CN107643478B - Lightning stroke test system of lightning stroke tower shrinkage model - Google Patents

Lightning stroke test system of lightning stroke tower shrinkage model Download PDF

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CN107643478B
CN107643478B CN201711106641.5A CN201711106641A CN107643478B CN 107643478 B CN107643478 B CN 107643478B CN 201711106641 A CN201711106641 A CN 201711106641A CN 107643478 B CN107643478 B CN 107643478B
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lightning
tower
model
voltage electrode
electrode
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CN107643478A (en
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文豹
彭向阳
杨贤
黄振
李志峰
王锐
余欣
易琳
钱金菊
文习山
邓冶强
王羽
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Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a lightning stroke test system of a lightning stroke tower scaling model. According to the invention, a first lightning tower shrinkage model and a second lightning tower shrinkage model are arranged, the first lightning tower shrinkage model is used as an experimental group, the second lightning tower shrinkage model is used as a comparison group, a comparison experiment is carried out through a control variable method, a high-voltage electrode and an impulse voltage generator are used for simulating lightning current, discharge characteristic test research is carried out on the first lightning tower shrinkage model and the second lightning tower shrinkage model, and the technical problem that a test means is lacking in the current for carrying out a simulation test on the lightning tower is solved.

Description

Lightning stroke test system of lightning stroke tower shrinkage model
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric power tests, in particular to a lightning stroke test system of a lightning striking tower shrinkage model.
Background
With the improvement of the voltage class of the power transmission line in China, the increase of the transmission capacity promotes the continuous increase of the height of the tower, and the trip accident of the lightning stroke line is also increased.
The lightning protection tower is an effective lightning protection measure, the design of the tower body is generally higher than that of a common iron tower, the lightning protection area is larger, the principle of lightning protection and lightning elimination is mainly utilized, the theory is the same as that of a controllable discharge lightning rod,
on one hand, before strong lightning is formed, a controllable discharge lightning rod at the top end of a lightning guiding tower is utilized to upwards release discharge pulse, according to the natural principle of lightning formation, the distribution of lightning charges is changed, a part of lightning cloud current is actively guided to enter the ground through the lightning guiding tower, and a protection effect is achieved on surrounding power transmission lines, so that the lightning trip-out times of nearby lines are reduced; on the two aspects, the lightning guiding tower is similar to the principle of lightning rod protection in a transformer substation, has shielding effect on surrounding circuits and equipment, and has a wider protection range.
However, a device for carrying out a simulation test on lightning striking towers is lacking currently, the current lightning strike simulation test is mainly aimed at a power transmission line, and the discharge characteristic test research on various lightning striking towers is difficult.
Therefore, the technical problem of the current lack of test means for carrying out simulation test on the lightning guiding tower is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lightning stroke test system of a lightning stroke reduction model, which solves the technical problem that a test means is lacking in the prior art for carrying out a simulation test on a lightning stroke.
The invention provides a lightning stroke test system of a lightning stroke reduction model, which comprises the following components: the device comprises an impulse voltage generator, a high-voltage electrode, a first lightning guiding tower scaling model and a second lightning guiding tower scaling model;
the height to the ground of the tower top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model is consistent with the height to the ground of the tower top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model;
the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode is higher than the ground heights of the tower top of the first lightning-induced tower condensation model and the tower top of the second lightning-induced tower condensation model, the ground height of the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode is higher than the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode, and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the tower top of the first lightning-induced tower condensation model and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the tower top of the second lightning-induced tower condensation model are consistent;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the oscilloscope;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor C1;
the second end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor C2 and the input end of the oscilloscope respectively;
the second end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
Preferably, the high-voltage electrode is a cylindrical metal rod, and a metal ball is arranged at the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode.
Preferably, the surge voltage generator specifically includes: a bump resistor R1, a third capacitor C3, a first spherical electrode and a second spherical electrode;
the first end of the third capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the first end of the impact resistor R1, and the second end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded;
the second end of the impact resistor R1 is electrically connected with the first spherical electrode;
the second spherical electrode is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode, and the first spherical electrode and the second spherical electrode are arranged in a non-contact mode.
Preferably, the surge voltage generator further comprises: a protection resistor R2;
the second spherical electrode is electrically connected with the first end of the protection resistor R2, and the second end of the protection resistor R2 is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode.
Preferably, the method further comprises: a camera;
and setting the distance between the position of the camera and the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode to be greater than or equal to a preset safety distance.
Preferably, the distance between the top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model and the top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model is 6m.
Preferably, the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the top of the first lightning guiding tower scaling model and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the top of the second lightning guiding tower scaling model are both 4m.
Preferably, the length of the cylindrical metal rod is 15m, the cross-sectional diameter of the cylindrical metal rod is 60mm, and the diameter of the metal ball is 80mm.
Preferably, the height to ground of the tops of the first and second lightning guiding tower scaling models is 4.5m.
From the above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a lightning stroke test system of a lightning stroke reduction model, which comprises the following components: the device comprises an impulse voltage generator, a high-voltage electrode, a first lightning guiding tower scaling model and a second lightning guiding tower scaling model; the ground heights of the tower tops of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model and the second lightning guiding tower condensation model are consistent; the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode is higher than the ground heights of the tower top of the first lightning-induced tower condensation model and the tower top of the second lightning-induced tower condensation model, the ground height of the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode is higher than the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode, and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the tower top of the first lightning-induced tower condensation model and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the tower top of the second lightning-induced tower condensation model are consistent; the output end of the impulse voltage generator is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode.
According to the invention, a first lightning tower shrinkage model and a second lightning tower shrinkage model are arranged, the first lightning tower shrinkage model is used as an experimental group, the second lightning tower shrinkage model is used as a comparison group, a comparison experiment is carried out through a control variable method, a high-voltage electrode and an impulse voltage generator are used for simulating lightning current, discharge characteristic test research is carried out on the first lightning tower shrinkage model and the second lightning tower shrinkage model, and the technical problem that a test means is lacking in the current for carrying out a simulation test on the lightning tower is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship of a lightning stroke test system of a lightning stroke reduction model provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a lightning stroke test system of a lightning stroke reduction model provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-voltage electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightning guiding tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of an oscilloscope measured voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a high voltage electrode; 2. a first lightning tower scaling model; 3. a second lightning tower scaling model; 4. a surge voltage generator; 5. an oscilloscope; 6. rest table; 7. a work table; 8. a ground conductor; c1, a first capacitor; c2, a second capacitor; c3, a third capacitor; r1, impulse resistance; r2, protection resistance.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a lightning stroke test system of a lightning stroke tower shrinkage model, which solves the technical problem that a test means is lacking in the prior art for carrying out a simulation test on a lightning stroke tower.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lightning strike testing system for a lightning strike tower scaling model, comprising: the lightning protection device comprises a surge voltage generator 4, a high-voltage electrode 1, a first lightning striking tower scaling model 2 and a second lightning striking tower scaling model 3;
the heights of the tower top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the tower top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 are consistent to the ground;
the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 is higher than the ground heights of the tower top of the first lightning striking tower condensation model 2 and the tower top of the second lightning striking tower condensation model 3, the ground height of the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode 1 is higher than the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1, and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the tower top of the first lightning striking tower condensation model 2 and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the tower top of the second lightning striking tower condensation model 3 are consistent;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator 4 is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode 1.
The lightning guiding tower scaling model is a model established after the lightning guiding tower is scaled down according to the scaling proportion;
in the embodiment, a first lightning guiding tower shrinkage model 2 and a second lightning guiding tower shrinkage model 3 are arranged, the first lightning guiding tower shrinkage model 2 is used as an experimental group, and the second lightning guiding tower shrinkage model 3 is used as a comparison group;
a comparison experiment is carried out by a control variable method, lightning stroke current is simulated by the high-voltage electrode 1 and the impulse voltage generator 4, discharge characteristic test research is carried out on the first lightning stroke reduction model 2 and the second lightning stroke reduction model 3, and the technical problem that a test means is lacking in the prior art for carrying out a simulation test on the lightning stroke is solved.
The embodiment of the lightning guide tower scaling model lightning stroke test system provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided above, and the following is another embodiment of the lightning guide tower scaling model lightning stroke test system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, another embodiment of a lightning strike testing system of a lightning strike tower scaling model is provided according to the present invention, comprising:
the lightning protection device comprises a surge voltage generator 4, a high-voltage electrode 1, a first lightning striking tower scaling model 2 and a second lightning striking tower scaling model 3;
the heights of the tower top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the tower top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 are consistent to the ground;
the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 is higher than the ground heights of the tower top of the first lightning striking tower condensation model 2 and the tower top of the second lightning striking tower condensation model 3, the ground height of the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode 1 is higher than the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1, and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the tower top of the first lightning striking tower condensation model 2 and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the tower top of the second lightning striking tower condensation model 3 are consistent;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator 4 is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode 1.
The lightning guiding tower scaling model is a model established after the lightning guiding tower is scaled down according to the scaling proportion, and the lightning guiding tower scaling model has the structure as follows: a tower body, a workbench 7 (i.e. a tower top), a rest stand 6 and a grounding conductor 8;
the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 can be provided with two different working conditions for comparison experiments, such as: a controllable discharge lightning rod, different grounding forms (10 ohm and 100 ohm) or lightning guiding towers of different materials (steel and composite materials) exist;
the consistency of the heights of the tower tops of the first lightning tower condensation model 2 and the second lightning tower condensation model 3 relative to the ground means that the first lightning tower condensation model 2 and the second lightning tower condensation model 3 are the lightning tower condensation models with consistent appearance heights;
the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 is higher than the ground heights of the tower top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the tower top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3, specifically, the high-voltage electrode 1 is hung above the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3;
the grounding height of the grounding end of the high-voltage electrode 1 is higher than that of the discharging end of the high-voltage electrode 1, specifically, the discharging end is arranged below when the high-voltage electrode 1 is hung, and the grounding end is arranged above;
the fact that the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the tower top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 is consistent with the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the tower top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 means that the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 can be symmetrically arranged on two sides of the high-voltage electrode 1 or on the circumference of a preset radius taking the high-voltage electrode 1 as the center of a circle;
the surge voltage generator 4 adopts a 7500kV/750kJ surge voltage generator, and can generate voltage waveforms and voltage amplitudes meeting test requirements.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the oscilloscope 5;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator 4 is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor C1;
the second end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor C2 and the input end of the oscilloscope 5 respectively;
the second terminal of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
It should be noted that, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 form a voltage divider, so as to avoid the overlarge voltage of the access oscilloscope 5;
the waveform of the surge voltage generated by the surge voltage generator 4 can be observed by the oscilloscope 5, and the surge voltage generator 4 can be adjusted to generate a suitable surge voltage by observing the waveform, and the voltage waveform observed by the oscilloscope 5 is shown in fig. 5.
Further, the high-voltage electrode 1 is a cylindrical metal rod, and a metal ball is arranged at the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1.
It should be noted that, the current domestic and foreign lightning observation results show that the free pilot accounts for 90% of the whole gap length in the downlink negative ground flashing process, and the diameter of the free pilot head is slightly larger, so that a cylindrical metal rod is used as the high-voltage electrode 1, and a metal ball is arranged at the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 to simulate the downlink negative ground flashing process;
the cylindrical metal rod of the high-voltage electrode 1 may be a cylindrical iron rod, and the metal ball may be a copper ball.
Further, the surge voltage generator 4 specifically includes: a bump resistor R1, a third capacitor C3, a first spherical electrode and a second spherical electrode;
the first end of the third capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the first end of the impact resistor R1, and the second end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded;
the second end of the impact resistor R1 is electrically connected with the first spherical electrode;
the second spherical electrode is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode 1, and the first spherical electrode and the second spherical electrode are arranged in a non-contact manner.
When the first spherical electrode or the second spherical electrode is triggered, the spherical gap between the first spherical electrode and the second spherical electrode is conducted, and the impulse voltage generator 4 transmits impulse voltage to the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode 1;
in this embodiment, an operating wave of 250/2500 mu s of negative polarity is used as the surge voltage waveform, and the surge voltage circuit thereof is as described above.
Further, the surge voltage generator 4 further includes: a protection resistor R2;
the second spherical electrode is electrically connected with the first end of the protection resistor R2, and the second end of the protection resistor R2 is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode 1.
In order to avoid the occurrence of large current caused by grounding of the high-voltage electrode 1 or disconnection of the voltage divider in case of accident, a protection resistor R2 needs to be arranged for current limiting.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: a camera;
the distance between the position of the camera and the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 is set to be greater than or equal to a preset safety distance.
When the discharge characteristic test is carried out, a camera can be selected as a test condition recorder, for example, 100 lightning impulse discharge tests are carried out, the discharge selection condition and the lightning development process are recorded by a high-speed camera,
further, the distance between the top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 is 6m.
Further, the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the top of the first lightning striking tower scaling model 2 and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode 1 and the top of the second lightning striking tower scaling model 3 are both 4m.
Further, the length of the cylindrical metal rod was 15m, the cross-sectional diameter of the cylindrical metal rod was 60mm, and the diameter of the metal ball was 80mm.
Further, the heights of the tops of the first and second lightning guiding tower condensation models 2 and 3 are 4.5m.
The ground heights of the tops of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 are 4.5m, namely the first lightning guiding tower condensation model 2 and the second lightning guiding tower condensation model 3 which are constructed according to the condensation ratio of 1:10;
in the embodiment, a first lightning guiding tower shrinkage model 2 and a second lightning guiding tower shrinkage model 3 with 1:10 shrinkage ratio are set for a selective discharge test, so that lightning guiding capability of lightning guiding towers with different working conditions can be evaluated, a high-voltage electrode 1 conforming to actual lightning descending pilot characteristics and a surge voltage generator 4 loop meeting test requirements are set, actual lightning occurrence conditions can be truly simulated, and accurate experimental data can be obtained.
The lightning stroke test system of the lightning stroke reduction model in the embodiment can carry out selective discharge tests on the lightning stroke reduction models under different working conditions, so that the lightning stroke capability of the lightning stroke reduction towers under different working conditions is evaluated, the lightning stroke test system has a positive effect on researching lightning protection of a power transmission line, provides guidance for actual engineering design, and solves the technical problem that a test means is lacking in the prior art for carrying out simulation tests on the lightning stroke reduction towers.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described system and apparatus may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and apparatuses may be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separated, and some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A lightning strike testing system of a lightning strike tower scaling model, comprising: the device comprises an impulse voltage generator, a high-voltage electrode, a first lightning guiding tower scaling model and a second lightning guiding tower scaling model;
the height to the ground of the tower top of the first lightning guiding tower condensation model is consistent with the height to the ground of the tower top of the second lightning guiding tower condensation model;
the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode is higher than the ground heights of the tower top of the first lightning-induced tower condensation model and the tower top of the second lightning-induced tower condensation model, the ground height of the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode is higher than the ground height of the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode, and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the tower top of the first lightning-induced tower condensation model and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the tower top of the second lightning-induced tower condensation model are consistent;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode.
2. The lightning strike testing system of the lightning strike tower scaling model of claim 1, further comprising: the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the oscilloscope;
the output end of the impulse voltage generator is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor C1;
the second end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor C2 and the input end of the oscilloscope respectively;
the second end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
3. The lightning stroke test system of the lightning stroke tower scaling model according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage electrode is a cylindrical metal rod, and a metal ball is arranged at a discharge end of the high-voltage electrode.
4. The lightning strike testing system of claim 1, wherein the surge voltage generator comprises: a bump resistor R1, a third capacitor C3, a first spherical electrode and a second spherical electrode;
the first end of the third capacitor C3 is electrically connected with the first end of the impact resistor R1, and the second end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded;
the second end of the impact resistor R1 is electrically connected with the first spherical electrode;
the second spherical electrode is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode, and the first spherical electrode and the second spherical electrode are arranged in a non-contact mode.
5. The lightning strike testing system of claim 4, wherein the surge voltage generator further comprises: a protection resistor R2;
the second spherical electrode is electrically connected with the first end of the protection resistor R2, and the second end of the protection resistor R2 is electrically connected with the electric connection end of the high-voltage electrode.
6. The lightning strike testing system of the lightning strike tower scaling model of claim 1, further comprising: a camera;
and setting the distance between the position of the camera and the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode to be greater than or equal to a preset safety distance.
7. The lightning strike testing system of claim 1, wherein the spacing between the top of the first lightning strike scaling model and the top of the second lightning strike scaling model is 6m.
8. The lightning stroke test system of the lightning stroke model according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the top of the first lightning stroke model and the distance between the discharge end of the high-voltage electrode and the top of the second lightning stroke model are both 4m.
9. A lightning strike testing system according to claim 3, wherein the length of the cylindrical metal rod is 15m, the cross-sectional diameter of the cylindrical metal rod is 60mm, and the diameter of the metal ball is 80mm.
10. The lightning strike test system of the lightning strike initiation tower scaling model according to claim 1, wherein the height to ground of the tower top of the first lightning strike initiation tower scaling model and the second lightning strike initiation tower scaling model is 4.5m.
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