CN107660558A - 一种水稻抗寒剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水稻抗寒剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107660558A
CN107660558A CN201710976916.4A CN201710976916A CN107660558A CN 107660558 A CN107660558 A CN 107660558A CN 201710976916 A CN201710976916 A CN 201710976916A CN 107660558 A CN107660558 A CN 107660558A
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朱东洋
王之霖
陈倩
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种水稻抗寒剂及其制备方法,属于农业技术领域。本发明通过提取披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草中的植物内源抗寒物质,复合外源物质,促进水稻生长、提高水稻抗病、抗胁迫及他感能力,提高水稻抗寒性,显著促进植株分孽、株高、地上和地下生物量的积累,提高其抗寒能力,同时通过矿物质液中的矿物离子保持细胞膜的稳定性,维持细胞膜正常功能,提高相关酶系统如过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶等来降低自由基对膜脂的氧化作用,保持细胞膜的功能,防止细胞超微结构的破坏,进而提高植物抗寒力,且能刺激植物细胞分泌过氧化物酶到细胞壁中并提高其活性,从而加强细胞壁的牢固性,防止胞外冰冻脱水引起细胞塌陷损伤。

Description

一种水稻抗寒剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水稻抗寒剂及其制备方法,属于农业技术领域。
背景技术
目前,抗寒剂没有明确的定义,从字面理解抗寒剂就是能够抵抗寒冷。所以,抗寒剂是按照功能来定义的,凡能够稳定植物细胞膜结构,在低温胁迫下,诱导其产生一系列生理生化活动,提高植物抗寒性的试剂、药品或者植物生长调节剂等,我们都可以定义其为抗寒剂,或者抗寒物质。
水稻的生长需要适宜的温度、充足的光照和水分等,其生长对环境有一定的要求。低温是水稻减产的主要环境因素,每年受低温寒害损失严重,造成巨大的经济损失。以前,预防冻害的主要措施是施放烟雾、花期喷水和树干涂白等,这些举措都治标不治本,耗时耗力,重要的是收益甚微。现在早春寒潮来的比较频繁,而且持续时间较长,使得种子萌发缓慢,发芽率也低,结果导致烂秩和弱苗。
植物抗寒剂主要是通过提高植物细胞膜结构的稳定性,使其通透性和保护系统不受寒冻破坏。具体表现在以下几个方面:缓解电解质外泄,提高叶绿素含量,可溶性糖大量积累,植物体内游离脯氨酸含量增加等。
随着农产业结构的调整,国家对农产品越來越关注,国家发改委和科技部将种子包衣处理示范工程列入当前优先发展的产业化重点领域。怎样的抗寒剂才能让植物顺利度过早春和晚秋。综合大部分研究者的实验结果,目前抗寒效果最佳的抗寒物质是ABA,但是ABA成本太高,所以寻找ABA的替代品成了研究方向。另外目前的单一的抗寒剂,抗寒效果效果较差,复合制成的抗寒剂更能满足当前的需求。所以控制成本和研究复合制剂是今后的主攻方向。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对单一的抗寒剂抗寒效果较差的问题,提供了一种水稻抗寒剂及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于,所述水稻抗寒剂由下列按重量份计的原料经混合、搅拌均匀而成:20~40份植物浓缩液,10~20份矿物质液,0.10~0.15份水杨酸,0.015~0.020份脱落酸,3.0~4.0份磷酸二氢钾,3.0~4.0份抗坏血酸,1000~1200份去离子水。
所述植物浓缩液为披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草打浆成的植物浆经闪式提取浓缩制得。
所述披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草的质量比为1:1。
所述提取过程为将植物浆与质量分数为50%乙醇溶液按质量比1:10混合后装入闪式提取器中,加热至80~90℃提取5~8min,离心分离得提取液和沉淀,将沉淀重复提取2~3次后合并提取液。
所述浓缩过程为在闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%。
所述矿物质液为剥离鸡蛋内膜的细化鸡蛋壳粉末与草木灰,经醋酸溶液浸出后浓缩至原液体积的15~20%。
所述细化鸡蛋壳粉末与草木灰的质量比为5:1~20:1。
所述醋酸溶液的质量分数为10%,用量为细化鸡蛋壳粉末质量的1.5~5.0倍。
所述的一种水稻抗寒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
(1)将披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草装入打浆机中打浆,得植物浆;
(2)将植物浆与乙醇溶液混合装入闪式提取器中提取5~8min,离心分离得提取液和沉淀;
(3)将沉淀重复提取2~3次后合并提取液,并置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%,得植物浓缩液;
(4)将鸡蛋壳水洗后浸泡再氢氧化钠溶液中20~30min,剥离鸡蛋内膜后洗涤干燥并研磨过100目筛,得细化鸡蛋壳粉末;
(5)将细化鸡蛋壳粉末、草木灰,加入醋酸溶液中混合均匀,过滤得滤液,将滤液置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%,得矿物质液;
(6)按配方量取植物浓缩液、矿物质液、水杨酸、脱落酸、磷酸二氢钾、抗坏血酸和去离子水混合,得水稻抗寒剂。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明通过提取披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草中的植物内源抗寒物质,复合外源物质,促进水稻生长、提高水稻抗病、抗胁迫及他感能力,提高水稻抗寒性,显著促进植株分孽、株高、地上和地下生物量的积累,提高其抗寒能力;
(2)同时本发明通过矿物质液中的矿物离子保持细胞膜的稳定性,维持细胞膜正常功能,提高相关酶系统如过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶等来降低自由基对膜脂的氧化作用,保持细胞膜的功能,防止细胞超微结构的破坏,进而提高植物抗寒力,且能刺激植物细胞分泌过氧化物酶到细胞壁中并提高其活性,通过这种酶的催化作用,使细胞壁中伸展蛋白形成异二酪氨酸双酚酯桥,导致伸展蛋白分子间以及伸展蛋白与多糖分子之间的连接,从而加强细胞壁的牢固性,防止胞外冰冻脱水引起细胞塌陷损伤。
具体实施方式
取200~300g披针叶苔草,200~300g鹿蹄草,装入打浆机中打浆,得植物浆,取100~200g植物浆,加入1~2L质量分数为50%乙醇溶液中,以300~400r/min搅拌10~15min后装入闪式提取器中,加热至80~90℃提取5~8min,再转入离心机中,以6000~8000r/min离心分离15~20min,收集提取液和沉淀,将沉淀重复提取2~3次后合并提取液,并置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%,得植物浓缩液,取300~500g鸡蛋壳,用去离子水洗涤2~3次后浸泡在200~300mL质量分数为5%氢氧化钠溶液中20~30min,剥离鸡蛋内膜并用去离子水洗涤鸡蛋壳至洗涤液呈中性,将鸡蛋壳装入干燥箱中,在105~110℃下干燥至恒重,再转入研钵中研磨20~30min,过100目筛,得细化鸡蛋壳粉末,取100~200g细化鸡蛋壳粉末,10~20g草木灰,加入300~500g质量分数为10%醋酸溶液中,以300~400r/min搅拌20~30min,过滤得滤液,将滤液置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%,得矿物质液,取20~40g植物浓缩液,10~20g矿物质液,0.10~0.15g水杨酸,0.015~0.020g脱落酸,3.0~4.0g磷酸二氢钾,3.0~4.0g抗坏血酸,加入1.0~1.2L去离子水中,以300~400r/min搅拌10~20min,得水稻抗寒剂。
实例1
取200g披针叶苔草,200g鹿蹄草,装入打浆机中打浆,得植物浆,取100g植物浆,加入1L质量分数为50%乙醇溶液中,以300r/min搅拌10min后装入闪式提取器中,加热至80℃提取5min,再转入离心机中,以6000r/min离心分离15min,收集提取液和沉淀,将沉淀重复提取2次后合并提取液,并置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15%,得植物浓缩液,取300g鸡蛋壳,用去离子水洗涤2次后浸泡在200mL质量分数为5%氢氧化钠溶液中20min,剥离鸡蛋内膜并用去离子水洗涤鸡蛋壳至洗涤液呈中性,将鸡蛋壳装入干燥箱中,在105℃下干燥至恒重,再转入研钵中研磨20min,过100目筛,得细化鸡蛋壳粉末,取100g细化鸡蛋壳粉末,10g草木灰,加入300g质量分数为10%醋酸溶液中,以300r/min搅拌20min,过滤得滤液,将滤液置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15%,得矿物质液,取20g植物浓缩液,10g矿物质液,0.10g水杨酸,0.015g脱落酸,3.0g磷酸二氢钾,3.0g抗坏血酸,加入1.0L去离子水中,以300r/min搅拌10min,得水稻抗寒剂。
实例2
取250g披针叶苔草,250g鹿蹄草,装入打浆机中打浆,得植物浆,取150g植物浆,加入1L质量分数为50%乙醇溶液中,以350r/min搅拌12min后装入闪式提取器中,加热至85℃提取6min,再转入离心机中,以7000r/min离心分离18min,收集提取液和沉淀,将沉淀重复提取2次后合并提取液,并置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的18%,得植物浓缩液,取400g鸡蛋壳,用去离子水洗涤2次后浸泡在250mL质量分数为5%氢氧化钠溶液中25min,剥离鸡蛋内膜并用去离子水洗涤鸡蛋壳至洗涤液呈中性,将鸡蛋壳装入干燥箱中,在108℃下干燥至恒重,再转入研钵中研磨25min,过100目筛,得细化鸡蛋壳粉末,取150g细化鸡蛋壳粉末,15g草木灰,加入400g质量分数为10%醋酸溶液中,以350r/min搅拌25min,过滤得滤液,将滤液置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的18%,得矿物质液,取30g植物浓缩液,15g矿物质液,0.12g水杨酸,0.018g脱落酸,3.5g磷酸二氢钾,3.5g抗坏血酸,加入1.1L去离子水中,以350r/min搅拌15min,得水稻抗寒剂。
实例3
取300g披针叶苔草,300g鹿蹄草,装入打浆机中打浆,得植物浆,取200g植物浆,加入2L质量分数为50%乙醇溶液中,以400r/min搅拌15min后装入闪式提取器中,加热至90℃提取8min,再转入离心机中,以8000r/min离心分离20min,收集提取液和沉淀,将沉淀重复提取3次后合并提取液,并置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的20%,得植物浓缩液,取500g鸡蛋壳,用去离子水洗涤3次后浸泡在300mL质量分数为5%氢氧化钠溶液中30min,剥离鸡蛋内膜并用去离子水洗涤鸡蛋壳至洗涤液呈中性,将鸡蛋壳装入干燥箱中,在110℃下干燥至恒重,再转入研钵中研磨30min,过100目筛,得细化鸡蛋壳粉末,取200g细化鸡蛋壳粉末,20g草木灰,加入500g质量分数为10%醋酸溶液中,以400r/min搅拌30min,过滤得滤液,将滤液置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的20%,得矿物质液,取40g植物浓缩液,20g矿物质液,0.15g水杨酸,0.020g脱落酸,4.0g磷酸二氢钾,4.0g抗坏血酸,加入1.2L去离子水中,以400r/min搅拌20min,得水稻抗寒剂。
对照例:河南某有限公司生产的水稻抗寒剂。
将实例及对照例的水稻抗寒剂进行检测,具体检测水稻抗寒剂对秧苗素质、秧苗N、P、K含量、秧苗叶绿素含量的影响。
具体检测结果如表1。
表1
由表1可知,本发明制备的水稻抗寒剂从抗寒效果实验中,制备的抗寒剂增强了苗素质,提高了N、P、K含量和叶绿素含量,具备良好的抗寒效果。

Claims (9)

1.一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于,所述水稻抗寒剂由下列按重量份计的原料经混合、搅拌均匀而成:20~40份植物浓缩液,10~20份矿物质液,0.10~0.15份水杨酸,0.015~0.020份脱落酸,3.0~4.0份磷酸二氢钾,3.0~4.0份抗坏血酸,1000~1200份去离子水。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于:所述植物浓缩液为披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草打浆成的植物浆经闪式提取浓缩制得。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于:所述披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草的质量比为1:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于:所述提取过程为将植物浆与质量分数为50%乙醇溶液按质量比1:10混合后装入闪式提取器中,加热至80~90℃提取5~8min,离心分离得提取液和沉淀,将沉淀重复提取2~3次后合并提取液。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于:所述浓缩过程为在闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于:所述矿物质液为剥离鸡蛋内膜的细化鸡蛋壳粉末与草木灰,经醋酸溶液浸出后浓缩至原液体积的15~20%。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于:所述细化鸡蛋壳粉末与草木灰的质量比为5:1~20:1。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种水稻抗寒剂,其特征在于:所述醋酸溶液的质量分数为10%,用量为细化鸡蛋壳粉末质量的1.5~5.0倍。
9.如权利要求1~8任意一项所述的一种水稻抗寒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
(1)将披针叶苔草与鹿蹄草装入打浆机中打浆,得植物浆;
(2)将植物浆与乙醇溶液混合装入闪式提取器中提取5~8min,离心分离得提取液和沉淀;
(3)将沉淀重复提取2~3次后合并提取液,并置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%,得植物浓缩液;
(4)将鸡蛋壳水洗后浸泡再氢氧化钠溶液中20~30min,剥离鸡蛋内膜后洗涤干燥并研磨过100目筛,得细化鸡蛋壳粉末;
(5)将细化鸡蛋壳粉末、草木灰,加入醋酸溶液中混合均匀,过滤得滤液,将滤液置于闪式浓缩器中浓缩至原液体积的15~20%,得矿物质液;
(6)按配方量取植物浓缩液、矿物质液、水杨酸、脱落酸、磷酸二氢钾、抗坏血酸和去离子水混合,得水稻抗寒剂。
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