CN107633756B - Visible experimental device for carbon dioxide desublimation - Google Patents

Visible experimental device for carbon dioxide desublimation Download PDF

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CN107633756B
CN107633756B CN201710751580.1A CN201710751580A CN107633756B CN 107633756 B CN107633756 B CN 107633756B CN 201710751580 A CN201710751580 A CN 201710751580A CN 107633756 B CN107633756 B CN 107633756B
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desublimation
carbon dioxide
temperature
cavity
dry ice
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CN107633756A (en
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厉劲风
邱利民
王雅宁
王建熊
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a visible experimental device for carbon dioxide desublimation, which belongs to the field of design of gas desublimation experimental devices and comprises a desublimation device, a desublimation cavity, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, wherein the desublimation cavity is internally provided with a desublimation cavity for carbon dioxide to be desublimated into dry ice, and the gas inlet and the gas outlet are communicated with the desublimation cavity; the cold source is used for providing cold energy for carbon dioxide desublimation; the temperature control assembly comprises a heat conduction piece and at least one heating layer, wherein the heat conduction piece is used for transferring cold energy in the cold source to the desublimation cavity, and the at least one heating layer is sequentially arranged on the heat conduction piece; the measuring component is used for measuring the thickness of the dry ice in the desublimation cavity; and the controller adjusts the temperature of the low-temperature wall surface of the desublimation cavity through the controlled temperature control component. Carbon dioxide gas is desublimated at the wall of desublimating chamber, and the wall temperature in control desublimating chamber is controlled to control temperature control assembly, and then makes carbon dioxide take place the desublimating at the wall of this temperature, and the thickness of measurement subassembly measurement dry ice obtains the desublimating law of carbon dioxide under the different temperatures.

Description

Visible experimental device for carbon dioxide desublimation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of design of gas desublimation experimental devices, in particular to a carbon dioxide desublimation visual experimental device.
Background
Under the trend of global warming, carbon capture and sequestration technology is considered as one of the important and effective means for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon capture technology can be further classified into a solution absorption method, a pressure swing adsorption method, a membrane separation method, a cryogenic separation method, and the like according to different methods for achieving carbon capture. The low-temperature separation method is a method combining direct cooling and physical phase change to separate carbon dioxide, and can be gas-liquid separation, gas-solid separation or the combination of the gas-liquid separation and the gas-solid separation. Compared with a mature absorption method and an adsorption method, the low-temperature desublimated carbon capture technology has the advantages of no regeneration and compression energy consumption, safety, no pollution, convenience in storage and transportation and the like.
When the low-temperature desublimation method is adopted for capturing carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide is precipitated in a solid state and deposited on the surface of equipment along with the capturing process, and in order to deeply understand the crystal formation and growth mechanism of carbon dioxide gas on the heat exchange surface at low temperature, the observation by means of visualization is also needed.
For the research of capturing carbon dioxide by the low-temperature desublimation method, it is very important to obtain the growth rule of the carbon dioxide ice layer under different low-temperature side temperature conditions, and no experimental device capable of obtaining the growth rule of the carbon dioxide ice layer is developed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbon dioxide desublimation visual experiment device, which can provide a constant temperature on a low-temperature side, and meanwhile, the growth rule of a carbon dioxide ice layer changing along with the temperature can be obtained by measuring the thickness of the dry ice layer in the carbon dioxide desublimation experiment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a visible experimental apparatus for carbon dioxide desublimation, comprising:
the desublimation device is internally provided with a desublimation cavity for desublimation of carbon dioxide into dry ice, and an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the desublimation cavity;
the cold source is used for providing cold energy for carbon dioxide desublimation;
the temperature control assembly comprises a heat conduction piece and at least one heating layer, wherein the heat conduction piece is used for transferring cold energy in the cold source to the desublimation cavity, and the at least one heating layer is sequentially arranged on the heat conduction piece;
the measuring component is used for measuring the thickness of the dry ice in the desublimation cavity;
and the controller adjusts the temperature of the low-temperature side in the desublimation cavity by controlling the heat conducting piece, and records the rule that the desublimation thickness of the dry ice changes along with the temperature according to the thickness of the dry ice generated by the desublimation of the carbon dioxide measured in real time.
According to the technical scheme, the precooled carbon dioxide gas enters the desublimation cavity through the gas inlet, the carbon dioxide gas is desublimated on the low-temperature wall surface of the desublimation cavity to generate dry ice, and the rest carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the gas outlet. The cold volume of the low temperature wall in the chamber that desublimates obtains from the cold source, and simultaneously, the controller heats the cold volume that transmits the chamber wall that desublimates from the cold source through control temperature control assembly to the low temperature wall temperature in control chamber, and then make carbon dioxide take place the desublimation at the wall of different temperatures, measure the thickness of dry ice and send the controller to through measuring assembly, obtain the law of desublimation of carbon dioxide under this different temperatures.
The specific scheme is that the desublimation device, the cold source and the temperature control component are arranged in a vacuum cavity. The vacuum chamber is vacuumized, so that the heat leakage of the constant-temperature desublimation device can be reduced. Meanwhile, the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the desublimation chamber pass through the side wall of the vacuum chamber through pipelines and are respectively connected with a gas supply device and a recovery device.
More specifically, transparent windows corresponding to the positions are arranged at the tops of the desublimation chamber and the vacuum chamber, and the measuring assembly is positioned above the transparent windows. The desublimation phenomenon in the desublimation cavity can be observed through the transparent window, and meanwhile, the measuring assembly can accurately measure the thickness of the dry ice through the transparent window.
The other more specific scheme is that the cold source is a liquid nitrogen pool, one end of the heat conducting piece extends into the liquid nitrogen pool, and the other end of the heat conducting piece is attached to the outer wall of the desublimation cavity. And both sides of the upper wall surface of the liquid nitrogen pool are respectively provided with a liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline and a nitrogen outlet pipeline which penetrate through the side wall of the vacuum cavity.
The liquid nitrogen is injected into the liquid nitrogen pool through the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline until the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen is higher than the bottom surface of the heat conducting piece, but a certain gap is reserved between the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen and the upper wall surface of the liquid nitrogen pool, so that the liquid nitrogen is prevented from entering the nitrogen outlet pipeline, and the nitrogen generated by the gasification of the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen pool is discharged through the nitrogen outlet pipeline.
Another more specific aspect is that the measuring assembly comprises a range finder. The rangefinder may be an ultrasonic rangefinder. During specific work, the ultrasonic range finder generates pulse ultrasonic waves, the pulse ultrasonic waves sequentially penetrate through transparent windows on the vacuum cavity and the desublimation cavity and vertically irradiate to the dry ice layer, and the thickness of the dry ice layer is calculated by measuring the time difference of the ultrasonic waves reflected from the upper surface and the lower surface of the dry ice layer. The distance measuring instrument can also be a laser distance measuring instrument or other distance measuring instruments, and the specific working process is carried out according to respective measuring principles, which is not described herein again.
In order to measure the thickness of the dry ice at different positions, a more specific scheme is that the measuring assembly further comprises a slide rail, the distance measuring instrument is in sliding fit with the slide rail, and the distance measuring instrument moves on the slide rail in parallel with the transparent window, so that the thickness of the dry ice at different positions is measured.
The other specific scheme is that the heat conducting piece is a copper body, a plurality of cavities are arranged in the copper body, and the heating layer is located in the cavities of the copper body.
Each heating layer comprises a temperature sensor and a plurality of heaters which are distributed in the same layer and controlled by a controller; the cavities for placing the same-layer temperature sensors are communicated with each other.
Preferably, set up two zone of heating and two sets of temperature sensor, through controlling first zone of heating and second zone of heating, heat with certain power at two different horizontal planes, make the inside different temperature gradients that form of heat conduction spare, but the temperature on two different horizontal planes of first group temperature sensor and second group temperature sensor real-time measurement, with signal transmission to controller, according to the required temperature of user, first zone of heating and second zone of heating are further controlled to the controller, regulate and control the inside temperature distribution of heat conduction spare, so regulate and control in real time, make the constancy of temperature of the last wall of heat conduction spare at the required temperature of user.
The heaters on the same layer are connected with each other, the temperature sensors on the same group are connected with each other, and all the heaters and the temperature sensors are arranged in the heat conducting piece and are tightly attached to the wall surface of the heat conducting piece. The heaters on the same layer or the temperature sensors in the same group are uniformly distributed on the same horizontal plane. The first group of temperature sensors and the second group of temperature sensors transmit data to the controller in real time, and the controller controls the heating power of the first heating layer and the second heating layer in real time according to the temperature required by a user, so that the temperature required by the user is obtained on the upper wall surface of the heat conducting piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the carbon dioxide desublimation visual experiment device can provide a constant temperature at a low-temperature side, and further obtain the growth rule of a carbon dioxide ice layer under different low-temperature side temperature conditions; meanwhile, the thickness of the carbon dioxide ice layer at different positions can be measured in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermostatic control module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The figures are numbered:
1. a vacuum chamber; 2. a desublimation chamber; 3. an air intake line; 4. an air outlet pipeline; 5. a temperature control assembly; 6. a liquid nitrogen pool; 7. a liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline; 8. a nitrogen outlet pipeline; 9. a first transparent window; 10. a second transparent window; 11. an ultrasonic range finder; 12. a slide rail; 13. a controller; 14. a second temperature sensor group; 15. a second heating layer; 16. a first temperature sensor group; 17. a first heating layer; 18. a temperature sensor; 19. a heater.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the visible experimental apparatus for carbon dioxide desublimation of the present embodiment includes a vacuum chamber 1, a constant temperature desublimation unit, a measurement component, and a controller 13.
The constant temperature desublimation unit is arranged in the vacuum cavity 1 and comprises a desublimation cavity 2, a temperature control component 5 and a cold source, wherein the cold source is a liquid nitrogen pool 6 in the embodiment. The upper surface of the desublimation chamber 2 is provided with a first transparent window 9, the two sides of the desublimation chamber 2 are respectively provided with an air inlet pipeline 3 and an air outlet pipeline 4, the air inlet pipeline and the air outlet pipeline respectively penetrate through the side wall of the vacuum chamber 1 and then are communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet of the desublimation chamber 2, precooled carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the desublimation chamber 2 for desublimation, the part of the carbon dioxide in the desublimation chamber 2 is desublimed into dry ice, and the other part of the carbon dioxide is discharged.
Referring to fig. 2, temperature control assembly 5 sets up under desublimation chamber 2, temperature control assembly 5 includes a copper heat-conducting piece and from supreme first zone of heating 17 of setting gradually in the copper heat-conducting piece down, first temperature sensor group 16, second zone of heating 15 and second temperature sensor group 14, first zone of heating 17 and second zone of heating 15 form by the horizontal equipartition of a plurality of heaters 19, first temperature sensor group 16 and second temperature sensor group 14 form by the horizontal equipartition of a plurality of temperature sensor 18, and each zone of heating and each temperature sensor group all are controlled by control processing unit 13. In this embodiment, the heater 19 is a micro heater, and the temperature sensor 18 is a micro temperature sensor. The copper heat conducting piece is internally provided with a plurality of cavities which are used for placing the heaters on the same layer or the temperature sensors on the same layer and are communicated with each other.
The upper wall surface of the copper heat conducting piece is tightly attached to the lower wall surface of the desublimation cavity 2. The liquid nitrogen pool 6 is arranged below the heat-conducting member, and meanwhile, the lower part of the heat-conducting member is wrapped in the liquid nitrogen pool 6. And a liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline 7 is arranged on one side of the upper wall surface of the liquid nitrogen pool 6, a nitrogen outlet pipeline 8 is arranged on the other side of the upper wall surface of the liquid nitrogen pool, and the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline 7 and the nitrogen outlet pipeline 8 both penetrate through the wall surface of the vacuum cavity 1.
The upper surface of the vacuum chamber 1 is provided with a second transparent window 10 which is opposite to and parallel to the first transparent window 9, in this embodiment, the first transparent window 9 and the second transparent window 10 are glass windows. The measuring assembly comprises an ultrasonic distance measuring instrument 11 and a sliding rail 12, the ultrasonic distance measuring instrument 11 is arranged right above the second transparent window 10, and the ultrasonic distance measuring instrument 11 can move on the sliding rail 12 in parallel with the second transparent window 10. The signal output of the ultrasonic distance meter 11 is connected to the controller 13.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the thickness of the dry ice is measured by using the ultrasonic distance meter, but the thickness is not limited to using the ultrasonic distance meter, and a laser distance meter, an infrared distance meter, and the like may also be used.
The working principle and the process of the embodiment are as follows:
the vacuum chamber 1 is evacuated to reduce the heat leakage of the constant temperature desublimation unit. The precooled carbon dioxide gas enters the desublimation cavity 2 through the air inlet pipeline 3, the temperature of the lower wall surface of the desublimation cavity 2 is low, the carbon dioxide gas is desublimated on the lower wall surface of the desublimation cavity 2 to generate dry ice, and the rest carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the air outlet pipeline 4. The temperature of the lower wall surface of the desublimation chamber 2 is controlled by the temperature control component 5.
Liquid nitrogen is injected into the liquid nitrogen pool 6 through the liquid nitrogen inlet pipeline 7 until the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen is higher than the lower wall surface of the temperature control component 5, but a certain gap is reserved between the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen and the upper wall surface of the liquid nitrogen pool 6, so that the liquid nitrogen is ensured not to enter the nitrogen outlet pipeline 8, and nitrogen generated by gasification of the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen pool 6 is discharged through the nitrogen outlet pipeline 8.
Because the lower wall face of the copper heat conduction piece of temperature control component 5 submerges in the liquid nitrogen, therefore the lower wall face of heat conduction piece is invariable liquid nitrogen temperature, through controlling first zone of heating 17 and second zone of heating 15, heat with certain power at two different horizontal planes, make the inside different temperature gradients that forms of heat conduction piece, first temperature sensor group 16 and second temperature sensor group 14 can measure the temperature on two different horizontal planes in real time, transmit the signal to controller 13, according to the required temperature of user, controller 13 further controls first zone of heating 17 and second zone of heating 15, regulate and control the inside temperature distribution of heat conduction piece, so real-time regulation and control, make the temperature constancy of the upper wall face of heat conduction piece at the required temperature of user.
The ultrasonic distance meter 11 generates pulse ultrasonic waves, the pulse ultrasonic waves penetrate through the second transparent window 10 and the first transparent window 9 and vertically irradiate to the dry ice layer, and the thickness of the dry ice layer is calculated by measuring the time difference of the ultrasonic waves reflected from the upper surface and the lower surface of the dry ice layer. The ultrasonic distance meter 11 is movable on the slide rail 12 parallel to the second transparent window 10 so that the thickness of the dry ice at different positions can be measured.
The embodiment provides the constant temperature of one low temperature side, and can measure the thickness of the carbon dioxide ice layer at different positions in real time, thereby obtaining the growth rule of the carbon dioxide ice layer under the temperature conditions of different low temperature sides.
The above description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A carbon dioxide visual experimental apparatus that desublimates, its characterized in that includes:
the desublimation device is internally provided with a desublimation cavity for desublimating carbon dioxide into dry ice, and an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the desublimation cavity;
the cold source is used for providing cold energy for carbon dioxide desublimation;
the temperature control assembly is arranged right below the desublimation chamber and comprises a heat conducting piece for transmitting cold energy in the cold source to the desublimation chamber, and a first heating layer, a first temperature sensor group, a second heating layer and a second temperature sensor group which are sequentially arranged in the heat conducting piece from bottom to top, wherein the first heating layer and the second heating layer are formed by horizontally and uniformly distributing a plurality of heaters, the first temperature sensor group and the second temperature sensor group are formed by horizontally and uniformly distributing a plurality of temperature sensors, and each heating layer and each temperature sensor group are controlled by a controller; a plurality of cavities are arranged in the heat conducting piece and are used for placing the heaters on the same layer or the temperature sensors on the same layer to be communicated with each other;
a measuring assembly for measuring the dry ice thickness of the desublimation chamber;
the controller adjusts the temperature of the low-temperature side in the desublimation cavity by controlling the heat conducting piece, and records the desublimation thickness of the dry ice and the rule of temperature change according to the thickness of the dry ice measured in real time;
the desublimation device, the cold source and the temperature control component are arranged in a vacuum cavity; the upper surface of the desublimation cavity is provided with a first transparent window; a second transparent window which is opposite to and parallel to the first transparent window is arranged on the upper surface of the vacuum cavity, the measuring assembly comprises an ultrasonic range finder and a slide rail, the ultrasonic range finder is arranged right above the second transparent window, the ultrasonic range finder can be parallel to the second transparent window on the slide rail, and the signal output end of the ultrasonic range finder is connected with the controller;
the precooled carbon dioxide gas enters the desublimation cavity through the gas inlet, the carbon dioxide gas is desublimated on the low-temperature wall surface of the desublimation cavity to generate dry ice, and the residual carbon dioxide gas is discharged through the gas outlet; the cold volume of the low temperature wall of the desublimation chamber is obtained from the cold source, the controller heats the cold volume transmitted to the desublimation chamber wall from the cold source by controlling the temperature control component, so that the temperature of the low temperature wall of the desublimation chamber is controlled, carbon dioxide is desublimed on the walls at different temperatures, the thickness of dry ice is measured by the measuring component, and the thickness of the dry ice is transmitted to the controller, so that the desublimation rule of the carbon dioxide at different temperatures is obtained.
2. The visual experimental apparatus of carbon dioxide desublimation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the top of the desublimation chamber and the vacuum chamber is provided with transparent windows with corresponding positions, and the measuring assembly is positioned above the transparent windows.
3. The visual experimental apparatus of carbon dioxide desublimation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the cold source is a liquid nitrogen pool, one end of the heat conducting piece extends into the liquid nitrogen pool, and the other end of the heat conducting piece is attached to the outer wall of the desublimation cavity.
4. The visual experimental apparatus of carbon dioxide desublimation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the measuring assembly comprises a range finder.
5. The visual experimental apparatus of carbon dioxide desublimation of claim 4, characterized in that:
the measuring component further comprises a sliding rail, and the range finder is in sliding fit with the sliding rail.
6. The visual experimental apparatus of carbon dioxide desublimation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the heat conducting piece is a copper body, a plurality of cavities are arranged in the copper body, and the heating layer is located in the cavities of the copper body.
7. The visual experimental apparatus of carbon dioxide desublimation of claim 6, characterized in that:
each heating layer comprises a temperature sensor and a plurality of heaters which are distributed in the same layer and controlled by the controller;
the cavities for placing the heaters on the same layer are communicated with each other.
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CN109709138A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-03 北京卫星环境工程研究所 The test macro and test method of vacuum and low temperature Frost deposit
CN113960105A (en) * 2020-07-21 2022-01-21 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Detection device and detection method for heat capacity and application
CN112666203B (en) * 2020-12-25 2024-09-20 浙江大学 Trace water frosting visual experimental device
CN112684827A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-04-20 浙江大学 Constant-temperature frosting cold noodle device based on PID control and constant-temperature control method thereof
CN114425538B (en) * 2022-03-15 2023-01-03 广东工业大学 Dry ice cleaning and recycling device and method

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