CN107664463A - 纯无纬布防刺服的制备 - Google Patents

纯无纬布防刺服的制备 Download PDF

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CN107664463A
CN107664463A CN201711076071.XA CN201711076071A CN107664463A CN 107664463 A CN107664463 A CN 107664463A CN 201711076071 A CN201711076071 A CN 201711076071A CN 107664463 A CN107664463 A CN 107664463A
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laminated cloth
stab
fiber
resistance body
body armor
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虎龙
艾青松
陈虹
许冬梅
刘元坤
吴中伟
方心灵
潘智勇
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Beijing Aerospace Rate Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Co Ltd
Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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Beijing Aerospace Rate Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Co Ltd
Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/58—Cuttability
    • B32B2307/581—Resistant to cut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及个体防护领域，提供了一种纯无纬布防刺服的制备方法。本发明所述的防刺服由纤维经过十字层叠技术织造的纯无纬布制备而成，其中，纯无纬布的织造需要纤维浸胶粘合，经特殊压制工艺制备而成。本发明所述纯无纬布面密度为。采用本发明所提供的纯无纬布制备的防刺服，改变了以往人们对防刺服不能由无纬布制备的认知，大大拓宽了防刺服制备选用原材料的范围，所述纯无纬布防刺服具有较大的柔软度，质量较轻，人员穿着舒适性较高，较大程度提高了穿着人员的灵活性和作战机动性。

Description

纯无纬布防刺服的制备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种个体防护产品，尤其涉及一种纯无纬布防刺服的制备
背景技术
对于枪械严格管控的国家及国际社会，刀具，锐器等器具成为了造成人员伤亡的主要工具，而防刺服能够抵御来自匕首、针、刺刀及尖锐物体的袭击，因此，随着科学技术的高速发展和人们自我保护意识的不断提高，防刺服的需求量也在不断增加。防刺服主要经历过硬质、半硬质和软质三个阶段。现今社会防刺服产品以半硬质产品为主，其穿着舒适性和灵活性较差，而舒适性较高、柔软度较大的防刺服产品的出现对于市场而言是一重大突破。
目前国内防刺服产品多以浸胶机织布为主，这种产品选用胶黏剂主要为环氧树脂等，所以此类产品的柔软度较差，高温环境下穿着极易引起穿着人员出现头晕、胸闷等现象。而人们普遍认为柔软度较好的纯无纬布无法制备性能优良的防刺服产品，所以截止目前为止，国内没有一款以纯无纬布制备的防刺服产品。此类产品的研制，其主要难点在于胶黏剂的配置和压制工艺的处理，严格把控工艺管理，可使纯无纬布防刺服相比其他产品克服以往防刺服厚重、不舒适的缺陷，具有质量轻，厚度薄、柔软，能在穿着面的任意方向进行弯折等特点。
发明内容
针对上述此类产品出现的缺陷，本发明提供一种纯无纬布防刺服的制备方法，用来克服现有产品由于胶黏剂等材料引起的质量大、舒适性较差等缺陷。
本发明提供一种纯无纬布防刺服，包括服装外套和外套内置防刺材料，所述防刺材料包括防刺芯片和缓冲材料；
所述防刺材料由纯无纬布压制成型，所述纯无纬布由纤维浸胶后十字层叠织造而成。
本发明的防刺服主要是通过防刺芯片发挥防刺效果，其中防刺芯片的制造过程分为三个步骤，首先将所用纤维通过浸胶后运用十字层叠织造技术制备出无纬布，然后无纬布在一定压力下通过高温压制一定时间后进行冷压，多层压制后的无纬布层叠组合即可得到防刺芯片。
本发明的防刺服所用纯无纬布，由纤维经十字层叠后经过特殊压制工艺制备而成。其中纤维束之间和叠层之间由胶黏剂粘合处理。其特征在于，纯无纬布是由纤维浸胶后经十字层叠技术织造而成，单层无纬布面密度可控制在190-250g/m2之间。所述芳纶纤维和聚芳酯纤维的强度至少为10cN/dtex，模量至少为500cN/dtex。
本发明的防刺服所用纯无纬布的应用，需经特殊压制工艺处理，其中压力成型机有热压和冷压两个工艺，热压温度为120-180℃，压力为2.5-20MPa，时间为10-30min；冷压温度为10-30℃，压力为2.5-20MPa，时间为5-10min。
本发明的防刺服所用纯无纬布所用纤维为芳纶纤维和聚芳酯纤维中的一种或两种。单层无纬布织造过程所用胶黏剂为水性酚醛、水性环氧和交联剂按照比例混合而成，其混合比例为1∶0.05-0.15，固含量为30％-50％。
本发明的防刺服所用纯无纬布由纤维和胶黏剂两部分组成，其中单层无纬布纤维占比为60-80％，相应胶黏剂占比为20-40％。
本发明的防刺服所用纯无纬布的层数具体的由防护标准决定。例如：中华人名共和国公安部发布的警用防刺服标准，满足24J能量防护时，需要32层。满足国外18J能量防护要求时，只需要20层，其中背称的缓冲材料可选用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物等。
本发明设计的纯无纬布防刺服的制备方法步骤具体如下：
1)将特定纤维丝浸入到配制好的胶黏剂中后，进行单一维度织造，待胶黏剂固化后，将单层纤维布旋转90°作为底层在其上层按照前述步骤进行十字层叠织造，织造完成后，进行高温烘干固化得到纯无纬布。
2)按照要求版型将纯无纬布裁切后进行压力成型机压制工序。压力成型机分为高温压制和低温压制。其中热压温度为120-180℃，压力为2.5-20MPa，时间为10-30min；冷压温度为10-30℃，压力为2.5-20MPa，时间为5-10min。
3)压制后的纯无纬布根据防护要求，按照十字层叠的方式进行层数叠加，叠加好的无纬布贴身面加一层缓冲材料后，用热合布按照版型要求热合处理，即可得到防刺服所用防刺芯片。
4)将防刺芯片放置到到外套的前胸和后背部位，其中有缓冲材料一面贴身，无纬布一面朝外，当有刀具等锐器伤害时，防刺芯片可很好的阻挡器械伤害，缓冲层对冲击力的缓冲可很好的保护人体不被伤害。
步骤1所述胶黏剂的配制所用胶黏剂为水性酚醛、水性环氧和交联剂按照比例混合而成，其混合比例为1∶0.05-0.15，固含量可控制在30％-50％。所述芳纶纤维和聚芳酯纤维的强度至少为10cN/dtex，模量至少为500cN/dtex。单层无纬布面密度可控制在190-250g/m2之间。
步骤2所述压制成型过程，将纯无纬布先按照要求进行热压处理，其中压制所用的薄膜为特定薄膜，当热压结束后快速无间隔的放入到冷压机中压制处理，压制成型后的纯无纬布的性能会进一步提升。
步骤3中按照要求将无纬布按照十字层叠的方式进行层数叠加，其中热合过程可根据要求选用不同强度的热合布，热合得到俄防刺芯片必须满足密封、防水、不透光的要求。
步骤4所述外套的制作是根据不同要求制作不同版型，缓冲层必须处于贴身面，无纬布处于外侧，这样对人体的保护作用才能发挥到极致。本发明设计的防刺服的制造过程工艺操作简单易行，便于生产制造，而且制造的防刺服相比于市场的主流产品柔软度极大提升，质量相对较轻，性能优良，对于穿着人员的行动灵活性和作战机动性有极大地提升。
具体实施方式：
为更直观的表现本发明纯无纬布防刺服的性能和技术特点，现将对本发明的实施例中的操作过程进而技术方案进行详细的描述和性能表征。实施案例是根据同一标准做的对比实施案例，并不能完全代表此发明设计的纯无纬布防刺服。
下述实施例中所用纤维和胶黏剂具体规格参数如下：
纤维：芳纶纤维，采用日本帝人公司的Type-2040型，线密度为1680dtex，纤维直径为9-12μm。
胶黏剂：胶黏剂选用不同固含量的水性酚醛、水性环氧和交联剂，阳光汇德。
本发明设计的纯无纬布防刺服测试标准为中华人民共和国公安部发布的GA68-2008《警用防刺服》标准。要求防护能量为24J。
实施例1：
本实施例的操作步骤如下：
1)将水性酚醛配制到固含量为35％，按照5％比例加入交联剂混合均匀，将配置好的胶黏剂加入到辊筒织布机的胶盒中用于纤维浸胶，芳纶纤维经胶盒浸胶后按照单一维度织造后70℃烘干，烘干后的单层布旋转90°固定在辊筒上进行十字层叠织造，烘干后得到纯芳纶无纬布。
2)将得到的纯芳纶无纬布按照KL-1版型裁切成面积为0.15m2的版型，将无纬布用特定薄膜进行单层隔离夹膜后放入热压机中压制，热压温度为170℃，压力为20MPa，时间为20min；热压结束后快速放入冷压压机中压制，冷压温度为20℃，压力为5MPa，时间为5min。
3)根据公安部警用防刺服要求的24J能量防护要求，将压制好的芳纶无纬布按照0-90°的层叠方式叠加到32层，在贴身面加一层EVA作为缓冲层。
4)用粘结力为100N的热合布按照KL-1版型将层叠好的无纬布热合处理得到防刺服芯片，将芯片放入到防刺服外套当中以备后续测试使用。
后续测试结果见表1。
实施例2：
本实施例的操作步骤如下：
1)将水性酚醛配制到固含量为40％，按照5％比例加入交联剂混合均匀，将配置好的胶黏剂加入到辊筒织布机的胶盒中用于纤维浸胶，芳纶纤维经胶盒浸胶后按照单一维度织造后70℃烘干，烘干后的单层布旋转90°固定在辊筒上进行十字层叠织造，烘干后得到纯芳纶无纬布。
2)将得到的纯芳纶无纬布按照KL-1版型裁切成面积为0.15m2的版型，将无纬布用特定薄膜进行单层隔离夹膜后放入热压机中压制，热压温度为160℃，压力为10MPa，时间为15min；热压结束后快速放入冷压压机中压制，冷压温度为30℃，压力为5MPa，时间为5min。
3)根据公安部警用防刺服要求的24J能量防护要求，将压制好的芳纶无纬布按照0-90°的层叠方式叠加到32层，在贴身面加一层EVA作为缓冲层。
4)用粘结力为100N的热合布按照KL-1版型将层叠好的无纬布热合处理得到防刺服芯片，将芯片放入到防刺服外套当中以备后续测试使用。
后续测试结果见表1。
实施例3：
本实施例的操作步骤如下：
1)将水性酚醛配制到固含量为35％，按照10％比例加入交联剂混合均匀，将配置好的胶黏剂加入到辊筒织布机的胶盒中用于纤维浸胶，芳纶纤维经胶盒浸胶后按照单一维度织造后70℃烘干，烘干后的单层布旋转90°固定在辊筒上进行十字层叠织造，烘干后得到纯芳纶无纬布。
2)将得到的纯芳纶无纬布按照KL-1版型裁切成面积为0.15m2的版型，将无纬布用特定薄膜进行单层隔离夹膜后放入热压机中压制，热压温度为170℃，压力为20MPa，时间为20min；热压结束后快速放入冷压压机中压制，冷压温度为20℃，压力为5MPa，时间为5min。
3)根据公安部警用防刺服要求的24J能量防护要求，将压制好的芳纶无纬布按照0-90°的层叠方式叠加到32层，在贴身面加一层EVA作为缓冲层。
4)用粘结力为100N的热合布按照KL-1版型将层叠好的无纬布热合处理得到防刺服芯片，将芯片放入到防刺服外套当中以备后续测试使用。
后续测试结果见表1。
实施例4：
本实施例的操作步骤如下：
1)将水性环氧配制到固含量为35％，按照5％比例加入交联剂混合均匀，将配置好的胶黏剂加入到辊筒织布机的胶盒中用于纤维浸胶，芳纶纤维经胶盒浸胶后按照单一维度织造后70℃烘干，烘干后的单层布旋转90°固定在辊筒上进行十字层叠织造，烘干后得到纯芳纶无纬布。
2)将得到的纯芳纶无纬布按照KL-1版型裁切成面积为0.15m2的版型，将无纬布用特定薄膜进行单层隔离夹膜后放入热压机中压制，热压温度为170℃，压力为20MPa，时间为20min；热压结束后快速放入冷压压机中压制，冷压温度为20℃，压力为5MPa，时间为5min。
3)根据公安部警用防刺服要求的24J能量防护要求，将压制好的芳纶无纬布按照0-90°的层叠方式叠加到32层，在贴身面加一层EVA作为缓冲层。用粘结力为100N的热合布按照KL-1版型将层叠好的无纬布热合处理得到防刺服芯片，将芯片放入到防刺服外套当中以备后续测试使用。
后续测试结果见表1。
表1防刺性能测试数据如下：
由以上实施例的测试结果可知，本发明设计的纯无纬布防刺服的制作工艺较为简单易行，且制备技术要求较低，可很大程度上提升现有防刺服的柔软性，防刺性能优良，可很好满足专业要求和人员防护需求。最后说明以上实施例只能表明本发明纯无纬布防刺服的性能优秀，并不能完全代表本发明纯无纬布防刺服，具体工艺技术要求具有可替换性，而相似替换和变更依然不能脱离本发明实施例的范围。

Claims (5)

1.单层无纬布，由纤维经十字层叠后经过特殊压制工艺制备而成。其中纤维束之间和叠层之间由胶黏剂粘合处理。其特征在于，纯无纬布是由纤维浸胶后经十字层叠技术织造而成，单层无纬布面密度可控制在190-250g/m2之间。所述芳纶纤维和聚芳酯纤维的强度至少为10cN/dtex，模量至少为500cN/dtex。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单层无纬布，其特征在于，单层无纬布的应用，需经特殊压制工艺处理，其中压力成型机有热压和冷压两个工艺，热压温度为120-180℃，压力为2.5-20MPa，时间为10-30min；冷压温度为10-30℃，压力为2.5-20MPa，时间为5-10min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单层无纬布，其特征在于，单层无纬布织造过程所用胶黏剂为水性酚醛、水性环氧和交联剂按照比例混合而成，其混合比例为1∶0.05-0.15，固含量为30％-50％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单层无纬布，其特征在于，所述无纬布所用纤维为芳纶纤维和聚芳酯纤维中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单层无纬布，其特征在于，无纬布由纤维和胶黏剂两部分组成，其中单层无纬布纤维占比为60-80％，相应胶黏剂占比为20-40％。
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