CN107674042B - 一种超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法,采用喷雾方法使液体原料与固体原料充分接触,在超声波振荡下完全反应,高效、高收率地合成出3‑取代苯基‑5‑取代苯偶氮基‑[1,3,4]‑噻二唑‑2‑硫酮类化合物,最高产物收率可达92.5%。该方法简单易行,便于操作,且无需加入任何溶剂,具有反应设备简单,速度快,易操作,无副产物,无溶剂无污染,易分离提纯等优点;具有良好的工业化应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及噻二唑衍生物合成技术领域,具体的说是一种超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法。
背景技术
噻二唑是五元环上含有两个氮原子和一个硫原子的芳香杂环,其衍生物具有极强的生物活性和药理活性,被广泛用于农药、医药、生命科学和化工等方面。在农药方面,发现其具有除草、杀菌、驱虫、调节植物生长以及诱导植物抗病机能等作用,在医药方面,其具有消炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗结核、抗糖尿、杀微生物、抗真菌以及抗病毒等活性,在化工方面,被用作染料、阻燃剂、润滑油添加剂、橡胶抗氧剂等,并发现了其光学和热力学性能。2,5-二巯基-1, 3, 4-噻二唑(DMTD)大分子中含有S,N等杂环原子,DMTD以及DMTD的衍生物表现出一些特殊的化学性质,例如它和硫醇反应的生成物可以做为金属减活剂用在润滑油中做抗氧化剂,还可以抑制铜的腐蚀。在DMTD的大分子主链中引入S、N等具有抗磨活性的杂原子,可改善聚合物作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能,赋予聚合物以极压抗磨的性能。其次,DMTD还可以用在电化学中制作电池的阳极,DMTD和有色金属反应可以用作颜色试剂。再次,DMTD的衍生物还可以用于含卤化合物的硫化交联,可以作为含卤橡胶的硫化剂。噻二唑类化合物的性能研究报道较多,Talath.S等发现了5-氨基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑类衍生物具有抗菌、抗病毒活性。Joanna Matysiak等合成了N-取代-2-氨基-5-(2,4-二氢苯基)-[1,3,4] -噻二唑,发现其具有抗类风湿性关节炎的作用。Nalan等合成了2,6-二甲基咪唑-[2,1-b] [1,3,4]-噻二唑-5-碳酰肼,研究了其抗癌性。Mala Nath等合成了5-氨基-3-氢-2-巯基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑,并研究了其光学和热力学性质。Masaru Yao等对7,7-联苯-6,7-二氢-[1,2,5]-噻二唑-[3,4,f]喹啉衍生物的可滑动的π堆积空间柱状结构及磁性进行了研究。王瑛等对3-苯基-5-苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮的合成和晶体结构作了研究。但据我们所知,3,5-二取代-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮类的合成报道较少,仅仅在建方方教授指导下的庄锐锐同学在硕士学位论文中介绍了3-取代苯基-5-取代苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮的合成方法。该方法通过苯胺的重氮化,再重氮盐还原为苯肼,合成出硫代卡巴腙(4,4’-二取代基双硫腙)。然后,以乙腈作溶剂,以氢氧化钠为催化剂,加入二硫化碳,通过加热回流数小时合成出产物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按摩尔比1:1.2~1:1.4称取4,4’-二取代基双硫腙和乙醇钠,充分混匀后转入圆底烧瓶中,将其固定在超声波振荡器中;在圆底烧瓶口插入一雾化粒径1~10µm的超声波干雾喷嘴与雾化器连接;
步骤二:开启超声波反应,在振荡开始后,向圆底烧瓶里的固体喷入雾状二硫化碳,观察反应物固体的颜色变化,当固体反应物颜色完全变为橙红色时,停止喷入二硫化碳,继续振荡5分钟,停止反应;
步骤三:取步骤二所得反应产物,用乙醇洗去过量的二硫化碳和乙醇钠,再用蒸馏水洗去硫氢化钠,得橙红色固体,即为目标产物;
其过程的化学反应式为:
所述步骤二中超声波反应设置频率为60kHZ~65kHZ,额定功率400w。
所述4,4’-二取代基双硫腙和乙醇钠的摩尔比为1:1.3。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供的超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法,采用喷雾方法使液体原料与固体原料充分接触,在超声波振荡下完全反应,高效、高收率地合成出3-取代苯基-5-取代苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮类化合物,最高产物收率可达92.5%。该方法简单易行,便于操作,且无需加入任何溶剂,具有反应设备简单,速度快,易操作,无副产物,无溶剂无污染,易分离提纯等优点;具有良好的工业化应用前景。
附图说明
图1为3-对甲苯基-5-对甲苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮的红外光谱图;
图2为3-对甲氧苯基-5-对甲氧苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮的红外光谱图;
图3为3-对氯苯基-5-对氯苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮的红外光谱图;
图4为3-对硝基苯基-5-对硝基苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮的红外光谱图;
图5为3-对溴基苯基-5-对溴基苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的阐述。
实施例1
准确称取4,4’- 二甲基双硫腙5.7克(0.02mol),乙醇钠1.8g(0.026mol),在研钵中充分混匀后转入圆底烧瓶中,将其固定在超声波振荡器中。在圆底烧瓶口插入一雾化粒径1~10µm的超声波干雾喷嘴与雾化器连接。设置频率60kHZ~65kHZ,在额定功率400w作用下,开启超声波反应。在振荡开始后,向烧瓶里的固体喷入雾状二硫化碳。当雾气浓厚时,间歇一段时间,持续二硫化碳喷雾,观察反应物固体的颜色变化。当固体反应物颜色完全变为橙红色时,停止喷入二硫化碳。继续振荡5分钟。停止反应,取出产物。用乙醇洗去过量的二硫化碳和乙醇钠,用蒸馏水洗去硫氢化钠和少量氢氧化钠,得橙红色丝状固体。干燥后称重6.05g,收率92.5%。测其熔点为250℃。
对产物3-对甲苯基-5-对甲苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮进行元素分析,Perkin-Elmer 1400C型元素分析仪。所得数据为:化学式C16H14N4S2,H:4.379% ,C:58.01% ,N:16.92% ,S:19.34%(实验值);H:4.294%, C:58.89 %,N:17.18%,S:19.63%.(理论值)。看出产物的分析数值与理论值基本一致。
对产物3-对甲苯基-5-对甲苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮作了红外谱图分析,Nicolet 170SX傅里叶红外光谱仪(KBr做压片)。所得红外分析数据为υmax,cm-1 :3129,2960,2870,1600,1512,1450, 1399,1380, 1326,1222, 825,697。其红外光谱图如图1所示,经核对,与标准图谱一致。
实施例2
准确称取4,4’- 二甲氧基双硫腙6.3克(0.02mol),乙醇钠1.8g(0.026mol),在研钵中充分混匀后转入圆底烧瓶中,将其固定在超声波振荡器中。在圆底烧瓶口插入一雾化粒径1~10µm的超声波干雾喷嘴与雾化器连接。设置频率60kHZ~65kHZ,在额定功率400w作用下,开启超声波反应。
在振荡开始后,向烧瓶里的固体喷入雾状二硫化碳。当雾气浓厚时,间歇一段时间,持续二硫化碳喷雾,观察反应物固体的颜色变化。当固体反应物颜色完全变为橙红色时,停止喷入二硫化碳。继续振荡5分钟。停止反应,取出产物。用乙醇洗,再用蒸馏水洗,得橙色丝状固体。干燥后称重6.5克,收率91.5%。测其熔点为167℃。
对产物3-对甲氧苯基-5-对甲氧苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮进行元素分析,Perkin-Elmer 1400C型元素分析仪。所得数据为:化学式C16H14N4S2O2,H:3.988% ,C:52.83% ,N:15.41% ,S:17.61%(实验值);H:3.910%, C:53.63 %,N:15.64%,S:17.88%.(理论值)。看出产物的分析数值与理论值基本一致。
对产物3-对甲氧苯基-5-对甲氧苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮作了红外谱图分析,Nicolet 170SX傅里叶红外光谱仪(KBr做压片)。所得红外分析数据为υmax,cm-1 :3153, 2836, 1623,1564, 1460,1398,1342,1252,826,671。其红外光谱图如图2所示,经核对,与标准图谱一致。
实施例3
准确称取4,4’- 二对氯基双硫腙6.5克(0.02mol),乙醇钠1.8g(0.026mol),在研钵中充分混匀后转入圆底烧瓶中,将其固定在超声波振荡器中。在圆底烧瓶口插入一雾化粒径1~10µm的超声波干雾喷嘴与雾化器连接。设置频率60kHZ~65kHZ,在额定功率400w作用下,开启超声波反应。在振荡开始后,向烧瓶里的固体喷入雾状二硫化碳。当雾气浓厚时,间歇一段时间,持续二硫化碳喷雾,观察反应物固体的颜色变化。当固体反应物颜色完全变为橙红色时,停止喷入二硫化碳。继续振荡5分钟。停止反应,取出产物。用乙醇洗去过量的二硫化碳,用蒸馏水洗去硫氢化钠,得红色粉状固体。干燥后称重6.6克,收率90.5%。测其熔点为155℃。
对产物3-对氯苯基-5-对氯苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮进行元素分析,Perkin-Elmer 1400C型元素分析仪。所得数据为:化学式C16H8N4S2Cl2,H:2.224% ,C:45.09%,N:15.03% ,S:17.18%(实验值);H:2.180%, C:45.78 %,N:15.26%,S:17.44%.(理论值)。看出产物的分析数值与理论值基本一致。
对产物3-对氯苯基-5-对氯苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮作了红外谱图分析,Nicolet 170SX傅里叶红外光谱仪(KBr做压片)。所得红外分析数据为υmax,cm-1 :3132,1619,1581,1399,1342,1227, 826,825,666。其红外光谱图如图3所示,经核对,与标准图谱一致。
实施例4
准确称取4,4’- 二对硝基双硫腙6.9克(0.02mol),乙醇钠1.8g(0.026mol),在研钵中充分混匀后转入圆底烧瓶中,将其固定在超声波振荡器中。在圆底烧瓶口插入一雾化粒径1~10µm的超声波干雾喷嘴与雾化器连接。设置频率60kHZ~65kHZ,在额定功率400w作用下,开启超声波反应。
在振荡开始后,向烧瓶里的固体喷入雾状二硫化碳。当雾气浓厚时,间歇一段时间,持续二硫化碳喷雾,观察反应物固体的颜色变化。当固体反应物颜色完全变为橙红色时,停止喷入二硫化碳。继续振荡5分钟。停止反应,取出产物。用乙醇洗去过量的二硫化碳,用蒸馏水洗去硫氢化钠,得橙红色固体。干燥后称重6.93克,收率89.5%。测其熔点为152℃。
对产物3-对硝基苯基-5-对硝基苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮进行元素分析,Perkin-Elmer 1400C型元素分析仪。所得数据为:化学式C14H8N6S2O4,H:2.103% ,C:42.65% ,N:21.33% ,S:16.25%(实验值);H:2.062%, C:43.30 %,N:21.65%,S:16.49%.(理论值)。看出产物的分析数值与理论值基本一致。
对产物3-对硝基苯基-5-对硝基苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮作了红外谱图分析,Nicolet 170SX傅里叶红外光谱仪(KBr做压片)。所得红外分析数据为υmax,cm-1 :3127,1605, 1536,1473,1400,1342, 1321,1257,837, 743,697。其红外光谱图如图4所示,经核对,与标准图谱一致。
实施例5
准确称取4,4’- 二对溴基双硫腙8.3克(0.02mol),乙醇钠1.8g(0.026mol),在研钵中充分混匀后转入圆底烧瓶中,将其固定在超声波振荡器中。在圆底烧瓶口插入一雾化粒径1~10µm的超声波干雾喷嘴与雾化器连接。设置频率60kHZ~65kHZ,在额定功率400w作用下,开启超声波反应。在振荡开始后,向烧瓶里的固体喷入雾状二硫化碳。当雾气浓厚时,间歇一段时间,持续二硫化碳喷雾,观察反应物固体的颜色变化。当固体反应物颜色完全变为橙红色时,停止喷入二硫化碳。继续振荡5分钟。停止反应,取出产物。用乙醇洗去过量的二硫化碳,用蒸馏水洗去硫氢化钠,得橙色固体。干燥后称重8.3克,收率90.5%。测其熔点为181℃。
对产物3-对溴基苯基-5-对溴基苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮进行元素分析,Perkin-Elmer 1400C型元素分析仪。所得数据为:化学式C14H8N4S2Br2,H:1.789% ,C:36.29% ,N:12.10% ,S:13.83%(实验值);H:1.754%, C:36.84 %,N:12.28%,S:14.04%.(理论值)。看出产物的分析数值与理论值基本一致。
对产物3-对溴基苯基-5-对溴基苯偶氮基-[1,3,4] -噻二唑-2-硫酮作了红外谱图分析,Nicolet 170SX傅里叶红外光谱仪(KBr做压片)。所得红外分析数据为υmax,cm-1 :3166,1593,1541,1399,1334,1226, 1055, 822,666。其红外光谱图如图5所示,经核对,与标准图谱一致。
Claims (3)
1.一种超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按摩尔比1:1.2~1:1.4称取4,4’-二取代基双硫腙和乙醇钠,充分混匀后转入圆底烧瓶中,将其固定在超声波振荡器中;在圆底烧瓶口插入一雾化粒径1~10µm的超声波干雾喷嘴与雾化器连接;
步骤二:开启超声波反应,在振荡开始后,向圆底烧瓶里的固体喷入雾状二硫化碳,观察反应物固体的颜色变化,当固体反应物颜色完全变为橙红色时,停止喷入二硫化碳,继续振荡5分钟,停止反应;
步骤三:取步骤二所得反应产物,用乙醇洗去过量的二硫化碳和乙醇钠,再用蒸馏水洗去硫氢化钠,得橙红色固体,即为目标产物;
其过程的化学反应式为:
2.如权利要求1所述的超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中超声波反应设置频率为60kHZ~65kHZ,额定功率400w。
3.如权利要求1所述的超声波无溶剂合成噻二唑类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述4,4’-二取代基双硫腙和乙醇钠的摩尔比为1:1.3。
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