CN107686937A - A kind of high-performance cylinder jacket and its production technology and surface treatment method - Google Patents

A kind of high-performance cylinder jacket and its production technology and surface treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107686937A
CN107686937A CN201710796599.8A CN201710796599A CN107686937A CN 107686937 A CN107686937 A CN 107686937A CN 201710796599 A CN201710796599 A CN 201710796599A CN 107686937 A CN107686937 A CN 107686937A
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China
Prior art keywords
cylinder jacket
cylinder
iron
processing
surface treatment
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CN201710796599.8A
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CN107686937B (en
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张亮亮
李海霞
徐超
曹红星
张勇
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Central Plains Nei Pei Group PLC
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Central Plains Nei Pei Group PLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/04—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of shallow solid or hollow bodies, e.g. wheels or rings, in moulds rotating around their axis of symmetry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
    • C23C22/364—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also manganese cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to cylinder jacket field, more particularly to a kind of high-performance cylinder jacket and its production technology and surface treatment method.Cylinder jacket provided by the invention includes：C 2.3~2.6%；Si 3.1~3.4%；P 0.5~0.8%；S 0~0.1%；Mn 1.6~1.9%；Cu 1.7~1.9%；Cr 0.5~0.9%；Nb 0.6~1.0%；The Fe of surplus.Surface treatment method provided by the invention includes：Phosphorating treatment and sulphonitrocarburizing processing are carried out successively to the surface of above-mentioned cylinder jacket, obtain being surface-treated exhaust hood set.Cylinder jacket provided by the invention has high tensile strength, and is not in serious carbon distribution when in use；Surface treatment method provided by the invention can further improve the mechanical strength of cylinder jacket and reduce cylinder jacket carbon distribution situation when in use, at the same can also lifting cylinder set resistance to pitcorrosion, wear resistence and antifriction quality.

Description

A kind of high-performance cylinder jacket and its production technology and surface treatment method
Technical field
The invention belongs to cylinder jacket field, more particularly to a kind of high-performance cylinder jacket and its production technology and surface treatment side Method.
Background technology
Cylinder jacket is engine A level key components and parts, its performance directly affects as one of main fittings of engine The technical requirements such as the dynamic property of engine, reliability, economy, discharge, noise, at present, the highest tension of gray cast iron cylinder jacket Intensity is generally 350MPa or so, it is difficult to meets requirement of the high-performance enginer for cylinder jacket intensity.In addition, existing gray cast iron Cylinder jacket is also serious in the prevalence of generally existing carbon distribution during use, and resistance to pitcorrosion, wear resistence, antifriction quality, heat resistanceheat resistant The problems such as fatigability is poor.Therefore, be badly in need of research high intensity, high-performance gray cast iron material cylinder jacket come solve above low intensity, Poor performance is Problem of Failure.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high-performance cylinder jacket and its production technology and surface treatment side Method, cylinder jacket provided by the invention have high tensile strength, and are not in serious carbon distribution when in use；It is provided by the invention Surface treatment method can further improve the mechanical strength of cylinder jacket and reduce the carbon distribution situation of cylinder jacket when in use, also simultaneously Resistance to pitcorrosion, wear resistence and the antifriction quality of energy lifting cylinder set.
The invention provides a kind of cylinder jacket, including following components：
The Fe of surplus.
Preferably, the matrix of the cylinder jacket includes pearlite, ferrite, carbide and iron phosphide eutectic.
The invention provides a kind of production technology of cylinder jacket, comprise the following steps：
A), raw material carries out melting and bred successively, obtains liquid cast-iron to be poured；
It is described pour liquid cast-iron include 2.3~2.6wt% C, 3.1~3.4wt% Si, 0.5~0.8wt% P, 0~ 0.1wt% S, 1.6~1.9wt% Mn, 1.7~1.9wt% Cu, 0.5~0.9wt% Cr, 0.6~1.0wt% Nb and surplus Fe；
B) after, the liquid cast-iron to be poured is cast in centrifugal casting machine, go out cylinder cooling, obtain liner blank；
C), the liner blank is machined out, and obtains cylinder jacket.
Preferably, in step b), the temperature of the casting is 1450~1490 DEG C；It is described go out cylinder temperature >=850 DEG C.
Preferably, in step b), the cooling specifically includes：First misting cooling is to less than 550 DEG C, then is air-cooled to 15~35 ℃。
The invention provides a kind of surface treatment method of cylinder jacket, comprise the following steps：
A), to the surface of the cylinder jacket of technique productions described in the cylinder jacket or above-mentioned technical proposal described in above-mentioned technical proposal Phosphorating treatment and sulphonitrocarburizing processing are carried out successively, obtain being surface-treated exhaust hood set.
Preferably, the phosphorating treatment is manganese-series phosphorized processing；The parkerized temperature is 60~70 DEG C, and the time is 1~2h.
Preferably, the temperature of the sulphonitrocarburizing processing is 480~520 DEG C, and the time is 5~8h.
Preferably, in addition to：
The inwall of the surface treatment exhaust hood set is polished, obtains polishing exhaust hood set；
Described polish in the polishing fluid used contains PbS nanoparticles.
Preferably, the PbS nanoparticles are the PbS nanoparticles of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid modification.
Compared with prior art, the invention provides a kind of high-performance cylinder jacket and its production technology and surface treatment side Method.Cylinder jacket provided by the invention includes following components：2.3~2.6wt% of C；3.1~3.4wt% of Si；P 0.5~ 0.8wt%；0~0.1wt% of S；1.6~1.9wt% of Mn；1.7~1.9wt% of Cu；0.5~0.9wt% of Cr；Nb 0.6~ 1.0wt%；The Fe of surplus.The present invention by optimize cylinder jacket composition form, be obviously improved cylinder jacket tensile strength and Modulus of elasticity；Simultaneously as containing a certain amount of P in cylinder jacket provided by the invention, these P elements are going out cylinder rapid cooling process A middle part forms the iron phosphide eutectic of fine uniform distribution, and another part is solid-solution in the ferrite that rich phosphorus is formed in ferrite, these The ferrite of rich phosphorus can form one layer of nano level rich phosphorus phase at a high temperature of gas combustion explosion produces in cylinder sleeve, and equably Painting is hung on rubbing surface, is effectively isolated carbon and matrix, prevents carbon distribution；And due to containing in cylinder jacket provided by the invention A certain amount of Cu, these coppers form the ferrite of copper-rich, the ferrite of these copper-rich can be in cylinder during cylinder rapid cooling is gone out One layer of nano level copper-rich phase is formed at a high temperature of gas combustion explosion produces in set, and equably applies and is hung on rubbing surface, effectively Ground isolates carbon and matrix, further prevents carbon distribution.Contain a certain amount of Nb, these niobiums member in cylinder jacket provided by the invention A plain part is solid-solution in the ferrite that rich niobium is formed in ferrite, and another part is combined to form containing Niobium carbide with carbon.The present invention The hardness ＞ 300HBW of the cylinder jacket of offer, tensile strength ＞ 400MPa, elastic modulus G T.GT.GT 140GPa, metallographic structure graphite by 100%A types graphite forms, and matrix is by 40~50% (percentage by volume) pearlite, 40~45% (percentage by volume) iron Ferritic and a small amount of carbide and iron phosphide eutectic composition, the scuffing of cylinder bore time ＞ 750s after use of installing.Surface provided by the invention Processing method comprises the following steps：A phosphorating treatment), is carried out successively to the surface of above-mentioned cylinder jacket and sulphonitrocarburizing is handled, is obtained To surface treatment exhaust hood set.Surface treatment method provided by the invention carries out phosphorating treatment to cylinder-barrel surface first, at it Surface forms the phosphate coating of open grain structure, carries out sulphonitrocarburizing processing to the cylinder-barrel surface for forming phosphate coating afterwards.Sulphur During nitrocarburizing, because active nitrogen-atoms, carbon atom enter in cylinder jacket matrix, it will make in matrix Part niobium separates out, and active nitrogen-atoms, the carbon atom that wall surface touches especially inside and outside cylinder jacket are more, therefore, in cylinder Set surface will form nano level niobium carbide and niobium nitride precipitated phase, and these rich niobium precipitated phases are compounded on phosphate coating, are had Higher hardness, the nanoscale richness niobium precipitated phase of high rigidity can effectively prevent the generation of cylinder jacket outer wall cavitation pitting；It is and high hard The nanoscale richness niobium precipitated phase of degree can effectively improve the wearability of cylinder liner internal wall；In addition, the FeS that the permeation of nitrogen carbon sulphur is formed The friction factor of phosphate coating can be reduced, so as to improve the antifriction quality of cylinder sleeve.Test result indicates that using method provided by the invention Cylinder-barrel surface after being surface-treated has 5~10 μm of film layer, the case hardness ＞ of surface treatment exhaust hood set 700HV, the oil drag coefficient of friction after use of installing are less than 0.135, and steady coefficient of friction is less than 0.56, piston ring scuffing amount ＜ 0.0027g, barrel wear amount ＜ 0.001g, scuffing of cylinder bore time ＞ 11000s.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure 100 × observation figure for the liner blank part that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure 500 × observation figure for the liner blank part that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides；
Fig. 3 is 500 × profile of surface treatment exhaust hood set provided by the invention.
Embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation Example only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is common based on the embodiment in the present invention, this area The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belong to the model that the present invention protects Enclose.
The invention provides a kind of cylinder jacket, including following components：
The Fe of surplus.
Cylinder jacket provided by the invention is cast iron quality, including C, Si, P, S, Mn, Cu, Cr, Nb and Fe.Wherein, C contains Measure as 2.3~2.6wt%, concretely 2.3wt%, 2.35wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.45wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.55wt%, 2.56wt% or 2.6wt%；Si content is 3.1~3.4wt%, concretely 3.1wt%, 3.15wt%, 3.2wt%, 3.25wt%, 3.29wt% or 3.3wt%；P content is 0.5~0.8wt%, concretely 0.5wt%, 0.55wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.65wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.75wt% or 0.8wt%；S content is 0~0.1wt%, concretely 0.01wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.03wt%, 0.04wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.06wt%, 0.07wt%, 0.08wt%, 0.09wt% or 0.1wt%；Mn content is 1.6~1.9wt%, concretely 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt% or 1.9wt%；Cu content is 1.7~1.9wt%, concretely 1.7wt%, 1.75wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.85wt% or 1.9wt%；Cr content is 0.5~0.9wt%, concretely 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt% or 0.9wt%；Nb content is 0.6~1.0wt%, concretely 0.6wt%, 0.65wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.75wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.85wt%, 0.9wt%, 0.95wt% or 1.0wt%；Fe content is surplus.
In the present invention, the matrix of the cylinder jacket preferably includes pearlite, ferrite, carbide and iron phosphide eutectic. Wherein, the volumn concentration of pearlite is preferably 40~55%, and more preferably 45~50%；Ferritic volume basis contains Amount is preferably 35~50%, more preferably 40~45%.In the present invention, graphite is preferred in the metallographic structure of the cylinder jacket 100% is made up of A type graphite.
Cylinder jacket provided by the invention uses low carbon and high silicon hypereutectic composition, the ash casting of high-carbon equivalent high-strength pearlite matrix Iron, carbon equivalent high is easy to moulding by casting, and casting stress is low, especially suitable for 6~10mm of cylinder liner blank wall product, and product Thermal conductivity factor improves.
In the present invention, the wall thickness of the cylinder jacket preferably 6~10mm, concretely 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10mm.
The present invention is formed by optimizing the composition of cylinder jacket, has been obviously improved the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of cylinder jacket； Simultaneously as contain a certain amount of P, these P elements a part of shape during cylinder rapid cooling is gone out in cylinder jacket provided by the invention Into the iron phosphide eutectic of fine uniform distribution, another part is solid-solution in the ferrite that rich phosphorus is formed in ferrite, the iron element of these rich phosphorus Body can separate out nano level rich phosphorus phase by gas combustion explosion in cylinder sleeve at a high temperature of producing, and equably apply and be hung on rubbing surface, Carbon and matrix are effectively isolated, prevents carbon distribution；And due to containing a certain amount of Cu in cylinder jacket provided by the invention, this A little coppers form the ferrite of copper-rich during cylinder rapid cooling is gone out, the ferrites of these copper-rich can in cylinder sleeve gas burn it is quick-fried Nano level copper-rich phase is separated out in pyroprocess caused by fried, and equably applies and is hung on rubbing surface, be effectively isolated carbon with Matrix, carbon distribution is further prevented, the part Nanometer Copper separated out in addition combines to form nano level Cu with phosphorus3P hard phases, Ke Yiyou Improve the hardness and its wearability of cylinder sleeve in effect ground.Test result indicates that the hardness ＞ 300HBW of cylinder jacket provided by the invention, resist Tensile strength ＞ 400MPa, elastic modulus G T.GT.GT 140GPa, in metallographic structure graphite by 100%A types graphite, matrix by 40~ 50% (percentage by volume) pearlite, 40~45% (percentage by volume) ferrites and a small amount of carbide and iron phosphide eutectic group Into later patents agent is supplemented other effect datas according to embodiment supplementary data.
The invention provides a kind of production technology of cylinder jacket, comprise the following steps：
A), raw material carries out melting and bred successively, obtains liquid cast-iron to be poured；
The casting note iron liquid includes 2.3~2.6wt% C, 3.1~3.4wt% Si, 0.5~0.8wt% P, 0 ~0.1wt% S, 1.6~1.9wt% Mn, 0.6~1.0wt% Cu, 1.7~1.9wt% Cr, 0.6~1.0wt% Nb and surplus Fe；
B) after, the liquid cast-iron to be poured is cast in single-station water-cooled metal mould centrifugal casting machine, go out cylinder cooling, obtain To liner blank；
C), the liner blank is machined out, and obtains cylinder jacket.
In cylinder jacket production technology provided by the invention, melting is carried out to raw material first.Wherein, the temperature of the melting Preferably 1450~1500 DEG C, concretely 1450 DEG C, 1460 DEG C, 1470 DEG C, 1480 DEG C, 1490 DEG C or 1500 DEG C.Raw material melts After refining, the iron liquid that melting obtains is bred.In the present invention, it is preferred to after iron liquid first is stood into a period of time, then carry out the Once breed and second of inoculation.Second of inoculation is also referred to as quasi- inoculation in the present invention, and so-called standard is pregnant Educating processing includes two layers of meaning：First, forming graphite equiax crystal plays inoculation(effect)；Second, high-melting-point (2000 DEG C or so) Carborundum can't be completely dissolved, and undissolved silicon-carbide particles enter centrifugal casting mould with iron liquid, due to water-cooled metal mould Effect quickly solidifies and preserved, and is finally present in cylinder jacket matrix in the form of silicon-carbide particles and matrix metallurgical binding In.In the present invention, the time of the standing is preferably 10~20min, concretely 15min.In the present invention, will first stand Iron liquid afterwards is first poured into big casting ladle and breed for the first time.Wherein, the inovulant for breeding use for the first time is preferably that SiFe breeds Agent, more preferably preferably provided using 75SiFe inovulants, the 75SiFe inovulants by Ningxia Zhu Feng specific alloys Co., Ltd； The granularity for the inovulant for breeding use for the first time is preferably 1~2mm；First inovulant bred preferably breeds mode using following current Add, addition is preferably the 0.7% of iron liquid weight.Then it is transferred to pour and late inoculation is carried out in fiery spoon.In the present invention, it is preferred to Iron liquid is bred for the second time using the mixture of silicon strontium inovulant and metallurgical carborundum, the silicon strontium inovulant is preferably by peaceful Xia Zhu peaks specific alloy Co., Ltd provides, and the carbon content of the metallurgical carborundum is preferably 28wt%, and silicone content is preferably 62wt%；The mass ratio of silicon strontium inovulant and metallurgical carborundum is preferably (3~5)：1, concretely 4:1；The mixture Granularity is preferably 0.4~0.5mm；The inoculant material of use is bred for the second time mode is preferably bred using bag bottom add, addition Preferably the 0.1% of iron liquid weight.After iron liquid breeds end, liquid cast-iron to be poured is obtained, the casting note iron liquid includes 2.3~ 2.6wt% C, 3.1~3.4wt% Si, 0.6~0.8wt% P, 0~0.1wt% S, 1.6~1.9wt% Mn, 0.6~1.0wt% Cu, 1.7~1.9wt% Cr, the Fe of 0.6~1.0wt% Nb and surplus.
After obtaining liquid cast-iron to be poured, the liquid cast-iron to be poured is added in single-station water-cooled metal mould centrifugal casting machine and carried out Casting.Wherein, the temperature of the casting is preferably 1450~1490 DEG C, concretely 1450 DEG C, 1460 DEG C, 1470 DEG C, 1480 DEG C or 1490 DEG C；The rotating speed of the casting is preferably 1600~1800 revs/min, concretely 1600 revs/min, 1700 revs/min or 1800 revs/min；The water time of the casting is preferably 10~20 seconds, concretely 15 seconds；The sharp water time of the casting is excellent Elect as 50~60 seconds, concretely 55 seconds；The recovery time of the casting is preferably 80~120 seconds, and concretely 100 ± 10 Second.After casting terminates, obtain liner blank to be cooled, the blank to be cooled go out the temperature of cylinder preferably >=850 DEG C, specifically may be used For 850~860 DEG C, in the present invention, obtained 6 ± 1mm of wall thickness of liner blank to be cooled, cylinder toison to be cooled are cast Base is cooled down after going out cylinder.Wherein, the process of the cooling specifically includes：First misting cooling, then air cooling；It is preferred that misting cooling is extremely It is less than 550 DEG C, specifically sprayable to be cooled to 540~550 DEG C；It is preferred that be air-cooled to 15~35 DEG C, can specifically be air-cooled to 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C or 35 DEG C, can also be air-cooled to room temperature.After cooling, liner blank is obtained.
After obtaining liner blank, the liner blank is machined out, and obtains cylinder jacket finished product.In the present invention, The mach concrete mode is not particularly limited, those skilled in the art select suitable mode pair according to actual condition Blank is machined out.
Can be prepared using method provided by the invention has higher mechanical strength, and is not in when in use The cylinder jacket of serious carbon distribution.Test result indicates that the hardness ＞ 300HBW of cylinder jacket prepared by the present invention, graphite in metallographic structure By 100%A type graphite, matrix is by 40~50% (percentage by volume) pearlite, 40~45% ferrite (volume basis Number) and a small amount of carbide and iron phosphide eutectic composition, tensile strength ＞ 400MPa, elastic modulus G T.GT.GT 140GPa, after use of installing Scuffing of cylinder bore time ＞ 750s.
The invention provides a kind of surface treatment method of cylinder jacket, comprise the following steps：
A), to the finished product cylinder jacket of technique productions described in the cylinder jacket or above-mentioned technical proposal described in above-mentioned technical proposal Surface carries out phosphorating treatment and sulphonitrocarburizing processing successively, obtains being surface-treated exhaust hood set.
In surface treatment method provided by the invention, phosphorating treatment is carried out to the surface of the cylinder jacket first.Wherein, The parkerized mode is preferably manganese-series phosphorized processing；The composition of the phosphating solution of the manganese-series phosphorized processing includes:Ma Husband's salt, zinc nitrate, natrium nitrosum and sodium fluoride 0.9g/L；Content of the Mazhev salt in phosphating solution be preferably 150~ 250g/L, concretely 200g/L；Content of the zinc nitrate in phosphating solution is preferably 50~150g/L, concretely 100g/L；Content of the natrium nitrosum in phosphating solution is preferably 0.5~1.5g/L, concretely 0.9g/L；The fluorination Content of the sodium in phosphating solution is preferably 0.5~1.5g/L, concretely 0.9g/L；The free acidity and total acid of the phosphating solution The ratio of degree is preferably 1：(10~15), concretely 1：10、1：11、1：12、1：13、1：14 or 1：15；The phosphorating treatment Temperature be preferably 60~70 DEG C, concretely 60 DEG C, 61 DEG C, 62 DEG C, 63 DEG C, 64 DEG C, 65 DEG C, 66 DEG C, 67 DEG C, 68 DEG C, 69 DEG C or 70 DEG C；The parkerized time is preferably 1~2h, concretely 1h, 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h or 2h.Phosphorus After change processing, phosphate coating is formed on the surface of cylinder jacket.In the present invention, according to manganese-series phosphorized processing, then the phosphatization formed Layer surface is in the microcellular structure of hemispherical crystallization, and the main composition of phosphate coating is ferric phosphate manganese salt (MnFe)5H2(PO4)4.4H2O, Color is in Dark grey or black.
After phosphorating treatment, sulphonitrocarburizing processing is carried out to the surface of cylinder jacket.Wherein, at the sulphonitrocarburizing Reason is preferably carried out in well formula nitriding furnace, and the operation power of the well formula nitriding furnace is preferably 35kW；At the sulphonitrocarburizing Manage the reagent used and preferably include SO2、NH3And formamide.In the present invention, in sulphonitrocarburizing processing procedure, the SO2With NH3Gas flow ratio be preferably 1：(12~15), concretely 1:12、1:13、1:14 or 1:15；The SO2And NH3It is total Air inflow is preferably 400~600L/h, concretely 400,450,500,550 or 600h；The NH3Resolution ratio preferably control 40~50%, concretely 40%, 45% or 50%；The dosage of the formamide is preferably 30~40 drops/min, specifically may be used For 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39 or 40 drops/min.In the present invention, the temperature of the sulphonitrocarburizing processing Preferably 480~520 DEG C, concretely 480 DEG C, 485 DEG C, 490 DEG C, 495 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 505 DEG C, 510 DEG C, 515 DEG C or 520 ℃；The time of the sulphonitrocarburizing processing is preferably 5~8h, concretely 5h, 5.5h, 6h, 6.5h, 7h, 7.5h or 8h.Sulphur After nitrocarburizing processing terminates, obtain being surface-treated exhaust hood set.
In the present invention, in order to further improve cylinder jacket antifriction quality, exhaust hood is surface-treated described in preferred pair of the present invention The inwall of set carries out grinding-polishing.In the present invention, the cutting fluid that the grinding-polishing uses is preferably three clever new material of Wuhan The model SLQY of Co., Ltd's production cutting fluid.In the present invention, it is preferred to PbS nanoparticles are added in the cutting fluid； The PbS nanoparticles are the PbS nanoparticles of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid modification；The particle diameter of the PbS nanoparticles is preferably 3~ 6nm；The addition of the PbS nanoparticles is preferably 3~7g/mL, more preferably 5g/mL.In the present invention, it is preferred to using cork Emery stick carries out grinding-polishing to the inwall of cylinder jacket.After polishing, obtain polishing exhaust hood set.
Surface treatment method provided by the invention carries out phosphorating treatment to cylinder-barrel surface first, is formed on its surface porous The phosphate coating of formula structure, sulphonitrocarburizing processing is carried out to the cylinder-barrel surface for forming phosphate coating afterwards.Nitrogen carbon sulphur permeation process In, because active nitrogen-atoms, carbon atom enter in cylinder jacket ferrite matrix tissue, will be formed in cylinder-barrel surface Nano level rich niobium precipitated phase, these rich niobium precipitated phases are compounded in phosphate coating, can be effectively isolated inboard wall of cylinder liner matrix with Carbon, so that carbon loses the binding ability with matrix, you can effectively to prevent the generation of cylinder liner internal wall carbon distribution； Meanwhile the nanoscale richness niobium precipitated phase of high rigidity can effectively prevent the generation of cylinder jacket outer wall cavitation pitting；And high rigidity is received Meter level richness niobium precipitated phase can effectively improve the wearability of cylinder liner internal wall；In addition, the FeS that the permeation of nitrogen carbon sulphur is formed can be reduced The friction factor of phosphate coating, so as to improve the antifriction quality of cylinder sleeve.
In optimal technical scheme provided by the invention, using the polishing fluid containing PbS nanoparticles to nitrogen carbon sulphur permeation at Cylinder jacket after reason is polished, the phosphate coating for being penetrated into nanoscale PbS after nitrogen carbon sulphur permeation by way of polishing and extruding In, cylinder jacket under the influence of high pressure and temperature melts PbS nano-particles, in cylinder jacket and work in internal combustion engine working process Plug ring surface of friction pair forms the nano-particle lubricating film of densification, so that surface of friction pair has excellent lubrication property, Reduce friction pair abrasion, so that cylinder jacket shows excellent antifriction quality when in use.
In addition, cylinder jacket of the present invention is a kind of non-magnetic cylinder jacket in high intensity surface, general cylinder jacket is through grinding Certain magnetic always is carried afterwards, the presence of magnetic can bring adverse consequences to the performance of cylinder sleeve, such as：Because magnetic can caused by match somebody with somebody Close good moving parts and attract each other or adsorb iron laden dust, cause excessive wear or even be engaged.
Test result indicates that the cylinder-barrel surface after being surface-treated using method provided by the invention has 5~10 μ M film layer, the case hardness ＞ 700HV of surface treatment exhaust hood set, the oil drag coefficient of friction after use of installing are less than 0.135, steady coefficient of friction is less than 0.56, piston ring scuffing amount ＜ 0.0027g, barrel wear amount ＜ 0.001g, the scuffing of cylinder bore time ＞ 11000s.
For the sake of becoming apparent from, it is described in detail below by following examples.
Embodiment 1
1), cylinder jacket composition design：
C 2.6, Si 3.15, P 0.5, S 0.05, Mn 1.8, Cu 1.7, Cr 0.6, Nb 0.65, surplus are iron.
2), prepared by liner blank part：
The liner blank is produced using water-cooled metal mould centre spinning, 1450~1500 DEG C of smelting temperature is melted Iron liquid stand 15 minutes, bred afterwards.The inovulant bred for the first time casts peak 75SiFe for Ningxia, is bred using following current Mode adds, and addition is the 0.7% of iron liquid weight, 1~2mm of granularity；The inoculant material used is bred for the second time to cast for Ningxia The mixture of peak silicon strontium inovulant and metallurgical carborundum (C content 28wt%, Si content 62wt%), silicon strontium inovulant and metallurgical carbon The mass ratio of SiClx is 4:1, mode is bred using bag bottom and added, addition is the 0.1% of iron liquid weight, granularity 0.4~ 0.5mm.Poured into a mould using single-station centrifugal casting machine, 1450~1490 DEG C of cast temperature, 1800 revs/min of rotating speed, water 15 Second, swash water 55 seconds, reduce 100 ± 10 seconds, go out 850~860 DEG C of cylinder temperature, misting cooling is to 540~550 DEG C after going out cylinder, afterwards Carry out being air-cooled to room temperature (25 DEG C), obtain liner blank part.
To above-mentioned liner blank part carry out mechanics properties testing, as a result for：Hardness 310HBW, tensile strength 460MPa, Modulus of elasticity 149GPa.
Metallographic structure observation is carried out to above-mentioned liner blank part, as a result as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, Fig. 1 is implementation of the present invention The metallographic structure 100 for the liner blank part that example 1 provides × observation figure, Fig. 2 are the liner blanks that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides The metallographic structure 500 of part × observation figure.As seen in Figure 1, in the metallographic structure for the liner blank that the present embodiment obtains Graphite type is A types, as seen in Figure 2 the present embodiment obtain liner blank metallographic structure in graphite by 100%A Type graphite forms, and matrix is by 50% (percentage by volume) pearlite, 45% (percentage by volume) ferrite and surplus Carbide and iron phosphide eutectic composition.
3), cylinder-barrel surface is handled：
After the blank that above-mentioned steps are obtained is machined as finished product, manganese-series phosphorized processing is carried out, phosphating solution composition includes: Mazhev salt 200g/L, zinc nitrate 100g/L, natrium nitrosum 0.9g/L, sodium fluoride 0.9g/L, the free acidity of phosphating solution with it is total The ratio of acidity is 1：13,70 DEG C for the treatment of temperature, 1 hour processing time, after processing terminates, formed in cylinder-barrel surface hemispherical The phosphate coating of the microcellular structure of crystallization, the main composition of phosphate coating is (MnFe)5H2(PO4)4.4H2O, phosphate coating appearance uniform are deep Grey.
After phosphorating treatment, low temperature sulphonitrocarburizing processing is carried out using 35KW well formulas nitriding furnace, sulphonitrocarburizing treats Cheng Zhong, SO2And NH3Gas flow ratio be 1：12, SO2And NH3Total air inflow be 600L/h, NH3Resolution ratio control exist 50%, the dosage of formamide is 40 drops/min, and the temperature of sulphonitrocarburizing processing is 480 DEG C, time 6h, at sulphonitrocarburizing After reason terminates, sulphonitrocarburizing processing exhaust hood set is obtained, the case hardness of cylinder jacket is detected, is as a result 790HV.
Grinding-polishing is carried out using cork emery stick to sulphonitrocarburizing processing exhaust hood set inwall, what grinding-polishing used cuts Cut the SLQY cutting fluids (spirit of Wuhan three that liquid is the PbS nanoparticles (3~6nm of particle diameter) that with the addition of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid modification New material Co., Ltd produces), every milliliter of cutting fluid is added to 5g, polishes after terminating, the cylinder jacket being surface-treated.
After cylinder jacket surface treated, the inside and outside wall of cylinder jacket can form film layer, and the bulk composition of the film layer is sulphur nitrogen Phosphate coating after carbon permeation, a certain amount of nanoscale richness niobium precipitated phase is compounded with phosphate coating, rich niobium precipitated phase is concentrated mainly on The contact surface of phosphate coating and cylinder jacket wall；Meanwhile a certain amount of PbS nanoparticles, PbS are also compounded with cylinder liner internal wall face mask layer Nanoparticle is concentrated mainly on the surface (i.e. the side away from internal face) of cylinder liner internal wall face mask layer.
Section observation is carried out to the cylinder jacket after surface treatment, as a result as shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is surface provided by the invention Handle 500 × profile of exhaust hood set.As seen in Figure 3, after surface treatment, cylinder-barrel surface forms 6~10 μm Film layer.
Embodiment 2
1), cylinder jacket composition design：
C 2.56, Si 3.29, P 0.6, S 0.07, Mn 1.8, Cu 1.9, Cr 0.8, Nb 0.8, surplus are iron.
2), prepared by liner blank part：
The liner blank is produced using water-cooled metal mould centre spinning, 1450~1500 DEG C of smelting temperature is melted Iron liquid stand 15 minutes, bred afterwards.The inovulant bred for the first time casts peak 75SiFe for Ningxia, is bred using following current Mode adds, and addition is the 0.7% of iron liquid weight, 1~2mm of granularity；The inoculant material used is bred for the second time to cast for Ningxia The mixture of peak silicon strontium inovulant and metallurgical carborundum (C content 28wt%, Si content 62wt%), silicon strontium inovulant and metallurgical carbon The mass ratio of SiClx is 4:1, mode is bred using bag bottom and added, addition is the 0.1% of iron liquid weight, granularity 0.4~ 0.5mm.Poured into a mould using single-station centrifugal casting machine, 1450 DEG C -1490 DEG C of cast temperature, 1600 revs/min of rotating speed, water 15 Second, swash water 55 seconds, reduce 100 ± 10 seconds, go out 850~860 DEG C of cylinder temperature, misting cooling is carried out empty afterwards to 550 DEG C after going out cylinder It is cooled to room temperature (25 DEG C), obtains liner blank part.
To above-mentioned liner blank part carry out mechanics properties testing, as a result for：Hardness is 315HBW, tensile strength 470MPa, modulus of elasticity 150GPa.
To above-mentioned liner blank part carry out metallographic structure observation, it is known that in the metallographic structure of the liner blank graphite by 100%A types graphite form, matrix by 50% (percentage by volume) pearlite, 40% (percentage by volume) ferrite and Carbide and the iron phosphide eutectic composition of surplus.
3), cylinder-barrel surface is handled：
After the blank that above-mentioned steps are obtained is machined as finished product, manganese-series phosphorized processing is carried out, phosphating solution composition is bag Include:Mazhev salt 200g/L, zinc nitrate 100g/L, natrium nitrosum 0.9g/L, sodium fluoride 0.9g/L, the free acidity of phosphating solution with The ratio of total acidity is 1：14,70 DEG C for the treatment of temperature, 4 hours processing times, after processing terminates, hemisphere is formed in cylinder-barrel surface The phosphate coating of the microcellular structure of shape crystallization, the main composition of phosphate coating is (MnFe)5H2(PO4)4.4H2O, phosphate coating appearance uniform, Dark grey.
After phosphorating treatment, low temperature sulphonitrocarburizing processing is carried out using 35KW well formulas nitriding furnace, sulphonitrocarburizing treats Cheng Zhong, SO2And NH3Gas flow ratio be 1：12, SO2And NH3Total air inflow be 400L/h, NH3Resolution ratio control exist 45%, the dosage of formamide is 350 drops/min, and the temperature of sulphonitrocarburizing processing is 520 DEG C, time 7h, sulphonitrocarburizing After processing terminates, sulphonitrocarburizing processing exhaust hood set is obtained, the case hardness of cylinder jacket is detected, is as a result 720HV.
Grinding-polishing is carried out using cork emery stick to sulphonitrocarburizing processing exhaust hood set inwall, what grinding-polishing used cuts Cut the SLQY cutting fluids (spirit of Wuhan three that liquid is the PbS nanoparticles (3~6nm of particle diameter) that with the addition of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid modification New material Co., Ltd produces), every milliliter of cutting fluid is added to 5g, polishes after terminating, the cylinder jacket being surface-treated.
After cylinder jacket surface treated, the inside and outside wall of cylinder jacket can form film layer, and the bulk composition of the film layer is sulphur nitrogen Phosphate coating after carbon permeation, a certain amount of nanoscale richness niobium precipitated phase is compounded with phosphate coating, rich niobium precipitated phase is concentrated mainly on The contact surface of phosphate coating and cylinder jacket wall；Meanwhile a certain amount of PbS nanoparticles, PbS are also compounded with cylinder liner internal wall face mask layer Nanoparticle is concentrated mainly on the surface (i.e. the side away from internal face) of cylinder liner internal wall face mask layer.
Section observation is carried out to the cylinder jacket after surface treatment, or cylinder-barrel surface forms 5~7 μm of film layer.
Embodiment 3
Cylinder jacket is prepared referring to embodiment 1, it is differed only in：After blank is machined as into finished product, without step 3) surface treatment.
Embodiment 4
The carbon accumulation resisting ability of cylinder jacket and anti-attrition evaluation
After cylinder sleeving machine use, serious carbon distribution often results in scuffing of cylinder bore failure, therefore, can be according to the actual installation of cylinder jacket The scuffing of cylinder bore situation used judges that the carbon accumulation resisting ability of cylinder jacket is good and bad.
Detection cylinder jacket is tested using UMT testing machines friction pair, as a result as shown in table 1：
The performance test data of the difference cylinder of table 1 set
It can be seen that embodiment 1,2 cylinder jacket and the matching property of nitridation+PVD piston rings are good, i.e., oil rubs by the data of table 1 It is relatively low to wipe coefficient of friction, oil drag fraction time length, and the wear extent of piston ring and cylinder sleeve is smaller；The cylinder jacket of embodiment 3 with The oil drag time of nitridation+PVD piston rings is most short, and the wear extent of plug ring and cylinder sleeve is larger, and barrel wear is very fast, and draws The time of cylinder phenomenon is also more quicker compared to Examples 1 and 2.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cylinder jacket, including following components：
2. cylinder jacket according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the matrix of the cylinder jacket includes pearlite, iron Ferritic, carbide and iron phosphide eutectic.
3. a kind of production technology of cylinder jacket, comprises the following steps：
A), raw material carries out melting and bred successively, obtains liquid cast-iron to be poured；
It is described pour liquid cast-iron include 2.3~2.6wt% C, 3.1~3.4wt% Si, 0.5~0.8wt% P, 0~ 0.1wt% S, 1.6~1.9wt% Mn, 1.7~1.9wt% Cu, 0.5~0.9wt% Cr, 0.6~1.0wt% Nb and surplus Fe；
B) after, the liquid cast-iron to be poured is cast in centrifugal casting machine, go out cylinder cooling, obtain liner blank；
C), the liner blank is machined out, and obtains cylinder jacket.
4. production technology according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step b), the temperature of the casting for 1450~ 1490℃；It is described go out cylinder temperature >=850 DEG C.
5. production technology according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step b), the cooling specifically includes：First spray Less than 550 DEG C are cooled to, then is air-cooled to 15~35 DEG C.
6. a kind of surface treatment method of cylinder jacket, comprises the following steps：
A), to the cylinder of any one of the cylinder jacket described in any one of claim 1~2 or claim 3~5 technique productions The surface of set carries out phosphorating treatment and sulphonitrocarburizing processing successively, obtains being surface-treated exhaust hood set.
7. processing method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the phosphorating treatment is manganese-series phosphorized processing；It is described Parkerized temperature is 60~70 DEG C, and the time is 1~2h.
8. processing method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the temperature of sulphonitrocarburizing processing for 480~ 520 DEG C, the time is 5~8h.
9. processing method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that also include：
The inwall of the surface treatment exhaust hood set is polished, obtains polishing exhaust hood set；
Described polish in the polishing fluid used contains PbS nanoparticles.
10. processing method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the PbS nanoparticles are dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid The PbS nanoparticles of modification.
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