be improved more effectively, and the welding efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the quality of a welding seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a three-wire welding gun and a multi-wire submerged arc welding method.
Background
In the production process of large-scale structural parts, a large number of plate welding procedures exist, and the efficiency and quality of plate welding directly influence the delivery cycle of products and the safety of structures. One of the methods for improving the manufacturing efficiency of the structural member is to weld the plates by adopting a single-sided welding double-sided forming process, wherein the single-sided welding double-sided forming process refers to a process of only welding the front surface of the plates, and ensuring that the front surface and the back surface of the welded plates can obtain welding seams with the surface and the internal quality meeting the requirements. Compared with the common double-sided welding process, the single-sided welding and double-sided forming process can omit the procedures of turning over the plate, back-side back chipping and the like, thereby remarkably improving the manufacturing efficiency of the structural member.
The single-sided welding and double-sided forming process generally adopts a submerged arc welding method to weld the plates. The welding wire for submerged arc welding has short extension length from the contact tip, so that high-current welding is adopted, and the welding wire belongs to a high-heat input fusion welding method. By virtue of the high heat input level, submerged arc welding techniques can melt metal throughout the thickness of the sheet material, thereby achieving single sided welding and double sided forming of the thick plate. In addition, in the welding process of submerged arc welding, the electric arc burns under the flux layer, and the ignition of the electric arc, the feeding of the welding rod and the movement of the electric arc are all completed mechanically, so that the degree of automation is high, the quality of the welding seam is ensured, and the labor condition is good. Submerged arc welding can also be achieved in a semi-automatic form, i.e. the feeding of the welding wire is done mechanically and the movement of the arc is done manually.
The welding efficiency of submerged arc welding is mainly measured by the melting amount of filler metal in unit time, i.e., the deposition rate. For ordinary submerged arc welding, a method of increasing the deposition rate is to increase the heat input per unit time. However, too high a heat input may cause welding defects such as humps, undercuts, etc. Therefore, the improvement of submerged arc welding productivity is restricted by the heat input factor during welding, and the upper limit of productivity is always restricted by the heat input that the base material can withstand.
Compared with single-wire submerged arc welding, the multi-wire submerged arc welding process can properly improve the heat input amount in unit time, thereby improving the welding speed. The multi-wire submerged arc welding refers to a submerged arc welding method for completing the same welding line by using two or more welding wires simultaneously. The essence of multi-wire welding is that the instantaneous power distribution on the base material in the welding process is changed, namely, the total energy input to the base material by a welding gun is properly dispersed, so that the total heat input bearable by the base material is improved. At present, in the multi-wire submerged arc welding method adopted in industry, in welding thick plate welding structures (large ship bodies, welded steel pipes, thick-wall pressure vessels and H-shaped steel beams), up to 3-6 wire feeding motors are already applied, so that multi-arc welding of 3-10 welding wires can be simultaneously carried out, and the welding speed and the production efficiency can be greatly improved. However, in the multi-arc welding method, the essence of the improvement of the welding speed is realized by a method of improving the line energy, so that the deformation problem caused by high heat input is often required to be corrected after welding, and the heat damage to the base material is ignored. Particularly, when welding fine-grain high-strength steel and materials with strong heat sensitivity, large energy is input into a base metal and a welding line, heat damage is caused to the base metal and the welding line, crystal grains of a heat affected zone of the base metal are coarsened, a local softening phenomenon is generated, the mechanical properties of the heat affected zone are uneven, and the welding quality and the service performance are affected.
At the seventeenth beijing aesen welding and cutting exhibition in 2012, the company of isax has proposed a new auxiliary cold wire submerged arc welding process. A cold wire is inserted between two parallel hot wires, redundant heat of the hot wires is utilized to melt the cold wire, and the deposition rate is improved under the condition of not changing the total heat input value, so that the welding speed is improved. The technology adopts a filling cold wire which is not electrified and heated to be automatically inserted into a overheated molten pool, absorbs redundant heat of the filling cold wire, balances the distribution ratio of the heat of the molten pool, and is used as a welding seam filling metal.
However, the submerged arc welding technology for melting cold wires by using the residual heat of the two hot wires still has a higher heat input value, and is suitable for welding thick plates. For the medium-thickness plate (the thickness is 8-30 mm), the thickness is smaller than that of the thick plate, so that the medium-thickness plate is more sensitive to heat input, and if the welding parameters are improperly controlled, welding deformation and heat damage to a base metal are extremely easy to occur. Therefore, how to apply the cold wire technology to the welding of the medium plate, and further improve the deposition rate on the premise of ensuring the forming quality of the welding line under the condition of controlling the total heat input level of the plate, thereby improving the welding efficiency of the medium plate, is a problem to be discussed by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a welding gun and a submerged arc welding method suitable for welding a medium plate, which can improve the deposition rate under the condition of not increasing heat input, thereby improving the welding efficiency on the premise of obtaining a welding line meeting the requirement and not damaging a parent metal.
The invention provides a three-wire welding gun, which comprises a welding gun main body, a first hot wire and two cold wires, wherein the first hot wire and the two cold wires penetrate out of the welding gun main body, the projection points of the front end points of the first hot wire and the front end points of the two cold wires on the surface of a workpiece to be welded are positioned on the same straight line, the projection points of the first hot wire are positioned between the projection points of the two cold wires, the first hot wire is communicated with a power supply, and the two cold wires are not communicated with the power supply.
Further, the two cold wires are symmetrically arranged relative to the extending shaft of the first hot wire, the extending shaft of the cold wires and the extending shaft of the first hot wire form an included angle, and the included angle enables the first hot wire and the two cold wires to gather together towards the generating direction of the electric arc.
Further, the diameters of the two cold wires are equal, and the diameter of the first hot wire is larger than that of each cold wire.
The three-wire welding gun provided by the invention comprises the first hot wire and the two cold wires, so that the waste heat of the first hot wire can be more fully utilized, and the deposition rate can be more effectively improved under the condition of not improving the welding heat input, thereby improving the welding efficiency on the premise of ensuring the welding quality.
The invention also provides a multi-wire submerged-arc welding method, which comprises a pre-splicing step of the plate and a submerged-arc welding step of the plate, wherein the thickness D of the plate is 8-30 mm; a pre-splicing step, namely moving the plates to be spliced so that the parts to be welded of the plates are aligned with each other; a submerged arc welding step, namely performing submerged arc welding on the plate by using a front gun, or performing submerged arc welding on the plate synchronously by using a front gun and a rear gun, wherein the front gun is a three-wire welding gun, the three-wire welding gun comprises a welding gun main body, a first hot wire and two cold wires which penetrate out of the welding gun main body, projection points of the front end points of the first hot wire and the front end points of the two cold wires on the surface of a welded workpiece are basically positioned on the same straight line, the projection points of the first hot wire are positioned between the projection points of the two cold wires, the first hot wire is communicated with a power supply, and the two cold wires are not communicated with the power supply; the number of welding channels in the submerged arc welding step is n, wherein n is more than or equal to 1, and the welding speed of each welding channel is v n =360 to 1050mm/min; in the nth welding, the welding parameters of the front gun are as follows: welding current I 1n =600 to 1290a, welding voltage U 1n 31-41V, wire feed speed w of cold wire n ＝(1.2～3.9)v n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 2n =500 to 750A, welding voltage U 2n ＝35～41V。
Further, the two cold wires are symmetrically arranged relative to the extending shaft of the first hot wire, the extending shaft of the cold wires and the extending shaft of the first hot wire form an included angle, and the included angle enables the first hot wire and the two cold wires to gather together towards the generating direction of the electric arc.
Further, the diameters of the two cold wires are equal, and the diameter of the first hot wire is larger than that of each cold wire.
Further, the diameter of the first hot wire is 4.8 mm-5.0 mm, the diameter of each cold wire is 1.6mm, and the distance between the front end point of the first hot wire and the front end point of each cold wire is 7 mm-13 mm.
Further, the diameter of the first hot wire is 4.8mm, and the distance between the front end point of the first hot wire and the front end point of each cold wire is 10mm.
Further, in the welding direction, the rear gun is positioned behind the front gun and spaced from the front gun by 30-60 mm, and the heat input of the rear gun is smaller than that of the front gun.
Further, the rear gun comprises two second hot wires, the diameter of each second hot wire is 1.3-1.9 mm, and the distance between the two second hot wires is 6-10 mm.
Further, the diameter of each second hot wire is 1.6mm, and the distance between the two second hot wires is 8mm.
Further, when the thickness D of the plate is in the range of not less than 8mm and not more than 13mm, in the submerged arc welding step, the plate is subjected to submerged arc welding by using a front gun, and the number of welding channels in the submerged arc welding step is 1; when the thickness D of the plate ranges from 13mm < D less than or equal to 30mm, the front gun and the rear gun are used for submerged arc welding of the plate synchronously.
Further, when the thickness D of the sheet material is in the range of 8 mm.ltoreq.D.ltoreq.10 mm, the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step 1 =490-620 mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =600 to 800A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=31 to 36V 1 =60 to 100cm/mm; when the thickness D of the plate is in the range of 10mm<When D is less than or equal to 13mm, the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step 1 =360 to 500mm/min, welding parameter of front gunThe number is as follows: welding current I 11 =650 to 850A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=32 to 37V 1 ＝100～150cm/mm。
Further, when the range of the thickness D of the plate is D less than or equal to 15mm, the number of welding channels in the submerged arc welding step is 1; when the thickness D of the plate is in the range of D >15mm, the number of welding channels n in the submerged arc welding step is more than or equal to 2.
Further, when the thickness D of the sheet material is in the range of 13mm<When D is less than or equal to 15mm, the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step 1 =620 to 900mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =950 to 1200A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 =200 to 310cm/mm; the welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 21 =500 to 650A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V。
Further, when the thickness D of the sheet material is in the range of 15mm<When D is less than or equal to 18mm, the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step 1 ＝620～900mm/min，v 2 =620 to 900mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =950 to 1150A, welding current I 12 =980 to 1100A, welding voltage U 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 ＝200～310cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; welding parameters of the rear gun: welding current I 21 =550 to 680A, welding current I 22 =580 to 700A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 =35 to 41V; when the thickness D of the plate is 18mm<When D is less than or equal to 28mm, the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step 1 ＝700～1050mm/min，v 2 =600-800 mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =980 to 1210A, welding current I 12 =700 to 890A, welding voltage U 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 ＝175～250cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; the welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 21 =550 to 600A, welding current I 22 =600 to 740A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 ＝35～41V。
Further, when the thickness D of the sheet material is in the range of 28mm<When D is less than or equal to 30mm, the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step 1 ＝700～1050mm/min，v 2～5 =600-800 mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =965 to 1290a, welding current I 12 Welding voltage u=700 to 800A 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 ＝175～250cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; the welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 21 =540 to 690A, welding current I 22 =600 to 750A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 ＝35～41V。
Further, the front gun is connected with a direct current power supply, and the rear gun is connected with an alternating current power supply.
Further, the pre-splicing step comprises a positioning spot welding step, namely spot welding connection of the plates to be spliced.
Further, the pre-splicing step also comprises a step of chamfering, namely chamfering is performed on the edges of the plates to be welded, wherein the chamfering is a Y-shaped chamfering, the chamfering angle is 60-70 degrees, the blunt edge size is 0-3 mm, and the gap is 0-3 mm.
Further, in the pre-splicing step, a back-side forming flux is spread, namely, back-side forming flux is spread on a copper pad arranged below the plate.
Further, the submerged arc welding step is preceded by a preheating step, namely, the plates to be welded are preheated, and the heating temperature is 20 ℃.
Further, the plate is identified as plate A709-50-2 or plate Q345.
Compared with the traditional welding process, the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The double-sided molding of single-sided welding of the medium plate can be realized, the welding seam is well molded, no inclusion exists in the welding seam, and the end part is free from cracking;
(2) The heat of the first hot wire is utilized to melt the two filling cold wires, so that the cladding rate is effectively ensured, the heat input is effectively reduced, the deformation after welding is reduced, and the welding efficiency is improved;
(3) The working procedures of backing welding, plate turning, carbon arc gouging, polishing and the like of double-sided welding are avoided, the productivity is improved by more than 2 times, the welding materials are saved by more than 30%, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 40%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a welding carriage;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a three wire welding gun provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another three wire welding gun provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a plate connection;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a welding gun used in the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a groove in a multi-wire submerged arc welding method according to the present invention;
fig. 8a to 8c are weld seam forming diagrams realized by using the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention.
Description of element reference numerals
100. Welding vehicle
110. First hot wire of main body 113 of three-wire welding gun 111
114. Cold wire 115 cold wire
120. Wire reel
130. Flux hopper
140. Wire feeding mechanism
150. Front gun
160. Rear gun
170. Walking trolley
200. Plate 201 plate 202 plate 203 weld
301. Pad 302 shaped flux
S100 pre-splicing step
S101 groove making step
S102 positioning and spot welding step
S103, spreading back surface forming welding flux
S200 preheating step
S300 submerged arc welding step
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the description of the invention will be presented in connection with various embodiments, it is not intended to limit the inventive features to only those embodiments. Rather, the purpose of the invention described in connection with the embodiments is to cover other alternatives or modifications, which may be extended by the claims based on the invention. The following description contains many specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, some specific details are omitted from the description in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top" and "bottom" used in the following description are set forth to better describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The submerged arc welding apparatus includes a welding power source, a welding carriage, and a control box, and FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a welding carriage 100. The welding carriage 100 is comprised of a welding gun, a traveling carriage (not shown), a wire spool 120, a flux hopper 130, a wire feeder 140, and the like. The front end of the welding gun is provided with a conductive nozzle which can be communicated with a welding power supply. During welding, flux is uniformly deposited at the portion to be welded of the weldment by the flux hopper 130, the welding wire is fed into the welding area by the wire reel 120 through the contact tip of the welding gun, and the arc burns between the welding wire under the flux and the base metal. The traveling carriage moves the welding carriage 100 forward so that the arc moves forward in the welding direction until the entire weld is completed.
Welding wire is the part of the welding apparatus that directly generates an arc, and many process parameters during welding, such as welding current, welding voltage, wire feed speed, etc., are accomplished by controlling the welding wire. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present invention provides a three-wire welding gun 110, the three-wire welding gun 110 including a gun body 111 and three welding wires passing out from a front end of the gun body 111, the three welding wires being in sliding contact with the gun body 111 so that a plurality of welding wires can be fed forward under the control of a wire feeding mechanism 140. In the present invention, the three wire welding gun 110 includes a first hot wire 113 and two cold wires, cold wire 114 and cold wire 115, respectively, wherein the first hot wire 113 may be in communication with a welding power source and the cold wire 114 and cold wire 115 may not be in communication with the power source. In one embodiment, the front end of the welding gun main body 111 is provided with one or more conductive nozzles, the first hot wire 113 passes through and is in sliding contact with one conductive nozzle, and the cold wires 114 and 115 can pass through or not pass through the conductive nozzle. When the cold wires 114 and 115 pass through the contact tip 112, the contact tip accommodating the cold wires 114 and 115 is not in communication with a power source. When the contact tip is connected to a power source, an electric current can be conducted to the first filament 113 in contact therewith. That is, in the present invention, the energized wire is referred to as a hot wire, and conversely, the non-energized wire is referred to as a cold wire. In one embodiment, only one wire in each contact tip passes. In the present invention, the tip of the welding gun means the end of the welding gun near the arc, and the forward feeding of the welding wire means feeding the welding wire in the direction in which the arc burns, and the tip of the welding wire means the tip of the welding wire on the side where the arc is generated.
When an arc is generated between the first hot wire 113 and the base material, the base material and the welding wire are melted to form a molten pool. The cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 are fed into the superheated molten bath under the control of the wire feeder 140, absorbing excess energy of the arc and the molten bath, and the molten cold wire 114 and cold wire 115 are filled into the weld as filler metal. Compared with the prior art that the heat generated by the hot wires is used for melting the two cold wires, the three-wire welding gun provided by the invention can more effectively absorb the redundant heat of an electric arc and a molten pool, avoid the heat damage to a base metal caused by the heat input of the welding gun, and can obviously improve the forming quality of a welding seam when being applied to the welding of a medium plate. In addition, the three-wire welding gun provided by the invention is provided with two filling cold wires, so that the deposition efficiency can be improved more effectively, and the welding efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the quality of a welding seam.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the projection points of the front end point of the cold wire 114, the front end point of the cold wire 115, and the front end point of the first hot wire 113 on the surface of the workpiece to be welded are located on the same line, and the projection point of the first hot wire 113 is located between the projection points of the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115. In the welding process, the projection points of the three welding wires on the surface of the welded workpiece are positioned on the same straight line, so that the front end parts of the two cold wires can be inserted into a molten pool formed by the first hot wire 113, and the redundant heat of an electric arc and the molten pool can be absorbed more effectively. Meanwhile, since the waste heat of the first hot wire 113 is radiated to the periphery, the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 are respectively arranged at two sides of the first hot wire 113.
Further, the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 are symmetrically arranged relative to the extending axis of the first hot wire 113, so that the waste heat of the first hot wire 113 is more fully utilized. The extending shafts of the cold wires 114 and 115 form an included angle with the extending shaft of the first hot wire 113, respectively, so that the first hot wire 113, the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 gather in a forward feeding direction of the welding wire, but do not cross. In one embodiment, the extension axes of the cold wires 114, 115 may be straight as shown in fig. 2, and in another embodiment, the extension axes of the cold wires 114, 115 may be folded as shown in fig. 3. In this way, the distance between the front end point of the first hot wire 113 and the front end points of the cold wires 114 and 115 can be kept small, so that the residual heat of the first hot wire 113 can effectively melt the cold wires 114 and 115. But the root parts of the three welding wires connected with the welding gun respectively keep relatively larger distances, so that the contact tip has enough assembly space, and the root parts of the two cold wires connected with the welding gun can be prevented from being preheated too early, thereby generating adverse effects of too early falling of the coating, too early chemical reaction of certain components and the like.
Further, the wire feeding speeds of the first hot wire 113, the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 can be independently controlled by the wire feeding mechanism 140, so that the wire feeding speeds of the first hot wire 113, the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 can be independently adjusted according to actual needs to form a good welding seam. In another embodiment, the wire feed speeds of cold wire 114 and cold wire 115 may be controlled simultaneously such that the wire feed speeds of cold wire 114 and cold wire 115 are the same. The materials of the first hot wire 113, the cold wire 114, and the cold wire 115 are all common welding wire materials, and may be selected according to the type of base material. In one embodiment, the diameter of the cold wire 114 and the diameter of the cold wire 115 are respectively smaller than the diameter of the first hot wire 113 so that the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 can be effectively melted, and in another embodiment, the diameter of the cold wire 114 and the diameter of the cold wire 115 are equal.
The invention also provides a multi-wire submerged arc welding method for welding the plate 200, wherein the connection form of the plate 200 is shown in fig. 4. Specifically, the sheet 200 includes a sheet 201 and a sheet 202 to be welded, the sheet 201 and the sheet 202 being connected by a weld 203, wherein the thinner sheet of the sheet 201 and the sheet 202 has a thickness D. In the present invention, the thickness D is in the range of 8 to 30mm. In one embodiment, when the sheet 201 and the sheet 202 to be spliced have different thicknesses, the thicker plate is also subjected to an edging process.
As shown in fig. 5, the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention comprises a pre-splicing step S100 of a plate 200 and a submerged arc welding step S300 of the plate 200.
The pre-splicing step S100 refers to moving the positions of the sheet 201 and/or the sheet 202 such that the positions to be welded of the sheet 201 and the sheet 202 are aligned with each other and the relative positional relationship thereof satisfies the design requirements so as to perform the subsequent submerged arc welding step S300. Further, in the pre-splicing step S100, a tack welding step S102 may be further included, that is, tack welding is performed on the plate 201 and the plate 202, so that the relative positional relationship between the plate 201 and the plate 202 is not changed in the subsequent submerged arc welding step S300, so as to ensure the forming quality of the welding seam.
The submerged arc welding step S300 refers to performing a formal welding on the plate 200 to form a weld that satisfies both the external appearance condition and the mechanical properties. In the present invention, the submerged arc welding step S300 may perform submerged arc welding on the plate 200 using the front gun 150, and the front gun 150 is the three-wire welding gun 110 provided in the present invention. As also shown in FIG. 6, the present invention may also be used to simultaneously submerged arc weld sheet material 200 using front gun 150 and rear gun 160. The welding gun is driven by the travelling trolley 170 to move forwards along the welding direction until the whole welding line is welded. According to the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention, the three-wire welding gun 110 is used for welding the plate 201 and the plate 202, namely, the heat generated by one hot wire is used for melting two cold wires, compared with the prior art that the heat of two hot wires is used for melting one cold wire, the excessive heat of an electric arc and a molten pool can be absorbed more effectively, the heat damage of the heat input of the welding gun to a base metal is avoided, and the forming quality of a welding seam can be obviously improved when the multi-wire submerged arc welding method is applied to the welding of a medium plate. In addition, the three-wire welding gun 110 has two filling cold wires, so that the cladding efficiency can be improved more effectively, and the welding efficiency can be improved on the premise of ensuring the welding quality. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention can also utilize double-gun synchronous welding, and can disperse the instantaneous power of a molten pool under the condition of unchanged total heat input, thereby improving the joint performance. Furthermore, the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention can also adopt a multi-layer multi-pass welding mode to control the heat input quantity of each welding to the plate, so as to avoid damaging the base metal.
When welding the medium plate, welding parameters need to be strictly controlled so as to obtain a welding seam meeting the quality requirement. The welding parameters mainly comprise welding current, welding voltage, cold wire speed and welding speed. The weld penetration is proportional to the welding current, the penetration and the weld seam surplus height are obviously increased along with the increase of the welding current, and the width of the weld seam is not changed greatly, but when the welding current is too large, the welding line energy (the line energy refers to the heat input of unit length) is excessively large, and the welding defect is caused. The arc voltage is increased, the welding width is obviously increased, and the penetration and the weld seam surplus height are reduced. When the arc voltage is too large, not only the penetration is reduced, but also the defects of poor weld formation, difficult slag removal, undercut and the like are caused. When the welding speed is increased while other welding parameters are unchanged, the welding heat input quantity is correspondingly reduced, so that the penetration and thickness of the welding seam are also reduced, and the residual height of the welding seam is slightly increased. Therefore, in order to obtain a weld bead with satisfactory quality, it is necessary to adjust each welding parameter so that each parameter matches each parameter and each parameter matches the performance of the welded base metal.
In addition, the cold wire speed is also a key parameter for ensuring the quality of the welding seam. The proper cold wire filling amount can increase the height or the surplus height of the welding seam, reduce the grain size of the welding seam, improve the mechanical property of the opening angle area, adjust the shape of the welding seam, and therefore the mechanical property can be improved. Too low a cold wire feed speed may cause defects such as weld joint unfused, slag inclusion and the like, and too high a cold wire feed speed may cause adverse effects such as wire sticking, unfused, welding wire poking into a molten pool and the like. Therefore, the filling speed and the filling amount of the cooling wire must be strictly controlled, and the surface quality and various mechanical properties of the welding seam are ensured.
In the submerged-arc welding step S300, the number of welding tracks in the submerged-arc welding step is n (n is more than or equal to 1), and the welding speed of each track of welding is v n ＝360～1050mm/min；
In the nth welding, the welding parameters of the front gun are as follows: welding current I 1n =600 to 1290a, welding voltage U 1n 31-41V, wire feed speed w of cold wire n ＝(1.2～3.9)v n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 2n =500 to 750A, welding voltage U 2n ＝35～41V。
Wire feed speed of first filament 113 and welding current I of front gun 150 1n The specific value is proportional to the wire feed speed in the conventional welding, and is not limited herein.
A large number of tests prove that when the parameter conditions are met, the welding seam with the surface quality and the mechanical property meeting the requirements can be obtained. In addition, the medium plate is welded by the multi-wire submerged arc welding process provided by the invention, and the welding speed can be increased by 20% compared with the traditional welding process on the premise that the quality of a welding seam meets the requirement.
Further, when the medium plate is welded, the diameter of the first hot wire 113 ranges from 4.8mm to 5.0mm, and the diameters of the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 range from 1.3mm to 1.9mm. In view of versatility of the welding wire, it is preferable that the diameter of the first hot wire 113 is 4.8mm, and the diameters of the cold wire 114 and the cold wire 115 are 1.6mm. The distance between the front end point of the first hot wire 113 and the front end point of the cold wire 114, and between the front end point of the first hot wire 113 and the front end point of the cold wire 115 is 7mm to 13mm, and the distance between the front end point of the first hot wire 113 and the front end point of the cold wire 114, and between the front end point of the first hot wire 113 and the front end point of the cold wire 115 is preferably 10mm in consideration of the versatility of the welding gun.
Further, when the plate 200 is simultaneously welded using the front gun 150 and the rear gun 160, the rear gun 160 is positioned at the rear of the front gun 150 in the welding direction, and the distance between the front gun 150 and the rear gun 160 is 30 to 60mm. Further, the heat input of the rear gun 160 is less than the heat input of the front gun 150.
Further, the rear gun 160 includes two second hot wires having diameters of 1.3mm to 1.9mm, and the diameter of the second welding wire is preferably 1.6mm in consideration of versatility of the welding wire. The distance between the two second heating wires is 6 mm-10 mm, and considering the universality of the welding gun, the distance between the two second heating wires is preferably 8mm. In one embodiment, the front gun 150 uses a dc power supply to ensure the penetration of the weld seam due to the fact that there is only one first filament 113, and the rear gun 160 uses an ac power supply to effectively avoid magnetic blow-out due to the fact that it includes two second filaments.
Wire feed speed of the second wire and welding current I of the rear gun 160 2n The specific value is proportional to the wire feed speed in the conventional welding, and is not limited herein.
Further, when the thickness D of the sheet material 200 is in the range of 8 mm.ltoreq.D.ltoreq.13 mm, since the sheet material 200 is thin, it is preferable that the sheet material 200 is submerged-arc welded using only the front gun 150 in the submerged-arc welding step S300, and the number of welding lanes in the submerged-arc welding step S300 is 1; when the thickness D of the plate 200 is 13mm < D is less than or equal to 30mm, the front gun 150 and the rear gun 160 are used for submerged arc welding of the plate synchronously, instantaneous heat input of the welding gun is dispersed, and heat damage to the plate is avoided.
Further, when the thickness D of the plate 200 is in the range of 8 mm.ltoreq.D.ltoreq.10mm, the welding parameters of the submerged arc welding step S300 are: welding speed v 1 Compared with the traditional welding method, the welding speed is improved by 20 percent; the welding parameters of the front gun 150 are: welding current I 11 =600 to 800A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=31 to 36V 1 =60 to 100cm/mm; when the thickness D of the plate is in the range of 10mm<And D is less than or equal to 13mm, the welding parameters of the submerged arc welding step are as follows: welding speed v 1 Compared with the traditional welding method, the welding speed is improved by 20 percent; front gun 150The welding parameters of (1) are as follows: welding current I 11 =650 to 850A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=32 to 37V 1 ＝100～150cm/mm。
Further, as the plate thickness D increases, a larger number of welding passes can be used to control the amount of heat input to the plate 200 per weld pass, thereby avoiding damage to the base material. Preferably, when the thickness D of the sheet 200 is in the range of 8mm < D.ltoreq.15 mm, the number of welding lanes in the submerged arc welding step S300 is 1; when the range of the thickness D of the sheet 200 is increased to 15mm < d.ltoreq.28 mm, the number of welding lanes n=2 in the submerged-arc welding step S300; when the range of the thickness D of the plate 200 is further increased to 28mm < D is less than or equal to 30mm, the number of welding tracks n=2-5 in the submerged arc welding step S300; wherein the welding heat input of the filling bead is smaller than the welding heat input of the backing bead.
Further, when the thickness D of the plate 200 is in the range of 13mm<And when D is less than or equal to 15mm, the welding parameters of the submerged arc welding step S300 are as follows: welding speed v 1 The welding speed is improved by 20% compared with the traditional welding method by the method of being=620-900 mm/min; the welding parameters of the front gun 150 are: welding current I 11 =950 to 1200A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 =200 to 310cm/mm; the welding parameters of the rear gun 160 are: welding current I 21 =500 to 650A, welding voltage U 11 ＝35～41V。
Further, as the thickness D of the sheet 200 increases to 15mm<And when D is less than or equal to 18mm, the welding parameters of the submerged arc welding step S300 are as follows: welding speed v 1 ＝620～900mm/min，v 2 The welding speed is improved by 20% compared with the traditional welding method by the method of being=620-900 mm/min; welding parameters of the front gun 150: welding current I 11 =950 to 1150A, welding current I 12 =980 to 1100A, welding voltage U 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 ＝200～310cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; welding parameters of the rear gun 160: welding current I 21 =550 to 680A, welding current I 22 =580 to 700A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 =35 to 41V; when the thickness D of the sheet 200 is within a rangeAround 18mm<And when D is less than or equal to 28mm, the welding parameters of the submerged arc welding step S300 are as follows: welding speed v 1 ＝700～1050mm/min，v 2 The welding speed is improved by 20% compared with the traditional welding method by the method of being 600-800 mm/min; welding parameters of the front gun 150: welding current I 11 =980 to 1210A, welding current I 12 =700 to 890A, welding voltage U 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 ＝175～250cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; welding parameters of the rear gun 160: welding current I 21 =550 to 600A, welding current I 22 =600 to 740A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 ＝35～41V。
Further, when the thickness D of the plate 200 is in the range of 28mm<And when D is less than or equal to 30mm, the welding parameters of the submerged arc welding step S300 are as follows: welding speed v 1 ＝700～1050mm/min，v 2～5 =600-800 mm/min; welding parameters of the front gun 150: welding current I 11 =965 to 1290a, welding current I 12 Welding voltage u=700 to 800A 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35 to 41V 1 ＝175～250cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; welding parameters of the rear gun 160: welding current I 21 =540 to 690A, welding current I 22 =600 to 750A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 ＝35～41V。
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, in the pre-splicing step S100, a beveling step S101 is further included before the tack welding step S102. In the present invention, the groove pattern is preferably a Y-groove, as shown in fig. 7. The bevel angle alpha=60 DEG-70 DEG, the bevel angle gradually decreases with the increase of the plate thickness, the blunt edge is 0-3 mm, and the gap is 0-3 mm. The preferred groove size parameters for different sheet thicknesses are shown in the following table.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the pre-stitching step S100 further includes a spreading reverse side forming flux step S103. As shown in fig. 7, in the one-side welding and two-side molding process, in order to ensure the shape of the weld on the opposite side, a copper pad 301 is installed on the opposite side of the plate 200 to make the shape of the weld meet the design requirements. In a preferred embodiment, a forming flux 302 is spread over the copper pad 301 to facilitate both the formation of the weld and the protection of the copper pad 301.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, submerged arc welding step S300 is preceded by a preheating step S200, i.e., preheating sheet material 200, which reduces the temperature differential (also referred to as the temperature gradient) of sheet material 200 in the weld zone. In this way, on the one hand, the welding stress is reduced, and on the other hand, the welding strain rate is reduced, which is beneficial to avoiding the occurrence of welding cracks. In the present invention, the preheating temperature is preferably 20 ℃ for the medium plate having a thickness d=8 to 30.
In one embodiment, plate 200 is rated A709-50-2 or Q345, which is a fine grain high strength steel that is more susceptible to heat input during welding, and the present invention provides a three wire gun for multi-wire submerged arc welding that yields a good formed weld.
The following examples illustrate welding parameters in the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the present invention, and it should be noted that, in actual operation, voltage may fluctuate within ±3v, current may fluctuate within ±115a, cold wire speed may fluctuate within ±25wt%, and welding speed may fluctuate within ±20wt% on the basis of values provided in the following examples.
[ example 1 ]
The thickness D=8mm of the plate, the welding gun is a front gun 150, and the number of welding channels is 1;
Front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 =700A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire =33v 1 Welding speed v =80 cm/mm 1 ＝555mm/min。
[ example 2 ]
The thickness D=10mm of the plate, the welding gun is a front gun 150, and the number of welding channels is 1;
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 =720a, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire =33v 1 Welding speed v =80 cm/mm 1 ＝550mm/min。
[ example 3 ]
The thickness D=12 mm of the plate, the welding gun is a front gun 150, and the number of welding channels is 1;
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 =750a, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=35V 1 Welding speed v =128 cm/mm 1 ＝430mm/min。
[ example 4 ]
The thickness d=14mm of the plate, the welding gun is a front gun 150 and a rear gun 160 which are used for welding simultaneously, and the number of welding channels is 1;
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 =1075a, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 1 Welding speed v =255 cm/mm 1 ＝760mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 21 =580A, welding voltage U 21 ＝38V。
[ example 5 ]
The thickness d=16mm of the plate, the welding gun is a front gun 150 and a rear gun 160 which are used for welding simultaneously, and the number of welding channels is 2;
first welding:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 =1050A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 1 Welding speed v =255 cm/mm 1 ＝760mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 21 =615A, welding voltage U 21 ＝38V；
And (3) welding for the second time:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 12 =1040A, welding voltage U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 2 Welding speed =255 cm/mmv 2 ＝760mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 22 =640A, welding voltage U 22 ＝38V。
[ example 6 ]
The thickness d=20mm, the welding gun is a front gun 150 and a rear gun 160 which are used for welding simultaneously, and the number of welding channels is 2;
first welding:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 =1100A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 1 Welding speed v =215 cm/mm 1 ＝875mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 21 =575A, welding voltage U 21 ＝38V；
And (3) welding for the second time:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 12 =795a, welding voltage U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 2 Welding speed v =255 cm/mm 2 ＝700mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 22 =670A, welding voltage U 22 ＝38V。
[ example 7 ]
The thickness d=26 mm, the welding gun is a front gun 150 and a rear gun 160 which are used for welding simultaneously, and the number of welding channels is 2;
first welding:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 Welding voltage u=1150A 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 1 Welding speed v =215 cm/mm 1 ＝875mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 21 =580A, welding voltage U 21 ＝38V；
And (3) welding for the second time:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 12 =810A, welding voltage U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 2 Welding speed v =255 cm/mm 2 ＝700mm/min；
Rear gun 160 weldingAnd (3) receiving parameters: welding current I 22 =700A, welding voltage U 22 ＝38V。
[ example 8 ]
The thickness D=30mm of the plate, the welding gun is a front gun 150 and a rear gun 160 which are used for welding simultaneously, and the number of welding channels is 2-5;
first welding:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 11 =1130A, welding voltage U 11 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 1 Welding speed v =215 cm/mm 1 ＝875mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 21 =615A, welding voltage U 21 ＝38V；
Welding the 2 nd to 5 th paths:
front gun 150 welding parameters: welding current I 12 =750a, welding voltage U 12 Wire feed speed w of cold wire=38v 2 Welding speed v =255 cm/mm 2 ＝700mm/min；
Rear gun 160 welding parameters: welding current I 22 =660A, welding voltage U 22 ＝38V。
Post-weld results analysis of the above examples:
1. nondestructive testing
And (3) respectively carrying out RT, UT and MT nondestructive inspection on the welding lines after 48 hours of welding according to AWS D1.1 standard (U.S. steel structure welding standard), wherein the inspection result is qualified.
2. Mechanical properties
And (3) carrying out mechanical tests such as stretching, bending, hardness, impact toughness and the like on the welding line, wherein the mechanical test results are qualified, and the test results are shown in tables a, b and c. Test results show that the tensile strength, the yield strength and the like of the welding joint meet corresponding requirements by adopting the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention. In addition, impact tests are respectively carried out on the weld zone, the welding heat affected zone and the base metal, impact test values are shown in a table d, and impact tests and welding process parameters show that by adopting the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention, the welding deposition efficiency is increased, the heat input is reduced, and the impact performance and the weld quality of the weld are improved.
Table a tensile test results
| Tensile strength/MPa | Fracture site | Test results |
| ≥470 | Base material | Qualified product |
Table b bending test results
Table c hardness test results
| Base material | Heat affected zone | Weld joint | Test results |
| ≤325HV10 | ≤325HV10 | ≤325HV10 | Qualified product |
Table d impact toughness test results
3. Weld forming and cross section
Fig. 8a and 8b show the appearance of a welding seam, and fig. 8c shows the section of the welding seam, and the multi-wire submerged arc welding method provided by the invention can realize single-sided welding and double-sided forming, has smooth appearance of the welding seam, uniform section of the welding seam, no defects such as inclusions and air holes, and excellent welding seam forming.
In summary, the invention provides a three-wire welding gun, wherein the welding wire of the three-wire welding gun comprises a first hot wire and two cold wires. The invention also provides a multi-wire submerged arc welding method, which adopts the three-wire welding gun to weld. According to the three-wire welding gun and the multi-wire submerged arc welding method, the two cold wires are melted by the heat generated by the one hot wire, compared with the prior art that the two cold wires are melted by the heat of the two hot wires, the three-wire welding gun and the multi-wire submerged arc welding method can more effectively absorb redundant heat of an electric arc and a molten pool, avoid thermal damage to a base metal caused by heat input of the welding gun, and can remarkably improve the forming quality of a welding line when the three-wire welding gun and the multi-wire submerged arc welding method are applied to welding of a medium plate. In addition, the three-wire welding gun provided by the invention is provided with two filling cold wires, so that the deposition efficiency can be improved more effectively, and the welding efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the quality of a welding seam.
The foregoing description is examples of embodiments of the present invention for more clearly illustrating the inventive concept, but is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The above-described embodiments can be easily modified and adapted by a person skilled in the art in view of the inventive concept of the present invention, which are all comprised in the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. The multi-wire submerged-arc welding method comprises a pre-splicing step of plates and a submerged-arc welding step of the plates, and is characterized in that,
the thickness D=8-30 mm of the plate;
a pre-splicing step, namely moving the plates to be spliced so that the parts to be welded of the plates are aligned with each other;
a step of submerged-arc welding, namely performing submerged-arc welding on the plate by using a front gun or performing submerged-arc welding on the plate by using a front gun and a rear gun synchronously, wherein the front gun is a three-wire welding gun, the three-wire welding gun comprises a welding gun main body, a first hot wire and two cold wires, the first hot wire penetrates out of the welding gun main body, the front end point of the first hot wire and the front end points of the two cold wires are positioned on the same straight line, the projection points of the first hot wire are positioned between the projection points of the two cold wires, the first hot wire is communicated with a power supply, and the two cold wires are not communicated with the power supply;
The number of welding channels in the submerged arc welding step is n, wherein n is more than or equal to 1, and the welding speed of each welding channel is v n ＝360～1050mm/min；
In the nth welding, the welding parameters of the front gun are as follows: welding current I 1n =600 to 1290a, welding voltage U 1n 31-41V, the wire feeding speed w of the cold wire n ＝(1.2～3.9)v n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 2n =500 to 750A, welding voltage U 2n ＝35～41V；
When the thickness D of the plate is in the range of more than or equal to 8mm and less than or equal to 13mm, in the submerged arc welding step, the front gun is used for submerged arc welding the plate, and the number of welding channels in the submerged arc welding step is 1; when the thickness D of the plate is 13mm < D is less than or equal to 30mm, the front gun and the rear gun are used for carrying out submerged arc welding on the plate synchronously;
in the range of the thickness D of the plateWhen D is more than or equal to 8mm and less than or equal to 10mm, the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step is higher than or equal to 10mm 1 =490-620 mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =600 to 800A, welding voltage U 11 31-36V, the wire feeding speed w of the cold wire 1 ＝60～100cm/mm；
When the thickness D of the plate is in the range of 10mm<D is less than or equal to 13mm, and the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step is smaller than or equal to 13mm 1 =360-500 mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =650 to 850A, welding voltage U 11 =32 to 37V, the wire feed speed w of the cold wire 1 ＝100～150cm/mm；
When the thickness D of the plate is within the range of D less than or equal to 15mm, the number of welding channels in the submerged arc welding step is 1;
when the thickness D of the plate is in a range of D >15mm, the number of welding channels n in the submerged arc welding step is more than or equal to 2;
when the thickness D of the plate is in the range of 13mm<D is less than or equal to 15mm, and the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step is smaller than or equal to 15mm 1 =620 to 900mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =950 to 1200A, welding voltage U 11 =35 to 41V, the wire feed speed w of the cold wire 1 =200 to 310cm/mm; the welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 21 =500 to 650A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V；
When the thickness D of the plate is 15mm<D is less than or equal to 18mm, and the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step is smaller than or equal to 18mm 1 ＝620～900mm/min，v 2 =620 to 900mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =950 to 1150A, welding current I 12 =980 to 1100A, welding voltage U 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 =35 to 41V, the wire feed speed w of the cold wire 1 ＝200～310cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; welding parameters of the rear gun: welding current I 21 =550 to 680A, welding current I 22 =580 to 700A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 ＝35～41V；
When the thickness D of the plate is 18mm <D is less than or equal to 28mm, and the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step is smaller than or equal to 28mm 1 ＝700～1050mm/min，v 2 =600-800 mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =980 to 1210A, welding current I 12 =700 to 890A, welding voltage U 11 ＝35～41V，U 12 =35 to 41V, the wire feed speed w of the cold wire 1 ＝175～250cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; the welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 21 =550 to 600A, welding current I 22 =600 to 740A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 ＝35～41V；
When the thickness D of the plate is 28mm<D is less than or equal to 30mm, and the welding speed v of the submerged arc welding step is smaller than or equal to 30mm 1 ＝700～1050mm/min，v 2～5 =600-800 mm/min, the welding parameters of the front gun are: welding current I 11 =965 to 1290a, welding current I 12 Welding voltage u=700 to 800A 11 ＝＝35～41V，U 12 =35 to 41V, the wire feed speed w of the cold wire 1 ＝175～250cm/mm，w 2 =200 to 310cm/mm; the welding parameters of the rear gun are as follows: welding current I 21 =540 to 690A, welding current I 22 =600 to 750A, welding voltage U 21 ＝35～41V，U 22 ＝35～41V。
2. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein two cold wires are symmetrically arranged relative to an extension axis of the first hot wire, the extension axis of the cold wire and the extension axis of the first hot wire form an included angle, and the included angle enables the first hot wire and the two cold wires to gather in a generating direction of an electric arc.
3. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method of claim 1, wherein the diameters of the two cold wires are equal, and the diameter of the first hot wire is larger than the diameter of each cold wire.
4. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the first hot wire is 4.8mm to 5.0mm, the diameter of each cold wire is 1.6mm, and the distance between the front end point of the first hot wire and the front end point of each cold wire is 7mm to 13mm.
5. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method of claim 4, characterized in that the first hot wire diameter is 4.8mm, and the distance between the front end point of the first hot wire and the front end point of each cold wire is 10mm.
6. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method of claim 4, wherein the rear gun is positioned behind the front gun in a welding direction with a distance of 30 to 60mm from the front gun, and the heat input of the rear gun is smaller than the heat input of the front gun.
7. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method of claim 6, wherein the rear gun comprises two second hot wires, the diameter of each second hot wire is 1.3 mm-1.9 mm, and the distance between the two second hot wires is 6 mm-10 mm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein each second filament has a diameter of 1.6mm and a distance between two second filaments is 8mm.
9. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the front gun is connected to a direct current power supply and the rear gun is connected to an alternating current power supply.
10. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pre-joining step comprises a tack welding step, i.e. a spot welding connection of the sheets to be joined.
11. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a beveling step of beveling the edges of the sheet material to be welded, wherein the beveling is a Y-type bevel, the bevel angle is 60 ° to 70 °, the blunt edge size is 0 to 3mm, and the gap is 0 to 3mm.
12. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pre-stitching step includes a step of spreading back-side forming flux on a copper pad arranged below the sheet material.
13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the submerged arc welding step is preceded by a preheating step, i.e. preheating the sheet material to be welded, at a temperature of 20 ℃.
14. The multi-wire submerged arc welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plate is of the brand steel plate a709-50-2 or steel plate Q345.
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| CN108746946B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2024-09-03 | 中建钢构武汉有限公司 | Welding gun, composite submerged-arc welding process and equipment |
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| CN110216359B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2021-04-09 | 青岛天能重工股份有限公司 | Multi-wire submerged arc welding equipment |
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| CN113458676B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-04-15 | 燕山大学 | Tailor-welding method and system for tailor-welded plates with different thicknesses |
| CN113732446B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Bypass coupling three-wire indirect electric arc welding method with controllable electric arc space structure |
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