CN107709005B - 印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物 - Google Patents
印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107709005B CN107709005B CN201680031698.0A CN201680031698A CN107709005B CN 107709005 B CN107709005 B CN 107709005B CN 201680031698 A CN201680031698 A CN 201680031698A CN 107709005 B CN107709005 B CN 107709005B
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- polymer
- wall covering
- decorative floor
- printed decorative
- covering according
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Abstract
本发明涉及印刷的地板或墙壁覆盖物,这些印刷的地板或墙壁覆盖物包括一个或多个聚合物层以及通过直接在所述一个或多个聚合物层的至少一个表面上印刷油墨组合物而获得的印刷物,所述一个或多个聚合物层包括与一种或多种选自下组的聚合物的共混物中的聚氯乙烯均聚物和/或共聚物,该组由以下各项组成:一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物,这些共聚物包括一种或多种烯烃和一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯,这些共聚物包括一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯;以及所述均聚物和/或共聚物的混合物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及包括印刷的热塑性材料的装饰性地板和墙壁覆盖物。本发明进一步涉及一种用于生产所述表面覆盖物的方法。
现有技术
近年来,印刷的建筑面板取得了越来越大的成就。这些类型的装饰性地板和墙壁面板通常包括热塑性基材和保护层。该热塑性材料通常为聚氯乙烯。该基材印刷有类似天然石材、木材、陶瓷等的图案。该图案通常通过轮转凹版印刷或直接印刷来印刷。
最近,数字印刷为地板行业定制用于地板和墙壁应用的装饰性图案并印刷少量的基材提供了新的可能性。数字印刷常规地是指通过非接触印刷进行印刷,例如使用按需喷墨(DOD)技术。将油墨滴以高精度置于表面上。DOD技术的实例是压电DOD喷墨和热DOD喷墨。在压电DOD喷墨印刷机中,当施加电压时,压电材料改变形状。压电材料的形状的变化在流体中产生压力脉冲,从而从喷嘴喷出油墨滴。在热DOD喷墨印刷机中,通过经由加热油墨形成油墨蒸汽气泡来喷出油墨滴。
数字印刷机使用以下两种方法之一进行印刷:单程和多程。在第一种情况下,将要印刷的表面以单程进料到四个印刷头上,这四个印刷头表示四种原色(青色、品红色、黄色和黑色),这导致更快的印刷。在多程中,相同的表面行进更长的路径,因为它经过四个连续的程(每种颜色一个)。多程降低了印刷机的成本,因为对于所有原色只有一个鼓,而在单程的情况下,每种原色必须有一个鼓,但当然印刷时间是至少四倍长。
可以使用不同种类的油墨,例如UV可固化油墨、基于溶剂的油墨和水性油墨(也称为水基或基于水的油墨)。当在诸如适配为形成装饰性表面覆盖物的基材的热塑性基材上印刷时,与水性油墨相比,通过使用UV可固化的油墨或基于溶剂的油墨来促进印刷。
基于有机溶剂的油墨直接粘附到塑料膜上,并在该塑料膜表面上迅速干燥。
还有基于相对高沸点无水溶剂的已知有机油墨。这些溶剂是非爆炸性的,但它们仅缓慢地干燥。这些有机油墨的缺点在于:当施用油墨点时,因为干燥慢,这些油墨点容易移动,并且这不利于锐利轮廓和彼此相邻的不同颜色的干净印刷。
US 6,800,340披露了在喷墨过程中使用塑料膜用有机油墨印刷的方法,该方法包括用有机油墨直接在塑料膜上喷墨印刷,其中该塑料选自聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯或这些的混合物,并且该塑料膜还包括从5%至50%的纤维素酯,其中这些酯含有乙酰基、丙酰基或丁酰基。
在热塑性基材上用水性油墨印刷已被证明是困难的。水性油墨滴不会留在原地,而是趋向于在热塑性表面上渗出,导致低品质的印刷物。然而,由于环境原因,有利的是替代基于溶剂的油墨。
为了在热塑性材料上提供由水性颜料油墨的数字印刷获得的改进的印刷物,US2014/0144583披露了含有盐、优选至少一种金属盐的水溶液用作数字印刷步骤之前的底漆。
该金属盐可以是一价金属盐,例如包含一价离子如Na+。该金属盐可以是多价金属盐。优选地,该多价金属盐包括二价离子如Ca2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、或Ba2+,或三价离子如Al3+或Fe3+。该金属盐可以是例如氯化钠或氯化钙。该盐还可以是非金属盐例如氯化铵。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供印刷的装饰性地板和墙壁覆盖物,这些覆盖物包括从直接在热塑性表面上印刷(包含数字印刷)油墨组合物获得的高品质图像。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于生产所述印刷的装饰性地板和墙壁覆盖物的方法。
发明内容
本发明披露了一种印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物,该装饰性表面覆盖物包括一个或多个聚合物层,所述一个或多个聚合物层包括呈相对比例的以下项的共混物:
-100重量份的第一聚合物,该第一聚合物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯和其他烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物、及其混合物;
-从5重量份至100重量份、优选从15重量份至80重量份、更优选从20重量份至70重量份的第二聚合物,该第二聚合物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:
i.一种或多种包括一种或多种由通式RCOOCH=CH2定义的链烷酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物,其中R是含有从1至20个碳原子的烷基;
ii.包括以下项的共聚物:一种或多种由通式RCOOCH=CH2定义的链烷酸乙烯酯,其中R是含有从1至20个碳原子的烷基;以及一种或多种由通式R1R2C=CR3R4定义的烯烃,其中R1、R2、R3和R4独立地是氢或含有从1至4个碳原子的烷基;
iii.一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物,在该烷基中具有1至8个碳原子;以及
iv.i.)和ii.);i.)和iii.);ii.)和iii.);以及i.)、ii.)和iii.)的混合物。
本发明的优选实施例披露了以下特征中的一项或多项:
-该第一聚合物特征在于,根据DIN 53726(0.5g/100ml环己酮,在25℃下),包括在70与50之间、优选地在65与52之间、更优选地在60与55之间的K值;
-该第二聚合物特征在于通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)根据ASTM D3418以每分钟20℃的加热梯度测得的80℃或更低、优选地包括在-20℃与80℃之间、更优选地包括在0℃与80℃之间、最优选地包括在5℃与75℃之间的玻璃化转变温度;
-该链烷酸乙烯酯均聚物或共聚物i.)包括按重量计60%或更多、优选70%或更多、更优选80%或更多、最优选90%或更多的乙酸乙烯酯;
-该烯烃/链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物ii.)包括按重量计60%或更多、优选70%或更多、更优选80%或更多、最优选85%或更多的链烷酸乙烯酯;
-该(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物iii.)是嵌段共聚物,该嵌段共聚物包括甲基丙烯酸酯单元的一个或多个嵌段和丙烯酸酯单元的一个或多个嵌段。
-该(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物iii.)是三嵌段共聚物,该三嵌段共聚物包括一个丙烯酸正丁酯嵌段和两个甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段;
-该一个或多个聚合物层每100份第一聚合物包括最高达70重量份、优选从5重量份至70重量份、更优选从10重量份至60重量份、最优选从15重量份至50重量份,或甚至从20重量份至40重量份的一种或多种增塑剂,该一种或多种增塑剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:环己烷二羧酸的二烷基酯;脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯;芳族单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯;柠檬酸低级烷基酯;环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油;低级烷基磷酸酯、烷基磺酸酯、及其混合物;
-该一个或多个聚合物层在该一个或多个层的至少一侧上包括装饰性印刷物,所述装饰性印刷物包括一种或多种聚合物和/或低聚物以及一种或多种染料和/或颜料,该一种或多种聚合物和/或低聚物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚烯烃、聚(甲基)丙烯酸类、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯、乳胶、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、醇酸树脂及其混合物。
本发明进一步披露了一种用于制备该印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
-步骤1:提供一个或多个聚合物层,所述一个或多个聚合物层包括该第一聚合物和该第二聚合物;
-步骤2:用油墨组合物在该至少一个聚合物层的至少一个表面上施用印刷物;
-步骤3:干燥和/或固化该油墨组合物以形成该印刷的基材。
该用于制备所述印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物的方法的优选实施例披露了以下特征中的一项或多项:
-该油墨组合物是水性油墨组合物;
-该油墨组合物是可辐射固化的油墨组合物;
-步骤1的至少两层通过压延接触,形成叠层(layer stack),该叠层在步骤2和3中进一步转换为印刷的叠层;
-步骤3的至少两层(在所述层的至少一个的至少一个表面上具有印刷物)通过压延接触,形成印刷的叠层;
-在附加步骤中,使该印刷的叠层的顶表面与保护层接触,所述保护层包括该第一聚合物;
-通过压延使该保护层与该印刷的叠层接触;
-使该保护层的顶表面与包括交联材料的顶涂层接触;
-该顶涂层是由施用和固化可辐射固化的涂料组合物获得的,所述可辐射固化的组合物包含含有烯键式不饱和的丙烯酸、酯、醚或氨基甲酸乙酯的聚合物、低聚物或单体。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了装饰性地板和墙壁覆盖物,这些覆盖物包括从直接在至少一个聚合物层的至少一个表面上印刷油墨组合物获得的高品质印刷物,所述至少一个聚合物层优选为构成所述最终表面覆盖物的至少两个聚合物层的一部分,所述聚合物层包括聚氯乙烯和/或一种或多种聚氯乙烯共聚物。
已经令人惊奇地发现,通过一种或多种特定聚合物部分取代聚氯乙烯和/或一种或多种聚氯乙烯共聚物,同时减少一种或多种增塑剂的量,导致具有改性的表面特性的聚合物层,其可从常规加工条件获得并且使能够获得所述高品质的印刷物。对于高品质印刷物,本发明是指具有完美描绘、锐度、色强度和对聚合物层的粘附性的印刷物。
本发明提供了印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物,这些覆盖物包括一个或多个聚合物层,所述一个或多个聚合物层包括在与第二聚合物的共混物中的第一聚合物,该第一聚合物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯共聚物及其混合物,该第二聚合物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:
i.一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物,
ii.包含一种或多种烯烃和一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯的共聚物,
iii.包括一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物以及
iv.其混合物。
聚氯乙烯共聚物是氯乙烯和其他烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物,这些单体包含例如链烷酸乙烯酯如乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯以及类似物;乙烯基卤化物如偏二溴乙烯、偏二氯乙烯以及类似物;不饱和烃如乙烯、丙烯、异丁烯以及类似物;烯丙基化合物,如乙酸烯丙酯、烯丙基氯以及类似物。
聚氯乙烯共聚物包括按重量计至少70%、优选按重量计至少75%、更优选按重量计至少80%、最优选按重量计至少85%的氯乙烯。
用于根据本发明的聚合物层中的第一聚合物的特征在于根据DIN53726(0.5g/100ml环己酮,在25℃下),包括在70与50之间、优选在65与52之间、更优选在60与55之间的Fikentscher K值。
衍生自溶液粘度的该K值使特性粘度和平均聚合度相关联。典型地,该K值越高,机械特性越好,但是可流动性越低。
虽然对于常规的基于PVC的地板和墙壁覆盖物,优选包括在65至90之间的K值,但是已经发现对于根据本发明的聚合物共混物改进了加工、特别是压延,其中使用具有小于70、优选小于65的K值的第一聚合物。
用于根据本发明的至少两个聚合物层中的第一聚合物优选地特征在于包括在60000g/摩尔与25000g/摩尔之间、更优选在50000g/摩尔与30000g/摩尔之间、最优选在45000g/摩尔与35000g/摩尔之间的数均分子量。
包括一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物i.)是包括一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯单体的聚合物,这些单体由通式RCOOCH=CH2所定义,其中R是含有从1至20个碳原子的烷基,并且优选选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:甲酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、辛酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯。
优选地,链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物包括按重量计至少60%、更优选按重量计至少70%、最优选按重量计至少80%、或甚至按重量计至少90%的乙酸乙烯酯。优选地,链烷酸乙烯酯聚合物是聚乙酸乙烯酯。
包括一种或多种烯烃和一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯的共聚物ii.)是共聚物,其中该一种或多种烯烃由通式R1R2C=CR3R4定义,其中R1、R2、R3和R4独立地为氢或含有从1至4个碳原子的烷基,并且优选选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯、2,3-二甲基-1-戊烯;并且其中该一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯单体如第0027段中所定义。
优选地,烯烃/链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物ii.)包括按重量计至少60%、更优选按重量计至少70%、最优选按重量计至少80%、或甚至按重量计至少85%的一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯,以及40%或更少、优选30%或更少、更优选20%或更少、最优选15%或更少一种或多种的1-烯烃。
优选地,烯烃/链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物是乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,该乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物包括按重量计至少60%、优选按重量计至少70%、更优选按重量计至少80%、最优选按重量计至少85%的乙酸乙烯酯。
(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物iii.)包括在烷基中具有1至8个碳原子的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯;所述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正己酯和(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物可以是无规共聚物。
优选地,本发明中使用的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物iii.)是嵌段共聚物,包括按重量计从10%至90%、优选按重量计从20%至80%的一种或多种包括甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体的嵌段,和按重量计从90%至10%、优选按重量计从80%至20%的一种或多种包括丙烯酸烷基酯单体的嵌段。
优选地,包括甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的嵌段的玻璃化转变温度(通过差示扫描量热法根据ASTM D3418以每分钟20℃的加热梯度测量)包括在70℃与110℃之间、更优选在80℃与110℃之间、并且最优选在90℃与110℃之间。包括丙烯酸烷基酯的嵌段的玻璃化转变温度包括在-70℃与-20℃之间、优选在-60℃与-30℃之间、并且更优选在-50℃与-40℃之间。
优选地,(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物是二嵌段共聚物,该二嵌段共聚物包括含有丙烯酸烷基酯单体的嵌段和含有甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体的嵌段,例如像包括含有丙烯酸正丁酯单体的嵌段和含有甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体的嵌段的二嵌段共聚物。
该(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物更优选地是三嵌段共聚物,该三嵌段共聚物包括一个含有丙烯酸烷基酯单体的嵌段和两个含有甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体的嵌段,例如像包括一个含有丙烯酸正丁酯单体的嵌段和两个含有甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体的嵌段的三嵌段共聚物。
根据本发明的印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物的该一个或多个聚合物层每100重量份的第一聚合物包括在5重量份与100重量份之间、优选在15重量份至80重量份之间、更优选从20重量份至70重量份、最优选在26重量份与60重量份之间、或甚至在31重量份与55重量份之间的第二聚合物。
根据本发明的印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物的该一个或多个聚合物层还可以每100重量份的第一聚合物包括最高达5重量份的不同于该第二聚合物的一种或多种(共)聚合物(例如像尤其聚乙烯醇缩醛、聚氨酯、聚烯烃)。
现在已经发现,当第二聚合物特征在于通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)根据ASTMD3418以每分钟20℃的加热梯度测量的80℃或更低、优选包括在-20℃与80℃之间、更优选在0℃与80℃之间、最优选在5℃与75℃之间、或甚至10℃与70℃之间的玻璃化转变温度或平均玻璃化转变温度(当涉及嵌段共聚物时)时,包括上述共混物的聚合物层允许高品质的印刷物。
对于平均玻璃化转变温度,本发明是指对应于每种类型嵌段的玻璃化转变温度的两个转变的算术平均值。
通常,常规的PVC地板和墙壁覆盖物的聚合物层包括约等量的PVC(100份)和增塑剂(100份)。
诸位发明人进一步发现,印刷品质和加工条件的优化是由减少增塑剂的量,或甚至完全地省略该一种或多种增塑剂引起的,所述一种或多种增塑剂通常为液体、特征在于2000g/摩尔或更少、优选为1500g/摩尔或更少、更优选为1000g/摩尔或更少的分子量。
根据本发明的印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物的该一个或多个聚合物层每100重量份第一聚合物包括最高达70重量份、优选从5重量份至70重量份、更优选从10重量份至60重量份、最优选从15重量份至50重量份、和或甚至20重量份至40重量份的一种或多种增塑剂,该一种或多种增塑剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:环己烷二羧酸的二烷基酯;脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯;芳族单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯;柠檬酸低级烷基酯;环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油;低级烷基磷酸酯以及低级烷基磺酸酯。
环己烷二羧酸的二烷基酯优选选自由(甲基)1,2-环己烷二羧酸和1,4-环己烷二羧酸的C4-C18二烷基酯组成的组。
脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯优选选自由C4-C7二羧酸的C6-C18二烷基酯组成的组。
芳族二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯优选选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸的C1-C20二烷基;邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸的苄基C1-C20烷基酯;偏苯三酸的C6-C20三烷基酯和均苯四酸的C6-C20四烷基酯。
芳族单羧酸的烷基酯优选选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:苯甲酸的C6-C18烷基酯、以及二-C2-C3亚烷基二醇二苯甲酸酯和三-C2-C3亚烷基二醇二苯甲酸酯。
柠檬酸低级烷基酯优选选自(乙酰基)柠檬酸的C2-C8三烷基酯。
环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油优选选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:环氧化的大豆油、环氧化的亚麻籽油、环氧化的豆油和环氧化的妥尔油。
低级烷基磷酸酯优选选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:磷酸的C6-C12单烷基二苯基酯、磷酸的苯基C6-C12二烷基酯和磷酸的C6-C12三烷基酯。
烷基磺酸酯优选选自由C6-C18烷基磺酸的苯基酯和甲苯基酯组成的组。
在本发明的上下文中,环己酸二异壬酯、己二酸二异辛酯、己二酸二辛酯、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、对苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯、苯甲酸异壬基酯、二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯和环氧化的大豆油为优选的增塑剂。
诸位发明人因此已经发现,对于从熔融混合和压延组合物制备的一个或多个聚合物层,获得高印刷品质和优化的加工条件,该组合物包括以下项的共混物:
a)具有70或更少的Fikentscher K值的第一聚合物,
b)具有80℃或更低的玻璃化转变温度的第二聚合物,以及
c)每100份第一聚合物,70份或更少的增塑剂含量,所述一个或多个聚合物层的特征还在于根据ISO 527测量的包括在0.1GPa与2.0GPa之间、优选在0.2GPa与1.7GPa之间、更优选在0.3GPa与1.4GPa之间并且最优选在0.4GPa与1.1GPa之间的杨氏模量(Young’smodulus)。
具体地,高印刷品质与包括所述印刷物的一个或多个层的杨氏模量有关。
除了聚合物共混物之外,根据本发明的组合物可以包括另外的成分,例如稳定剂、填料和颜料或染料。
适用于本发明组合物的填料的实例可以是任何常规填料,尤其是传统上用于表面覆盖物的那些类型。
该填料可以是有机的、无机的或两者的组合。实例包括但不限于煤飞灰,碳酸盐如碳酸镁、碳酸钙和碳酸钙镁,硫酸钡,炭黑,金属氧化物,无机材料,天然材料,三水合氧化铝,氢氧化镁,铝土矿,滑石,云母,白云石,重晶石,高岭土,二氧化硅,消费后玻璃或后工业玻璃(post-industrial glass),合成和天然纤维,或其任何组合。
优选地,该填料包括滑石、云母、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、重晶石、高岭土、铝土矿、白云石、二氧化硅、玻璃、或其任何组合。
适用于本发明组合物的颜料和染料的实例是金属氧化物(如二氧化钛、氧化铁、氧化锌以及类似物)、金属氢氧化物、金属粉末、硫化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、铁蓝、有机红、有机紫红以及类似物。
稳定剂的实例是减少通过日光的降解的苯并三唑和苯甲酮化合物以及受阻胺光稳定剂,和提供在热加工期间的稳定性的稳定剂,其典型地是金属化合物,特别是铅盐,有机锡化合物,钡盐、镉盐和锌盐,钙/锌稳定剂,亚磷酸盐以及位阻酚。
用于本发明的油墨组合物是可干燥和/或可固化的、并且是含溶剂的、基于水的或无溶剂的油墨,这些油墨包括一种或多种聚合物和/或低聚物和一种或多种染料和/或颜料,该一种或多种聚合物和/或低聚物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚烯烃、聚(甲基)丙烯酸类、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯、乳胶、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、醇酸树脂及其混合物。对于可固化油墨组合物,本发明是指在热量的影响下或在光化辐射的影响下的交联。
印刷物可以是装饰性设计。该装饰性设计可以是自然的设计和图案,例如木纹图案或石头纹图案。该装饰性设计也可以是幻想设计或图案或照片。
印刷物可以从常规的印刷过程获得,例如像胶版印刷、柔版印刷、轮转凹版印刷或数字印刷过程(例如单程和多程印刷)。
在数字印刷过程的情况下,印刷机优选为喷墨印刷机。优选地,该印刷机是DOD(按需喷墨)压电喷墨印刷机。特别地,该印刷机是单程DOD(按需喷墨)压电喷墨印刷机。也可以使用热DOD喷墨印刷机。
例如像在US 2014/0144583中所披露的,对于基于水的油墨的单程数字印刷的具体情况,预先施用底漆是可取的。对于多程数字印刷的具体情况,使用可辐射固化的油墨是可取的。
该印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物优选地包括保护层,将该保护层安排在印刷的表面上并优选通过压延结合到该印刷的表面。所述保护层优选地包括本发明的聚合物共混物。
将优选由交联可辐射固化的涂料组合物获得的包括交联材料的顶涂层安排在保护层上,以便提高该保护层的耐磨性和耐化学性。
该顶涂层优选从固化可辐射固化的涂料组合物获得,所述可辐射固化的组合物包括烯键式不饱和的聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯或聚氨酯聚合物和/或低聚物和任选的烯键式不饱和的单体。该可辐射固化的组合物优选包括可辐射固化的水性聚氨酯分散体。
耐磨性颗粒例如氧化铝颗粒可以包含在交联的顶涂层中。该交联的顶涂层优选是透明的。
本发明的印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物可以包含增强层,该增强层包括载体,例如玻璃垫和/或非织物。
本发明的装饰性地板和墙壁覆盖物任选地配备有烘烤层。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种印刷的装饰性表面覆盖物,更具体地说是地板和墙壁覆盖物。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种用于生产所述装饰性表面覆盖物的方法。
该方法包括:
-提供一个或多个聚合物层,所述一个或多个聚合物层包括:第一聚合物,该第一聚合物选自由聚氯乙烯均聚物和共聚物组成的组;以及一种或多种选自下组的第二聚合物,该组由以下各项组成:一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物,这些共聚物包括一种或多种烯烃和一种或多种链烷酸乙烯酯,这些共聚物包括一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯;和所述均聚物和/或共聚物的混合物;
-在至少一个聚合物层的至少一个表面上施用油墨组合物;
-干燥和/或固化该油墨组合物以形成该印刷的基材。
在一个实施例中,该方法包括通过熔融混合和压延本发明的组合物并在所述聚合物层的顶表面上印刷油墨组合物来提供聚合物层以形成印刷的层。
在第二实施例中,从熔融混合和压延本发明的组合物获得的至少两个聚合物层通过压延接触以形成叠层。将油墨组合物印刷在所述叠层的顶表面上以形成印刷的叠层。
在第三实施例中,提供了从熔融混合和压延本发明的组合物获得的至少两个聚合物层。将油墨组合物印刷在至少一个聚合物层的至少一个表面上。在该实施例中,可以在至少一个聚合物层的上表面或下表面上进行印刷。
在该第三实施例中特别值得关注的是施用两个或更多个印刷物,其中印刷在以下各项上进行:
-多于一个聚合物层的一个表面,或
-同一聚合物层的两个表面,或
-一个聚合物层的一个表面和第二聚合物层的两个表面。
可以印刷相同的图案或设计。可替代地,印刷物或设计可能是不同的。最后,该两个或更多个印刷物可以一起形成具体的设计。
随后使该至少两个聚合物层,其中至少一个聚合物层包括至少一个印刷物,通过压延接触以形成印刷的叠层。
压延在以下条件下进行:
-包括在130℃与220℃之间、优选在150℃与210℃之间、更优选在170℃与200℃之间的温度;
-包括在2m/min与25m/min之间、优选在10m/min与18m/min之间、更优选在12m/min与16m/min之间的速度。
在将该一个或多个聚合物层或叠层冷却到包括在25℃与60℃之间、优选在30℃与50℃之间的温度之后进行印刷。
干燥和/或固化颜料油墨组合物的步骤包括向油墨组合物施用热量和/或光化辐射。
热量可以以例如中等和/或短红外辐射和/或加热的空气的形式施用。
光化辐射可以通过暴露于例如紫外线(UV)辐射的光化辐射来施用,其中波长为例如250nm至600nm,从例如中等和高压汞蒸汽灯、激光、脉冲灯(闪光灯)、卤素灯、准分子发射器、LED灯获得。
另一方面,光化辐射包括用在例如150keV到300keV下的高能电子束(EB)的轰击。
保护层优选地通过压延接触并结合到印刷的层或印刷的叠层的印刷的表面,以形成装饰性基材。
将可交联的顶涂层优选地施用在该装饰性基材的顶表面上。
将可辐射固化的组合物、优选可辐射固化的水性聚氨酯分散体均匀地施用在该装饰性基材的顶表面上,在包括在25℃与60℃之间、优选在30℃与50℃之间的温度下静置。
本发明的可辐射固化的组合物可以通过本领域普通技术人员已知的任何合适的涂覆方法施用,例如通过直接凹版涂布、反向凹版涂布、间接凹版涂布(offset gravurecoating)、光辊涂布、幕式涂布、喷涂及其组合。直接凹版涂布和光辊涂布是优选的。
在水蒸发后,在约100℃的对流炉中,将包括聚氨酯顶层的装饰性基材任选地加热到包括在100℃与200℃之间的温度,随后在交联之前机械压花。
对于其中可辐射固化的组合物不是基于水的例如像100%固体或近似100%固体组合物的特定情况,优选将所述组合物施用到装饰性基材上并在压花步骤之后进行交联。
机械压花优选在照射未固化的顶层之前进行。
包括未固化的聚氨酯涂层的压花的装饰性基材随后被冷却到包括在30℃与70℃之间、优选在30℃与60℃之间的温度,并经受光化辐射以形成装饰性基材覆盖物。
机械压花是通过将纹理压制到在顶部包括聚氨酯层的装饰性表面覆盖物中进行的。压花是在包括在10kg.cm-2与25kg.cm-2之间的压力和包括在100℃与200℃之间、优选在130℃与200℃之间的表面温度下进行的。
用于对基材进行机械压花的装置通常包含冷却的压花辊和可操作地放置在该压花辊内的支承辊,使得在该支承辊与该压花辊之间形成辊隙,由此基材可以穿过辊隙并且接合该压花辊用于赋予机械压花图案。该装置进一步包括能够在对基材进行压花时量化机械压花图案的轮廓仪。
通常,从机械压花获得的纹理的特征在于包括在约10至100μm之间的深度、包括在约125至400μm之间的宽度、包括在约5至40度之间的壁角度(相对于表面的角度)和每cm约4至20个特征的频率。
已经观察到,包括本发明的聚合物共混物的两个或更多个聚合物层之间的结合强度与当前聚氯乙烯表面覆盖物的两个或更多个层之间的结合强度相当。
此外,印刷物不会降低一个聚合物层的印刷的表面和相邻聚合物层的印刷的或非印刷的表面之间的结合强度。
包括本发明的聚合物共混物的聚合物层之间的结合的特征是根据ISO 24345:12(弹性地板覆盖物-耐剥离性的确定(Resilient floor coverings-determination ofpeel resistance)),超过50N/5cm的剥离强度。
此外,当使印刷的表面与相邻聚合物层的印刷的或非印刷的表面接触时,印刷品质不受影响。
实例.
以下说明性实例仅仅旨在举例说明本发明,而并非意欲限制或以其他方式限定本发明的范围。
实例1:聚合物层的制备.
从如表1中给出的组合物制备聚合物层。
成分 | 配制品1 | 配制品2 |
聚合物a) | 100 | 100 |
聚合物b) | 42.9 | 35.5 |
增塑剂 | 28.6 | 24.3 |
稳定剂 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
颜料 | 7.1 | 29.8 |
填料 | 28.6 | 133.2 |
表1
在表1中:
-对于配制品1,聚合物a)是具有65的Fikentscher K值的聚氯乙烯;聚合物b)是具有按重量计90%的乙酸乙烯酯含量的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物;增塑剂是环己酸二异壬酯;稳定剂是液体Ca/Zn稳定剂(来自艾科公司(Akcros)的LZC 393);颜料是二氧化钛,并且填料是碳酸钙镁。
-对于配制品2,聚合物a)是来自于Ercros公司的610,具有58的Fikentscher K值的聚氯乙烯;聚合物b)是来自于朗盛公司(Lanxess)的900,具有按重量计90%乙酸乙烯酯含量的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物;增塑剂是来自巴斯夫公司(BASF)的DINCH(环己酸二异壬酯)和来自阿科玛公司(Arkema)的7170(环氧化的大豆油)的78/22混合物;稳定剂是来自百尔罗赫公司(Baerlocher)的SM105(β-二酮)和CT341P(Ca/Zn稳定剂)的80/20混合物;颜料是来自亨斯迈公司(Huntsman)的R-FC5,并且填料是来自伊莫瑞斯公司(Imerys)的ImercarbTML(CaCO3)。
通过在挤出机或内部和外部混合器中在170℃的温度下熔融混合,并在滚压机中在170℃的温度下压延制备厚度为120μm的聚合物层。
实例2:叠层的制备.
将实例1的两个分开的聚合物层在热压/冷压步骤中在160℃下以约4巴压力结合,然后冷却至25℃。
根据ISO 24345:12,测得高于50N/5cm的剥离强度。
实例3:印刷的聚合物层.
将实例1的聚合物层通过单程数字印刷机用基于水的油墨进行印刷。将印刷物在空气通风的烘箱中在80℃下在3秒期间干燥。印刷的图像均匀地固定在聚合物层的表面上,并且实现了具有良好的色度和分辨率的印刷结果。
实例4:印刷的叠层的制备.
将实例3的印刷的聚合物层与透明聚合物层结合,其中印刷的聚合物层的印刷的表面与该透明聚合物接触,除颜料和填料之外,该透明聚合物层具有与表1相同的组成。
结合条件与实例2中的那些相同。根据ISO 24345:12,测得高于50N/5cm的剥离强度。最终印刷品质与实例3中观察到的印刷品质相同。
Claims (40)
1.一种印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,包括一个或多个聚合物层并包括通过直接在所述一个或多个聚合物层的至少一个表面上印刷水性油墨组合物获得的印刷物,所述一个或多个聚合物层每100份第一聚合物包括最高达70重量份的一种或多种选自下组的增塑剂,该组由以下各项组成:脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯;芳族单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯;柠檬酸低级烷基酯;环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油;低级烷基磷酸酯、烷基磺酸酯及其混合物,所述一个或多个聚合物层包括呈相对比例的以下项的共混物:
-100重量份的所述第一聚合物,该第一聚合物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯和其他烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物、及其混合物;
-从5重量份至100重量份的第二聚合物,该第二聚合物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:
i.)一种或多种包括一种或多种由通式RCOOCH=CH2定义的链烷酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物,其中R是含有从1至20个碳原子的烷基;
ii.)包括以下项的共聚物:一种或多种由通式RCOOCH=CH2定义的链烷酸乙烯酯,其中R是含有从1至20个碳原子的烷基;以及一种或多种由通式R1R2C=CR3R4定义的烯烃,其中R1、R2、R3和R4独立地是氢或含有从1至4个碳原子的烷基;
iii.)一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物,在该烷基中具有1至8个碳原子;以及
iv.)i.)和ii.);i.)和iii.);ii.)和iii.);以及i.)、ii.)和iii.)的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该第一聚合物的特征在于,根据DIN 53726 0.5g/100ml环己酮,在25℃下,包括在70与50之间的K值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该第二聚合物的特征在于通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)根据ASTM D3418以每分钟20℃的加热梯度测得的80℃或更低的玻璃化转变温度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该链烷酸乙烯酯均聚物或共聚物i.)包括按重量计60%或更多的乙酸乙烯酯。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该烯烃/链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物ii.)包括按重量计60%或更多的链烷酸乙烯酯。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物iii.)是嵌段共聚物,该嵌段共聚物包括甲基丙烯酸酯单元的一个或多个嵌段和丙烯酸酯单元的一个或多个嵌段。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物iii.)是三嵌段共聚物,该三嵌段共聚物包括一个丙烯酸正丁酯嵌段和两个甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段。
8.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该一个或多个聚合物层每100份第一聚合物包括从5重量份到70重量份的一种或多种选自下组的增塑剂,该组由以下各项组成:脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯;芳族单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯;柠檬酸低级烷基酯;环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油;低级烷基磷酸酯、烷基磺酸酯及其混合物。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中所述印刷物是装饰性印刷物,所述装饰性印刷物包括一种或多种聚合物以及一种或多种染料和/或颜料,该一种或多种聚合物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:聚烯烃、聚(甲基)丙烯酸类、聚酯、聚酰胺、乳胶、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、醇酸树脂及其混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该水性油墨组合物是可辐射固化的水性油墨组合物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该共混物包含从15重量份至80重量份的该第二聚合物。
12.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该共混物包含从20重量份至70重量份的该第二聚合物。
13.根据权利要求2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该第一聚合物的特征在于,根据DIN 53726 0.5g/100ml环己酮,在25℃下,包括在65与52之间的K值。
14.根据权利要求2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该第一聚合物的特征在于,根据DIN 53726 0.5g/100ml环己酮,在25℃下,包括在60与55之间的K值。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该第二聚合物的特征在于通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)根据ASTM D3418以每分钟20℃的加热梯度测得的包括在-20℃与80℃之间的玻璃化转变温度。
16.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该第二聚合物的特征在于通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)根据ASTM D3418以每分钟20℃的加热梯度测得的包括在0℃与80℃之间的玻璃化转变温度。
17.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该第二聚合物的特征在于通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)根据ASTM D3418以每分钟20℃的加热梯度测得的包括在5℃与75℃之间的玻璃化转变温度。
18.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该链烷酸乙烯酯均聚物或共聚物i.)包括按重量计70%或更多的乙酸乙烯酯。
19.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该链烷酸乙烯酯均聚物或共聚物i.)包括按重量计80%或更多的乙酸乙烯酯。
20.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该链烷酸乙烯酯均聚物或共聚物i.)包括按重量计90%或更多的乙酸乙烯酯。
21.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该烯烃/链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物ii.)包括按重量计70%或更多的链烷酸乙烯酯。
22.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该烯烃/链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物ii.)包括按重量计80%或更多的链烷酸乙烯酯。
23.根据权利要求1或2所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该烯烃/链烷酸乙烯酯共聚物ii.)包括按重量计85%或更多的链烷酸乙烯酯。
24.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该一个或多个聚合物层每100份第一聚合物包括从10重量份到60重量份的一种或多种选自下组的增塑剂,该组由以下各项组成:脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯;芳族单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯;柠檬酸低级烷基酯;环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油;低级烷基磷酸酯、烷基磺酸酯及其混合物。
25.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该一个或多个聚合物层每100份第一聚合物包括从15重量份到50重量份的一种或多种选自下组的增塑剂,该组由以下各项组成:脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯;芳族单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯;柠檬酸低级烷基酯;环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油;低级烷基磷酸酯、烷基磺酸酯及其混合物。
26.根据权利要求1所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该一个或多个聚合物层每100份第一聚合物包括从20重量份到40重量份的一种或多种选自下组的增塑剂,该组由以下各项组成:脂肪族二羧酸的二烷基酯;芳族单羧酸、二羧酸、三羧酸或四羧酸的烷基酯;柠檬酸低级烷基酯;环氧化的或以其他方式衍生化的植物油;低级烷基磷酸酯、烷基磺酸酯及其混合物。
27.根据权利要求1、8和24-26中任一种所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中该一种或多种增塑剂包括环己烷二羧酸的二烷基酯。
28.根据权利要求9所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中所述装饰性印刷物包括一种或多种聚合物,所述聚合物包括聚氯乙烯。
29.根据权利要求9所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物,其中所述一种或多种聚合物是一种或多种低聚物。
30.用于制备根据权利要求1至29中任一项所述的印刷的装饰性地板或墙壁覆盖物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
-步骤1:提供一个或多个聚合物层,所述一个或多个聚合物层包括该第一聚合物和该第二聚合物;
-步骤2:用油墨组合物在至少一个聚合物层的至少一个表面上施用印刷物;
-步骤3:干燥和/或固化该油墨组合物以形成印刷的基材。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中该油墨组合物是可辐射固化的油墨组合物。
32.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中步骤1的至少两层通过压延接触,形成叠层,该叠层在步骤2和3中进一步转换为印刷的叠层。
33.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中步骤3的至少两层,在所述层的至少一个的至少一个表面上具有印刷物,通过压延接触,形成印刷的叠层。
34.根据权利要求32至33中任一项所述的方法,包括使该印刷的叠层的顶表面与保护层接触的附加步骤,所述保护层包括该第一聚合物。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中该保护层通过压延与该印刷的叠层相接触。
36.根据权利要求34所述的方法,包括使该保护层的顶表面与包括交联材料的顶涂层接触的附加步骤。
37.根据权利要求35所述的方法,包括使该保护层的顶表面与包括交联材料的顶涂层接触的附加步骤。
38.根据权利要求36和37中任一项所述的方法,其中该顶涂层是由施用和固化可辐射固化的涂料组合物获得的,所述可辐射固化的组合物包含烯键式不饱和的丙烯酸的聚合物、烯键式不饱和的酯的聚合物、烯键式不饱和的醚的聚合物、或烯键式不饱和的氨基甲酸酯的聚合物。
39.根据权利要求36和37中任一项所述的方法,其中该顶涂层是由施用和固化可辐射固化的涂料组合物获得的,所述可辐射固化的组合物包含烯键式不饱和的丙烯酸的低聚物、烯键式不饱和的酯的低聚物、烯键式不饱和的醚的低聚物、或烯键式不饱和的氨基甲酸酯的低聚物。
40.根据权利要求36和37中任一项所述的方法,其中该顶涂层是由施用和固化可辐射固化的涂料组合物获得的,所述可辐射固化的组合物包含烯键式不饱和的丙烯酸的单体、烯键式不饱和的酯的单体、烯键式不饱和的醚的单体、或烯键式不饱和的氨基甲酸酯的单体。
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CN102292392A (zh) * | 2008-11-26 | 2011-12-21 | 艾利丹尼森公司 | 可印刷的阻燃聚合物膜 |
WO2013182239A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Tarkett Gdl | Substrate-free decorative surface covering |
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UA123501C2 (uk) | 2021-04-14 |
US10933684B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
US20180186176A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
CN107709005A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
EP3317116A1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
RU2695841C1 (ru) | 2019-07-29 |
WO2017001213A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
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