CN107646451B - Method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from bare land habitat soil seed bank - Google Patents
Method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from bare land habitat soil seed bank Download PDFInfo
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- CN107646451B CN107646451B CN201710822367.5A CN201710822367A CN107646451B CN 107646451 B CN107646451 B CN 107646451B CN 201710822367 A CN201710822367 A CN 201710822367A CN 107646451 B CN107646451 B CN 107646451B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a bare land habitat soil seed bank, which comprises the following steps: examining the total amount and proportion of all viable seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant, the diameter difference and the specific gravity difference of the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in a specific nude habitat soil seed bank; when the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant is obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is not obvious, separating the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in the soil seed bank of the bare habitat by adopting a sieve; when the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant is not obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is obvious, separating the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in the soil seed bank of the bare land habitat by adopting a water salt solution; when the diameter and specific gravity difference of the seeds of the target plant and the seeds of the non-target plants are obvious, selecting a method which is simple in actual operation in the methods or using the two methods together; and (3) killing the separated non-target plant seeds by a physical method or a chemical method without secondary pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant ecology, in particular to a method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a soil seed bank of a bare land habitat.
Background
Bare land is bare ground with no plants growing, and is the initial condition and place for plant colony formation, development and succession. It includes primary bare land in which the plant has never been grown in the past and secondary bare land which is formed by the original plant after it has been grown and destroyed. Due to the action of various transmission factors, a plurality of seeds of plants can exist on the habitat of the bare land simultaneously, wherein some seeds of target plants (such as indigenous plants) need to be protected and cultivated as much as possible, and some seeds of non-target plants (such as harmful plants or invasive plants and the like) need to be prevented and removed as much as possible. If the seeds of the non-target plants can be selectively screened and killed from the soil seed bank of the bare-land habitat, and the seeds of the target plants or the beneficial plants are reserved, the progress succession process of the plant community on the bare-land habitat can be undoubtedly effectively promoted, and the settlement or invasion of the non-target plants can be effectively inhibited. So far, the related technologies have been reported only rarely.
Based on the background, the invention provides an ecological method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a bare land habitat soil seed bank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a bare land habitat soil seed bank, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: examining the total amount and proportion of all viable seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant, the diameter difference and the specific gravity difference of the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in a specific nude habitat soil seed bank;
step two: when the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant is obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is not obvious, separating the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in the soil seed bank of the bare habitat by adopting a sieve; when the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant is not obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is obvious, separating the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in the soil seed bank of the bare land habitat by adopting a water salt solution; when the difference between the diameter and the specific gravity of the seeds of the target plant and the seeds of the non-target plant is obvious, a method which is simple in actual operation in the method is selected, or the two methods are used together to achieve the aim of more thorough separation.
Step three: and (3) killing the separated non-target plant seeds by a physical method or a chemical method without secondary pollution.
In the method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, the process of the step two is repeated for many times until the aim of separating the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds is fully achieved; and if the seeds cannot be completely separated and the proportion of the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds is less than 40%, sowing the mixed seeds in a habitat, removing the non-target plants along with roots after the seeds germinate, observing in multiple growing seasons, and determining that the non-target plants are completely removed after no non-target plant seedlings appear.
In the method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, the sieves are a series of sieves with the aperture being sequentially arranged from big to small.
In the method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, the sieve is made of stainless steel materials or other tough, firm, rustless and durable materials.
In the method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, when the diameter difference between the target plant seeds and the non-target plant seeds is obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is not obvious, and when the bare-land habitat soil is loose soil when being dry, the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds are directly separated by a sieve from the soil containing the plant seeds in the bare-land habitat; when the bare land habitat soil is non-loose soil when dry, the soil containing plant seeds in the bare land habitat is subjected to sufficient water immersion treatment to dissolve soil particles, and then the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds are separated by a sieve.
In the method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, an electric mechanical or hydraulic jack is adopted to assist in loading soil, stirring the soil, vibrating a sieve or lifting the sieve.
According to the method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, the breadth, the volume and the weight parameters of a sieve are determined according to the size of the seed screening and processing workload, the number of workers and equipment conditions.
In the method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, when the diameter difference between the target plant seeds and the non-target plant seeds is not obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is obvious, the bare-land habitat soil containing the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds is gradually and properly filled into a container with water salt solution with specific concentration; continuously stirring to achieve full mixing, observing the separation condition of the seeds, and continuously taking out the plant seeds floating on the upper layer of the solution; when the mixture of the soil and the seeds deposited on the lower layer of the container is more and the separation work of the seeds on the upper layer of the solution is influenced, the mixture of the soil and the seeds deposited on the lower layer of the container is taken out, so that the separation of the seeds of the target plants and the seeds of the non-target plants is realized.
According to the method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, the seeds of various plants in the bare-land habitat soil are sampled in a large sample, the degree of specific gravity difference among different seeds is tested, and the concentration of a specific water-salt solution capable of effectively separating the non-target plant seeds from the target plant seeds in the bare-land habitat soil is determined through theoretical analysis and experimental inspection of water-salt solutions with series concentrations.
In the method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from the bare land habitat soil seed bank, the physical method in the third step comprises the following steps: adopts a long-time high-temperature, high-pressure, freezing and water flooding method or an oxygen-isolated suffocation method. The chemical method without secondary pollution in the third step comprises all chemical agents which can kill non-target plant seeds, have no residue and have no negative influence on the environment.
The method for separating and killing the non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank is practical, simple and feasible, and is ecological and environment-friendly. Of course, the method is suitable for use in smaller scale situations, and mechanical assistance is preferably required when the workload and scale for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from the bare-land habitat soil seed bank is large.
The method for separating and killing the seeds of the non-target plants is positioned in the soil seed bank of the bare habitat because the situation is not listed because the soil is generally difficult or inconvenient to fetch and separate the seeds of the target and non-target plants in the soil seed bank of the habitat in the habitat of the growing plants. However, in practice, the method of the present invention may be tried when the basic conditions of the habitat of such growing plants also meet the basic conditions for the implementation of the method (e.g. sparseness of plants, looser soil, more convenient soil removal, less seeds of non-target plants, etc.).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for separating and screening seeds of a target plant and a non-target plant by using a sieve.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for separating and screening seeds of a target plant and a non-target plant by using an aqueous salt solution.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
The invention provides a method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a bare land habitat soil seed bank, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the existence of seeds of the plants of interest and non-plants of interest (especially the total amount of all viable seeds in the seed pool, the proportion of seeds of the plants of interest and non-plants of interest) in a specific nude habitat soil seed pool is examined, as well as the degree of difference in the diameter of the seeds of the plants of interest and non-plants of interest, and the degree of difference in the specific gravity of their seeds.
Step two: according to the diameter difference of the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant and the difference degree of the specific gravity of the seeds, 4 cases are divided:
A) when the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the seeds of the non-target plants is significant and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is not significant in the specific nude habitat soil seed bank:
by analyzing the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the seeds of the non-target plant, the sieve a with a specific pore diameter is selected or customized and is made of stainless steel or other tough, firm, rustless and durable materials. The sieve a can effectively separate the target plant from the non-target plant seeds in the bare-land habitat soil seed bank, namely, one kind of seeds can pass through the sieve holes, and the other kind of seeds cannot pass through the sieve holes.
And determining parameters such as breadth, volume, weight and the like of the screen according to the actual conditions such as the size of the seed screening processing workload, the number of workers, equipment conditions and the like.
In order to reduce labor intensity, electric machinery or hydraulic jacks and other equipment can be adopted to assist in loading soil, stirring soil, vibrating a sieve or lifting and lowering the sieve and the like.
In order to increase the seed screening efficiency, a series of screens with a large to small pore size (in which screen a is in the last stage) may be arranged. The large-diameter objects are filtered out through a large-aperture sieve b (in the case of soil blocks, the soil blocks are crushed as much as possible so that seeds possibly mixed in the soil blocks can have an opportunity to be screened in the next step), and finally, the seeds of the target plants and the seeds of the non-target plants are effectively separated through a sieve a with a specific aperture, namely, one type of seeds pass through sieve holes, and the other type of seeds do not pass through the sieve holes.
Non-target plant seeds and target plant seeds were separated for two main soil types using different methods:
when the bare land habitat soil is loose soil when dry, non-target plant seeds and target plant seeds are directly separated from the soil containing the plant seeds in the bare land habitat.
When the bare land habitat soil is non-loose soil when dry, the soil containing plant seeds in the bare land habitat needs to be subjected to sufficient water immersion treatment, namely the soil containing the plant seeds in the bare land habitat is immersed in water to dissolve soil particles, and then non-target plant seeds and target plant seeds are separated.
B) When the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the seeds of the non-target plants is not significant and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is significant in the specific nude habitat soil seed bank:
the method comprises the steps of sampling large samples of seeds of various plants in the bare land habitat soil, testing the specific gravity difference degree among different seeds, and determining the concentration b of a specific water-salt solution capable of effectively separating seeds of various plants (particularly non-target plant seeds and target plant seeds) in the bare land habitat soil through theoretical analysis and experimental inspection of water-salt solutions with series concentrations.
And (c) determining and manufacturing a container c for containing a specific water salt solution with the concentration b according to the separation workload of the plant seeds in the bare land habitat soil.
And (c) gradually and properly filling the bare land habitat soil containing various plant seeds into the container c containing the specific water salt solution with the concentration b. In this in-process, constantly stir to reach the intensive mixing, observe the seed and separate the condition from top to bottom, through distinguishing, will float in the plant seed on solution upper strata and constantly take out, treat that the mixture d of the earth of container c lower floor siltation and seed is more, and influence the seed separation during operation on solution upper strata, then take out the mixture d of the earth of container c lower floor siltation and seed. Through the process, the seeds of the target plants and the seeds of the non-target plants in the soil of the bare land habitat are separated.
Similar methods have been used earlier in single crop seed selection, but no reports have been made of the above methods for removing non-target plant seeds from the soil in a bare habitat. The method is not simply transplanted but aims to remove non-target plant seeds in the bare land habitat soil seed bank, so that the method has different occasions, conditions and purposes, inconsistent processes and innovation.
C) When the diameter difference and the specific gravity difference of the seeds of the target plants and the seeds of the non-target plants in the specific nude habitat soil seed bank are significant:
aiming at the conditions of target plants and non-target plant seeds in a specific soil seed bank of the bare habitat, a simpler, easier and more effective method is selected from the methods A and B.
For the case of target plants and non-target plant seeds in a specific nude habitat soil seed bank, if it is difficult to select a more optimal method between the methods described in a and B, the precedence order is excluded between the methods described in a and B (e.g. a is used first and B is selected later, or vice versa).
D) When the diameter difference and the specific gravity difference of the seeds of the target plants and the seeds of the non-target plants are not obvious in the specific soil seed bank of the bare habitat, other methods for screening and killing the seeds of the non-target plants need to be explored.
Step three: after the steps are carried out, the seeds of the non-target plants and the seeds of the target plants in the soil seed bank of the bare land habitat are separated. For the killing of the separated non-target plant seeds, a physical method (such as seed inactivation by adopting a long-time high temperature, high pressure, freezing, water logging, oxygen-isolated asphyxiation method and the like) and a chemical method without secondary pollution (including all chemical agents which can kill the non-target plant seeds, have no residue and have no negative influence on the environment) are adopted.
In the invention, when the target plant and the non-target plant seed in the bare-land habitat soil seed bank are separated for one time in the step two pairs and the target of separating the non-target plant seed and the target plant seed is not yet sufficiently achieved, the process of the step two can be repeated for many times until the target of separating the non-target plant seed and the target plant seed is sufficiently achieved.
In the invention, if the target plant and the non-target plant seeds in the bare-land habitat soil seed bank are completely separated through one or more separation processes, the method is ideal. However, if the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant can not be completely separated after one or more screening processes, there are two cases:
in the present invention, when the seeds of the non-objective plant and the seeds of the objective plant are not completely separated but the seeds of the non-objective plant and the seeds of the objective plant are mixed in a small proportion of < 40% in a separated part, the separated mixture e containing the seeds of the non-objective plant and the seeds of the objective plant can be sown in a habitat which can be completely manually controlled, after the seeds are germinated successively, the non-objective plant is removed immediately from the root by identification, and after the observation for a long time (such as a plurality of growing seasons) and the occurrence of the seedlings of the non-objective plant is confirmed, the non-objective plant is removed cleanly. At this time, the target plant which has grown is transplanted into a habitat where ecological restoration is expected to be carried out, and cultivation is continued.
When there is not a complete separation between the non-plant seeds and the plant seeds of interest, but in one part of the separation, the non-plant seeds and the plant seeds of interest are mixed together in a major proportion > 40%:
if the total amount of seeds in the soil seed bank of the bare-land habitat is not very large, the mixture e containing the non-target plants and the target plant seeds after screening and separation is sown in a habitat which can be completely manually controlled, after the seeds germinate successively, the non-target plants are immediately removed with roots after identification, and after long-time observation (such as multiple growing seasons) is carried out, the non-target plants are confirmed to be removed completely. At this time, the target plant which has grown is transplanted into a habitat where ecological restoration is expected to be carried out, and cultivation is continued.
If the total amount of seeds in the soil seed bank of the bare land habitat is large and the method is difficult to adopt, other methods need to be replaced. So the first step, the second, is critical and also important.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (9)
1. A method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a bare land habitat soil seed bank is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: examining the total amount and proportion of all viable seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant, the diameter difference and the specific gravity difference of the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in a specific nude habitat soil seed bank;
step two: when the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant is obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is not obvious, separating the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in the soil seed bank of the bare habitat by adopting a sieve; when the diameter difference between the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant is not obvious and the specific gravity difference between the seeds is obvious, separating the seeds of the target plant and the non-target plant in the soil seed bank of the bare land habitat by adopting a water salt solution; when the diameter and specific gravity difference of the seeds of the target plant and the seeds of the non-target plants are obvious, selecting a method which is simple in actual operation in the methods or using the two methods together;
repeating the process of the second step for many times until the aim of separating the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds is fully achieved; if the seeds cannot be completely separated and the proportion of the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds is less than 40%, sowing the mixed seeds in a habitat, removing the non-target plants with roots after the seeds germinate, observing in multiple growing seasons, and determining that the non-target plants are completely removed after no non-target plant seedlings appear;
step three: and (3) killing the separated non-target plant seeds by a physical method or a chemical method without secondary pollution.
2. The method for separating and killing the seeds of the unintended plants from the soil seed bank of the bare habitat according to claim 1, wherein the screen is a series of screens with the size of the screen being sequentially arranged from large to small.
3. The method for separating and killing undesired plant seeds from a bare habitat soil seed bank of claim 1, wherein said screen is made of stainless steel or other tough, strong, rustless, durable material.
4. The method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a bare habitat soil seed bank according to claim 1, wherein when the diameter difference between the target plant and the non-target plant seeds is significant and the seed specific gravity difference is not significant, and when the bare habitat soil is loose type soil when dry, the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds are directly separated by a sieve on the soil containing the plant seeds in the bare habitat; when the bare land habitat soil is non-loose soil when dry, the soil containing plant seeds in the bare land habitat is subjected to sufficient water immersion treatment to dissolve soil particles, and then the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds are separated by a sieve.
5. The method for separating and killing undesired plant seeds from a bare land habitat soil seed bank of claim 1 wherein loading the soil, agitating the soil, vibrating the screen or lifting the screen is assisted by an electromechanical or hydraulic jack.
6. The method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from the bare land habitat soil seed bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameters of the width, volume and weight of the sieve are determined according to the size of the seed screening treatment workload, the number of workers and equipment conditions.
7. The method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from the bare habitat soil seed bank according to claim 1, wherein when the difference between the diameters of the target plant and the seeds of the non-target plant is not significant and the difference between the specific gravities of the seeds is significant, the bare habitat soil containing the seeds of the non-target plant and the seeds of the target plant is gradually filled into a container with a water salt solution with a specific concentration in a proper amount; continuously stirring to achieve full mixing, observing the separation condition of the seeds, and continuously taking out the plant seeds floating on the upper layer of the solution; when the mixture of the soil and the seeds deposited on the lower layer of the container is more and the separation work of the seeds on the upper layer of the solution is influenced, the mixture of the soil and the seeds deposited on the lower layer of the container is taken out, so that the separation of the seeds of the target plants and the seeds of the non-target plants is realized.
8. The method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from the bare land habitat soil seed bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degree of the specific gravity difference between different seeds is tested by sampling the seeds of various plants in the bare land habitat soil in large samples, and the concentration of the specific water salt solution capable of effectively separating the non-target plant seeds and the target plant seeds in the bare land habitat soil is determined by theoretical analysis and experimental examination of water salt solution with series concentration.
9. The method for separating and killing non-target plant seeds from a bare land habitat soil seed bank according to claim 1 wherein the physical method in step three comprises: high temperature, high pressure, freezing, water flooding for a long time or oxygen suffocation isolation is adopted.
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| CN102026539A (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-04-20 | W·洛夫赖斯 | Method of accelerating the growth and development of trees via enhanced root development |
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