CN107675176A - The workpiece surface enhanced processing method that a kind of differential arc oxidation is combined with vacuum cladding - Google Patents
The workpiece surface enhanced processing method that a kind of differential arc oxidation is combined with vacuum cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN107675176A CN107675176A CN201710720533.0A CN201710720533A CN107675176A CN 107675176 A CN107675176 A CN 107675176A CN 201710720533 A CN201710720533 A CN 201710720533A CN 107675176 A CN107675176 A CN 107675176A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the workpiece surface enhanced processing method that a kind of differential arc oxidation is combined with vacuum cladding, including：First, workpiece surface greasy dirt is removed, and blasting treatment is carried out to workpiece surface；2nd, hot-dip aluminizing is carried out to the workpiece surface Jing Guo blasting treatment, aluminum-based film is formed in workpiece surface；3rd, differential arc oxidation is carried out to the workpiece surface formed with aluminum-based film, ceramic coating is formed in workpiece surface；4th, the vacuum cladding of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is carried out to the workpiece surface formed with ceramic coating, ceramic coating and the fine and close composite coating combined of ni base alloy coating is formed in workpiece surface, completes the intensive treatment to workpiece surface.The present invention first prepares a thin layer aluminium with Aldip process in workpiece surface, again high hardness wear-resisting pottery coating is prepared in aluminium base film layer using differential arc oxidation, again using vacuum cladding Ni60A powder closure surface ceramii layer micropore, it is better than any prior art through the final gained workpiece surface intensive treatment effect of three process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to process for treating surface, and in particular to a kind of workpiece surface enhanced processing method, it is especially a kind of micro-
The workpiece surface enhanced processing method that arc oxidation is combined with vacuum cladding, more particularly a kind of medium carbon alloy steel Quimby pump turn
The method for surface hardening of son.
Background technology
Quimby pump is by forming a constant volume on main driven shaft between intermeshing screw-casing and the pump housing or bushing
Sealed chamber, medium is respectively fed among the pump housing with the rotation of screw shaft, and both merge together, and are finally sent to going out for pump
Mouthful, so as to realize the purpose of pump conveying.On oil field, the multiphase mixing transmission pumps such as oil, gas and water, micro tiny solid phase particles are commonly used for
And Crude Oil Transportation pump.Twin-screw rotor, the critical component in down-hole drive latent oil double screw pump system as shown in figure 1, it
Excellent degree direct influence the efficiency of whole system, lift even with the life-span.In the course of the work, rotor is subjected to height
Material and its entrained short grained erosive wear of hard under temperature, high pressure, simultaneously because material often carries acidic materials, rotor
It is also subject to corrode.High-quality medium carbon alloy steel typically can be selected in the material of screw rotor, then carries out Quenching Treatment, makes its hard
Degree reaches 62HRC.Under corrosion for a long time and erosion effect, the hardened layer of rotor surface is consumed, and loses the protection of hardened layer, is turned
Son will be quickly worn, and the pressure in Quimby pump declines, and efficiency reduces, or even can not normal use.In this case,
The rotor that surface peening reparation is remanufactured rather than more renewed is carried out to impaired Quimby pump rotor, Quimby pump can be extended
Service life, cut operating costs.
Belong to conventional workpiece surface in workpiece surface coating abrasion-proof corrosion-proof erosion resisting coating and strengthen repairing reproduction method, and it is normal
Workpiece surface wear resistant corrosion resistant coating production, such as thermal spraying, sensing cladding, laser melting coating can not adapt to double spiral shells
This kind of workpiece with unique labyrinth of bar pump rotor, at present on Quimby pump rotor surface reinforcement technique report very
It is few, from the point of view of technological feasibility, it is possible to the side that the surface reconditioning for this kind of workpiece of Quimby pump rotor remanufactures
Method has following several：
(1) plating, chemical plating
In terms of technical standpoint, plating and chemical plating are all well suited for making again for the surface peening and reparation of labyrinth workpiece
Make, electroplate hard chromium layers and chemical Ni-P coating, the surface peening layer of high quality can be obtained, but there is also outstanding problem：
(1), chromate waste water and waste gas are seriously carcinogenic, belong to a kind of control emission of country, to the very harmful of environment and direct labor；
(2), galvanization coating thickness is extremely limited (0.03-0.05mm), while be decreased obviously more than the bond strength electroplated after 0.10mm；
The thickness of chemical ni-p plating is less, only 0.03mm, can not meet the needs of long-term wear-resisting；(3), easily go out during use
The peeling of existing large area, bulge, have a strong impact on the antiseptic property of piece surface.
(2) chemical vapor deposition
Twin-screw rotor and housing parts carry out surface film intensive treatment, its film forming temperature using chemical gaseous phase depositing process
500 DEG C or so of degree.After surface Hardening Treatment, piece surface can obtain the titanium carbonitride institutional framework of similar diamond film.Wherein,
The thin hardened layer requirement on screw rotor surface should reach 10 μm, and surface strength is 3500HV (after being converted into Mo Shi relative hardnesses
10.248) or more than 95HRC for.Although this method has obtained the ganoine thin film of high quality, but need professional equipment, spends high
It is high, along with very thin thickness, it is unfavorable for long-term and large-scale application.
From technique, the above method for the workpiece surface with labyrinth when being strengthened and reparation remanufactures
There is the defects of respective, and single technique can not almost meet the preparation requirement of high-performance abrasion-proof corrosion-resistant finishes.Therefore,
Find a kind of high quality wear resistant corrosion resistant intensive treatment technology that can be adapted to labyrinth workpiece surface has weight in this area
Big meaning.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes the workpiece surface enhanced processing method that a kind of differential arc oxidation is combined with vacuum cladding, according to workpiece
Structure and practical situations, wear resistant corrosion resistant ceramics are prepared in the workpiece surface by hot-dip aluminizing using differential arc oxidation and applied
Layer, fully takes into account influence of the dimensional effect of workpiece to coating deposition efficiency and coating quality, by process optimization, prepares
Be firmly combined with matrix, hardness up to 2000Hv ceramic coating, it is then further to prepare to overcome micro-arc oxidation process
Coating surface is loose porous unfavorable to caused by anti-wear performance to decay resistance and Bulk coat thickness deficiency (being less than 300 μm)
Influence, select vacuum cladding Ni60A self-fluxing alloyed powders to carry out sealing pores to the ceramic layer after differential arc oxidation, effectively reduce
The porosity of ceramic coating surface, final gained composite coating have that hardness is high, thickness is thick and the abrasion-proof corrosion-proof of high compactness
Performance, it is the big lifting to the reinforcing of labyrinth workpiece surface and re-manufacturing technology.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem is taken：
The workpiece surface enhanced processing method that a kind of differential arc oxidation is combined with vacuum cladding, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: removing workpiece surface greasy dirt, and blasting treatment is carried out to workpiece surface；
Step 2: carrying out hot-dip aluminizing to the workpiece surface Jing Guo blasting treatment, aluminum-based film is formed in workpiece surface；
Step 3: carrying out differential arc oxidation to the workpiece surface formed with aluminum-based film, ceramic coating is formed in workpiece surface；
Step 4: the vacuum cladding of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is carried out to the workpiece surface formed with ceramic coating, in work
Part surface forms ceramic coating and the fine and close composite coating combined of ni base alloy coating；
Step 5: workpiece is cooled into room temperature, the intensive treatment to workpiece surface is completed.
Further according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein gone in step 1 with organic solvent
Except the greasy dirt of workpiece surface, using the cast steel sand material of 18-20 mesh during blasting treatment, sandblasting air pressure is 0.6Mpa-0.8Mpa.
Further according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein in workpiece surface shape in step 2
Into aluminum-based film thickness be 8-20 μm.
Further according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein in step 3, in workpiece surface
The ceramic coating of formation is alumina ceramic layer of the thickness in 50-120 microns.
Further according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein the alumina ceramic layer is main
α-Al including crystalline state2O3With γ-Al2O3。
Further specifically included according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein step 3：
(1) by KOH, H3B03And Na2SiO3It is dissolved in as mixed electrolyte in distilled water and subalkaline electrolyte is made, electricity
The concentration for solving KOH in liquid is 3-5g/L, H3B03Concentration be 10-12g/L, Na2SiO3Concentration be 1-3g/L；
(2) workpiece is immersed in the electrolyte and connects positive source, by immerse electrolyte in stainless steel plate or
Hold the stainless steel sink connection power cathode of electrolyte；
(3) startup power supply and control voltage in 300-600V, control electric current density in 20~30A/dm2, and reacting
Electrolyte temperature is controlled at 10-50 DEG C in journey, while electrolyte convection circulation is made using agitating device.
It is according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, the wherein composite coating in step 4 further
The metallurgical binding coating of ceramic coating and ni base alloy coating, the loose sky of ceramic coating is filled up after nickel-base alloy vacuum cladding
Gap, the thickness of the composite coating is between 0.1-1.2mm, and the interior porosity of composite coating is less than 1%, the Vickers of composite coating
Hardness Hv is up to 2000.
Further specifically included according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein step 4：
(1) workpiece surface formed with ceramic coating is cleaned, dried and preheated；
(2) self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is configured according to following percentage by weight：The weight percent content of wherein carbon exists
0.5-1.1%, the weight percent content of chromium is in 15-20%, and the weight percent content of boron is in 3.0-4.5%, the weight of silicon
Degree is in 4-6%, and the weight percent content of iron is ≤5%, and remaining is nickel, and the granularity of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base
In 40-100 microns；
(3) self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is dispersed in colloid and forms coating suspension, wherein colloid is by turpentine oil
With rosin according to mass ratio 1:2-3 is mixed to form, and the mixing quality ratio of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base and colloid is 5-7:1；
(4) workpiece surface of uniform suspension spraying after preheat will be coated, forms precoating of the thickness in 0.3-1.5mm
Layer, then dries workpiece；
(5) put the workpiece in and vacuum cladding is carried out in vacuum drying oven, using ladder heating and thermal insulation mode, first low temperature slow heat
And be incubated, rosin is slowly removed, is then heated up with fast speed, preliminary sintering is carried out to Co-based alloy powder and forms skeleton knot
Structure, a period of time is incubated after finally quickly heating up to Co-based alloy powder melting temperature, Co-based alloy powder is melted and is filled
Enter in ceramic coating, form ceramic coating and the fine and close composite coating combined of ni base alloy coating.
Further according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein in step (5), vacuum drying oven it is true
Reciprocal of duty cycle control carries out ladder heating and thermal insulation to workpiece surface in the following manner in 10Pa, vacuum drying oven：Will in 2 to 5 minutes
Workpiece surface temperature is heated to 110 DEG C by room temperature, and workpiece surface temperature then is heated into 140 by 110 DEG C in 8 to 12 minutes
DEG C, 10 minutes then are incubated at 140 DEG C, workpiece surface temperature is then heated to 300 by 140 DEG C in 40 to 60 minutes
DEG C, 20 minutes then are incubated at 300 DEG C, workpiece surface temperature is then heated to 1100 by 300 DEG C in 25 to 35 minutes
DEG C, finally it is incubated 20 minutes at 1100 DEG C.
Further according to workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention, wherein the workpiece is carbon steel twin-screw
Pump rotor.
Following technique effect can at least be reached by technical scheme：
1), scheme of the present invention is prepared using workpiece surface of the differential arc oxidation after hot-dip aluminizing and forms abrasion-proof corrosion-proof
Ceramic coating is lost, in micro-arc oxidation process, workpiece size effect is taken into full account, takes into account efficiency and quality of coating, it is excellent by technique
Change, prepare on the surface of the workpiece be firmly combined with, all directions thickness uniformly, the wear resistant corrosion resistant ceramic coating of high rigidity；
2), scheme of the present invention further employs vacuum cladding on the basis of differential arc oxidation forms ceramic coating
Co-based alloy powder technology, pioneeringly form arc differential oxide ceramic layer simultaneously in workpiece surface and vacuum cladding alloy-layer is combined
Wear resistant corrosion resistant composite coating, by differential arc oxidation workpiece surface formed densification oxide ceramic layer, then in ceramics
Layer is outer further to form the nickel-base alloy cladding coating that can fill up ceramic layer porous void by vacuum cladding, and metallurgical therewith
With reference to, ultimately form densification composite coating structure, reached the intensive treatment purpose to workpiece surface, be widely portable to wrap
The surface Hardening Treatment of the labyrinth workpiece including twin-screw rotor is included, application prospect is extensive；
3), it is porous to coating decay resistance effectively to overcome arc differential oxide ceramic layer surface porosity for scheme of the present invention
Adverse effect, while controllable vacuum cladding thickness degree compensate for differential arc oxidation thickness degree deficiency to caused by anti-wear performance not
Profit influences；
4), carry out first preheating matrix (150-200 DEG C) during vacuum cladding in scheme of the present invention, precoating mistake
Substrate preheating is utilized in journey, wetability of the mixing liquid material to matrix can be improved, while colloid quickly solidifies, and avoids liquid material large area
Trickling produces partial thickening；
5), the method in scheme of the present invention during progress vacuum cladding using ladder heating and thermal insulation, slowly removes air
And colloid, ensure the compactness and filling melt of cladding layer；
6), the main technique in scheme of the present invention " differential arc oxidation and vacuum cladding " can produce firm with matrix
Metallurgical binding, surface peening and reparation suitable for complex part remanufacture；
7), scheme of the present invention is machined and is ground to vacuum cladding layer, is readily obtained higher surface quality,
Reduce coating surface coefficient of friction；
8), scheme of the present invention completely avoid the Heavy environmental pollution that tradition plating hard-chrome surfaces reinforcement technique is brought
Problem, there is the good feature of environmental protection；
9), in summary, method for surface hardening proposed by the present invention can be applied to the table of any labyrinth workpiece
Surface strengthening and reparation remanufacture, and the wear-corrosion resistance of gained composite coating is better than any prior art, composite coating
Interior porosity is less than 1%, and the Vickers hardness Hv of composite coating is improving wear resistant corrosion resistant compared with the prior art up to 2000
Applicability, economy and the feature of environmental protection have been taken into account well while strengthening performance, and there is extremely strong market popularization value.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure chart for the Quimby pump rotor for being applicable method for surface hardening of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below, so that this hair can be more clearly understood in those skilled in the art
It is bright, but therefore do not limit the scope of the invention.
The workpiece surface enhanced processing method that a kind of vacuum cladding of proposition and differential arc oxidation that the present invention innovates are combined, especially
It is the method for surface hardening for medium carbon alloy steel Quimby pump rotor.
Workpiece surface enhanced processing method of the present invention specifically includes following steps：
Step 1: removing the greasy dirt of pending workpiece surface with organic solvent, then add heat removal surface organic solvent；Such as
For fruit workpiece for old damage component, it is necessary to first remove the original coating of workpiece surface with Vehicle Processing, preferable turning thickness is less than 0.5mm,
And the roughness Ra of workpiece surface is more than 1.6 μm after turning is handled, then carry out degreasing processing.Vehicle Processing is thorough in this step
On the basis of original coating is removed at bottom, the damage to matrix should be reduced as far as possible, preferable turning thickness is less than 0.5mm, and keeps
Higher surface quality；The volatile thorough cleaning workpiece surface and oil contaminant of organic solvent is preferably used, and heating makes its complete
Volatilization.
Step 2: blasting treatment is carried out to workpiece surface；Sandblasting uses the cast steel sand material of 18-20 mesh, and sandblasting air pressure is
0.6Mpa-0.8Mpa, surface after the gases at high pressure cleaning sandblasting of same pressure is used after sandblasting.
Step 3: carrying out surface hot-dip aluminizing to the workpiece Jing Guo blasting treatment, the thickness control of hot-dip aluminizing is in 8-20 μ
m.Hot-dip aluminum plating technology is a kind of plating aluminum technology of comparative maturity, is especially well used on carbon steel work-piece surface.It will pass through
The ferrous materials or steel article of certain pre-treatment are put into the molten aluminum or molten aluminium alloy of certain temperature, when impregnating appropriate
Between, the mutual of infiltration of the aluminium liquid to steel or steel article surface, the dissolving of iron and iron atom and aluminium atom at this moment just occurs
Diffusion and reaction, Fe-Al intermetallic compounds are formed in steel surface, so as to obtain the aluminum or aluminum alloy coating of good bonding strength,
The coating does not only have the silvery-white appearance and weather resisteant of aluminium, but also has the corrosive nature of the highly corrosive agents such as excellent resistance to H2S,
There are good high temperature oxidation resisting, resistance to carburizing, wear-resisting and to light and heat reflecting properties etc. simultaneously, aluminum-plated steel also has steel in addition
Mechanical strength and good toughness.
Step 4: carrying out differential arc oxidation to the workpiece by surface hot-dip aluminizing prepares ceramic coating.Specifically adopt first
With KOH, H3B03And Na2SiO3Mixed electrolyte is dissolved in distilled water and subalkaline electrolyte is made, KOH in preferable electrolyte
Concentration be 4g/L, H3B03Concentration be 11g/L, Na2SiO3Concentration be 2g/L.Then workpiece is immersed into the electrolyte
In, and workpiece is connected into positive source, in order to prevent impurity from entering electrolyte, negative electrode is made using the preferable stainless steel of corrosion resistance
Into in electrolyte, electrolyte can be also positioned in stainless steel sink, stainless steel sink is then connected into power cathode.Using pulse
AC power, startup power supply and control voltage are in 300-600V, control electric current density in 20~30A/dm2；In the course of work, make
Electrolyte is cooled with circulating cooling system, by electrolyte temperature control below 50 DEG C (preferable to be in 35-50 DEG C),
And mechanical stirring device is used, make electrolyte convection circulation, improve oxide-film film-formation result.Preferable voltage is ensureing whole work
Under conditions of skill flow is smoothed out, use voltage as high as possible；The present invention uses constant current micro-arc oxidation, according to workpiece
Size and equipment situation, controlled current flow system is in 120-130A.
By differential arc oxidation workpiece surface formed thickness 50-120 microns fine and close ceramic coating, differential arc oxidation or
Microplasma surface ceramic deposition technology, refer on the basis of common anode aoxidizes, strengthened using arc discharge and activated
The reaction occurred on anode, so as to form high-quality reinforcing pottery in the workpiece surface using aluminium, titanium, magnesium metal and its alloy as material
The method of porcelain film, its Vickers hardness is up to 2000Hv, far above in general metal and alloy coat.Differential arc oxidation film layer and matrix
It is firmly combined with, compact structure, toughness is high, has the characteristics such as well wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, high temperature impact resistance and electric insulation.But
Differential arc oxidation can not be in carbon steel surface direct formation of film at surface, it is therefore desirable to first prepares one layer of aluminum-based film (aluminum or aluminum alloy on carbon steel surface
Film), then prepare intensified ceramic film using differential arc oxidation on aluminum-based film surface again.Concrete principle is the surface being put into electrolyte
Workpiece connection positive source formed with aluminum-based film, after the stainless steel sink connection power cathode of placement electrolyte, work as forward current
By when, workpiece surface aluminum or aluminum alloy reacts with oxygen caused by water electrolysis, workpiece surface formed a thin layer amorphous state
Aluminum oxide, because the aluminum oxide of formation is non-conductive, workpiece surface resistance, which will increase, it is necessary to continue to improve voltage, punctures shape
Into pellumina, corresponding current density could be maintained, promote reaction to continue, with workpiece surface alumina layer not
Disconnected to thicken, sheet resistance constantly increases, and voltage is also required to accordingly improve constantly, and could continue to puncture pellumina and remain anti-
Should.When forward voltage reaches certain value, Spark Discharges are produced in the moment of breakdown pellumina, with the continuing of voltage
Rise, electric spark spreads all over whole workpiece surface, and temperature moment can reach thousands of degree, the aluminum or aluminum alloy of workpiece surface at spark discharge
With early stage formed amorphous alumina thin layer melt rapidly at high temperature, while with water electrolysis caused by oxygen occur vigorous reaction
The aluminum oxide of molten state is collectively forming, quick solidification in workpiece surface, blocks the aluminum oxide of molten state again under the Quench of solution
Discharge channel, interrupt electric discharge, blow-out, with the extinguishing of electric spark, the aluminum oxide for forming crystalline state by cooled and solidified is made pottery
Enamel coating covers whole workpiece surface.Due to experienced high temperature sintering, alumina ceramic layer and the matrix of formation are in metallurgical binding, tool
There is very high bond strength, mainly include the α-Al of crystal in the alumina ceramic layer of workpiece surface generation2O3With γ-Al2O3。
Step 5: drying after cleaning the workpiece after differential arc oxidation, require thoroughly to wash coating table in this step
Face entrained electrolyte, heating furnace preheating is put the workpiece in after air-drying, be preheated to 200 DEG C and be incubated 1 hour.
Step 6: workpiece surface spraying after preheat forms uniform precoated shet.Specifically it is first according to following weight
Percentage configuration self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base (being designated as Ni60A)：The wherein weight percent content of carbon in 0.5-1.1%, chromium
Weight percent content is in 15-20%, and the weight percent content of boron is in 3.0-4.5%, and the weight percent content of silicon is in 4-
6%, the weight percent content of iron is ≤5%, and remaining is nickel, and the granularity of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is in 40-100 microns.Its
It is secondary, self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is dispersed in colloid and forms coating suspension, colloid therein is by turpentine oil and rosin
According to mass ratio 1:2-3, preferably according to 1:2.5 are mixed to form, and rosin and turpentine oil are sufficiently mixed after dissolving and is made with certain
The colloid of viscosity, then by self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base and colloid according to mass ratio 5-7:1st, preferably according to 6:1 uniformly mixing point
Dissipate, the suspension for being adapted to spraying is made, sprayed after being sufficiently stirred 1 hour in the workpiece surface by preheating.Using spray
Rifle coats the suspension in workpiece surface, and thickness 0.3-1.5mm precoated shet is formed in workpiece surface.In specific spray gun
Compressed air pressure preferably can be controlled in 0.2-0.3Mpa, and lance outlet flow is controlled in 20-40g/min, and is preferably controlled
Workpiece is rotated, and rotating speed is preferably 30-80 and turns/min, and through testing under the technological parameter, precoating material is through spray gun spraying
When on to workpiece surface, it can rapidly attach and spread over workpiece surface, show good wetability, while pass through workpiece
Rotation can uniformly spray precoating material in workpiece whole surface.After end to be sprayed, keep workpiece to continue to rotate, stop
Workpiece heat, using workpiece body waste heat face coat is quickly solidified within a few minutes, finally put workpiece in atmosphere
Put more than 20 hours so that precoating material is set in workpiece surface to be treated completely.
The Ni60A is that a kind of surface that applicant proposes by long-term working practice summary is strong from molten alloy powder
Change material, hardness is high, and self-fluxing nature, wetability and surfacing performance are good, with carburizing, nitriding, boronising, chromium plating and some hardfacing alloy etc.
Hardness after Surface hardening treatment is suitable, while the advantages that be also equipped with wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, resistance to high temperature oxidation, available for valve, post
The reparation and protection of the workpiece such as plug, sealing ring, conveying roller, pump block, can several times or even tens times ground raising service lifes.Vacuum melts
The surface abrasion resistance corrosion-resistant finishes that Ni60A is applied to complex part from molten alloy powder is covered to prepare, it is not necessary to complex device, only
Medium vacuum stove is needed, passes through the heating design that reasonably heats up, you can prepares that porosity is low, hardness is high, there is larger thickness
The protective coating of scope (1-3mm), it can be applied to that there is the surface peening of labyrinth workpiece and reparation to remanufacture.
Step 7: moisture removal is removed in the workpiece drying, the solidification that are coated with Ni60A powder suspensions；Specifically workpiece is existed
Placed in air 17 hours or in a furnace 60 DEG C and be incubated 3 hours, until colloid removes moisture removal and solidified completely, solidified
Thickness between 0.3-1.5mm, precoated shet of the further preferred thickness between 0.5-1.2mm.
Step 8: in workpiece surface vacuum cladding self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base, nickel-base alloy cladding coating is formed, specifically
Vacuum cladding is carried out to the workpiece after drying to block ceramic layer micropore, using the method for ladder heating and thermal insulation, first low temperature is at a slow speed
Heat and be incubated, slowly remove rosin, then heated up with fast speed, powder is tentatively sintered, form skeleton structure, most
Its melting point is quickly heated up to eventually, and is incubated a period of time, coating is all melted, and is packed into ceramic coating, plays envelope
Hole and the purpose thickened.Specific put the workpiece in carries out vacuum cladding in vacuum drying oven, the vacuum degree control of wherein vacuum drying oven exists
Near 10Pa, heated using ladder as in the table below and the method for insulation carries out vacuum cladding process：
| Temperature DEG C | Room temperature -110 | 110-140 | 140 | 140-300 | 300 | 300-1100 | 1100 |
| Time min | 2-5 | 8-12 | 10 | 40-60 | 20 | 25-35 | 20 |
The method of ladder heat temperature raising is taken in whole heating cladding process, in order to when removing rosin and turpentine oil,
Reaction is slowly carried out, and ensures that gas overflowing and colloid do not cause to damage during removing to coating structure, and liquid is not after cladding
Large area trickling is produced, is unlikely to destroy the overall structure and surface quality of coating.After 300 DEG C are incubated 20 minutes, in coating
Colloid removes completely, can be heated rapidly to 1100 DEG C, while before the fusing point of Ni60A powder is reached, grown
Time is sintered, and part is produced between particle and is combined, forms skeleton.This preformed skeleton, can ensure coating surface
Melt does not trickle, simultaneously because the effect of capillary effect, shrinks to coat inside, under vacuum, by the sky of coat inside
Gas is extruded, and fills up the space of the ceramic the loose surface layer of micro-arc oxidation preparation so that whole coating is finer and close, reaches surface
The purpose of sealing of hole, finally formed in workpiece surface and the metallurgical fine and close thickness combined of arc differential oxide ceramic layer is between 0.1-1.2mm
Composite coating, the thickness of the composite coating it is further preferred between 0.1mm-1mm.
Step 9: after vacuum cladding, after workpiece is cooled into room temperature, completes the reinforcing to workpiece surface and reparation remanufactures
Processing.It can select to machine overlay coating and polish, by coating according to size and surface roughness requirements in practice
Required size is machined to as requested, and preferable surface roughness Ra is less than 0.8 μm.
After tested according to the workpiece surface composite coating after surface peening of the present invention and repairing reproduction method processing
Interior porosity is less than 1%, and the Vickers hardness Hv of coating is up to 2000, and coating surface has metallic luster, without obvious oxidation.
What the present invention innovated combines differential arc oxidation and vacuum cladding technology, when individually using ceramic coating formed by micro-arc oxidation due to
It has loose and porous structure, can reduce surface abrasion resistance, it is often necessary to carries out follow-up sealing pores, adds the complexity of technique
Property, safety precautions requires higher during along with to operation, and electrolyte temperature rises very fast, need to be equipped with larger capacity
Refrigeration and heat-exchange apparatus, limit application of the differential arc oxidization technique on carbon steel work-piece surface, although and vacuum cladding technology can
To form the alloy cladding coating of densification in workpiece surface, but the hardness of coating is preferably at most HRC58~63, far below general pottery
The hardness of porcelain coating, arc differential oxide ceramic layer and vacuum cladding alloy are formed with initiating based on this present invention simultaneously in workpiece surface
The wear resistant corrosion resistant composite coating that layer is combined, the oxide ceramic layer of densification is formed in workpiece surface by differential arc oxidation, so
The nickel-base alloy cladding coating of ceramic layer porous void can be filled up by further being formed afterwards outside ceramic layer by vacuum cladding, and
Alloy combines therewith, ultimately forms the composite coating structure of densification, has reached the intensive treatment purpose to workpiece surface, can be extensive
It is extensive suitable for the surface Hardening Treatment of the labyrinth workpiece including twin-screw rotor, application prospect.
Finally provide the specific embodiment of the present invention
Embodiment 1
It is double for the corrosion-resistant enhanced processing method of surface abrasion resistance that matrix material is the Quimby pump rotor that Q235 steel makes
Screw pump is through conventional material conveying device in current industrial production, and rotor is the important feature of pump, including helicoid is with
Axle, structure is relative complex, and rotor needs to be subjected to the erosive wear of material under high temperature, high pressure in use, simultaneously because material passes through
Acidic materials are often carried, also require that rotor has preferable corrosion resistance, due to the unique and complicated profile of Quimby pump rotor
Structure, as shown in Figure 1, it can be good at the table for solving Quimby pump rotor using method for surface hardening of the present invention
Face abrasion-proof corrosion-proof problem.
The method for surface hardening of Quimby pump rotor is directed in the specific embodiment, specifically includes following process：
(1) greasy dirt of Quimby pump rotor surface is removed using organic solvent, adds heat removal surface organic solvent；If
Old damage component with Vehicle Processing, it is necessary to first remove the original coating of workpiece surface, then carry out degreasing processing.
(2) blasting treatment is carried out to Quimby pump rotor surface, sandblasting uses the cast steel sand material of 20 mesh, and sandblasting air pressure is
0.8Mpa, surface after the gases at high pressure cleaning sandblasting of same pressure is used after sandblasting.
(3) surface hot-dip aluminizing, 15 μm of aluminum layer thickness are carried out to the workpiece Jing Guo blasting treatment；
(4) differential arc oxidation is carried out to the workpiece by surface hot-dip aluminizing and prepares ceramic coating.Using KOH, H3B03With
Na2SiO3It is mixed and made into subalkaline electrolyte, KOH concentration is 4g/L, H in electrolyte3B03Concentration for 11g/L,
Na2SiO3Concentration be 2g/L；Pulse ac power supply, voltage ensure that whole technological process is smoothed out between 300-600V, use
Constant current micro-arc oxidation, current density are controlled in 25~30A/dm2；In the course of work, using workpiece as anode, circulation is used
Cooling system cools to electrolyte, by electrolyte temperature control between 35-40 DEG C, and uses mechanical stirring device, makes electricity
Liquid convection circulation is solved, improves oxide-film film-formation result, while to prevent impurity from entering electrolyte, using corrosion resistance preferably not
Rust steel makees negative electrode.The ceramic of compact coating formed by differential arc oxidation in Quimby pump rotor surface between thickness 60-80 microns.
(5) workpiece after differential arc oxidation is cleaned, thoroughly washes coating surface entrained electrolyte, then air-dry.
(6) with the weight percent content of spray gun carbon in workpiece surface coating Ni60A powder suspensions, Ni60A powder
For 1.1%, the weight percent content of chromium is 16.7%, and the weight percent content of boron is 3.4%, and the percentage by weight of silicon contains
Measure as 4.8%, the weight percent content of iron is 4.9%, and remaining is nickel, and the granularity of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is micro- in 60-80
Meter Jian.From turpentine oil and rosin according to 1:2.5 are mixed to form colloid, and Ni60A powder and colloid are according to 6:1 uniform mixing is scattered
The suspension for being adapted to spraying is made, liquid material is coated on workpiece with spray gun, by Quimby pump rotor with rotatable side before spraying
Formula hangs and is preheated near 180 DEG C, and lance outlet flow is in 30g/min, and with 0.1m/s speed transverse shifting, twin-screw
Pump rotor rotating speed is controlled in 60 turns/min, and in order to ensure axial plane and vertical plane consistency of thickness, spray gun is first with smaller pressure
The big disc of (0.2MPa) tilt alignment Quimby pump rotor and vertical plane spraying, are then directed at double spiral shells with larger pressure (0.3MPa)
Bar pump rotor small cylindrical surface is sprayed, and respectively walks to rob 3 times.After spraying terminates, matrix continues rotation until solidifying completely, in double spiral shells
Bar pump rotor surface forms the precoated shet that thickness is between 0.5-1.2mm.
(7) the Quimby pump rotor of coated Ni60A powder is incubated 3 hours for 60 DEG C in a furnace, until colloid is complete
Remove moisture removal and solidify.
(8) vacuum cladding closure ceramic layer micropore is carried out to the Quimby pump rotor after drying, using rank as shown in the table
The method of terraced heating and thermal insulation, first low temperature slow heat are simultaneously incubated, slowly remove rosin, be then heated to 1100 with fast speed
DEG C, powder is tentatively sintered, skeleton structure is formed, finally quickly heats up to its melting point, and a period of time is incubated, make painting
Layer all fusing, and being packed into ceramic coating, plays sealing of hole and the purpose thickened；
| Temperature DEG C | Room temperature -110 | 110-140 | 140 | 140-300 | 300 | 300-1100 | 1100 |
| Time min | 3 | 10 | 10 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 20 |
(9) vacuum cladding workpiece is cooled to room temperature, completes medium carbon steel oil field and is strengthened and repaired with Quimby pump rotor surface
Remanufacture whole technological process.
It the above is only and the preferred embodiments of the invention are briefly described, can not be by technical scheme
This is only restricted in, any deformation that those skilled in the art are made on the basis of the major technique design of the present invention belongs to this
Claimed technology category is invented, the specific protection domain of the present invention is defined by the record of claims.
Claims (10)
1. the workpiece surface enhanced processing method that a kind of differential arc oxidation is combined with vacuum cladding, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
Step 1: removing workpiece surface greasy dirt, and blasting treatment is carried out to workpiece surface；
Step 2: carrying out hot-dip aluminizing to the workpiece surface Jing Guo blasting treatment, aluminum-based film is formed in workpiece surface；
Step 3: carrying out differential arc oxidation to the workpiece surface formed with aluminum-based film, ceramic coating is formed in workpiece surface；
Step 4: the vacuum cladding of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is carried out to the workpiece surface formed with ceramic coating, in workpiece table
Face forms ceramic coating and the fine and close composite coating combined of ni base alloy coating；
Step 5: workpiece is cooled into room temperature, the intensive treatment to workpiece surface is completed.
2. workpiece surface enhanced processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that with organic molten wherein in step 1
Agent removes the greasy dirt of workpiece surface, and using the cast steel sand material of 18-20 mesh during blasting treatment, sandblasting air pressure is 0.6Mpa-0.8Mpa.
3. workpiece surface enhanced processing method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that wherein in work in step 2
The thickness for the aluminum-based film that part surface is formed is 8-20 μm.
4. according to the workpiece surface enhanced processing method described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that wherein step 3
In, it is alumina ceramic layer of the thickness in 50-120 microns in the ceramic coating that workpiece surface is formed.
5. workpiece surface enhanced processing method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the alumina ceramic layer is main
α-Al including crystalline state2O3With γ-Al2O3。
6. according to the workpiece surface enhanced processing method described in claim any one of 1-5, it is characterised in that wherein step 3 has
Body includes：
(1) by KOH, H3B03And Na2SiO3It is dissolved in as mixed electrolyte in distilled water and subalkaline electrolyte, electrolyte is made
Middle KOH concentration is 3-5g/L, H3B03Concentration be 10-12g/L, Na2SiO3Concentration be 1-3g/L；
(2) workpiece is immersed in the electrolyte and connects positive source, by the stainless steel plate immersed in electrolyte or held
The stainless steel sink connection power cathode of electrolyte；
(3) startup power supply and control voltage in 300-600V, control electric current density in 20~30A/dm2, and during the course of the reaction will
Electrolyte temperature is controlled at 10-50 DEG C, while makes electrolyte convection circulation using agitating device.
7. according to the workpiece surface enhanced processing method described in claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that wherein in step 4
Composite coating be the metallurgical binding coating of ceramic coating and ni base alloy coating, fill up ceramic painting after nickel-base alloy vacuum cladding
The porous void of layer, for the thickness of the composite coating between 0.1-1.2mm, the interior porosity of composite coating is compound less than 1%
The Vickers hardness Hv of coating is up to 2000.
8. according to the workpiece surface enhanced processing method described in claim any one of 1-7, it is characterised in that wherein step 4 has
Body includes：
(1) workpiece surface formed with ceramic coating is cleaned, dried and preheated；
(2) self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is configured according to following percentage by weight：Wherein the weight percent content of carbon is in 0.5-
1.1%, the weight percent content of chromium is in 15-20%, and the weight percent content of boron is in 3.0-4.5%, the weight percent of silicon
Than content in 4-6%, the weight percent content of iron is ≤5%, and remaining is nickel, and the granularity of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base exists
40-100 microns；
(3) self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is dispersed in colloid and forms coating suspension, wherein colloid is by turpentine oil and pine
Perfume is according to mass ratio 1:2-3 is mixed to form, and the mixing quality ratio of self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base and colloid is 5-7:1；
(4) workpiece surface of uniform suspension spraying after preheat will be coated, forms precoated shet of the thickness in 0.3-1.5mm, so
Workpiece is dried afterwards；
(5) put the workpiece in and vacuum cladding is carried out in vacuum drying oven, using ladder heating and thermal insulation mode, first low temperature slow heat is simultaneously protected
Temperature, rosin is slowly removed, is then heated up with fast speed, preliminary sintering is carried out to Co-based alloy powder and forms skeleton structure, most
After quickly heat up to a period of time be incubated after Co-based alloy powder melting temperature, melt Co-based alloy powder and be packed into ceramics
In coating, ceramic coating and the fine and close composite coating combined of ni base alloy coating are formed.
9. workpiece surface enhanced processing method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that wherein in step (5), vacuum drying oven
Vacuum degree control in 10Pa, vacuum drying oven in the following manner to workpiece surface carry out ladder heating and thermal insulation：At 2 to 5 minutes
It is interior that workpiece surface temperature is heated to 110 DEG C by room temperature, then workpiece surface temperature is heated by 110 DEG C in 8 to 12 minutes
To 140 DEG C, 10 minutes then are incubated at 140 DEG C, was then heated to workpiece surface temperature by 140 DEG C in 40 to 60 minutes
300 DEG C, 20 minutes then are incubated at 300 DEG C, was then heated to workpiece surface temperature by 300 DEG C in 25 to 35 minutes
1100 DEG C, finally it is incubated 20 minutes at 1100 DEG C.
10. according to the workpiece surface enhanced processing method described in claim any one of 1-9, it is characterised in that the workpiece is
Carbon steel Quimby pump rotor.
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| CN108580886A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 江西保德电子材料有限公司 | A kind of method of surface of metal particles coated aluminum oxide |
| CN108754424A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽大地熊新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of corrosion-resistant sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of the surface with Al-base ceramic composite coating |
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| CN110158134A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-23 | 陕西天元智能再制造股份有限公司 | A kind of workpiece surface processing method that cold spraying is combined with differential arc oxidation |
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| CN113787196A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-14 | 喻馨 | High-performance aluminum alloy treatment method |
| CN114754056A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-07-15 | 苏州希瑞格机械科技有限公司 | Hydraulic bolt and surface modification composite treatment process thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108580886A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 江西保德电子材料有限公司 | A kind of method of surface of metal particles coated aluminum oxide |
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| CN110158134A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-23 | 陕西天元智能再制造股份有限公司 | A kind of workpiece surface processing method that cold spraying is combined with differential arc oxidation |
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| CN114754056A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-07-15 | 苏州希瑞格机械科技有限公司 | Hydraulic bolt and surface modification composite treatment process thereof |
| CN113787196A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-14 | 喻馨 | High-performance aluminum alloy treatment method |
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