CN107687175A - The vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type and method - Google Patents
The vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107687175A CN107687175A CN201710892117.9A CN201710892117A CN107687175A CN 107687175 A CN107687175 A CN 107687175A CN 201710892117 A CN201710892117 A CN 201710892117A CN 107687175 A CN107687175 A CN 107687175A
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- ground
- divider wall
- antifouling
- local stiffening
- vertical antifouling
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- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/006—Sealing of existing landfills, e.g. using mining techniques
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type and method.Ground local stiffening area including being arranged on vertical antifouling divider wall both sides, ground local stiffening area is arranged within vertical antifouling divider wall horizontal center line axis both sides horizontal range 5m, and the integrally formed top surface in vertical antifouling divider wall and ground local stiffening area and around ground upper berth set surface cap rock.The present invention, which solves the problems, such as to build vertical antifouling divider wall in soft soil foundation collapse groove, the significantly deformation of soft soil foundation unstability easily occurs, causes wall local defect, improve ground shearing strength and non-deformability, realize the vertical antifouling divider wall of Security Construction in soft soil foundation, reduce vertical antifouling divider wall defect, effective prevention and control underground pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for underground water and soil environmental pollution prevention and control, and in particular to a kind of both sides ground local stiffening type erects
To antifouling isolation wall construction and construction method.
Background technology
Nearly 30 Yu Nian China industrialization and urbanization is fast-developing, while causes and seriously descend water and soil pollution.Largely
Industrial enterprise resettlement after leaving abandon place underground pollution it is serious, turn into and leave place by the major obstacle utilized of redeveloping；
Municipal solid wastes and hazardous waste landfill etc. concentrate Landfills leakage pollution underground environment risk to be present.Vertically
Antifouling divider wall is the technical way for effectively controlling above-mentioned underground pollution, ensures that sustainable utilization of water resource and the people are good for
Health.
China's Coastal Areas is distributed a large amount of soft soil foundations.This area is economically developed, and industrial enterprise's resettlement, which is left, abandons place
With landfill yard enormous amount, therefore build vertical antifouling divider wall on soft soil foundation there is very big demand.Weak soil has shearing resistance
The characteristics of low intensity, high compressibility, the vertical antifouling partition wall construction trench slot number of soft soil foundation easily occur foundation instability and collapsed
Groove；On the other hand, for flexible vertical antifouling divider wall, deformation of ground easily squeezes into wall after work, causes local defect (i.e.
" window " being commonly called as).Lack the Reliable Design and construction method that vertical antifouling divider wall is built in soft soil foundation at present.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome prior art to build vertical antifouling divider wall easily spot in soft soil foundation
Base unstability collapse groove and wall local defect the problem of, it is proposed that a kind of vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type
And construction method, ground shearing strength and non-deformability are improved, realizes the Security Construction vertically antifouling isolation in soft soil foundation
Wall, reduce vertical antifouling divider wall defect, effective prevention and control underground pollution.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
First, the vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of a kind of both sides ground local stiffening type：
Antifouling isolation wall construction includes vertical antifouling divider wall, in addition to is arranged on the ground of vertical antifouling divider wall both sides
Local stiffening area, ground local stiffening area are arranged within vertical antifouling divider wall horizontal center line axis both sides horizontal range 5m,
The depth of placement in ground local stiffening area is deeper than the depth of placement of vertical antifouling divider wall, and in vertical antifouling divider wall and ground
The integrally formed top surface in base local stiffening area sets surface cap rock with surrounding ground upper berth.
Vertical antifouling divider wall horizontal center line axis is among thickness of wall body and along the axis in the horizontally disposed direction of wall.
As shown in figure 1, the horizontal center line axis of vertical antifouling divider wall is perpendicular to paper, and positioned at plane where ground.
Described ground local stiffening area material is cement mixing pile, rotary churning pile, steel sheet pile or non-steel sheet pile.
Described surface cover material is soil property cap rock or the compound cover rocks containing GCL.
Deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes and ground settlement is set to supervise again in the outside in two ground local stiffening areas of both sides
Measuring point.
Described deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes are located within the 3m of the outside horizontal range in ground local stiffening area；It is described
Surface subsidence monitoring point be located within the 15m of vertical antifouling divider wall horizontal center line axis both sides horizontal range.
2nd, the vertical antifouling partition wall construction technique of a kind of both sides ground local stiffening type：
1) smooth location first, it is then determined that the ground of the vertical antifouling divider wall horizontal center line axis and both sides on ground
The central axis in local stiffening area, and the plane area in vertical antifouling divider wall and ground local stiffening area delimited on the ground
Domain；
2) construction is positioned at the ground local stiffening area of vertical antifouling divider wall both sides；
3) bentonite slurry and the soil property backfilling material for vertical antifouling divider wall of constructing is prepared in situ；
4) after the construction of both sides ground local stiffening area is completed and reaches intensity requirement, excavate for irrigating vertical antifouling divider wall
Groove, excavate simultaneously in groove implantation step 3) bentonite slurry；
5) groove or the vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of construction of step 4) are returned with the soil property backfilling material of step 3)；
6) the surface cap rock on vertical antifouling divider wall and ground local stiffening area entirety of constructing；
7) deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes and surface subsidence monitoring point is set to carry out in real time 4) with 5) step above-mentioned
The both sides foundation deformation monitoring of vertical antifouling divider wall.
The present invention is by before vertical antifouling divider wall groove construction, reinforcing what will be constructed by method for processing foundation
Vertical antifouling divider wall institute both sides soft soil foundation, improves soft soil foundation soil shearing strength and deformation modulus, prevents foundation instability from collapsing
Groove and significantly deformation cause wall local defect, realize and build vertical antifouling divider wall in soft soil foundation safely.
The device have the advantages that it is：
(1) the technical scheme is that ground local stiffening in vertical antifouling divider wall both sides, it is strong to improve ground shearing resistance
Degree ability, the technical barrier that foundation instability collapses in groove when solving to build vertical antifouling divider wall on soft soil foundation, ensure perpendicular
To the continuity of antifouling partition wall construction, avoid building or changing vertical antifouling divider wall axis again.
(2) the technical scheme is that ground local stiffening in vertical antifouling divider wall both sides, also improves the anti-of ground
Deformability, prevent soft soil foundation soil from squeezing into vertical antifouling divider wall and forming local defect, ensure the integrality of wall and long-term
Antifouling property.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is conventional structure schematic diagram of the invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is embedded in the vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type of impermeable stratum for the bottom of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the horizontal layout schematic diagram of the vertical antifouling divider wall axis deflecting of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 arranges schematic diagram for the vertical antifouling partition wall construction phase foundation deformation monitoring of the present invention.
In figure：1st, vertical antifouling divider wall；2nd, foundation stabilization area；3rd, surface cap rock；4th, Soft Soil Layer；5th, impermeable stratum or base
Rock；6th, deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes；7th, surface subsidence monitoring point.
Embodiment
Invention is described in further detail with embodiment with reference to neighbouring figure：
As shown in figure 1, present invention specific implementation includes vertical antifouling divider wall 1 and is arranged on vertical antifouling 1 liang of divider wall
The ground local stiffening area 2 of side, it is horizontal that ground local stiffening area 2 is arranged in the vertical antifouling horizontal center line axis both sides of divider wall 1
Within distance 5m, and vertical antifouling 2 integrally formed top surface of divider wall 1 and ground local stiffening area and around ground upper berth
If surface cap rock 3.
As shown in figure 1, the vertical antifouling horizontal center line axis of divider wall 1 is among thickness of wall body and horizontally disposed along wall
The axis in direction, paper is perpendicular in Fig. 1 and positioned at the straight line of plane where ground.
Vertical antifouling divider wall 1 is the major part for realizing prevention and control underground pollution function, and material can be soil-bentonite, water
The hypotonicity soil material such as mud-bentonite, plastic concrete, typically require that infiltration coefficient is not more than 1 X 10-7Cm/s, or soil
The composite constructions such as work film-soil, the general 0.3m~1.5m of thickness.Vertical antifouling divider wall 1 and ground local stiffening area 2 is arranged in
Soft Soil Layer 4, the depth of placement in ground local stiffening area 2 are deeper than the depth of placement of vertical antifouling divider wall 1.
As shown in Fig. 2 if depth ground superficial part has impermeable stratum or basement rock 5, typically require that infiltration coefficient is not more than 1
ⅹ10-6Cm/s is then embedded in impermeable stratum through Soft Soil Layer 4 or basement rock 5 is not less than 1m, and otherwise wall depth uses contaminant transportation
Analysis method wants integration time to determine according to contamination control.
Ground local stiffening area 2 mainly prevents groove both sides when vertical antifouling partition wall construction excavates groove on soft soil foundation
Foundation soil unstability collapse in groove, the both sides of vertical antifouling divider wall 1 are close in its position, and structure type is deep-layer stirring
Supporting construction, the thickness such as stake, rotary churning pile, steel sheet pile, non-steel sheet pile are determined that depth is typically more anti-than vertical by groove stability analysis
Dirty big more than the 3m of divider wall depth, hard stratum or basement rock are embedded in if hard stratum or basement rock are arranged at bottom.
Surface cap rock mainly prevents vertical antifouling divider wall from suffering erosion, dehydration cracking occurs, and various forms interference,
On the vertical antifouling top of divider wall 1 and ground local stiffening area 2, material is mainly clay, bentonite or containing GCL
Compound cover rocks, the general 0.3m~0.6m of thickness.
The stability of Soft Soil Layer 4 during to ensure that vertical antifouling divider wall 1 is constructed, foundation instability not occurring collapse groove accident,
The outside of ground local stiffening area 2 sets deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes 6, earth's surface arrangement surface subsidence monitoring point 7, as shown in figure 4,
The plan-position of deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes 6 is located within the 3m of the outside horizontal range in ground local stiffening area 2, and earth's surface is sunk
The plan-position for dropping monitoring point 7 is located within the 15m of the vertical antifouling horizontal center line axis both sides horizontal range of divider wall 1.
The Specific construction step of the present invention is as follows：
(1) prevention and control subject area as needed, hydrogeologic condition and pollution prevention time and contaminant transportation characteristic etc.
Relevant information, draws the horizontal center line axis of vertical antifouling divider wall on the ground, and determines the depth of vertical antifouling divider wall
Degree and thickness.
First smooth location, it is filling roadbed on vertical antifouling partition wall construction machinery route if necessary, improve base stabilization
Property, then at vertical antifouling divider wall plane axis deflecting, vertical antifouling divider wall should outwards extend, such as Fig. 3, to ensure wall
The continuity of body.
(2) the horizontal middle spindle line position based on vertical antifouling divider wall draws parallel both sides ground office on the ground again
The central axis of portion stabilization zone, two ground local stiffening areas construction of both sides is carried out in Soft Soil Layer, construction method is by being adopted
The correlation technique of foundation consolidating technology.
(3) it is adapted to region that bentonite slurry pond is set at the scene, prepares bentonite slurry, bentonite quality is typically no less than
Bentonite adds the 5% of water gross mass.Before use, bentonite slurry is answered more than aquation 24h, with Marsh funnel viscosimeter test most
Low apparent viscosity should be more than 40s, and for pH value between 6~10, density is not less than 1.03g/cm3, tested with API filter tester (
7kg/cm2Under pressure) 30 minutes in filter loss be not more than 24cm3.If cement-bentonite is as vertical antifouling divider wall wall
Material, then high speed colloidal state shear mixer is preferably used to prepare cement-bentonite slurry.
(4) by used vertical antifouling divider wall structure and material, vertical antifouling divider wall soil property backfill is prepared in situ
Material.Vertical antifouling divider wall soil property backfilling material is prepared, mechanical agitation, the modes such as mixing of bulldozing can be used.Such as backfilling material
Mixed by bentonite slurry and other materials, bentonite slurry is answered more than aquation 24h.If soil-bentonite is as vertical anti-
Dirty divider wall materials for wall, soil-bentonite slump of preparation is preferably 75~150mm.
(5) after the completion of the construction of both sides ground local stiffening area, stabilization zone material is waited to reach design shearing strength, using grabbing
The machinery such as bucket machine, excavator excavates vertical antifouling divider wall groove in Soft Soil Layer, between two ground local stiffening areas, opens
The groove route of digging should be not more than 0.6m with design axial line distance error, and ensure substantially vertical, cutting depth and projected depth
Error not should be greater than 15cm.
When excavating groove, the bentonite slurry that aquation is injected in groove is (as vertical anti-in being used as using cement-bentonite
Dirty divider wall materials for wall, then inject cement-bentonite slurry of aquation), and be kept above more than groundwater level 1.5m,
Groove or occur to prevent groove both sides foundation soil unstability from collapsing to the larger lateral deformation in groove direction.After channel excavation terminates, adopt
With excavation project or other be adapted to the clear bottoms of mode, remove the loose earth and stone material of channel bottom.
(6) after vertical antifouling divider wall channel excavation, the vertical antifouling divider wall material of backfill in time or construction are vertical antifouling
Isolate wall construction.Not allowing if soil-bentonite is as vertical antifouling divider wall materials for wall, during backfill-bentonite will soil-swollen
Profit soil is freely fallen into the bentonite slurry of groove from eminence, should be along in the domatic inflow groove of the established soil-bentonite of groove.
(7) after the completion of vertical antifouling divider wall, surface cap rock of being constructed on vertical antifouling divider wall top surface, prevent vertical
Antifouling divider wall suffers erosion, dehydration and various forms of interference occurs.Surface cover material typically uses clay or swelling
Soil, the general 0.3m~0.6m of thickness.
(8) the foundation deformation monitoring of vertical antifouling divider wall both sides is carried out in above-mentioned (5) and (6) step construction stage.Edge is perpendicular
It is spaced apart to antifouling divider wall axis, deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes are set on the outside of ground local stiffening area, on ground
Table arranges surface subsidence monitoring point, sees Fig. 4.
Above-mentioned specific implementation method is used for illustrating the present invention, the non-therefore limitation scope of the present invention, according to above-mentioned
The various modifications or apply mechanically within protection scope of the present invention that specific implementation method is made.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. both sides ground local stiffening type vertically antifouling isolation wall construction, including vertically antifouling divider wall (1), its feature exist In：Also include the ground local stiffening area (2) for being arranged on vertical antifouling divider wall (1) both sides, ground local stiffening area (2) arrangement Within vertical antifouling divider wall (1) horizontal center line axis both sides horizontal range 5m, vertical antifouling divider wall (1) and ground are local Stabilization zone (2) is arranged in Soft Soil Layer (4), and in vertical antifouling divider wall (1) and ground local stiffening area (2) overall shape Into top surface and surrounding ground upper berth set surface cap rock (3).
- 2. a kind of vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute Ground local stiffening area (2) material stated is cement mixing pile, rotary churning pile, steel sheet pile or non-steel sheet pile.
- 3. a kind of vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute Surface cap rock (3) material stated is soil property cap rock or the compound cover rocks containing GCL.
- 4. a kind of vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that： The outside of two ground local stiffening areas (2) of both sides sets deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes (6) and surface subsidence monitoring point (7)。
- 5. a kind of vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type according to claim 4, it is characterized in that：Institute The deeply mixing cement-soil pile monitoring holes (6) stated are located within the 3m of the outside horizontal range in ground local stiffening area (2)；Described ground Table settlement monitoring point (7) is located within the 15m of vertical antifouling divider wall (1) horizontal center line axis both sides horizontal range.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710892117.9A CN107687175A (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-09-27 | The vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710892117.9A CN107687175A (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-09-27 | The vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type and method |
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| CN107687175A true CN107687175A (en) | 2018-02-13 |
Family
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| CN201710892117.9A Pending CN107687175A (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-09-27 | The vertical antifouling isolation wall construction of both sides ground local stiffening type and method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109024644A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-18 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | A kind of compound impervious wall for soft clay area hazardous waste landfill environmental protection |
| WO2020062340A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | Complex diaphragm wall for environmental protection of landfill in soft soil area, and construction method therefor |
| CN111074920A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 周同和 | Construction method for inserting anti-seepage blanket into cement-soil continuous wall to form composite curtain and composite curtain prepared by construction method |
| CN111350180A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-30 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Regenerated micro-powder improved soil-bentonite vertical antifouling partition wall and construction method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109024644A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-18 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | A kind of compound impervious wall for soft clay area hazardous waste landfill environmental protection |
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| CN111074920A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-28 | 周同和 | Construction method for inserting anti-seepage blanket into cement-soil continuous wall to form composite curtain and composite curtain prepared by construction method |
| CN111350180A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-30 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Regenerated micro-powder improved soil-bentonite vertical antifouling partition wall and construction method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180213 |