CN102021906A - Method for reinforcing soft soil foundation at deep mixing pile - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reinforcing a soft soil foundation at a deep mixing pile, which comprises the steps of land formation, construction layout, spray mixing and sinking, curing agent grout mixing, stirring and hoisting, repeated spray mixing and sinking, and shifting, etc.; and the main technological parameters are as follows: 0.55 to 0.75 of water-cement ratio, 0.38 to 0.75 m/min of sinking and empty stirring speed, 0.3 to 0.5 m/min of hoisting speed, 18 to 30L/min of guniting quantity and 0.5 to 0.7 MPa of guniting pressure. Compared with the existing cement mixing pile foundation reinforcing process, the method provided by the invention has the advantages of appropriate water-cement ratio, high pile quality, high strength, less reinforcing agent consumption, low cost and remarkable economic benefit, and is easy to evenly stir; and meanwhile, the method also has the following advantages: (1) the cement can be hydrated fully, and during construction, the role of the cement can be exerted completely; (2) the construction quality is easy to control and guarantee; and (3) the construction on deep piles can be performed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the highway construction applications, be specifically related to a kind of method of deep-mixed pile punishment soft foundation.
Background technology
China region is vast, and the weak soil layer of the various origin causes of formation is arranged, and it has a very wide distribution, and soil thickness is big.The characteristics of this class weak soil are the water content height, void ratio is big, shear strength is low, compressibilty is high, poor permeability, settlement stability time are long.In recent years, fast development along with highway engineering construction, often need on soft foundation, carry out the highway bridge construction construction, because the bad building performance of soft foundation, therefore need carry out artificial consolidation process, the punishment method of soft foundation is a lot, excavates non-adaptation soil and changes and fill out as we are common, cement or lime stabilized soil punishment, throws slabstone and squeezes silt, geotextile punishment, sand cushion and hardcore bed punishment, broken stone pile punishment etc.And cement mixing pile method soft soil foundation is remarkable with its consolidation effect, cost is low, pollution is little, the duration is short, site condition requires advantage such as low and extensive use on engineering.The cement mixing pile method can be divided into the whitewashing type and dust type two big classes, wherein whitewashing type cement mixing pile is suitable for the weak soil or the weak soil of right water content＜60%, its job practices and action principle are that utilization is mixed slurry, sent slurry compression pump and deep mixer, cement paste is delivered in the soil layer, make itself and the weak soil of original position force to mix and stir, by the ion exchange between reinforced material and the weak soil, cohesion, chemical bond effect etc., form cement earth pile with certain intensity.Cement earth pile and inter-pile soil layer form composite foundation, thereby improve the bulk strength of ground.
The deep-cement agitation pile is one of method of the most frequent use in the treatment of soft foundation, and these class methods are applicable to the processing weak soil, and obvious processing effect can very fast input be used after the processing.But that the construction of deep-cement agitation pile has is a little many, line length, wide characteristics, the difficult management degree of construction is bigger, and the pile quality of deep water earth agitation pile is closely intimate relevant with continuity and uniformity, the construction technology etc. of hoisting velocity, cement mixed weight, material spray, so realizing how guaranteeing pile quality under the economic condition, and then guaranteeing that the effect of treatment of soft foundation is the problem that we explore in engineering practice.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of method of deep-mixed pile punishment soft foundation, and this method can realize guaranteeing pile quality under the economic condition.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of method of deep-mixed pile punishment soft foundation may further comprise the steps:
(1) smooth place: should flatten earlier and remove ground, place, stake position and underground all obstructions, the plain soil of low-lying place, place backfill, degree of compaction reaches more than 85%;
(2) construction lofting: the skirt piles of emitting center pile No. and processing with total powerstation, require to mark every row's position then according to drawing, require position, every campshed position to mark every column position according to drawing,, and express a position, stake position with pulverized limestone at last with bamboo chip or little timber spud pile position with steel ruler;
(3) sinking is stirred in spray: start mixer, treat that stirring-head works well after, with the deadweight of cement mixing pile with the rotation of speed limit, the limit of 0.38～0.75m/min cut soil, the limit sinks, until reaching projected depth;
(4) mix system curing compound slurries: when deep mixer stirred, the backstage began to mix system curing compound slurries according to mixing when water/binder ratio, and the curing compound slurries are poured slurries in the aggregate bin into before treating mud jacking through stirring; The curing compound infiltration capacity be compacted soil heavy 8～15%, water/binder ratio is 0.55～0.75, mixes the calcium lignosulfonate into curing compound weight 0.2～0.25% simultaneously, with 1% sodium sulphate and 2% gypsum, to strengthen the flowability of curing compound slurries;
(5) stir lifting: deep mixer sinks to arriving projected depth, with the cement mixer gear shift, counter-rotating promotes, and opens slush pump simultaneously cement paste is injected weak soil after slightly stopping, speed with 0.3～0.5m/min promotes, the whitewashing amount is controlled at 18～30L/min, and spray pressure is controlled at 0.5～0.7MPa, stirs while whitewashing, cement paste and soil are are fully mixed and stirred, until ground, remain in the lifting process and send slurry continuously, middle uninterrupted;
(6) repeat to stir: subjob before repeating, every pile all will stir multiple spray again, and the speed of stirring is limited in 0.5～0.8m/min again for the last time, rotating speed 〉=60r/min, back in-situ transesterification 2min on earth, the normal pile time of every pile should be no less than 40min;
(7) displacement: the stake machine moves to and carries out next position, repeats the construction of above-mentioned steps.
In described step (6), the remixing number of times is twice, adopts " two sprays four are stirred " technology, i.e. twice lifting whitewashing is respectively stirred twice up and down.
In described step (4), used curing compound is No. 32.5 and above Portland cement, and fresh nothing caking.
In described step (7) afterwards, also comprise following quality inspection step:
(1) the cement mixing pile pile can adopt the portable penetrometer method to carry out the pile quality check in 7 days
1. check mixing uniformity: with half-round drill subsidiary in the portable penetrometer device, stirring pile body centre-drilling hole, taking out a stake core, whether consistent, whether have " tuberculosis " of cement paste enrichment or the mass of soil that is not stirred evenly if observing its color;
2. cone penetration test: hit several N10 and soil cement intensity relativity according to existing portable penetrometer, when the hitting several N10 and hit greater than 15 of pile body 1d length of time, pile strength can meet design requirement; Perhaps during the hitting several N10 and hit greater than 30 of 7d length of time, pile strength also can reach designing requirement;
(2) the cement mixing pile pile is after 28 days, check the construction length of its integrality, stake native stir degree and stake with the method for boring and coring, the core that every pile takes out is by the on-the-spot relatively evenly position of specifying of supervising engineer, send the laboratory to do the unconfined compression strength test in the 28 day length of time, stay one group of test specimen to do the no lateral confinement resistance to compression experiment in three months length of time, to measure pile strength, the boring and coring frequency is 1～1.5%;
(3) if certain section or a certain end of the bridge cement mixing pile are got core testing result disqualification rate less than 10%, can think that then this section cement mixing pile integral body meets the demands; If disqualification rate then should be in the equal piling of this section greater than 10% less than 20% o'clock; If disqualification rate is greater than 30%, then this section cement mixing pile is defective;
(4) agitation pile being got the space that stays behind the core, should to adopt the cement mortar of equality strength to recharge closely knit;
In grand bridge abutment or the thick place of weak soil layer depth, or when with suspicion, can specify sampling observation single pile or Bearing Capacity of Composite Foundation at random by the supervising engineer at pile after 28 days to construction quality, the stake number of random inspection should not be less than 0.2% of a number, and must not be less than 3.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1. compare with other Ground Treatment mode, the inventive method can be saved materials such as great deal of steel, concrete; Compare with existing cement mixing method ground stabilization technology, water/binder ratio is suitable, stir easily, and the pile quality height, the intensity height, and the strengthening agent consumption is few, cost is low, remarkable in economical benefits.
2. the present invention also has the following advantages: the 1. abundant aquation of cement, in construction, can give full play to the effect of cement; 2. construction quality is easy to control and guarantees; 3. can carry out the construction of darker stake.
3. the cohesive soil ground that the inventive method is used for that industry and civilian construction Foundation Design are reinforced dark thicker ooze matter soil silt and water content is higher and bearing capacity of foundation soil is not more than 120kPa is used to prevent to cheat wall and side slope slumping bottom heave and can makes engineering such as underground impervious wall when dark base excavation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the construction flow chart of deep-mixed pile punishment soft foundation.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1 certain section soft soil roadbed processing of expressway engineering
This section circuit is that embankment passes through, embankment maximum height 17.8m, substrate covers mollisol, bury, silty clay, gravelly soil down, total thickness 10～12m, it is gneiss folder migmatite, schist, marble down, earthquake motion peak acceleration is 0.1g in the section, and earthquake motion response spectrum eigenperiod is 0.45s.Perform the agitation pile scope and be positioned on the field wire road, station, be respectively, long 60 meters, wide about 136 meters, long 120 meters, two wide about 46.9～104.7 meters zones.
Engineering geological conditions: top, this area is mollisol or silty clay, and is widely distributed, and engineering geological conditions is relatively poor.Be soft clay, mollisol, silty clay, thick dust soil; Thickness is at 2.90～15m, and the middle part is a gravelly soil, and the bottom is a gneiss folder marble.This soil layer has water content height, big, the high-compressibility of air space ratio, in～high sensitivity, the ground characteristics of load-carrying properties difference should be taked corresponding measures of foundation treatment.
Punish the method for above-mentioned soft foundation with deep-mixed pile,, may further comprise the steps referring to Fig. 1:
(1) smooth place: should flatten earlier and remove ground, place, stake position and underground all obstructions, the plain soil of low-lying place, place backfill, degree of compaction reaches more than 85%;
(2) construction lofting: the skirt piles of emitting center pile No. and processing with total powerstation, require to mark every row's position then according to drawing with steel ruler, require position, every campshed position to mark every column position according to drawing with steel ruler, at last with bamboo chip or little timber spud pile position, and express a position, stake position with pulverized limestone, picture is produced with computer in position, drawing king-pile position, indicate the every row stake of pile No. and every row position, so that help control in the construction;
(3) sinking is stirred in spray: start mixer, treat that stirring-head works well after, with the deadweight of cement mixing pile with the rotation of speed limit, the limit of 0.38～0.75m/min cut soil, the limit sinks, until reaching projected depth;
(4) mix system curing compound slurries: when deep mixer stirred, the backstage began to mix system curing compound slurries according to mixing when water/binder ratio, and cement paste is poured slurries in the aggregate bin into before treating mud jacking through stirring; Cement (32.5 grades of Portland cements, fresh nothing caking) infiltration capacity be compacted soil heavy 15%, water/binder ratio is 0.55, infiltrates calcium lignosulfonate, 1% sodium sulphate and 2% the gypsum of cement weight 0.2% simultaneously, to strengthen the flowability of curing compound slurries;
(5) stir lifting: deep mixer sinks to arriving projected depth, with the cement mixer gear shift, counter-rotating promotes, and opens slush pump simultaneously cement paste is injected weak soil after slightly stopping, speed with 0.3～0.5m/min promotes, the whitewashing amount is controlled at 18～30L/min, and spray pressure is controlled at 0.5～0.7MPa, stirs while whitewashing, cement paste and soil are are fully mixed and stirred, until ground, remain in the lifting process and send slurry continuously, middle uninterrupted;
(6) repeat to stir: subjob before repeating, adopt " two sprays four are stirred " technology, i.e. twice lifting whitewashing, respectively stir twice up and down, the speed of stirring is limited in 0.5～0.8m/min again for the last time, rotating speed 〉=60r/min, back on earth in-situ transesterification 2min, the normal pile time of every pile should be no less than 40min;
(7) displacement: the stake machine moves to and carries out next position, repeats the construction of above-mentioned steps.
The quality inspection method of above-mentioned deep water earth agitation pile:
This engineering agitation pile is pressed equilateral triangle and is arranged, stake footpath 0.5m, and 1.5 meters of pile spacings, the long 10m of stake, cement mixed weight is 15% of a soil mass consolidation quality; Water/binder ratio 0.55.Handle back single pile vertical resistance pressure bearing capacity according to designing requirement and be not less than 150kN, Bearing Capacity of Composite Foundation is not less than 130kPa, and 28 days unconfined compression strengths of pile body are not less than 1.5MPa.In order to reach design objective, this engineering according to construction speed and detection requirement, has been carried out single pile vertical resistance pressure static loading test, Pile Composite Foundation load test and has been carried out the pile body unconfined compression strength test by core boring sampling in the mixing pile construction process.Concrete detection method is:
(1) single pile vertical resistance pressure static loading test
Detection mode is maintained load test (ML-test) at a slow speed, utilizes counter force system to be undertaken by the mode of hierarchical loading, carries out settlement observation in loading procedure, determines the corresponding type Q-S curve that falls suddenly according to sedimentation with the feature of loads change; Determine the s-lgt curve according to the time dependent feature of sedimentation, determine the single pile vertical resistance pressure bearing capacity.
(2) Pile Composite Foundation loading test
Detection mode is maintained load test (ML-test) at a slow speed, utilizes counter force system to be undertaken by the mode of hierarchical loading, carries out settlement observation in loading procedure, determines Bearing Capacity of Composite Foundation according to pressure-subsidence curve.
(3) core boring sampling and unconfined compression strength test
Calculate soil cement intensity according to following formula after getting core as requested.Fcu=ε (4F/ π d2) (fcu-core test specimen soil cement intensity value, Mpa is accurate to 0.1 Mpa; The maximum pressure that F-core test specimen compression test records, N; D-core test specimen average diameter, mm; ε-cement-soil core test specimen compressive strength conversion factor).
Advanced test data was carried out computational analysis, make result of the test summary sheet meter Q-S curve, s-lgt curve, P-S curve, according to tracing pattern in conjunction with national regulation and strata condition analysis-by-synthesis, judge single pile vertical resistance pressure characteristic load bearing capacity and Pile Composite Foundation characteristic load bearing capacity, bore core intensity decompression report according to cement earth pile and determine the unconfined compression strength value.
(4) conclusion
1. pass through the construction of this engineering, the proof cement mixing method is applicable to reinforces the cohesive soil ground that the higher and bearing capacity of foundation soil of dark thicker mud, mucky soil, silt and water content is not more than 120kPa, can improve bearing capacity of foundation soil fast, shorten construction period greatly.
2. detect proof by engineering test, this engineering deep water earth agitation pile vertical compression characteristic load bearing capacity is all greater than 150kN, checking characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity is 130kPa, and 28 days unconfined compression strengths of pile body are not less than 1.5Mpa, satisfy the engineering design requirement.
3. cement mixing method ground friction, noiselessness, environmentally safe in reinforcing process.
4. compare with other Ground Treatment mode, cement mixing method can be saved materials such as great deal of steel, concrete; Compare with existing cement mixing method ground stabilization technology, cost is low, intensity height, pile quality height, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (4)
1. the method for deep-mixed pile punishment soft foundation may further comprise the steps:
(1) smooth place: should flatten earlier and remove ground, place, stake position and underground all obstructions, the plain soil of low-lying place, place backfill, degree of compaction reaches more than 85%;
(2) construction lofting: the skirt piles of emitting center pile No. and processing with total powerstation, require to mark every row's position then according to drawing, require position, every campshed position to mark every column position according to drawing,, and express a position, stake position with pulverized limestone at last with bamboo chip or little timber spud pile position with steel ruler;
(3) sinking is stirred in spray: start mixer, treat that stirring-head works well after, with the deadweight of cement mixing pile with the rotation of speed limit, the limit of 0.38～0.75m/min cut soil, the limit sinks, until reaching projected depth;
(4) mix system curing compound slurries: when deep mixer stirred, the backstage began to mix system curing compound slurries according to mixing when water/binder ratio, and the curing compound slurries are poured slurries in the aggregate bin into before treating mud jacking through stirring; The curing compound infiltration capacity be compacted soil heavy 8～15%, water/binder ratio is 0.55～0.75, mixes the calcium lignosulfonate into curing compound weight 0.2～0.25% simultaneously, with 1% sodium sulphate and 2% gypsum, to strengthen the flowability of curing compound slurries;
(5) stir lifting: deep mixer sinks to arriving projected depth, after slightly stopping with the cement mixer gear shift, counter-rotating promotes, open slush pump simultaneously cement paste is injected weak soil, with the speed lifting of 0.3～0.5m/min, the whitewashing amount is controlled at 18～30L/min, spray pressure is controlled at 0.5～0.7MPa, stir while whitewashing, cement paste and soil are are fully mixed and stirred, until ground;
(6) repeat to stir: subjob before repeating, every pile all will stir multiple spray again, and the speed of stirring is limited in 0.5～0.8m/min again for the last time, rotating speed 〉=60r/min, back in-situ transesterification 2min on earth, the normal pile time of every pile should be no less than 40min;
(7) displacement: the stake machine moves to and carries out next position, repeats the construction of above-mentioned steps.
2. according to the method for the described deep-mixed pile punishment of claim 1 soft foundation, it is characterized in that: in described step (6), the remixing number of times is twice, adopts " two sprays four are stirred " technology, i.e. twice lifting whitewashing is respectively stirred twice up and down.
3. according to the method for the described deep-mixed pile punishment of claim 1 soft foundation, it is characterized in that: in described step (4), used curing compound is No. 32.5 and an above Portland cement of fresh nothing caking.
4. according to the method for the described deep-mixed pile punishment of claim 1 soft foundation, it is characterized in that: in described step (7) afterwards, also comprise following quality inspection step:
(1) the cement mixing pile pile can adopt the portable penetrometer method to carry out the pile quality check in 7 days
1. check mixing uniformity: with half-round drill subsidiary in the portable penetrometer device, stirring pile body centre-drilling hole, taking out a stake core, whether consistent, whether have " tuberculosis " of cement paste enrichment or the mass of soil that is not stirred evenly if observing its color;
2. cone penetration test: hit several N10 and soil cement intensity relativity according to existing portable penetrometer, when the hitting several N10 and hit greater than 15 of pile body 1d length of time, pile strength can meet design requirement; Perhaps during the hitting several N10 and hit greater than 30 of 7d length of time, pile strength also can reach designing requirement;
(2) the cement mixing pile pile is after 28 days, check the construction length of its integrality, stake native stir degree and stake with the method for boring and coring, the core that every pile takes out is by the on-the-spot relatively evenly position of specifying of supervising engineer, send the laboratory to do the unconfined compression strength test in the 28 day length of time, stay one group of test specimen to do the no lateral confinement resistance to compression experiment in three months length of time, to measure pile strength, the boring and coring frequency is 1～1.5%;
(3) if certain section or a certain end of the bridge cement mixing pile are got core testing result disqualification rate less than 10%, can think that then this section cement mixing pile integral body meets the demands; If disqualification rate then should be in the equal piling of this section greater than 10% less than 20% o'clock; If disqualification rate is greater than 30%, then this section cement mixing pile is defective;
(4) agitation pile being got the space that stays behind the core, should to adopt the cement mortar of equality strength to recharge closely knit.
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