CN1076840C - 多位计数轮机构 - Google Patents

多位计数轮机构 Download PDF

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CN1076840C
CN1076840C CN94119546A CN94119546A CN1076840C CN 1076840 C CN1076840 C CN 1076840C CN 94119546 A CN94119546 A CN 94119546A CN 94119546 A CN94119546 A CN 94119546A CN 1076840 C CN1076840 C CN 1076840C
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counter wheel
variable
section
sensitive element
multidigit
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CN1127351A (zh
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罗兰·梅特勒
迪特尔·维舍
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GWF GAS -UND WASSERMESSERFABRIK AG
GWF MessSysteme AG
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/07Integration to give total flow, e.g. using mechanically-operated integrating mechanism
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R11/00Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
    • G01R11/02Constructional details
    • G01R11/16Adaptations of counters to electricity meters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/24Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
    • G01D5/241Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes
    • G01D5/2412Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes by varying overlap
    • G01D5/2415Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes by varying overlap adapted for encoders
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G01D5/34776Absolute encoders with analogue or digital scales
    • G01D5/34792Absolute encoders with analogue or digital scales with only digital scales or both digital and incremental scales
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/06Indicating or recording devices
    • G01F15/061Indicating or recording devices for remote indication
    • G01F15/063Indicating or recording devices for remote indication using electrical means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06MCOUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00Design features of general application
    • G06M1/27Design features of general application for representing the result of count in the form of electric signals, e.g. by sensing markings on the counter drum
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06MCOUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00Design features of general application
    • G06M1/27Design features of general application for representing the result of count in the form of electric signals, e.g. by sensing markings on the counter drum
    • G06M1/272Design features of general application for representing the result of count in the form of electric signals, e.g. by sensing markings on the counter drum using photoelectric means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有机械计数轮机构的用于测量仪器的独特的编码器,计数轮机构包括对于每个计数轮安装在一个垂直于计数轮轴的平面中的五个敏感元件(20),和一个位于计数轮上的码(21),从而每转过12°产生一个数字转动角信号。这种计数轮机构可以通常的方式可视地读出,并且编码器不会增加驱动计数机构所需的力矩。

Description

用于流量计的多位计数轮机构
已知用于气流、水流及电表中来测量流过的能量的流量计,其中测得的体积或能量被传送至用于流量计中的具有降低的比例的机械计数轮机构中。在这种情况下,计数轮机构显示出自上一次回零或自其开始运行起流过的量。为了确定在某个期间的消耗量,在该期间的开始和结束读出计数轮机构的状态。计数轮机构的一个最佳结构包括一根轴,其上安装可转动的计数轮,计数轮的圆周上设有0—9的数字;以及一根第二轴,其上以这样一种方式支承着可转动的进位齿轮,使得由相应的进位齿轮带动的低位计数轮每次在其最后十分之一转时使下一个高位计数轮转动十分之一圈。DE2244404A1中公开了一种用于水表的计数轮机构。根据这种水表的结构,具有较大的测量范围和较好的测量精度以使用于驱动计数轮机构所需的力矩尽可能小是非常重要的。
US3732404公开了一种计数机构的电子读出的技术方案,其中计数轮的连续旋转运动转变成了突然的运动。在这种情况下,需要使用于作突然的运动的弹簧或类似物能够吸收足够的能量,以使整个计数轮机构向前转动一步,例如,从19,999转至20,000。EP202722B1公开了一种技术方案,它使用机械接触而不是突然的运动来进行针型计数机构的电子读出。在这些技术方案中增加了用于驱动计数轮机构所需的力矩。
本发明的目的是以最简单的装置在任何所需的时候可用电子方法读出测量仪表中的计数机构的指示状态的数字,而不会因此大大地改变驱动计数轮机构所需的力矩。
根据本发明,通过适当的、固定设置的无接触敏感元件来用电子方法读出机械计数轮机构的指示状态,这种读出是在没有对于计数轮机构的转动运动所要求必须满足的限制条件,例如突然的转动(snap rotation)的情况下实现的。为了通过静止敏感元可靠地读出非突然的运动(non-snap)计数轮机构在所有设置状态下的指示,并估量出轮驱动的所需的机械游隙,敏感元件对于轮的每一圈至少需要呈现出22种不同的信号状态。因而,可以一小于18°的误差测量各计数轮转动的角度,并以小于36°的误差确定两相邻轮的相对置位,从而可靠地确定计数轮机构的指示状态。在一个最佳技术方案中,敏感元件对于每一圈呈现出30种不同的信号状态,每一信号状态以12°的计数轮的转动角对称地分布。在这种技术方案中,不管有多少个要读出的计数轮,可允许从一计数轮至另一计数轮有几乎12°的机械游隙。
对信号状态的要求是在每次以葛莱码(Gray code)的方式从一个状态到另一个状态时,只有一个信号改变,这种要求对于用若干个敏感元件探测机械位置的申请是公知的。
下面参照附图对本发明的几个实施例进行描述。
图1a为沿图1b中线1a—1a的部分截面图,示出本发明的第一个实施例;
图1b为沿图1a中线1b-1b的截面图;
图2a示出本发明的第二个实施例;
图2b示出本发明的第三个实施例;
图3a—3k示出第三个实施例的所有可能的码;
图4a为第四个实施例的纵剖面图;
图4b为第四个实施例的横截面图;
图5a示出第五个实施例;
图5b为第五个实施例的部分纵截面图;
图5c为第五个实施例的横截面图。
第一个实施例中使用光敏元件作为单向光栅。在计数轮轴15上设置若干个计数轮12,这些计数轮相互之间通过进位齿轮14机械连接。进位齿轮14位于进位齿轮轴16上。通过一个图中未示出的开口可以通常的方式可视地读出计数轮12。为了用电子方法读出,每次以不同的径向间隔沿计数轮的横向于其一侧设置5个光源10,另一侧设置5个光敏元件或光接受器11。在每一个计数轮12上设置一个由透明和不透明部分(见图1a)组成的合适的多轨二进制码13(见图1b)。由于各码轨之间的间隙非常小,这种方案计数轮上光敏元件和码的精度要求很高。
根据第二个实施例,和第一个实施例一样,对于每个计数轮12同样使用5个作为单向光栅的一部分的光敏元件20。光敏元件20在一绕计数轮轴15的圆弧上以相同的径向距离设置在一个光敏元件板22上,并位于一个径向平面内。为了可转动的安装,最好使所有5个光敏元件20一个接一个尽可能近地安装在计数轮12的半个圆周中。各个光敏元件20之间的夹角为36°(图2a)。
为了使编码器的结构尽可能可靠,最好在30种使用信号状态中不考虑″11111″状态(所有光敏元件都打开)和″00000″状态(所有光敏元件都关闭),从而可对光敏元件功能进行全局测试(globaltest)。为此,须使5个光敏元件20以72°的夹角在整个圆周上均匀分布(图2b)。其它可能的结构为光敏元件20以72°,36°,36°,72°,或36°,72°,36°,108°的夹角设置。
图3a,3b,3c,3d,3e,3f,3g,3h,3i和3k示出计数轮12上的可能的码21。它们包括三段第一种31和三段第二种32。码21的段31和段32之间的6条分界线以如下角度设置在计数轮12上:
变量a:18°,78°,174°,198°,258°,354°
变量b:18°,42°, 78°,126°,246°,354°
变量c:18°,42°, 78°,198°,318°,354°
变量d:18°,54°,174°,258°,294°,354°
变量e:18°,42°,150°,198°,246°,354°
变量f:18°,54°,102°,150°,258°,354°
变量g:18°,54°,114°,150°,246°,354°
变量h:18°,54°,150°,186°,246°,354°
变量i:30°,78°,114°,162°,270°,354°
变量k:30°,78°,126°,162°,258°,354°
变量b至k只适用于径向对称分布的光敏元件30,即光敏元件之间以相同的角度分布(见图2b)。码21还能够转动或反射。在图3b中,也以举例的方式示出5个光敏元件30。在使用单向光栅的情况下,第一种段由孔形成,而第二种段由薄板构成。也可使用反射光栅,这时,第一种段应具有与第二种段明显不同的反射特性。
特别适用于数量较大的生产的光敏元件的结构包括平行于计数轮12的轴15设置在板39上的光电元件40和41。元件41用作光源,其发出的光由模压光导体42引导至计数轮12的带码部分(图4)。元件40为光敏元件,例如光敏电阻器。光导体上的箭头每次指示光束的方向。
根据本发明的第五个实施例的另一种成本合适的敏感元件装备有电容性敏感元件50(图5a)。平行于计数轮12并靠近其轴安装有一个带接线头52的导电内环51。相对于计数轮12静止的光敏元件包括5个带终端54的窄的敏感元件片53,这些片以相同的角间距设置。内环51和敏感元件片53设置在一个径向平面中,最好位于一绝缘板上并距计数轮12一小的径向间距。计数轮12支承着一个具有三个导电段56和三个非导电段57的码盘55。为确定计数轮的置位,在终端52和54对内环51和各敏感元件片53之间的电容进行测量。
图5b和5c同样地示出作为第六个实施例的沿径向设置的带敏感元件60的电容性变化例。每次测量金属圆柱体61和与其径向相距的5个窄的敏感元件片63之间的电容。计数轮12具有带在一环形槽64中横向相间的金属和非金属段66,67的码圆柱体65。在这种情况下,码圆柱体65并不位于敏感元件片63和内环或圆柱体61之间,而是靠敏感元件片63足够近,使测量的电容充分地受到影响。
除了电容性敏感元件,也可使用具有适当结构的导电性敏感元件。

Claims (7)

1.用于包括气流、水流量计或电表的容量测量仪器的多位计数轮机构,其中在每两个计数轮中,高位计数轮在低位计数轮转动最后十分之一圈时由进位齿轮带动继续转动十分之一圈,用于读出每个计数轮(12)的无接触敏感元件(11,20,30,50,60)安装在垂直于计数轮轴(15)的平面中的直径上,其特征在于,在计数轮(12)上安装了三个第一种段(31,56,66)和三个第二种段(32,57,67),所说第一种段具有透光或不反射特性,所说第二种段具有阻光或反射特性,借助于五个敏感元件(11,20,30,50,60)由所说段读出了一种二进制码(13,21,55,65),这样在一个计数轮(12)的一整圈中,所说五个敏感元件(11,20,30,50,60)产生了多达32种不同的信号状态,并且所说段的分界线的角度至少变化一次,其中五个敏感元件(11,20,30,50,60)包括设置在平行于计数轮(12)的轴(15)的一块板(39)上的光电元件(40,41)和模压光导体(42)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多位计数轮机构,其特征在于,所说段的分界线的角度具有如下a-k的变量:
变量a:18°,78°,174°,198°,258°,354°
变量b:18°,42°, 78°,126°,246°,354°
变量c:18°,42°, 78°,198°,318°,354°
变量d:18°,54°,174°,258°,294°,354°
变量e:18°,42°,150°,198°,246°,354°
变量f:18°,54°,102°,150°,258°,354°
变量g:18°,54°,114°,150°,246°,354°
变量h:18°,54°,150°,186°,246°,354°
变量i:30°,78°,114°,162°,270°,354°
变量k:30°,78°,126°,162°,258°,354°
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多位计数轮机构,其特征在于,所说码由设置在一个圆弧上不等长的段(31,32,56,57,67)构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多位计数轮机构,其特征在于,所说敏感元件(11,20,30,50,60)均以与计数轮轴(15)相等的径向距离设置在一个圆弧上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多位计数轮机构,其特征在于,所说敏感元件(11,20,30)制成光敏元件,特别是光探测元件,它是单向光栅的一部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多位计数轮机构,其特征在于,所说敏感元件(50,60)是电容性敏感元件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的多位计数轮机构,其特征在于,所说五个电容性敏感元件(50,60)是窄的金属敏感元件片(53,63),一个码盘(55)或一个码圆柱体(65)紧设在敏感元件片(53,63)附近,其中任一个具有交替的金属段(56,66)和非金属段(57,67),并对敏感元件片(53,63)和一个导电内环(51,61)之间的电容进行测量。
CN94119546A 1993-12-23 1994-12-20 多位计数轮机构 Expired - Lifetime CN1076840C (zh)

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EP0660263A1 (de) 1995-06-28
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CA2138888C (en) 2005-03-01
ES2145805T3 (es) 2000-07-16
GR3033532T3 (en) 2000-09-29
AU678078B2 (en) 1997-05-15
DE59409167D1 (de) 2000-04-06
US5565861A (en) 1996-10-15
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CA2138888A1 (en) 1995-06-24
KR100360511B1 (ko) 2003-02-25

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