Photocatalytic glaze applied to humidity-adjusting ceramic tile and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of architectural ceramics, in particular to a functional ceramic glaze.
Background
With the development of economy and society, people enjoy modern civilization and social prosperity and suffer from indoor air pollution. Nowadays, most indoor building materials, furniture products and decoration materials contain volatile organic substances which are extremely harmful to human health, and if the volatilized harmful organic substances cannot be effectively decomposed, indoor air can be seriously polluted, so that a frightened 'poison gas chamber' is formed indoors. Among the decoration pollutants, formaldehyde has the most serious harm to human bodies and the longest incubation period, and is called as a first killer of indoor pollution. Formaldehyde is the leading cause of malformations in newborns, childhood leukemia, decline in memory and intelligence in adolescents and is identified by the world health organization as a "carcinogenic and teratogenic substance". Not only indoor volatile organic compounds can damage human health, but also indoor humidity is closely related to human health problems. The lower indoor air humidity can dry mucus of the upper respiratory tract, so as to cause chronic mucous membrane inflammation, and simultaneously, the skin can be dry, and the nose and the throat can generate dry feeling; too high humidity in the room not only makes breathing difficult, but also causes rapid growth of mold. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate formaldehyde generated in the room and to adjust the humidity in the room.
The humidity-regulating ceramic tile absorbs and releases water vapor through capillary condensation and de-condensation by a large number of nano-scale capillary micropores on the surface, so as to regulate the indoor humidity. Although the nano-scale micropores of the humidity-adjusting ceramic tile can adsorb part of formaldehyde in the air, when the formaldehyde adsorbed by the nano-scale micropores is saturated, the formaldehyde is not adsorbed any more, and when the external conditions are changed, the adsorbed formaldehyde can be released, so that secondary pollution to the indoor air is caused. Therefore, in order to continuously eliminate formaldehyde in the air, the humidity-controlling ceramic tile needs to have the function of degrading formaldehyde.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a photocatalytic glaze applied to humidity-regulating ceramic tiles, which can effectively degrade formaldehyde and a preparation method of the glaze.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a photocatalytic glaze applied to a humidity-adjusting ceramic tile comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the anatase titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst which is directly added into a glaze component, so that the anatase titanium dioxide has good dispersion performance, and formaldehyde adsorbed by micropores can be explained directly under the action of natural light or lamplight after being fired, so that the effect of removing formaldehyde in indoor air is achieved. As a further improvement of the scheme, the anatase titanium dioxide has an average particle size of 1-10 nm. Specifically, the nano-grade anatase titanium dioxide and the low-temperature frit are mixed and then are sintered together under the low-temperature condition, so that a high-strength compact protective film can be further formed on the surface of the humidity-regulating ceramic tile.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the low-temperature frit comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preferable specific surface area of the hydrophilic fumed silica is 150-500 g/m2Is hydrophilicType fumed silica. Specifically, the hydrophilic fumed silica with high specific surface area can further improve the pore-forming effect.
In order to prevent the liquid phase formed by the low-temperature frits from blocking micropores on the surface of the humidity-adjusting ceramic tile during sintering, calcium carbonate capable of undergoing decomposition reaction at medium and low temperature stages is added into the low-temperature glaze. When the low-temperature glaze is melted on the surface of the humidity-adjusting ceramic tile, abundant micropore structures are left on the surface of the melted glaze layer by bubbles generated by decomposing the calcium carbonate, and the micropore structures provide channels for absorbing and releasing water and formaldehyde pollutants in the air of the humidity-adjusting ceramic tile. As a further improvement of the above aspect, the calcium carbonate has an average particle size of 75 μm. According to the invention, the porous property of the glaze layer is realized by utilizing the low-temperature thermal decomposition characteristic of calcium carbonate, the limit on the average particle size of the calcium carbonate is realized, and the more uniform and efficient pore-forming effect is favorably obtained.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the chemical composition of the bentonite is SiO2:41.0~43.0%、Al2O3:23.0~25.0%、Fe2O3:0.3~0.5%、TiO2:0.01~0.05%、CaO:7.0~8.0%、MgO:1.8~2.2%、K2O:0.1~0.2%、Na2O: 0.6-1.0%, loss on ignition: 17.0 to 19.0 percent. Still further, the bentonite according to the present invention has an average particle size of 75 μm.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the dispersing agent is at least one selected from sodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate.
The preparation method of the photocatalytic glaze applied to the humidity-regulating ceramic tile comprises the following process steps: pouring the components into a container according to the weight parts of the raw materials, mixing, grinding for 0.5-3 h by a wet method, and removing impurities by a screen to obtain the photocatalytic glaze.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the screen impurity removal is that the screen residue of the slurry is less than 0.2 percent after the slurry passes through a 325-mesh stainless steel screen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the low-temperature frit is used as a main raw material component, bentonite is used as a glaze suspending agent, calcium carbonate is used as a pore-forming agent, and anatase type titanium dioxide is introduced as a photocatalyst, so that the photocatalysis characteristic of the low-temperature glaze and the porous performance of a glaze layer are realized, and the moisture absorbing and releasing functions of the humidity-adjusting ceramic tile are ensured.
(2) The photocatalytic glaze suitable for the humidity-regulating ceramic tile is prepared by a wet ball milling method, can be fired with a green body of the humidity-regulating ceramic tile at one time, and can obviously reduce energy consumption in the firing process compared with the traditional secondary process of titanium dioxide sol spraying heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention is specifically described below with reference to examples in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be particularly noted that the examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, as non-essential improvements and modifications to the invention may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Meanwhile, the raw materials mentioned below are not specified in detail and are all commercial products; the process steps or preparation methods not mentioned in detail are all process steps or preparation methods known to the person skilled in the art.
Example 1
A photocatalytic glaze applied to a humidity-adjusting ceramic tile comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of low-temperature fusion cake, 0.3 part of anatase titanium dioxide, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of bentonite, 1 part of dispersant and 50 parts of purified water.
Wherein the low-temperature frit consists of 10 parts of frit with a specific surface area of 200g/m2Hydrophilic fumed silica, 16 parts of lithium carbonate, 40 parts of calcined borax, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of barium carbonate, 3 parts of calcium oxide, 10 parts of fluorite, 5 parts of lithium fluoride and 3 parts of potassium nitrate are mixed, ground uniformly, melted in a high-temperature furnace at 1350 ℃ to form molten slurry, quenched with water, cooled and crushed. The average particle diameter of the anatase titanium dioxide powder is 1 nm. The dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate. Swelling and swellingThe average particle diameter of the soil was 75 μm, and the chemical composition thereof was 41.0% SiO225.0% of Al2O30.3% of Fe2O30.05% of TiO27.0% of CaO, 1.8% of MgO and 0.2% of K2O, 0.6% of Na2O, loss on ignition of 19.0%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw material components in parts by weight, pouring the raw material components into a clean container for mixing, and carrying out ball milling for 3 hours by using a ball mill at a shearing linear speed of 5m/s, wherein a grinding cavity of the ball mill is filled with alumina with the volume fraction of 50% and the particle size of 20-50 mm as a grinding medium, and the mass of the alumina grinding medium is 2 times that of the slurry;
2) and (3) sieving the stirred slurry with a 325-mesh stainless steel sieve to remove impurities, thus obtaining the photocatalytic glaze material in the embodiment 1.
Example 2
A photocatalytic glaze applied to a humidity-adjusting ceramic tile comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of low-temperature frit, 1 part of anatase titanium dioxide, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of bentonite, 0.5 part of dispersant and 40 parts of purified water.
Wherein the low-temperature frit consists of 8 parts of frit with the specific surface area of 150g/m2Hydrophilic fumed silica, 25 parts of lithium carbonate, 40 parts of calcined borax, 3 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of barium carbonate, 2 parts of calcium oxide, 10 parts of fluorite, 6 parts of lithium fluoride and 1 part of potassium nitrate are mixed, ground uniformly, melted in a high-temperature furnace at the temperature of 1320 ℃ to form molten slurry, quenched with water, cooled and crushed to obtain the hydrophilic fumed silica. The average particle diameter of the anatase titanium dioxide powder is 10 nm. The dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate. The bentonite has an average particle size of 75 μm and a chemical composition of 43.0% SiO223.0% of Al2O30.5% of Fe2O30.01% of TiO28.0% of CaO, 2.2% of MgO and 0.1% of K2O, 1.0% of Na2O, loss on ignition of 17.0%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw material components in parts by weight, pouring the raw material components into a clean container for mixing, and carrying out ball milling for 2 hours by using a ball mill at a shearing linear speed of 20m/s, wherein a grinding cavity of the ball mill is filled with alumina with the volume fraction of 50% and the particle size of 20-50 mm as a grinding medium, and the mass of the alumina grinding medium is 3 times that of the slurry;
2) and (3) sieving the stirred slurry with a 325-mesh stainless steel sieve to remove impurities, thus obtaining the photocatalytic glaze material of the embodiment 2.
Example 3
A photocatalytic glaze applied to a humidity-adjusting ceramic tile comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of low-temperature frit, 1.2 parts of anatase titanium dioxide, 0.5 part of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of bentonite, 1.5 parts of a dispersing agent and 45 parts of purified water.
Wherein the low-temperature frit consists of 15 parts of material with the specific surface area of 500g/m2Hydrophilic fumed silica, 15 parts of lithium carbonate, 46 parts of calcined borax, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 2 parts of barium carbonate, 5 parts of calcium oxide, 7 parts of fluorite, 5 parts of lithium fluoride and 5 parts of potassium nitrate are mixed, ground uniformly, melted in a high-temperature furnace at the temperature of 1320 ℃ to form molten slurry, quenched with water, cooled and crushed to obtain the hydrophilic fumed silica. The anatase type titanium dioxide powder has an average particle diameter of 5 nm. The dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate. The bentonite has an average particle size of 75 μm and a chemical composition of 44.0% SiO224.0% of Al2O30.4% of Fe2O30.03% of TiO27.5 percent of CaO, 2.0 percent of MgO and 0.2 percent of K2O, 0.8% of Na2O, loss on ignition of 18.0%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw material components in parts by weight, pouring the raw material components into a clean container for mixing, and carrying out ball milling for 2 hours by using a ball mill at a shearing linear speed of 15m/s, wherein a grinding cavity of the ball mill is filled with alumina with the volume fraction of 50% and the particle size of 20-50 mm as a grinding medium, and the mass of the alumina grinding medium is 3 times that of the slurry;
2) and (3) sieving the stirred slurry with a 325-mesh stainless steel sieve to remove impurities to obtain the photocatalytic glaze material in the embodiment 3.
Example 4
A photocatalytic glaze applied to a humidity-adjusting ceramic tile comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of low-temperature frit, 1 part of anatase titanium dioxide, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 1 part of bentonite, 1 part of dispersant and 46 parts of purified water.
Wherein the low-temperature frit consists of 10 parts of a material with a specific surface area of 300g/m2Hydrophilic fumed silica, 20 parts of lithium carbonate, 43 parts of calcined borax, 3 parts of zinc oxide, 4 parts of barium carbonate, 2 parts of calcium oxide, 10 parts of fluorite, 6 parts of lithium fluoride and 2 parts of potassium nitrate are mixed, ground uniformly, melted in a high-temperature furnace at 1350 ℃ to form molten slurry, quenched with water, cooled and crushed. The average particle diameter of the anatase titanium dioxide powder is 1 nm. The dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate. The bentonite has an average particle size of 75 μm and a chemical composition of 43.0% SiO223.0% of Al2O30.5% of Fe2O30.01% of TiO28.0% of CaO, 2.2% of MgO and 0.1% of K2O, 1.0% of Na2O, loss on ignition of 17.0%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw material components in parts by weight, pouring the raw material components into a clean container for mixing, and carrying out ball milling for 3 hours by using a ball mill at a shearing linear speed of 10m/s, wherein a grinding cavity of the ball mill is filled with alumina with the volume fraction of 50% and the particle size of 20-50 mm as a grinding medium, and the mass of the alumina grinding medium is 2.5 times that of the slurry;
2) and (3) sieving the stirred slurry with a 325-mesh stainless steel sieve to remove impurities, thus obtaining the photocatalytic glaze material of the embodiment 4.
Example 5: performance detection
The photocatalytic glaze materials prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 are respectively sprayed on green bodies of the humidity-controlling ceramic tiles with different glaze application amounts in a spraying manner, then the green bodies which are not sprayed with the visible light photocatalytic degradation formaldehyde glaze materials and the green bodies which are sprayed with the visible light photocatalytic degradation formaldehyde glaze materials in the embodiments of the invention are sintered under the same conditions (at 780 ℃ for 30min), and the formaldehyde degradation rate and the humidity-controlling performance of the corresponding humidity-controlling ceramic tiles are detected, wherein the specific detection results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different photocatalytically degradable formaldehyde glazes on low-temperature humidity-regulating ceramic tile green bodies
As can be seen from Table 1, the glaze prepared by the invention has the function of removing formaldehyde and the humidity-regulating performance of the humidity-regulating ceramic tile when being used for the surface of the low-temperature sintered humidity-regulating ceramic tile.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all similar processes and equivalent variations to those of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.