CN107661287B - 地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统的制备 - Google Patents
地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统的制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统,包括以下成份,其重量百分组成为:油相:0.05%‑0.25%;表面活性剂:0.45%‑0.65%;助表面活性剂:0.1%‑0.3%;余量为主料地榆皂苷。本发明首次建立了地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统,工艺合理可行,质量稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及自乳化药物传递系统,尤其涉及一种地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统的制备。
背景技术
放化疗作为肿瘤治疗的主要手段,其存在骨髓抑制等严重毒副作用。常常导致患者外周血细胞数量减少,免疫功能降低。提高肿瘤患者对放化疗药物的耐受程度,降低骨髓抑制带来的“二次癌症”的风险,成为放化疗过程中亟需解决的问题。目前上市销售的地榆升白片是以单味地榆为原料研制的成方制剂,对放化疗引起的外周血白细胞数量减少有显著抑制作用,但该品种存在很多制约其临床应用和发展的问题,如物质基础和作用机理不明确、药代动力学参数缺失、起效缓慢、药效强度受剂量的限制60 mg为日服极量、质量标准低等严重问题,使得该品种无法跻身临床一线品种,未能作为骨髓抑制的重磅药物。因此,对该品种进行制剂改造和创新开发,才能挖掘地榆的最佳药效潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足,从而提供一种地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统的制备,
一种地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统,包括以下成份,其重量百分组成为:
油相:0.05%-0.25%;
表面活性剂:0.45%-0.65%;
助表面活性剂:0.1%-0.3%;余量为主料地榆皂苷。
所述地榆皂苷的制备方法为,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:
取地榆饮片1 kg,适当粉碎后加8倍量90%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.5小时,过滤,合并两次提取液,静置放冷后,加10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-14,静置过夜,离心去沉淀,滤液抽滤得到上清液;
步骤二:
将步骤一所得上清液减压浓缩,加水至乙醇浓度19%-21%,用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至11-12,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;上清液继续用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-13,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;合并两次沉淀,于70 ℃减压至干,用无水乙醇回流45 min,过滤,收集滤液,减压回收乙醇至有固形物析出,挥干,所得固形物70 ℃减压干燥12 h,即得。
所述的油相为Labrafil M 1944CS。
所述表面活性剂为Tween-20。
所述助表面活性剂为Transcutol P。
采用上述技术方案的有益效果是:
本发明首次建立了地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统,工艺合理可行,质量稳定。
附图说明
图1为油酸-吐温20-二乙二醇单乙基醚三元相图。
图2为聚甘油油酸酯-吐温20-二乙二醇单乙基醚三元相图。
图7为地榆皂苷SEDDS透射电镜下的微观形态。
图8为地榆皂苷SEDDS和地榆皂苷原料药累积溶出度图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作进一步详细说明:
一种地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统,包括以下成份,其重量百分组成为:
油相:0.05%-0.25%;
表面活性剂:0.45%-0.65%;
助表面活性剂:0.1%-0.3%;余量为主料地榆皂苷。
所述地榆皂苷的制备方法为,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:
取地榆饮片1 kg,适当粉碎后加8倍量90%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.5小时,过滤,合并两次提取液,静置放冷后,加10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-14,静置过夜,离心去沉淀,滤液抽滤得到上清液;
步骤二:
将步骤一所得上清液减压浓缩,加水至乙醇浓度19%-21%,用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至11-12,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;上清液继续用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-13,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;合并两次沉淀,于70 ℃减压至干,用无水乙醇回流45 min,过滤,收集滤液,减压回收乙醇至有固形物析出,挥干,所得固形物70 ℃减压干燥12 h,即得。
所述的油相为Labrafil M 1944CS。
所述表面活性剂为Tween-20。
所述助表面活性剂为Transcutol P。
地榆皂苷是地榆升高白细胞的主要有效成分,主要包括地榆皂苷I和地榆皂苷Ⅱ两种有效活性成分[2]。前期研究已证实,地榆皂苷通过促进小鼠骨髓造血干细胞增殖,增加骨髓抑制小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞和血小板的数量,降低抗癌药物所致骨髓抑制的毒副作用。此外,地榆皂苷还能单独或协同细胞因子对血细胞增殖起促进作用,该作用与上调血小板生成素受体的表达有关[3-6]。然而地榆皂苷难溶于水,这成为限制其口服生物利用度的主要因素。
自乳化药物传递系统(SEDDS)是由油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂和其所载的药物组成的透明均匀的溶液,在正常胃肠道蠕动或环境温度37 ℃时轻微搅拌可自发乳化成粒径为500 nm左右的水包油型乳剂[7]。主要用于提高水难溶性或脂溶性药物的溶解度和口服生物利用度[8]。本课题旨在利用SEDDS提高地榆皂苷的溶解度,为地榆皂苷新型口服制剂的研究与开发奠定基础。
1 仪器与材料
Agilent1260 高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦科技有限公司);ZRS-8GD 智能溶出度测试仪(天津市天大天发科技有限公司); H -7650 型透射电镜(日立公司); 90Plus PALS 激光粒度仪(美国布鲁克海文仪器公司);ME204E 电子天平(梅特勒-托利多仪器上海有限公司);1-2型恒温磁力搅拌器(上海司乐仪器有限公司);地榆皂苷(实验室自制);地榆皂苷I对照品(Ziyuglycoside I,批号:MUST-17022502,含量:99.47%;成都普菲德生物技术有限公司), 供含量测定用。聚甘油油酸酯(Obleique CC497)、二乙二醇单乙基醚(TranscutolP)、辛/癸酸聚乙二醇甘油酯(Labrasol)均购自法国嘉法狮公司);油酸(Oleic Acid,国药集团化学试剂有限公司);吐温-20、PEG-200、PEG-400、PEG-600均购自成都科龙化工试剂厂;乙腈(HPLC,Grade);甲醇(HPLC,Grade);纯化水,其余均为分析纯。
2方法与结果
2.1地榆皂苷的制备及含量测定方法的建立
2.1.1地榆皂苷的制备
取地榆饮片1 kg,适当粉碎后加8倍量90%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.5小时,过滤,合并两次提取液,静置放冷后,加10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-14,静置过夜,离心去沉淀,滤液抽滤得到上清液。上清液减压浓缩成至适当体积,加水适量至乙醇浓度20%左右,用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至11-12,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;上清液继续用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-13,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;合并两次沉淀,于70 ℃减压至干,用无水乙醇回流45 min,过滤,收集滤液,减压回收乙醇至有固形物析出,挥干,所得固形物70 ℃减压干燥12 h,即得。2.1.2地榆皂苷含量测定
将用“2.1.1”项下方法提取的地榆皂苷按照“2.1.2.3”色谱条件进样,测得含量为97.06%。
2.1.2.1对照品溶液的配制
精密称定地榆皂苷I对照品6.08 mg,置于5 ml容量瓶中,加入适量甲醇,超声使之溶解,放冷至室温后,定容。即得浓度约为1216 μg/mL的地榆皂苷I对照品溶液。用0.22 μm滤膜滤过备用。
2.1.2.2供试品溶液的配制
精密称定地榆皂苷粉末5.02 mg,置于5 ml容量瓶中,加入适量甲醇,超声使之溶解,放冷后至室温后,定容。即得浓度约为1004 μg/mL 的地榆皂苷供试品溶液。用0.22 μm滤膜滤过备用。
2.1.2.3色谱条件
色谱柱为Unitary C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(32∶68),流速:1 ml·min-1,柱温30 ℃,检测波长203 nm,进样量10 μl;理论塔板数按地榆皂苷 I 峰计不低于3000。
2.2 线性关系考察
称取6.08mg地榆皂苷I对照品到5ml容量瓶,制成1.216 mg/ml对照品溶液,依次逐级稀释成系列浓度的对照品溶液,其中每1mL含地榆皂苷I 38.0、76.0、152.0、304.0、608.0、1216.0 μg。按“2.1.2.3”项下色谱条件,进样量为10 μL。以峰面积为纵坐标(y),进样量为横坐标(X)进行线性回归,得回归方程: y=2738.9x-82.987,r=0.9994。结果表明,地榆皂苷I在38.0-1216.0 μg与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。
2.3 SEDDS处方的优化与制备
2.3.1 辅料的筛选 称取2 g不同种类的油、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂于5 ml离心管中,加入过量地榆皂苷原料药,并记录原料药加入量,涡旋混匀,置于恒温振荡箱中,在37 ℃、150 r•min-1条件下振荡72 h,取出,8000 r•min-1离心8 min,取适量上清加甲醇稀释定容,0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过,按“2.1.2.3”项下色谱条件进样,进样量为10 μL。根据峰面积计算地榆皂苷在各种辅料中的溶解度,结果见表1。由表1可知,辅料Obleique CC497、Oleic Acid、Tween-20和Transcutol P对地榆皂苷增溶效果好。
表1地榆皂苷在各辅料中的溶解度结果(单位:mg·g-1)
2.3.2 三元相图的绘制
分别以Obleique CC497和Oleic Acid为油相,Tween-20为表面活性剂,Transcutol P为助表面活性剂,通过三元相图中成乳区域面积的大小比较两种油相对地榆皂苷的增溶效果。固定助表面活性剂浓度为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%,每个浓度对应表面活性剂的浓度为30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%,按照处方辅料为100%剩下的为油相浓度。按此浓度比例称取各种辅料,涡旋混匀后取空白乳剂加入到200 ml蒸馏水中,置磁力搅拌器上恒速搅拌,计时2 min。根据溶液的澄明度和乳化时间(微泛蓝光,澄清透明,并在2 min内迅速乳化的为自乳化区,呈浑浊状乳白色或混合前即分层的为非乳化区)确定自乳化区。分别以油相(Obleique CC497和Oleic Acid)、表面活性剂(Tween-20)、助表面活性剂(Transcutol P)为顶点绘制三元相图,结果见图1。
2.3.3 D-最优混料实验设计优化最优处方 通过绘制三元相图,选择成乳区域面积大的为处方辅料,以Obleique CC497(油相)的质量(X 1 )、Tween-20(表面活性剂)的质量(X 2 )、Transcutol P(助表面活性剂)的质量(X 3 )的比例为考察因素,以地榆皂苷的载药量(Y 1 )、粒径(Y 2 )为评价指标,采用Design Expert 8.0统计软件进行D-最优混料实验设计,见表2,并按照表2所示比例称取油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,涡旋混匀,加入过量的地榆皂苷粉末,涡旋混匀,置于恒温振荡箱,于37 ℃、150 r•min-1条件下振荡72 h,取出,8000r•min-1离心8 min,取适量上清加甲醇稀释定容,0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过。按“2.1.2.3”项下色谱条件进样,进样量为10 μL,记录峰面积并计算载药量。同时用激光粒度及Zeta电位分析仪测定乳化后的粒径和多分散系数。
表2 D-最优混料实验设计及结果
2.3.3 数据分析及SEDDS处方优化
应用Design Expert 8.0设计软件以4种数学模型对结果进行回归拟合与分析,以回归模型的标准方差、复相关系数、预测复相关系数、和调整相关系数为综合指标,判断并选取4种数学模型中最佳的回归模型,结果见表3,2个响应值的复相关系数皆较高,表明回归模型拟合较好,回归方程的代表性良好,能够较准确地预测实际情况。
表3 实验的回归分析结果
应用Design Expert 8.0设计软件分别绘制载药量和粒径2个响应值的三维立体图,并拟合其二维等高线图,见图2。
2.3.4 优化处方的验证
D-最优混料实验设计结果优化出来的最优处方为Obleique CC497-Tween20-Transcutol P(0.15:0.55:0.20),按照该优化处方重复试验三次,得到的处方多分散系数均大于0.3,不符合该制剂的稳定性要求。通过对多分散系数的限定以及对载药量和粒径的考量,综合选出的最优处方为Obleique CC497-Tween20- Transcutol P(0.25:0.45:0.30)。
2.3.5 地榆皂苷SEDDS的制备
通过地榆皂苷在不同辅料中的饱和溶解度、处方配伍和三元相图确定自乳化区域的面积大小以及D-最优混料实验设计优化最优处方的结果综合分析,最终确定地榆皂苷SEDDS的处方组成如下:Obleique CC497- Tween20- Transcutol P(0.25:0.45:0.30)。按此比例称取0.25 g Obleique CC497、0.45 g Tweeen-20、0.30 g Transcutol P于5 ml离心管中,涡旋混匀,得到空白自乳化药物传递系统;精密称量23.93 mg地榆总皂苷加入空白乳剂中,涡旋混匀,使药物完全溶解,置于恒温振荡箱,于37 ℃、150 r•min-1条件下振荡72h,得到澄清透明的地榆皂苷SEDDS。
2.3.5 地榆皂苷SEDDS粒径、多分散系数和Zeta电位测定
取地榆皂苷SEDDS适量,加入适量蒸馏水稀释200倍,形成微泛蓝光的均一透明溶液。用激光粒度及Zeta电位分析仪测定其粒径、多分散系数和Zeta电位。地榆皂苷SEDDS的平均粒径为207.92 nm,多分散系数为0.264,Zeta电位为-38.84 mV。
2.3.6 地榆皂苷SEDDS的微观形态
取适当稀释的地榆皂苷SEDDS微乳溶液滴在火棉胶作为支持膜的铜网上,滴加2%磷钨酸溶液复染1 min 后取出,自然晾干,在透射电镜下观察地榆皂苷SEDDS的微观形态与结构,并拍摄照片。由透射电镜照片可知地榆皂苷SEDDS微乳呈大小均一的球状小体。
2.3.7 地榆皂苷SEDDS的体外释放
取一定量地榆皂苷SEDDS灌入0号胶囊中,同时取与地榆皂苷SEDDS所含药物量相同的地榆皂苷原料药作为对照。按照《中国药典》2015年版“附录XC”项下浆法规定测定溶出度。分别量取500 ml盐酸溶液作为溶出介质,水浴温度37±0.5 ℃,篮转速50±1 r•min-1,分别于10,20,30,45,60,90 ,120min七个时间点取样5 ml,之后迅速补加相同温度和体积的空白溶出介质,用0.22 um微孔滤膜过滤,按“2.1.2.3”项下色谱条件进样,进样量为10 μL。根据峰面积计算地榆皂苷SEDDS和地榆皂苷原料药中地榆皂苷的浓度,进而计算出地榆皂苷SEDDS和地榆皂苷原料药中地榆皂苷的累积溶出度。
由图3可知,与地榆皂苷原料药的溶出度相比,地榆皂苷SEDDS释药迅速,在10min的累积溶出度可高达80%以上,而地榆皂苷原料药在相同时间点的溶出度仅为12%左右,表明将地榆皂苷制备成地榆皂苷SEDDS极大地提高了药物的溶出,有利于提高地榆皂苷的生物利用度。
讨论
在确定地榆皂苷最优处方时发现,辅料比为Obleique CC497- Tween20-Transcutol P(0.25:0.45:0.30)时,粒径分布均匀,透射电镜下图片也可看出,地榆皂苷SEDDS稀释后的微乳溶液呈较规则的球状分布,形状大小相近,未见到过大的粒子。同时,有文献报道,Zeta电位的绝对值大于30 mV时,乳滴之间的静电排斥增加,可增大乳滴的胶体稳定性[9]。该处方的Zeta电位为-38.84 mV,说明地榆皂苷SEDDS相对稳定。综上可知,本研究的最优处方具有科学合理性。
在地榆皂苷SEDDS的体外释放实验中,由于5 min时地榆皂苷原料药释放缓慢,低于HPLC的检测限,所以选取了10 min作为第一个时间点,由图3可知地榆皂苷SEDDS累积溶出度明显高于地榆皂苷原料药,并不影响体外释放实验结果的判定。体外释放结果表明,地榆皂苷SEDDS显著提高了地榆皂苷的溶解度和溶出速率,课题组还将通过大鼠在体单向肠灌流实验对比研究地榆皂苷制备SEDDS前后口服肠吸收相关参数差异,并用环磷酰胺诱导小鼠骨髓抑制模型比较地榆皂苷原料药和地榆皂苷SEDDS药效差异。
新开发的药物中有40%都是难溶性的,直接口服生物利用度低,个体间和个体内的差异较大,且血药浓度无剂量依赖性[10],SEDDS作为载体应用于难溶性药物的增溶极大地解决了这一难题。SEDDS对难溶性药物的增溶作用是油相和表面活性剂共同完成的。采用新型的双亲性的油相和表面活性剂有助于提高载药量,加入一些有机溶剂作为助表面活性剂也可以提高药物的溶解度。
随着对自乳化药物传递系统的深入研究,一些新型的自乳化药物传递系统相继出现,例如黄芩苷固体自乳化药物传递系统克服了传统自乳化药物传递系统溶液剂不便携带的缺点[11];过饱和自乳化药物传递系统克服了传统自乳化药物传递系统因表面活性剂的剂量限制药物出现再沉淀的缺点[12];磷脂复合物药物传递系统为生药药剂学分类系统中的Ⅲ类药物提供了一条减慢药物释放,延长吸收时间的途径[13],克服了传统自乳化药物传递系统仅应用于生物药剂学分类系统中II类和Ⅵ类药物的局限性,具有十分广阔的发展前景。
本研究首次完成了地榆皂苷SEDDS的制备,通过载药量、粒径、多分散系数、Zeta电位、微观形态和体外释放等指标对其进行了综合评价,结果表明地榆皂苷SEDDS显著提高了地榆皂苷的溶解度和溶出速率,为地榆皂苷SEDDS进一步制备成胶囊剂或其他固体剂型奠定了一定基础。
Claims (2)
1.一种地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统,其特征在于:它由以下成份组成,其重量为:
Obleique CC497:0.25 g;
Tween-20:0.45 g;
Transcutol P:0.30 g;
地榆皂苷:23.93 mg。
2.根据权利要求1所述地榆皂苷自乳化药物传递系统,其特征在于:所述地榆皂苷的制备方法为,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:
取地榆饮片1 kg,适当粉碎后加8倍量90%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.5小时,过滤,合并两次提取液,静置放冷后,加10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-14,静置过夜,离心去沉淀,滤液抽滤得到上清液;
步骤二:
将步骤一所得上清液减压浓缩,加水至乙醇浓度19%-21%,用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至11-12,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;上清液继续用10%的NaOH溶液调PH至12-13,静置12 h,离心收集沉淀;合并两次沉淀,于70 ℃减压至干,用无水乙醇回流45 min,过滤,收集滤液,减压回收乙醇至有固形物析出,挥干,所得固形物70 ℃减压干燥12 h,即得。
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