CN107714749A - 一种紫草萃取物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种紫草萃取物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107714749A CN107714749A CN201710829417.2A CN201710829417A CN107714749A CN 107714749 A CN107714749 A CN 107714749A CN 201710829417 A CN201710829417 A CN 201710829417A CN 107714749 A CN107714749 A CN 107714749A
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- asian puccoon
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- alkaloid
- asian
- puccoon extract
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紫草萃取物及其制备方法与应用。发明人经多年的攻克首次发现,确证紫草萃取物及紫草生物碱可通过作用于DNA染色体补碱(DNA碱基修复),紫草萃取物可以较强的促进肝癌细胞HepG2摄取葡萄糖,并且其和紫草生物碱均具有抑制醛糖还原酶的作用。显示其在降低血糖、治疗糖尿病以及防治糖尿病神经病变方面均极具潜力。本发明的紫草萃取物和生物碱在治疗糖尿病方面具有起效快、疗程短、副作用小等特点。并且,本发明药物的制备方法便于实现规模化生产,对于治疗糖尿病肠溶口服制剂新药的开发具有重要的现实意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,特别是涉及一种紫草萃取物及其制备方法与其在制备预防和/或治 疗糖尿病药物中的应用。
背景技术
紫草(学名:Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb.et Zucc.)是紫草科紫草属多年生草 本植物,是传统的中药材,属于中国二级保护植物。紫草收载于《中国药典》,药用来源为紫 草的根。春、秋季采挖,晒干或微火烘干。性味归经:味甘、咸,性寒,归心包络、肝经,有凉血、活血、清热、解毒透疹等功效,是中医临床常用的清热解毒、凉血止血药物。主治温 热斑疹、湿热黄疸、紫癜、吐、衄、尿血,淋浊、热结便秘、烧伤、湿疹、丹毒、痈疡等。
紫草的主要产地是中国新疆,主产于巴音郭楞蒙古自治州的和静县巴音布鲁克山区;阿克苏地区的库车、拜城、温宿、乌什、阿合奇等县市;柯尔克孜自治州的阿图什、乌恰等地; 博尔塔拉蒙古自治州的博乐、精河、温泉等地;伊犁哈萨克自治州也有较多的分布。
紫草,呈不规则的长圆柱形,多扭曲,长7~20cm,直径1~2.5cm;表面紫红色或紫褐 色,皮部疏松,呈条形片状,常10余层重叠,易剥落;顶端有的可见分歧的茎残基;体轻,质松软,易折断,断面不整齐,木部较小,黄白色或黄色;气特异,味微苦、涩。
目前,紫草多与其它药材组配形成中药。此外,现有技术中也有将紫草作为原料提取其 中的有效物质作为药物使用的。药用部位除根外,也有使用其全株等,常用的提取方法包括 有机溶剂提取、超临界CO2、微波提取或其组合等。均采用酸化反应和/或多种化工溶剂反复 数次洗脱等多种工艺才能最终得到。其工艺复杂,成本高昂,且存在安全隐患。
目前已知的紫草萃取物其有效化学成份主要分为两大类:一类是脂溶性很强的萘醌类色 素主要包括紫草素及其衍生物,例如乙酰紫草素、β-羟基异戊酰紫草素、二甲基丙烯酰紫草 素等;另一类是水溶性成分如多糖和酚酸类。药理学研究表明新疆紫草具有杀菌抗炎、护肝、 抗HIV、抗生育、抗肿瘤、延缓衰老以及免疫调节等作用。
如公开号为CN 105566300 A的专利申请中公开了从紫草的干燥根中提取出了一种结构 新颖的生物碱类化合物,并将其用作治疗黑色素瘤。公开号为CN 102526016 A的专利申请中 公开了乙酰紫草素及其在制备治疗I型糖尿病种的应用。然而,上述生物碱类化合物及乙酰 紫草素都是脂溶性物质。
糖尿病是一种慢性、渐进性的非传染性疾病,发病原因是胰腺不能分泌足够的胰岛素来 分解血糖或身体不能有效使用胰岛素,导致血糖水平不断升高,从而危及体内很多系统,对 心血管和神经系统损害尤其大。糖尿病可分为Ⅰ型(胰岛素依赖型)、Ⅱ型(成年发病型)和 妊娠期糖尿病。世界卫生组织近日发布报告称,全球糖尿病患者人数已超过4亿人,约占全 球人口8.5%;而1980年这一数字仅为1.08亿,约占全球人口4.7%。报告称,Ⅱ型糖尿病 占全球糖尿病患者的绝大多数,主要诱因是超重和身体活动不足。糖尿病的蔓延对人类健康 和社会经济将产生重大影响,尤其是在发展中国家。
糖尿病会引发严重的并发症,如糖尿病肾病、糖尿病眼部并发症、糖尿病足、糖尿病心 血管并发症、糖尿病性脑血管病和糖尿病神经病变等;其中糖尿病眼部并发症包括糖尿病性 视网膜病变、与糖尿病相关的葡萄膜炎和糖尿病性白内障等。
糖尿病是以长期血糖水平升高为基本病理改变的代谢紊乱性疾病,且伴有多脏器损害。 糖尿病血管并发症是糖尿病致死致残的主要原因,包括微血管病变(糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视 网膜病变和糖尿病神经病变等)和大血管病变(高血压、缺血性心脏病、脑血管病、外周血 管病变等)。糖尿病血管并发症发病机制复杂,多元醇通路及其活性增强、非酶糖基化终产物 (AGEs)及其受体活性增加、蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性增强及氨基己糖通路活化被认为是引 起糖尿病血管并发症的主要分子机制。而经典的多元醇途径、AGEs途径、PKC途径和己糖 胺途径均是高血糖导致线粒体呼吸链中氧自由基生成过多的结果。
虽然现在的医疗手段可以针对各种并发症采取不同措施防治,但只有保持血糖正常,才 能彻底预防并发症的发生。目前治疗糖尿病的药物有磺脲类、双胍类(如二甲双胍)、糖苷酶 抑制剂(如阿卡波糖)、噻唑烷二酮(如吡格列酮、罗格列酮)、甲基甲胺苯甲酸衍生物。糖 尿病患者多要长期服用药物控制,药物会伤肝伤肾,并会产生依赖性。然而,并没有一种药 物能够高效无毒地对糖尿病发挥治疗效果。
因此,目前急需一种有效治疗糖尿病的药物以解患者的燃眉之急。
发明内容
本发明首次通过水提的方式从紫草中提取得到紫草萃取物,包括紫草多糖和紫草生物碱。 本发明的紫草萃取物具有良好的水溶性;并且发明人还首次发现,该紫草萃取物具有显著的 降糖作用。作为降糖药物使用效果显著,且无副作用。并且制备本发明紫草萃取物的方法步 骤简单、收率高,可在工业上推广应用。
具体而言,本发明首先涉及一种紫草萃取物,其包含紫草多糖及紫草生物碱;且其在水中 的溶解度大于25g。
所述的紫草萃取物具有基本如图1所示的紫外吸收光谱图和/或图2所示的HPLC谱图和/ 或图3所示的质谱图。
本发明还涉及制备上述紫草萃取物的方法,其特征在于:紫草全草干燥后粉碎,在质量比 1:(5-15),温度为40-70℃的水中搅拌提取,过滤,冷冻干燥,得紫草萃取物。
其中;紫草粉末与水的质量比优选为1:(8-10)。
提取温度优选为55-65℃。
所述过滤优选是分别使用过滤孔隙小于0.45μm和0.22μm的两级过滤。
所述紫草粉末是将紫草全草在55~65℃烘干后超微粉碎成的80~120目的紫草粉末。
因此,本发明具体涉及一种制备上述紫草萃取物的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、将紫草在55~65℃烘干后超微粉碎成80~120目的紫草粉末;
(2)、将步骤(1)得到的紫草粉末加入蒸馏水投料料液比8:1,回流提取2h,提取温度55~65℃,提取2h/次,共三次。
(3)、提取结束后用0.45μm反渗透滤芯进行初滤,再用0.22μm过滤器精滤,收集滤液;
(4)、将步骤(3)得到的滤液冷冻干燥,得到呈棕色粉末状的本发明的紫草萃取物,其 收率在8-12%之间。
发明人经多年的研究攻克首次发现生物碱有一共性:不怕高温。
从而,本发明还进一步涉及一种紫草生物碱的提取方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将上述方法制备的紫草萃取物在500℃~700℃高温煅烧;
将得到的产物与水混合,搅拌溶解,去除不溶物,精滤后取滤液,干燥得到紫草生物碱。
具体而言,该方法采用物理方法,无需添加任何化工溶剂,紫草萃取物采用500℃~700℃ 高温煅烧2~3h后,质量失重65~70%,仅余下30~35%直观状态灰白色粉末。该粉末与去 粒子水或者蒸馏水1比3稀释充分溶解动态搅拌,其搅拌转速为每分钟20转充分溶解浸出, 溶解液呈黑色,0.45μm初滤、再经分子膜阻菌过滤虑孔为0.22μm过滤收集滤液而滤液呈现 全无色透明液体,经真空减压浓缩直接上机冷冻干成粉的突破性非传统工艺,每㎏紫草萃取 物中可分离出60~65g高纯度结晶状的生物碱,其中生物碱为白色透明晶体状物质,纯度可 达99.8~99.9%。
基于发明人的多年研究,首次发现了上述水溶性的紫草萃取物具有显著的降糖功效。从 而,本发明还涉及一种治疗糖尿病的药物,其特征在于:药物的活性成分为上述的紫草提取 物。
该药物可以是药学上可接受的任意剂型。
所述剂型中还可以包括药学上可接受的辅料。包括:填充剂,例如乳糖、糖粉、糊精、 淀粉及其衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、无机钙盐、山梨醇或甘氨酸。优选纤维素为乙基纤维 素或羟丙基甲基纤维素;优选无机钙盐为硫酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙或沉降碳酸钙。润滑剂, 例如微粉硅胶、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、硼酸、氢化植物油或聚乙二醇;崩解剂,例如 淀粉及其衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或微晶纤维素,优选的淀粉衍生物 为羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉或玉米淀粉;湿润剂, 例如十二烷基硫酸钠、水或醇等。
所述剂型优选为口服制剂;例如片剂、颗粒剂、粉剂、胶囊、口服液。
所述口服制剂为优选为肠溶口服制剂,如肠溶片剂、肠溶胶囊剂等;最优选为缓释肠溶口 服制剂。
所述颗粒剂优选为冲剂。
本发明的另一方面涉及紫草萃取物在制备治疗糖尿病的药物中的应用。
综上,本发明的发明人首次发现紫草萃取物,其主要包含紫草多糖及紫草生物碱。该萃 取物可以通过作用于DNA染色体补碱(DNA碱基修复),最终实现降低血糖浓度的效果
根据本发明的具体应用包括:
根据本发明的植物基源:紫草科植物紫草、新藏紫草或滇紫草的全草。
功能与主治:主要用于治疗糖尿病。
性味归经:性温,味酸涩,入肝、胃、大小肠经。
溶解度:具有极佳的水溶性,溶解度超过25g。
药理作用:通过直接途径胃肠道崩解小肠吸收,崩解时限为45~50分钟。起效快持续时 间长,疗效确切。
副作用:无毒副作用。不产生药物依赖性。
禁忌:孕妇及哺乳期间禁服。
本发明的优选技术方案中,所述的口服制剂选自片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、 滴丸、肠溶口服制剂。
本发明的优选技术方案中,所述的肠溶口服制剂选自肠溶片剂、肠溶胶囊剂、肠溶丸剂、 肠溶散剂。
用法用量:冻干粉或者喷雾干燥,标准:冲剂或片剂,成人日服三次,每次5-10g,片剂500mg/粒,30天一疗程,温开水空腹服药。并且所述制剂中紫草萃取物有效成分的含量在60-70%之间。
本发明的有益效果是:
发明人经多年的攻克首次发现,1000克紫草水萃取物(干重)中含有60~65g紫草生物 碱,至今尚无相关文献报道,确证紫草萃取物(紫草生物碱和紫草多糖的混合物)可有效降 低血糖浓度,因此该紫草萃取物有望成为极具吸引力的治疗糖尿病的新型药物。可能的作用 机制是通过作用于DNA染色体补碱(DNA碱基修复)。已知不同植科的生物碱有着不同生理功 效,DNA损伤细胞可以有不同的修复反应。在哺乳动物细胞中发现了四个较为完善的DNA 修复通路,分别是核苷酸切除修复、碱基切除修复、重组修复和错配修复。但DNA碱基的流 失会导致细胞变异并产生炎症及肿瘤,糖尿病发病受多因素影响,但其中胰岛细胞炎症DNA 碱基修复中的染色体补碱就显的十分重要,发明人发现紫草生物碱可以修复胰岛细胞炎症 DNA碱基。对治疗糖尿病疗效确切,由其在降低空腹血糖方面效果突出,并且不产生耐药性。 紫草萃取物安全而无毒,有望成为一种新的治疗糖尿病的植物新药。
该紫草萃取物是目前治疗糖尿病最快最迅速的一种植物药,它的问世必将给治疗糖尿病 带来一次突破。给数以亿计的糖尿病患者带来福音。
本发明的紫草萃取物,有较强的促进肝癌细胞HepG2摄取葡萄糖,并具有抑制醛糖还原 酶的作用,提示其具有降低空腹血糖以及防治糖尿病神经病变极具显著潜力。
本发明的紫草生物碱提取方法,无需使用有机溶剂,操作安全简便,提取效率高,得到的紫 草生物碱纯度高达99.99%以上。
附图说明
图1是紫草萃取物水溶液在200nm~600nm波长下的吸光度曲线;
图2是紫草萃取物的液相色谱图;
图3是紫草萃取物的另一液相色谱图及其主峰的质谱图;
图4所示为本发明的紫草生物碱的状态图;
图5所示为本发明的紫草生物碱的HPLC色谱图。
具体实施方式
紫草萃取物的制备
将紫草在55~65℃烘干至含水率0.5%以下,将其超微粉碎成80~120目的紫草粉末。然 后将紫草粉末称重(500Kg)投入常温萃取罐;加入8倍量的蒸馏水;回流提取2h,提取温度 50℃,提取液1次排药渣,回流提取2h,提取液2次排药渣,回流提取2h,3次排药渣渣,合并提取液,静置48小时,然后将得到的混合液通过隔膜泵泵入板框压滤机(由于该液体属固液混合物,因此选择不易堵塞的隔膜泵),为使每批500Kg原料萃取后的药渣能一次通过板 框过滤,因此考虑选择大容渣量的板框压滤机,其中使用0.45μm反渗透滤芯。通过压滤机 的液体为保证理想的澄明度及无杂质,选择再经过孔隙小于0.22μm的精密过滤器进行再过 滤。为避免在浓缩过程中物料因受热而导致的成分分解或物料色度增加,因此选择常温浓缩 的节能设备:膜浓缩;虽膜浓缩可在常温下对滤液进行快速的浓缩,但不能达到较大的固相 浓度(一般可浓缩至固相含量为10%),所以再通过低温蒸发浓缩对液体进行再浓缩以提高固 体物浓度,随后进入冷冻干燥工序,得棕色的紫草萃取物40-60Kg。
取上述的紫草萃取物进行检测,检测结果如图1~3所示。其中,图1是紫草萃取物水溶 液(浓度300mg/mL)在200nm~600nm波长下的吸光度曲线,显示其在281.5nm处具有一个峰值,其吸光度达1.774;图2是紫草萃取物的液相色谱图;图3是紫草萃取物的另一液相色谱图及其主峰的质谱图。
经检测,每1000g紫草萃取物(干重)中含有60~65g紫草生物碱,余量为紫草多糖及 极少量(少于0.5%)的杂质。
紫草生物碱的提取:
1)取紫草萃取物,500℃~700℃高温煅烧2~3h,得到投料重量30~35%左右的灰白色 粉末;
2)将灰白色粉末与质量比3~4倍的蒸馏水混合,搅拌溶解,去除不溶物,得滤液;
3)使用0.45μm的滤膜初滤,之后使用0.22μm的滤膜再次过滤,得到精滤液;
4)将精滤液冷冻干燥得到紫草生物碱。
紫草生物碱为纯白色半透明晶态物质,其形状如图4所示。经检测,其HPLC色谱图如 图5所示。根据面积归一化法,其主峰含量为99.99%,是一种超纯的提取物。
葡萄糖摄取实验
实验委托湖南省实验动物中心(湖南省药物安全评价研究中心)进行。
1.实验材料
1.1受试品:紫草萃取物。样品工作液配制:根据预实验结果,确定样品溶液样品终浓 度分别为:0.3、0.1、0.03、0.01g/L,配制2g/L母液,称取样品20mg,溶解10mL去离子水中配置成2g/L样品母液。在超净工作台中用微孔滤膜过滤除菌,分装,保存于-20℃冰箱,使用前解冻复温。使用时用含1%血清培养基依次稀释为相应工作液,即取2.8mL含1%血清DMEM培养基,加2g/L样品母液0.5mL,混合均匀即为0.3g/L工作液;取0.3g/L工作液1mL, 加含1%血清DMEM培养基2mL,混合均匀即为0.1g/L工作液;取0.1g/L工作液1mL,加含 1%血清DMEM培养基2mL,混合均匀即为0.03g/L工作液;取0.03g/L工作液1mL,加含1%血 清DMEM培养基2mL,混合均匀即为0.01g/L工作液;各工作液在使用时配制,多余者弃掉。
1.2盐酸罗格列酮:湖南省药监局的标准品,分子量:394。盐酸罗格列酮工作液配制: 根据文献及我们预实验确定的阳性药物罗格列酮的浓度为30μmol/L。称取盐酸罗格列酮粉剂 10.72mg,溶解于1mL DMSO中,即为30mmol/L母液,在超净工作台中用微孔滤膜过滤除菌, 使用时用含1%血清DMEM培养基稀释1000倍。
1.3试验细胞:HepG2细胞购自江阴雨汐生物科技有限公司,常规培养,培养基为500mL 瓶装高糖DMEM培养基,Hyclone产品;胎牛血清为Gibico产品;培养瓶及96孔培养板为 corning公司产品。
1.4其他试剂:2-NBDG为APExBIO产品,货号B6035;胰酶Trypsin和MTT为Amresco产品;葡萄糖氧化酶法测试盒为中生北控生物科技公司产品;其它试剂为国产分析纯。磷酸缓冲液PBS(PH=7.4):磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)0.24g,磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)1.44g,氯化钠(NaCl)8.0g,氯化钾(KCl)0.2g,加水至1000mL,测PH值为7.4。2-NBDG溶液(100μmol/L):2- NBDG分子量为342,避光溶解于DMSO避光保存于-20℃冰箱,使用前解冻复温。特别要注意 低温避光,用锡箔纸包好。
2.实验方法
将HepG2细胞接种于96孔板,铺板后待细胞长至70%融合,将原培养液移出,换上含 1%血清的DMEM培养液继续孵育。12h后再将培养液移出,换上含1%血清DMEM的含不同浓度 样品(或不含样品的为对照)溶液,37℃培养24h后再将培养液移出,每孔加100μmol/L2- NBDG 50μL孵育30分钟,用PBS洗3次以去除多余的2-NBDG。用荧光酶标仪以激发波长485nm, 发射波长535nm检测荧光强度以反映葡萄糖摄取量。结束后,原培养板中每孔加入10μL的 MTT(5mg/L),放入培养箱37℃,5%CO2条件下继续孵育4h。孵育结束后,取出培养板小心 吸去孔内培养上清液,每孔加入150μL二甲亚砜(DMSO)充分溶解,以酶标仪检测其OD490nm。 以GC/OD490nm值,即为相对葡萄糖摄取量,即单位细胞数下的葡萄糖摄取量。
3.统计学分析
结果均采用统计学软件SPSS16.0进行分析,用单因素方差分析多重比较的dunnett法进 行检验,以P<0.05作为具有统计学差异。
4.实验结果
由表1和2所示,0.03、0.1、0.3g/L的样品以及30μmol/L的罗格列酮均可促进HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的摄取作用,与溶媒对照组比较,具有统计学差异。
表1样品对Hep G2细胞相对葡萄糖摄取量实验结果
注:Ai为加入不同浓度样品作用24小时后535nm处荧光吸光值以反映葡萄糖摄取量;Ab为 加入MTT作用4小时后490nm处吸光值;Vb为不同浓度样品作用24小时后葡萄糖相对摄 取量;反映相应浓度样品作用24小时后葡萄糖相对摄取量平均值;*表示与溶媒对照组(浓 度为0)比较,P<0.05
表2样品对HepG2细胞相对葡萄糖摄取量实验结果
注:与溶媒对照组(浓度为0)比较,P<0.05。
(罗格列酮30μmol/L,即0.01g/L)
醛糖还原酶实验
实验委托湖南省实验动物中心(湖南省药物安全评价研究中心)进行。
1.药品与材料
1.1受试药物:样品工作液配制:以上实验配制的5g/L样品母液,用去离子水依次稀释 为相应工作液。取2mL样品母液(5g/L),加8mL去离子水,混合均匀,即为1g/L样品工作液, 同样方法分别稀释至0.3g/L、0.1g/L、0.03g/L和0.01g/L样品工作液。根据类似方法配置紫 草生物碱的工作液。
1.2其他试剂:DL-甘油醛为MACKLIN产品,还原型辅酶II(NADPH Na4)为Roch产品,β-巯基乙醇,硫酸铵等为国产分析纯。酶标板为Corning公司产品,透析袋为美国viskase产品。磷酸缓冲液PBS(pH=7.4):磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)0.24g,磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)1.44g,氯化钠(NaCl)8.0g,氯化钾(KCl)0.2g,加水至1000mL。测PH值为7.4;磷酸缓冲液PBS (pH=6.2):磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)3.093g,磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)0.518g,加水至1000mL。 测PH值为6.2;DL-甘油醛:麦克林产品,货号:D810542-250mg,产品批号:C10089090分 子量:90.08;DL-甘油醛终浓度为2mmol/L,配制20mmol/L工作液。称取18mg,溶解于10mL DMSO中;硫酸锂工作液配制:Li2SO4·H2O,分子量:127.96。Li2SO4终浓度为400mmol/L, 配制2000mmol/L工作液。称取6.3975g,溶解于25mL去离子水中;还原型辅酶Ⅱ配制:一个 包装NADPH Na4为25mg,由于其吸湿性特别强,且非常不稳定,故以25mg溶解于12.5mL去 离子水中。分装,于-70℃冷冻保存;β-巯基乙醇:分子量78.13。终浓度为5mmol/L,配制 50mmol/L工作液。称取39.1mg,溶解于10mL去离子水中。
2.试验方法
2.1醛糖还原酶(AR)的提取取黄牛晶状体2个,约50g左右,剪碎,用5mmol/L, pH=7.4的PBS溶解,电动匀浆;以15000rpm/min离心15min;取上清,加入40%硫酸铵溶液, 间歇搅拌30min;再15000rpm/min离心15min;取上清,加入75%硫酸铵溶液,间歇搅拌 30min再10000rpm/min离心15min。用PBS溶解沉淀,用10倍体积的50mmol/L,pH=7.4的 PBS透析液透析,每4h换1次透析液,透析3次。以上操作均需在4℃下进行。透析后的9 号样品-70℃冻存。
2.2 AR活性的测定及酶促反应体系
反应总体积为200μl,各反应液的终浓度分别为:底物DL-甘油醛2mmol/L,辅酶ⅡNADPH 0.2mmol/L,Li2SO4为400mmol/L,β-巯基乙醇为5mmol/L,缓冲液PBS的pH=6.2,120mmol/L, 加入40μl醛糖还原酶提取物。反应温度为37℃,反应时间为3min,于340nm测定吸光度值 (OD)。酶活性单位定义:37℃时使反应体系吸光度值变化0.001单位为一个酶活性单位。公 式为:酶活性单位=ΔAOD×1000;AR抑制率(%)=[1-(ΔAbs样品-ΔAbs空白)/(ΔAbs 测试-ΔAbs空白)]×100%
表3醛糖还原酶反应体系
3.实验结果
如表4所示,紫草萃取物具有较强的体外抑制醛糖还原酶作用,其半数抑制浓度IC50 为0.006±0.001g/L,且作用呈剂量依赖关系。紫草生物碱IC50为22.5±0.85μg/L。
表4样品对醛糖还原酶抑制作用
结论
体外试验表明本发明的紫草萃取物有较强的促进肝癌细胞HepG2摄取葡萄糖,并且紫草 萃取物和紫草生物碱均具有抑制醛糖还原酶的作用,尤其紫草生物碱具有显著的抑制性。提 示其在降低血糖以及防治糖尿病神经病变方面均极具潜力。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员 来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视 为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种紫草萃取物,其特征在于,包含紫草多糖及紫草生物碱;且其在水中的溶解度大于25g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紫草萃取物,其特征在于,所述的紫草萃取物具有基本如图1所示的紫外吸收光谱图和/或图2所示的HPLC谱图和/或图3所示的质谱图。
3.制备权利要求1或2所述紫草萃取物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:取紫草全草干燥后粉碎,在质量比1:(5-15),温度为40-70℃的水中搅拌提取,过滤,冷冻干燥,得紫草萃取物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备紫草萃取物的方法,其特征在于,紫草粉末与水的质量比为1:(8-10),提取温度为55-65℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备紫草萃取物的方法,其特征在于,所述过滤是分别使用过滤孔隙小于0.45μm和0.22μm的两级过滤。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备紫草萃取物的方法,其特征在于,所述紫草粉末是将紫草全草在55~65℃烘干后超微粉碎成的80~120目的紫草粉末。
7.一种紫草生物碱的提取方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的方法制备紫草萃取物;以及
2)将紫草萃取物在500℃~700℃高温煅烧;
3)将得到的产物与水混合,搅拌溶解,去除不溶物,精滤后取滤液,干燥得到紫草生物碱。
8.一种降低血糖的药物,其特征在于:药物的活性成分为权利要求1或2所述的紫草提取物,且其为药学上可接受的任意剂型。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种治疗糖尿病的药物,其特征在于,其为口服制剂;优选片剂、颗粒剂、粉剂、胶囊剂、口服液、丸剂、散剂、滴丸。
10.权利要求1或2所述的紫草萃取物在制备降低血糖的药物中的应用。
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