CN107670657A - 一种Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910003107 Zn2SnO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrachloride;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂及其制备方法。将Zn(NO3)2·6H2O加入到去离子水得A溶液;将SnCl4·5H2O加入到去离子水中得B溶液;再将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中混合搅拌得C液,之后,加入柠檬酸作为添加剂;最后向混合溶液中加入NaOH溶液调节溶液pH至7.5‑8.5,搅拌均匀得反应前驱液,采用微波水热法制备出Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的。本发明一步合成Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的,其流程简易,操作简单,反应时间短,反应条件温和,且具有高的光催化活性和良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料领域,具体涉及一种Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,环境污染越来越严重,尤其是空气污染和水污染,已经影响到了人类的正常生活。迄今为止,最常用的处理污染水体的方法有以下几种,如浮选法、蒸发法、萃取法、氧化还原法、絮凝法等,虽然可以去除悬浮物和部分有机污染物,但是对于难降解的有机物,效果却非常差,而且常常会造成二次污染。与上述方法相比,半导体光催化技术可以将有机物彻底降解成无毒的无机小分子,效果良好,并且以太阳光为驱动力成本低廉,具有明显的优势,因此半导体光催化是一种非常有潜力的污水处理技术。
Zn2SnO4作为一种新型的可见光催化剂引起了科研工作者的广泛关注,许多科学家将其应用于降解有机染料,以达到治理水体污染目的。大量研究表明,光催化剂的光催化性能与材料自身的晶体结构、比表面积、晶粒尺寸和颗粒形貌等有很大关系。颗粒细小、比表面积大的粉体往往光催化活性比较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂及其制备方法,该方法操作简单,反应时间短,反应条件温和,制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂在紫外光照射下具有较高的降解速率。
为达到上述目的,本发明的制备方法为:Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:取0.002mol的Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得A溶液;
步骤2:取0.0015-0.0025mol的SnCl4·5H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得B溶液;
步骤3:将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中,得到Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和SnCl4·5H2O的混合溶液,向混合溶液中加入柠檬酸磁力搅拌得含有柠檬酸的C溶液;
步骤4:向C溶液中加入NaOH溶液调节pH值为7.5-8.5,磁力搅拌得反应前驱液;
步骤5:将反应前驱液加入微波水热反应釜中,将微波水热反应釜置于微波辅助水热合成仪中,在300W的微波功率下,10min从室温升温至150-220℃反应;
步骤6:待反应结束后,自然冷却至70℃,取出微波水热反应釜中的沉淀物,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤,最后在80℃下恒温干燥得Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。
所述的步骤3)C溶液中柠檬酸的浓度为0.03-0.045g/mL。
所述的步骤4)中所加入的NaOH溶液的浓度为1mol/L。
所述的步骤5)微波水热反应釜的填充比为40-70%。
按以上制备方法制成的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂中Zn2SnO4为不规则球状,外面包裹无定形C,形成了C包裹Zn2SnO材料,即Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂,且光催化剂平均34nm颗粒堆积形成团聚体,团聚间有连通孔。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明以六水合硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)为锌源,五水合四氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O)为锡源,柠檬酸为添加剂,使用NaOH溶液调节pH值,通过微波水热法一步制备出Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。其流程简易,操作简单,反应时间短,反应条件温和,合成的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂有高的光催化活性和良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的XRD图,其中a、b、c分别为实施例1、2、3制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的XRD图。
图2是本发明实施例2制备得到的Zn2SnO4粉体的SEM图。
图3是实施例1制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的FT-IR图。
图4是本发明制备的Zn2SnO4粉体降解罗丹明B的降解率-时间曲线,其中a-e分别为实施例1-实施例5制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂降解罗丹明B的降解率-时间曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
步骤1:取0.002mol的Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得A溶液;
步骤2:取0.0015mol的SnCl4·5H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得B溶液;
步骤3:将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中,得到Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和SnCl4·5H2O的混合溶液,向混合溶液中加入柠檬酸磁力搅拌得含柠檬酸浓度为0.03g/mL的C溶液;
步骤4:向C溶液中加入浓度为1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH值为7.5磁力搅拌得反应前驱液;
步骤5:按60%的填充比将反应前驱液加入微波水热反应釜中,将微波水热反应釜置于微波辅助水热合成仪中,在300W的微波功率下,10min从室温升温至190℃反应;
步骤6:待反应结束后,自然冷却至70℃,取出微波水热反应釜中的沉淀物,用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,最后在80℃下恒温干燥得Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。
实施例2:
步骤1:取0.002mol的Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得A溶液;
步骤2:取0.002mol的SnCl4·5H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得B溶液;
步骤3:将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中,得到Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和SnCl4·5H2O的混合溶液,向混合溶液中加入柠檬酸磁力搅拌得含柠檬酸浓度为0.04g/mL的C溶液;
步骤4:向C溶液中加入浓度为1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH值为8.0磁力搅拌得反应前驱液;
步骤5:按50%的填充比将反应前驱液加入微波水热反应釜中,将微波水热反应釜置于微波辅助水热合成仪中,在300W的微波功率下,10min从室温升温至150℃反应;
步骤6:待反应结束后,自然冷却至70℃,取出微波水热反应釜中的沉淀物,用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,最后在80℃下恒温干燥得Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。
实施例3:
步骤1:取0.002mol的Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得A溶液;
步骤2:取0.0025mol的SnCl4·5H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得B溶液;
步骤3:将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中,得到Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和SnCl4·5H2O的混合溶液,向混合溶液中加入柠檬酸磁力搅拌得含柠檬酸浓度为0.045g/mL的C溶液;
步骤4:向C溶液中加入浓度为1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH值为8.5磁力搅拌得反应前驱液;
步骤5:按70%的填充比将反应前驱液加入微波水热反应釜中,将微波水热反应釜置于微波辅助水热合成仪中,在300W的微波功率下,10min从室温升温至220℃反应;
步骤6:待反应结束后,自然冷却至70℃,取出微波水热反应釜中的沉淀物,用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,最后在80℃下恒温干燥得Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。
实施例4:
步骤1:取0.002mol的Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得A溶液;
步骤2:取0.0018mol的SnCl4·5H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得B溶液;
步骤3:将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中,得到Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和SnCl4·5H2O的混合溶液,向混合溶液中加入柠檬酸磁力搅拌得含柠檬酸浓度为0.035g/mL的C溶液;
步骤4:向C溶液中加入浓度为1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH值为7.5磁力搅拌得反应前驱液;
步骤5:按40%的填充比将反应前驱液加入微波水热反应釜中,将微波水热反应釜置于微波辅助水热合成仪中,在300W的微波功率下,10min从室温升温至200℃反应;
步骤6:待反应结束后,自然冷却至70℃,取出微波水热反应釜中的沉淀物,用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,最后在80℃下恒温干燥得Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。
实施例5:
步骤1:取0.002mol的Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得A溶液;
步骤2:取0.0023mol的SnCl4·5H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得B溶液;
步骤3:将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中,得到Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和SnCl4·5H2O的混合溶液,向混合溶液中加入柠檬酸磁力搅拌得含柠檬酸浓度为0.045g/mL的C溶液;
步骤4:向C溶液中加入浓度为1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH值为8.5磁力搅拌得反应前驱液;
步骤5:按60%的填充比将反应前驱液加入微波水热反应釜中,将微波水热反应釜置于微波辅助水热合成仪中,在300W的微波功率下,10min从室温升温至210℃反应;
步骤6:待反应结束后,自然冷却至70℃,取出微波水热反应釜中的沉淀物,用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,最后在80℃下恒温干燥得Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。
图1是本发明制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的XRD图,图中a、b、c分别为实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制备的粉体的XRD图。衍射角2θ=29°、34°、55°左右的衍射峰分别对应立方晶系、尖晶石结构Zn2SnO4(JCPDF No.24-1470)的(220)、(311)、(511)晶面,宽化的馒头峰表明Zn2SnO4被由柠檬酸生成的C包裹。
图2是实施例2制备得到的Zn2SnO4粉体的SEM图,从图中可以看出,Zn2SnO4为不规则球状颗粒,存在一定的团聚现象,颗粒间堆积形成连通孔结构,平均颗粒尺寸约为34nm。
图3是实施例1制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的FT-IR图,1092cm-1、1250cm-1处的吸收峰为C-O键的吸收峰,1396cm-1处的吸收峰为O-H键的吸收峰,1581cm-1处的吸收峰为C=C键的吸收峰,544cm-1处的吸收峰为Zn2SnO4中[ZnO4]四面体的吸收峰,表明粉体中有C存在。
图4是本发明制备的Zn2SnO4粉体降解罗丹明B的降解率-时间曲线,其中a-e分别为实施例1-实施例5制备的粉体的降解曲线。图4中纵坐标的C/C0为某时刻罗丹明B降解后的浓度与其初始浓度的比值。从图中可以看出,采用微波水热法制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂剂具有较高的降解活性,实施例1制备的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂在紫外光照射5min后,对罗丹明B的降解率达到80%以上。
Claims (5)
1.一种Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:取0.002mol的Zn(NO3)2·6H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得A溶液;
步骤2:取0.0015-0.0025mol的SnCl4·5H2O溶解到20mL去离子水中磁力搅拌得B溶液;
步骤3:将B溶液缓慢加入到A溶液中,得到Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和SnCl4·5H2O的混合溶液,向混合溶液中加入柠檬酸磁力搅拌得含有柠檬酸的C溶液;
步骤4:向C溶液中加入NaOH溶液调节pH值为7.5-8.5,磁力搅拌得反应前驱液;
步骤5:将反应前驱液加入微波水热反应釜中,将微波水热反应釜置于微波辅助水热合成仪中,在300W的微波功率下,10min从室温升温至150-220℃反应;
步骤6:待反应结束后,自然冷却至70℃,取出微波水热反应釜中的沉淀物,用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤,最后在80℃下恒温干燥得Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤3)C溶液中柠檬酸的浓度为0.03-0.045g/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤4)中所加入的NaOH溶液的浓度为1mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤5)微波水热反应釜的填充比为40-70%。
5.一种如权利要求1所述制备方法制成的Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂,其特征在于:Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂中Zn2SnO4为不规则球状,外面包裹无定形C,形成了C包裹Zn2SnO4材料,即Zn2SnO4@C光催化剂,且光催化剂平均34nm颗粒堆积形成团聚体,团聚间有连通孔。
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