CN107623379B - Harbor ship shore power connection system and method based on voltage difference envelope curve - Google Patents
Harbor ship shore power connection system and method based on voltage difference envelope curve Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a port ship shore power connection system based on a voltage difference envelope curve, which comprises a shore power transformer, a first switch, a voltage difference envelope curve detection device and a control component; the shore power transformer is connected into ship power through a first switch; the voltage difference envelope detection device is connected with the first switch in parallel, converts the acquired voltage difference envelope signal between shore power and ship power into a periodic forward pulse signal, and transmits the periodic forward pulse signal to the control component; the control component takes the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, takes T time before and after the datum point, sets the 2T time as a butt joint time period, sends a closing signal to the first switch in the butt joint time period, controls the first switch to close, and accesses shore power through a shore power transformer, thereby realizing seamless butt joint of the shore power and the ship power and ensuring normal operation of equipment. The invention also discloses a method for receiving shore power from the port ship based on the voltage difference envelope curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship electricity utilization, in particular to a system and a method for receiving shore power from a port ship based on a voltage difference envelope curve.
Background
Marine shore power technology refers to the access of a ship to a dockside power grid during a harbor, obtaining the power required for its water pumps, communications, ventilation, lighting and other facilities from an onshore power source, thereby shutting down its own diesel generator. The emission of waste gas can be effectively reduced after the ship is connected with the shore power, the energy-saving and environment-friendly system has the remarkable advantages of energy conservation and environment friendliness, and noise pollution generated by the operation of the generator set can be reduced, and the cost is reduced, so that the government and traffic departments, shipping enterprises and port enterprises can greatly push the use of the shore power.
However, the existing ship shore power connection technology generally adopts a mode of firstly stopping ship power, then connecting shore power, firstly cutting off shore power and then starting a ship generator, and after a lot of equipment on the ship is powered off, the reset time is long and troublesome, so that a lot of ships are unwilling to connect shore power by port. Although the prior art has some ways of uninterrupted power supply and shore power connection, such as a high-voltage variable-frequency shore power technology, the way has high investment cost and is only applicable to special ships and special wharfs. In addition, when the shore power is connected without power outage, the transient parallel operation of the two power systems can be executed only when the voltage, the phase, the frequency and the like of the shore power are smaller than the characteristic difference of the shore power, the load transfer operation can be executed, the voltage of the shore power is disordered, and if the power characteristic difference of the shore power and the shore power is too large, the circulation generated when the shore power is connected with the shore power easily damages the variable-voltage equipment of the shore power, the generator of the ship and the ship equipment, so that the normal operation of the shore power, the generator of the ship and the ship equipment is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a harbor ship shore power connection system based on a voltage difference envelope curve, which has the advantages of realizing seamless connection of shore power and ship power under the condition of continuous ship power interruption, effectively preventing the damage of circulating current to shore power transformation equipment, ship generators and ship equipment when the ship power is connected with the shore power, and ensuring normal operation of the shore power, the ship generators and the ship equipment.
A harbor ship shore power connection system based on a voltage difference envelope comprises a shore power transformer, a first switch, a voltage difference envelope detection device and a control component;
the shore power transformer is connected into ship power through the first switch (K2); the voltage difference envelope detection device is connected with the first switch (K2) in parallel, converts the acquired voltage difference envelope signal between shore power and ship power into a periodic forward pulse signal, and transmits the periodic forward pulse signal to the control component; the control component is respectively connected with the voltage difference envelope detection device and a first switch (K2); the control component takes the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, takes T time before and after the datum point, sets the 2T time as a butt joint time period, sends a closing signal to the first switch (K2) in the butt joint time period, controls the first switch (K2) to close, and accesses shore power through a shore power transformer, so that seamless butt joint of the shore power and the ship power is realized; wherein T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.01s;
The voltage difference envelope detection device comprises a voltage difference acquisition circuit, an absolute value conversion circuit and a shaping detection circuit; two input ends of the voltage difference acquisition circuit are respectively connected in parallel with two ends of the first switch (K2) and acquire voltage difference envelope signals of ship electricity and shore electricity; the output end of the voltage difference acquisition circuit is connected with the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit, and the voltage difference envelope signal is transmitted to the absolute value conversion circuit; the output end of the absolute value conversion circuit is connected with the input end of the shaping detection circuit, and the voltage difference envelope signal is converted into a forward voltage difference envelope signal and then transmitted to the shaping detection circuit; the shaping detection circuit carries out detection processing on the voltage difference envelope signal, converts the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulsation signal and then transmits the periodic forward pulsation signal to the control component.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the voltage difference envelope signals of the shore power and the shore power are measured, the lowest point of the voltage difference envelope signals is obtained, the docking time period is set according to the lowest point, the closing signal is sent in the docking time period, the shore power and the shore power are seamlessly docked under the condition that the shore power is not disconnected, damage to the shore power voltage transformation equipment, the ship generator and the ship equipment caused by circulating current when the shore power and the shore power are connected is effectively prevented, and normal operation of the shore power, the ship generator and the ship equipment is ensured.
Further, a second switch (K3) for controlling whether the voltage difference envelope detection device is connected or not is also included; the first switch (K2) is provided with a first set of contact points for electrically connecting with the ship and a second set of contact points for connecting with a shore power transformer; a first set of input terminals of the voltage difference envelope detection device are connected with the first set of contact points; the second set of input terminals of the voltage difference envelope detection means is connected to the second set of contact points via the second switch (K3). When the voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are required to be detected, the second switch (K3) is switched on, the voltage difference envelope detection device is connected to the ship electricity and the shore electricity for detection, when the voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are not required to be detected, the second switch (K3) is switched on, the voltage difference envelope detection device is disconnected from the ship electricity and the shore electricity, and damage to the voltage difference envelope detection device caused by unstable voltage of the ship electricity and the shore electricity can be prevented.
Further, the control component comprises a singlechip and an industrial control computer; the input end of the singlechip is connected with the output end of the voltage difference envelope detection device, samples and filters the periodic forward pulse signal, sets a docking time period by taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, and sends a docking signal to the industrial control computer in the docking time period; the industrial control computer sends a closing control signal to the first switch (K2) according to the butt joint signal, and the first switch (K2) receives the closing control signal and closes. Receiving a stable ground voltage difference envelope signal transmitted by a voltage difference envelope detection device through a singlechip to quickly and accurately acquire a docking time period; and then the industrial control computer sends a switching-on signal to the first switch (K2) so as to improve the response speed of the whole system.
Further, the circuit also comprises a first phase sequence switch (K1) and a second phase sequence switch (K4) which are connected in parallel; the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity are respectively connected with the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the shore power transformer through a first phase sequence switch (K1) and a first switch (K2); the control assembly further comprises a phase sequence detection device; one end of the phase sequence detection device is respectively connected with the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity, and the other end of the phase sequence detection device is respectively connected with the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the transformer so as to detect whether the phase sequences of the ship electricity and the shore power are consistent or not: if the phase sequences are consistent, closing a first phase sequence switch (K1); if the phase sequences are not identical, a second phase sequence switch (K4) is closed. The voltage difference envelope detection device can be quickly connected with ship electricity and shore electricity with the phase sequence consistent through simple switching of the first phase sequence switch (K1) and the second phase sequence switch (K4).
Further, the voltage difference acquisition circuit includes a set of hall voltage sensor assemblies; the Hall voltage sensor assembly comprises a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor, a first Hall voltage sensor and a first measuring resistor; a first input end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected with a first contact point of the first switch (K2) through the first voltage dividing resistor; the second input end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected with a second contact point of the second switch through the second voltage dividing resistor, and the first Hall voltage sensor respectively acquires a phase voltage of ship electricity and a phase voltage of shore power corresponding to the phase voltage of the ship electricity through the first input end and the second input end, so as to acquire voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore power of one phase; the output end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected with the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit and is grounded through the first measuring resistor. According to the invention, the first Hall voltage sensor generates an electromagnetic field under the action of Lorentz force through two different voltage signals of ship electricity and shore power input by two input ends, so that a voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore power is rapidly obtained.
Further, the ship power distribution device further comprises an accurate frequency meter arranged on the ship power distribution device, the accurate frequency meter is used for measuring ship power frequency, and according to the ship power frequency measured by the accurate frequency meter, an engine throttle is manually or automatically adjusted to adjust the ship power frequency, so that the ship power frequency is lower than the shore power frequency by 0.1Hz-0.5Hz, and then the ship power and the shore power are in butt joint, so that the highest load power borne by the generator is 100%, the lowest load power is 30%, and the ideal state is about 50%. The situation that the power of the shore power is too high and the generator shakes is prevented, so that the generator is tripped; the power of the generator is too high, so that the generator can automatically trip, load impact can be caused to shore power in the process, and the shore power passing gate trip can occur in severe cases.
The invention also provides a method for receiving shore power from port ships based on the voltage difference envelope curve by adopting the system, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a voltage difference envelope signal of ship electricity and shore electricity, and converting the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulsation signal;
taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, taking T time before and after the datum point, and setting the 2T time as a butting time period, wherein T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.01s;
Judging whether the current moment is in the docking time period, and docking the ship electricity with the shore power if the current moment is in the docking time period.
According to the invention, by measuring the voltage difference envelope signals of the shore power and the shore power, acquiring the lowest point of the voltage difference envelope signals, setting the docking time period according to the lowest point, and transmitting the closing signal in the docking time period, the seamless docking of the shore power and the shore power is realized under the condition of not cutting off the shore power, the damage of the circulating current to the variable voltage equipment of the shore power, the generator of the ship and the ship equipment when the shore power is connected with the shore power is effectively prevented, and the normal operation of the shore power, the generator of the ship and the ship equipment is ensured.
Further, before the ship electricity is in butt joint with the shore electricity, the ship electricity frequency is measured through a precise frequency meter arranged on a ship power distribution device, and an engine throttle is manually or automatically adjusted to adjust the ship electricity frequency, so that the ship electricity frequency is 0.1Hz-0.5Hz lower than the shore electricity frequency, and then the ship electricity is in butt joint with the shore electricity, so that the highest load power born by the generator is 100%, the lowest load power is 30%, and the ideal state is about 50%. The situation that the power of the shore power is too high and the generator shakes is prevented, so that the generator is tripped; the power of the generator is too high, so that the generator can automatically trip, load impact can be caused to shore power in the process, and the shore power passing gate trip can occur in severe cases.
Further, the voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore electricity is a voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore electricity of one phase. By detecting the voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity of one phase, the optimal time for the seamless docking of the ship electricity and the shore electricity is rapidly determined, the workload is saved, and the working efficiency is improved.
For a better understanding and implementation, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for harbour ship shore power based on a voltage difference envelope of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a system for harbour ship shore power generation based on voltage difference envelope in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity, wherein the graph (a) is an envelope with the same voltage and different frequencies of the ship electricity and the shore electricity; the graph (b) is an envelope diagram when the voltage and the frequency of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are different; fig. (c) is an envelope of phases of ship electricity and shore electricity; the graph (d) is an envelope diagram when the voltages of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are the same and the frequencies and the phases are different;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a Hall voltage sensor assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of three sets of output waveforms measured when the Hall voltage sensor in example 1 is empty;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing output of the Hall voltage sensor in example 1 connected to ship electricity and shore power;
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of an absolute value conversion circuit in embodiment 1;
fig. 8 is an output waveform diagram of the absolute value conversion circuit in embodiment 1;
fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of the shaping detection circuit in embodiment 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of the output waveform and the voltage difference envelope curve of the shaping detection circuit in example 1;
FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram of the output of the SCM in example 1;
fig. 12 is a circuit diagram of the voltage difference envelope detection apparatus in embodiment 2;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a method for harbour ship shore power based on voltage difference envelope in example 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the present embodiment, a voltage-difference-envelope-based harbor ship shore power system, specifically, a voltage-difference-envelope-based harbor ship shore power system includes a shore power transformer T1, a first switch K2, a second switch K3, a voltage-difference-envelope detecting device 11, and a control component 12.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a harbor ship shore power connection based on a voltage difference envelope curve according to the present invention; fig. 2 is a signal schematic diagram of a harbor ship shore power system based on a voltage difference envelope in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The shore power transformer T1 and the first switch K2 are sequentially connected and connected into ship power. The first switch K2 is provided with a first set of contact points for electrical connection with the ship and a second set of contact points for connection with the shore power transformer T1. A first set of input terminals of said voltage difference envelope detection means 11 is connected to said first set of contact points; the second set of input terminals of the voltage difference envelope detection means 11 is connected via the second switch K3 to the second set of contact points for parallel connection with the first switch K2. The control unit 12 is connected to the voltage difference envelope detection device 11 and the first switch K2, respectively.
The voltage difference envelope detection device 11 acquires a voltage difference envelope signal between shore power and ship power, converts the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulse signal and then transmits the periodic forward pulse signal to the control component 12; the control component 12 takes the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a reference point, takes T time before and after the reference point, sets the 2T time as a docking time period, sends a closing signal to the first switch K2 in the docking time period, controls the first switch K2 to close, and accesses shore power through the shore power transformer T1, thereby realizing seamless docking of the shore power and the ship power. Wherein T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.01s, the period of alternating current is 0.02s, and the closing time point is extracted in a half period.
Specifically, let u 1 、u 2 Respectively expressed as ship electricity and shore electricity, and the voltage values of the two voltages can be expressed by sine functions, wherein U 1 、U 2 Amplitude voltages of ship electricity and shore power voltage respectively; omega 1 ＝2πf 1 、ω 2 ＝2πf 2 And omega 1 And omega 2 Angular frequency, f, expressed as ship and shore power, respectively 1 And f 2 Frequencies respectively denoted ship electricity and shore power;
and->
And respectively representing the phases of the ship electricity and the shore power voltage, wherein the voltage difference u between the ship electricity and the shore power meets the following formula:
u＝u 1 -u 2 ＝U 1 sin(ω 1 t+ψ 1 )-U 2 sin(ω 2 t+ψ 2 ) (1)
set U 1 ＝U 2 ＝U (2)
It is known that the voltage difference between the ship electricity and the shore electricity is composed of a high-frequency sine part and a low-frequency cosine part.
Please refer to fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity, specifically, fig. (a) is an envelope with the same voltage amplitude and different frequencies of the ship electricity and the shore electricity; the graph (b) is an envelope diagram when the voltage amplitudes and frequencies of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are different; fig. (c) is an envelope of phases of ship electricity and shore electricity; the graph (d) is an envelope graph when the voltage amplitudes of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are the same and the frequencies and phases are different, wherein the abscissa of the four graphs represents time and the ordinate represents the voltage difference amplitude.
Setting the standard of shore power and shore power to 400V/50Hz, and under the condition of fluctuation, the voltage difference amplitude delta U of the shore power and the shore power is 10 percent U, the frequency difference delta f of the shore power and the shore power is 0.5Hz, and the phase difference value of the shore power and the shore power 
(wherein, ψ 1 ＝π/2，Ψ 2 = -pi/2), transient voltage difference envelope range: 0 to 1200V (i.e. equivalent to 0 to 1.5X2U) 1 ) The envelope period is about 4s. The graph (a) shows that when the voltage amplitudes of the ship electricity and the shore power are the same and the frequencies are different, the envelope line has zero crossing points, namely the circulation between the ship electricity and the shore power is 0, and at the moment, the influence generated when the uninterruptible power is connected to the shore power is the smallest, so that the method can be used as the best time when the ship electricity and the shore power are in seamless butt joint.
In the invention, if the phase sequences of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are consistent, such as the phase sequences of the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the shore electricity and the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the ship electricity are consistent, according to the symmetry of the three-phase voltage, only the relative voltage of one phase, such as the voltage difference of the A phase and the U phase of the ship electricity of the shore electricity, is needed to be measured, and the optimal time for the seamless docking of the ship electricity and the shore electricity can be determined according to the relative voltage of the relative phase. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the phase sequences of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are consistent, the relative voltage of one phase is measured to describe how to select the best time when the ship electricity and the shore electricity are in seamless connection.
The voltage difference envelope detection apparatus 11 includes a voltage difference acquisition circuit 111, an absolute value conversion circuit 112, and a shaping detection circuit 113. The two input ends of the voltage difference acquisition circuit 111 are respectively connected in parallel to the two ends of the first switch K2, and acquire voltage difference envelope signals of any one-phase power supply of ship electricity and shore electricity; an output terminal of the voltage difference acquisition circuit 111 is connected to an input terminal of the absolute value conversion circuit 112, and transmits the voltage difference envelope signal to the absolute value conversion circuit 112; an output end of the absolute value conversion circuit 112 is connected with an input end of the shaping detection circuit 113, and converts the voltage difference envelope signal into a forward voltage difference envelope signal and then transmits the forward voltage difference envelope signal to the shaping detection circuit 113; the shaping detection circuit 113 performs detection processing on the voltage difference envelope signal, converts the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward ripple signal, and transmits the periodic forward ripple signal to the control unit 12.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6, fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a hall voltage sensor assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a graph of three sets of output waveforms measured when the Hall voltage sensor in example 1 is empty; FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing output of the Hall voltage sensor in example 1 connected to ship electricity and shore power; wherein the abscissa of fig. 5 represents time in ms; the ordinate represents the voltage difference amplitude, in V; the abscissa of fig. 6 represents time in ms; the ordinate indicates the voltage difference amplitude in mV.
The voltage difference acquisition circuit 111 includes a set of hall voltage sensor assemblies. The Hall voltage sensor assembly comprises a first wiring seat X1, a first voltage dividing resistor R1, a second voltage dividing resistor R2, a first Hall voltage sensor A1 and a first measuring resistor R3. The first phase voltage of the ship electricity is connected with the first wiring terminal of the first wiring seat X1 through the first group of contact points of the first switch K2; and a phase voltage of the shore power is connected with a second wiring terminal of the first wiring seat X1 through a second group of contact points of the first switch K2, wherein the phase voltage of the shore power and the phase voltage of the shore power are consistent in phase sequence. A first input end of the first hall voltage sensor A1 is connected with a first wiring terminal of the first wiring seat X1 through the first voltage dividing resistor R1; the second input end of the first hall voltage sensor A1 is connected with the second wiring terminal of the first wiring seat X1 through the second voltage dividing resistor R2, and the first hall voltage sensor A1 respectively obtains a phase voltage of the ship electricity and a shore power phase voltage corresponding to the phase voltage of the ship electricity through the first input end and the second input end, so as to obtain a voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore power of one phase; the output end of the first hall voltage sensor A1 is connected to the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit 112, and is grounded through the first measuring resistor R3.
Because the current ship electricity frequency meter may have errors, the accurate frequency meter is further arranged on the ship power distribution device before the ship electricity and the shore power are in butt joint, the ship electricity frequency is measured through the accurate frequency meter, and an engine throttle is manually or automatically adjusted to adjust the ship electricity frequency, so that the ship electricity frequency is 0.1Hz-0.5Hz lower than the shore electricity frequency, and then the ship electricity and the shore power are in butt joint, so that the highest load power borne by the generator is 100%, the lowest load power is 30%, and the ideal state is about 50%. The situation that the power of the shore power is too high and the generator shakes is prevented, so that the generator is tripped; the power of the generator is too high, so that the generator can automatically trip, load impact can be caused to shore power in the process, and the shore power passing gate trip can occur in severe cases.
The principle of the hall voltage sensor is specifically described below:
the connected ship electricity and shore power apply voltage to the primary side of the Hall voltage sensor, so that current is generated on the primary side, and a magnetic field is generated at the Hall element end in the Hall voltage sensor due to the action of Lorentz force, so that potential difference is generated at the Hall element end. When the voltage of the primary side end changes, the magnetic field of the Hall element end also changes correspondingly, and when the voltage is reversed, the magnetic field is reversed, and the Hall element end generates opposite potential difference. The current signal is amplified through an operational amplifier in the Hall voltage sensor and is output to an external first measuring resistor, and the voltage on the first measuring resistor is equal-proportion voltage value of the primary side end.
Referring to fig. 7 and fig. 8, fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the absolute value conversion circuit 112 in embodiment 1; fig. 8 is an output waveform diagram of the absolute value conversion circuit 112 in embodiment 1, wherein the abscissa of fig. 8 represents time in ms; the ordinate indicates the voltage difference amplitude in mV.
The absolute value conversion circuit 112 includes a first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 and a second bipolar input transistor amplifier D7, a first switching diode V45, and a second switching diode V36. The 4 pins of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 are connected with-5V 1 voltage, the 7 pins of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 are connected with 5V1 voltage, the 3 pins of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 are grounded, and the 2 pins of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 are connected with the output end of the first Hall voltage sensor through a resistor R94. A resistor R95 and a resistor R97 are further connected between the 2 pin of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 and the 2 pin of the second bipolar input transistor amplifier D7, a resistor R96 is further connected between the 2 pin of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 and the 3 pin of the second bipolar input transistor amplifier D7, the 6 pin of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 is connected between the 3 pin of the first bipolar input transistor amplifier D6 and the resistor R96 through a forward first switching diode V45, and the pin is connected between the resistor R95 and the resistor R97 through a reverse second switching diode V36 so as to select a voltage output range; the 4 pin of the second bipolar input transistor amplifier D7 is connected with-5V 1 voltage, the 7 pin of the second bipolar input transistor amplifier D7 is connected with +5V1 voltage, the 6 pin of the second bipolar input transistor amplifier D7 outputs absolute value voltage, and the absolute value voltage is connected to the 2 pin of the second bipolar input transistor amplifier D7 through a resistor R98 so as to be fed back to a circuit.
Referring to fig. 9 and fig. 10, fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of the shaping detection circuit 113 in embodiment 1; fig. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of the waveform of the output of the shaping detection circuit 113 and the envelope of the voltage difference in embodiment 1, wherein the abscissa in fig. 10 represents time in s; the ordinate indicates the voltage difference amplitude in mV, and the image of the upper half of fig. 10 indicates the output waveform of the shaping detection circuit 113, and the lower half indicates the voltage difference envelope waveform.
The shaping detection circuit 113 includes a dual operational amplifier D8. The 8 pins of the double operational amplifier D8 are connected with +5V1 voltage, the 4 pins are grounded, and the 2 pins are connected between the resistor R99 and the resistor R100; the 3 pin is connected with the resistor R101 and then is connected with the 6 pin of the absolute value conversion circuit 112; the 1 pin is connected with the resistor R100 and the resistor R99 and then grounded, and the 1 pin outputs a shaping voltage after passing through the resistor R10 and the charging capacitor C40 and the charging capacitor C41 which are connected in parallel.
Please refer to fig. 11, which is a waveform chart of the output of the single chip microcomputer in embodiment 1, wherein the abscissa in the chart represents time, and the unit is s; the ordinate represents the voltage difference amplitude, unit mV, and the graph is the waveform of the output of the shaping detection circuit 113, the waveform of the voltage difference envelope, and the waveform of the output of the single chip in order from top to bottom.
The control assembly 12 includes a single-chip microcomputer 121 and an industrial control computer 122. The input end of the singlechip 121 is connected with the output end of the shaping detection circuit 113, samples and filters the periodic forward pulse signal, sets a docking time period by taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a reference point, and sends a docking signal to the industrial control computer 122 in the docking time period. The industrial control computer 122 sends a closing control signal to the first switch K2 according to the docking signal, and the first switch K2 closes, so that seamless docking between shore power and ship power is realized.
In order to prevent the motor and the ship electric components from being burnt out due to inconsistent phase sequences of the shore power and the ship power when the shore power is accessed, the port ship access shore power system based on the voltage difference envelope line further comprises a first phase sequence switch (K1) and a second phase sequence switch (K4). The control assembly 12 further comprises a phase sequence detection device 123 connected to the industrial computer. The connection relationship between the first phase sequence switch (K1), the second phase sequence switch (K4) and the phase sequence detecting means 123 will be described in detail.
Because the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity are consistent with the A2 phase, the B2 phase and the C2 phase of the motor G2, whether the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the transformer are consistent with the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity can be determined by only detecting whether the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the transformer are consistent with the A2 phase, the B2 phase and the C2 phase of the motor G2. Specifically, the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity are respectively connected with the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the transformer through a first phase sequence switch (K1) and a first switch (K2); the phase A, the phase B and the phase C of the ship electricity are respectively connected with the phase V, the phase U and the phase W of the shore electricity correspondingly through a second phase sequence switch (K4) and a first switch (K2). One end of the phase sequence detection device is respectively connected with the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity, and the other end of the phase sequence detection device is respectively connected with the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the transformer so as to detect whether the phase sequences of the ship electricity and the shore power are consistent or not: if the phase sequences are consistent, closing the first phase sequence switch (K1) and closing the second switch K3, and starting to detect a voltage difference envelope curve; if the phase sequences are not consistent, a second phase sequence switch (K4) is closed, and then detection of the voltage difference envelope curve is started.
For this purpose, in the present embodiment, the control assembly 12 further includes a phase sequence detecting device 123, a phase detecting device 124, a voltage detecting device 125, a frequency detecting device 126, a current detecting device 127, and a display unit 128, which are connected to the industrial computer. The phase detecting device 124, the voltage detecting device 125, the frequency detecting device 126, and the current detecting device 127 are respectively connected between the detecting switch assembly K and the first contact point of the first switch K2, so as to detect the phase sequence, the phase, the voltage, the frequency, the current, and other power information of the ship electricity, and display the power information through the display unit 128. The ship electricity and the shore power are compared to ensure that the ship electricity frequency is 0.1Hz-0.5Hz lower than the shore power frequency to perform switching-on. Further, the control component 12 is further configured to detect and display information such as voltage, current, power factor, and frequency before and after switching off and switching on both the ship power and the shore power.
The working principle of the whole system is specifically described below:
1. marine power uninterruptible power supply for shore power integration
And (5) connecting the cable, and closing a switch K5 of the ship generator. Sampling the ship electricity phase sequence, the phase, the voltage and the frequency through the industrial control computer 122, comparing the ship electricity phase sequence, the phase, the voltage and the frequency with the shore power, judging whether the A, B, C phase of the ship electricity corresponds to the U, V, W phase sequence of the shore power, if the phase sequences are consistent, closing the first phase sequence switch K1, and if the phase sequences are inconsistent, closing the second phase sequence switch K4; and then judging that the frequency of the ship electricity is 0.1Hz-0.5Hz lower than the frequency of the shore electricity, if the frequency of the ship electricity is 0.1Hz-0.5Hz lower than the frequency of the shore electricity, acquiring a voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore electricity, otherwise, not performing the butt joint work of the ship electricity and the shore electricity.
When the voltage difference envelope signals of the ship power and the shore power are detected, the industrial computer 122 is used for controlling the second switch K3 to be switched on, and the first Hall voltage sensor is used for acquiring the voltage difference envelope signals of any one-phase power supply of the ship power and the shore power and transmitting the voltage difference envelope signals to the absolute value conversion circuit 112; the absolute value conversion circuit 112 processes the voltage difference envelope signal, outputs a forward voltage difference envelope signal within a set range, and transmits the forward voltage difference envelope signal to the shaping detection circuit 113; the shaping detection circuit 113 shapes the forward voltage difference envelope signal to obtain a periodic forward pulse signal, and then the periodic forward pulse signal is transmitted to the singlechip 121; after the single chip microcomputer 121 samples and filters the forward pulse signal, a docking time period is set by taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a reference point, so that a periodic square wave signal is formed, a docking signal is sent to the industrial control computer 122 in the docking time period, the industrial control computer 122 sends a closing signal to the first switch K2, so that the first switch K2 is controlled to close, seamless docking of ship electricity and shore electricity is realized, and further transfer of ship electricity to shore electricity is realized.
2. Union of shore power into ship power
The switch K5 of the ship generator is switched on and voltage is established, at the moment, voltage difference and impact circulation are formed between the ship generator and the shore power transformer T1, the speed regulation switch of the ship generator is regulated, the industrial control computer 122 controls the first switch K2 to switch on, and then the shore power transformer T1 of shore power is cut off for voltage supply, so that the shore power is integrated into the ship power without power interruption.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the one-phase voltage difference envelope signal between the shore power and the ship power is obtained and converted into the periodic forward pulse signal, the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal is detected, the docking time period is set according to the lowest point, the closing signal is sent in the docking time period, the seamless docking of the shore power and the ship power with the same frequency is realized under the condition that the ship power is not broken, the damage of circulating current to the variable voltage equipment of the shore power, the generator of the ship and the ship equipment caused by the circulating current when the ship power and the shore power are connected is effectively prevented, and the normal operation of the shore power, the ship generator and the ship equipment is ensured.
Example 2
The system for harbour ship shore power based on voltage difference envelope of the present embodiment is basically the same as the structure and principle of embodiment 1, and the main difference is that the structure of the voltage difference envelope detecting device 11 is different, so as to obtain the voltage difference envelope signal of the ship power and the shore power of one phase through the gating of the voltage multiplexer.
Please refer to fig. 12, which is a circuit diagram of the voltage difference envelope detection apparatus in embodiment 2.
Specifically, the voltage difference envelope detection apparatus includes a voltage difference acquisition circuit 0111, an absolute value conversion circuit 0112, and a shaping detection circuit 0113. Two input ends of the voltage difference acquisition circuit 0111 are respectively connected in parallel with two ends of the first switch K2, and voltage difference envelope signals of three-phase power supplies of ship electricity and shore electricity are acquired; the output end of the voltage difference acquisition circuit 0111 is connected with the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit 0112, and the voltage difference envelope signal is transmitted to the absolute value conversion circuit 0112; the output end of the absolute value conversion circuit 0112 is connected with the input end of the shaping detection circuit 0113, and the voltage difference envelope signal is converted into a forward voltage difference envelope signal and then transmitted to the shaping detection circuit 0113; the shaping detection circuit 0113 performs detection processing on the voltage difference envelope signal, converts the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulse signal and transmits the periodic forward pulse signal to the control component.
The voltage difference acquisition circuit 0111 comprises six groups of Hall voltage sensor assemblies A1-A6 and a voltage multiplexer D9, wherein one group of Hall voltage sensors acquire ship electricity and shore electricity AU or BV or CW voltage difference signals and transmit the signals to the voltage multiplexer D9; the output end of the voltage multiplexer D9 is connected with the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit 0112, and a voltage difference envelope signal of the corresponding ship electricity and shore electricity is selected through the voltage multiplexer D9 and transmitted to the absolute conversion circuit; the other five groups of Hall voltage sensor groups are used as standby.
And two input ends of the Hall voltage sensor assembly A1 are respectively connected to the U-phase voltage of the A phase and the U-phase voltage of the shore power of the ship power, or respectively connected to the B phase voltage and the V-phase voltage of the shore power of the ship power, or respectively connected to the C phase voltage and the W phase voltage of the shore power of the ship power.
The Hall voltage sensor assembly A1 comprises a wiring seat, 4 third voltage dividing resistors connected in series, two fourth voltage dividing resistors connected in series, a second Hall voltage sensor and a second measuring resistor. The first wiring terminal of the wiring seat is connected to the A-phase voltage of the ship electricity, and the second wiring terminal of the wiring seat is connected to the B-phase voltage of the ship electricity. The first input end of the second Hall voltage sensor is connected with the first wiring terminal of the wiring seat through the 4 series-connection third voltage dividing resistors, and the second input end of the second Hall voltage sensor is connected with the second wiring terminal of the wiring seat through the two series-connection fourth voltage dividing resistors. The output end of the second Hall voltage sensor is connected to the 13 pin of the voltage multiplexer D9 and is grounded through the second measuring resistor.
In addition, the five groups of hall voltage sensor assemblies are identical to the hall voltage sensor assembly A1 in structure and principle, and only differ in the components connected with the input end and the output end, and are not described in detail herein.
And the 16 pins and the 7 pins of the voltage multiplexer are respectively connected with +5V1 voltage and-5V 1 voltage, and the 6 pins and the 8 pins of the voltage multiplexer are grounded. The 11 pin, the 10 pin and the 9 pin of the voltage multiplexer are address ends connected with the singlechip 121, and the input of the three pins is controlled through the singlechip 121, so that the input condition of other pins is controlled, and a corresponding voltage difference envelope signal of ship electricity and shore electricity is output at the 3 pin of the voltage multiplexer.
Specifically, the 11 pin of the voltage multiplexer D9 is connected to +5v1 voltage through the resistor R107, the collector of the triode V37 is connected between the 11 pin of the voltage multiplexer and the resistor R107, the emitter of the triode V37 is grounded, and the base of the triode V37 is connected to the singlechip 121. The 10 pin of the voltage multiplexer D9 is connected to +5v1 voltage through a resistor R109, and is connected to the collector of the triode V37 between the 10 pin of the voltage multiplexer D9 and the resistor R109, the emitter of the triode V37 is grounded, and the base of the triode V37 is connected to the singlechip 121. The 9 pin of the voltage multiplexer D9 is connected to +5v1 voltage through a resistor R111, and is connected to the collector of the triode V37 between the 9 pin of the voltage multiplexer D9 and the resistor R111, the emitter of the triode V37 is grounded, and the base of the triode V37 is connected to the singlechip 121.
The absolute value conversion circuit 0112 and the shaping detection circuit 0113 have the same structure as that of embodiment 1, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
In this embodiment, the voltage difference envelope detecting device 11' further includes a current obtaining circuit 114', and the current obtaining circuit 114' obtains the current of the ship electricity or the shore power to detect the current state of the ship electricity or the shore power in real time when the ship electricity or the shore power works.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the voltage difference envelope signals of the shore power and the ship power of one phase are gated through the voltage multiplexer, the lowest point of the voltage difference envelope signals is obtained, the docking time period is set according to the lowest point, the closing signal is sent in the docking time period, the seamless docking of the ship power and the ship power is realized under the condition that the ship power is not disconnected, the damage of the circulating current to the variable voltage equipment of the shore power, the generator of the ship and the ship equipment when the ship power is connected with the shore power is effectively prevented, and the normal operation of the shore power, the generator of the ship and the ship equipment is ensured.
Example 3
The invention also provides a method for receiving shore power from the port ship based on the voltage difference envelope curve, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: and acquiring a voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore electricity, and converting the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulsation signal.
The two input ends of the voltage difference acquisition circuit are respectively connected in parallel with the two ends of the first switch, and voltage difference envelope signals of any one-phase power supply of ship power and shore power are acquired; the output end of the voltage difference acquisition circuit is connected with the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit, and the voltage difference envelope signal is transmitted to the absolute value conversion circuit; the output end of the absolute value conversion circuit is connected with the input end of the shaping detection circuit, and the voltage difference envelope signal is converted into a forward voltage difference envelope signal and then transmitted to the shaping detection circuit; the shaping detection circuit carries out detection processing on the voltage difference envelope signal, converts the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulsation signal and then transmits the periodic forward pulsation signal to the control component.
The specific structure and principle of the absolute value conversion circuit and the shaping detection circuit are identical to those of embodiment 1, and are not described here again. The structure of the voltage difference acquisition circuit is the structure disclosed in embodiment 1, and is used for directly acquiring voltage difference envelope signals of one-phase ship electricity and shore power. Or the structure of the voltage difference acquisition circuit is the structure disclosed in embodiment 2, and is used for acquiring voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity of one phase through the gating of the voltage multiplexer.
In one embodiment, before acquiring the voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity, it is further determined whether the phase sequence connection of the ship electricity and the shore electricity is consistent, if so, the voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are acquired, otherwise, the phase sequence connection of the ship electricity and the shore electricity is consistent by switching the phase sequence switch. Specifically, the phase A, the phase B and the phase C of the ship electricity are correspondingly connected with the phase U, the phase V and the phase W of the shore power through a first phase sequence switch K1 and a first switch K2; the phase A, the phase B and the phase C of the ship electricity are respectively corresponding to the phase V, the phase U and the phase W of the shore power through a second phase sequence switch K4 and a first switch K2; and comparing whether the phase sequences of the ship electricity and the shore electricity are consistent or not so as to switch on the first phase sequence switch K2 or the second phase sequence switch K4.
In one embodiment, because the current ship electricity frequency table may have errors, before the ship electricity and the shore power are in butt joint, an accurate frequency table is further arranged on the ship power distribution device, the ship electricity frequency is measured through the accurate frequency table, and the ship electricity frequency is adjusted manually or automatically by adjusting an engine throttle, so that the ship electricity frequency is 0.1Hz-0.5Hz lower than the shore electricity frequency, and then the ship electricity and the shore power are in butt joint, so that the load power borne by the generator is ensured to be 100% at the highest, 30% at the lowest, and the ideal state is about 50%. The situation that the power of the shore power is too high and the generator shakes is prevented, so that the generator is tripped; the power of the generator is too high, so that the generator can automatically trip, load impact can be caused to shore power in the process, and the shore power passing gate trip can occur in severe cases.
Step S2: taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, taking T time before and after the datum point, and setting the 2T time as a butting time period, wherein T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.01s.
Step S3: judging whether the current moment is in the butt joint time period, if so, butting the ship electricity with the shore power.
The periodic forward pulse signal is sampled and filtered through the singlechip, a docking time period is set by taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, the docking time period is used for transmitting a docking signal to the industrial control computer, the industrial control computer transmits a closing control signal to the first switch according to the docking signal, and the first switch is closed, so that the seamless docking of shore power and ship power is realized.
When the port ship is required to be offshore, the shore power is required to be executed to be uninterruptedly connected with the ship power, the switch of the ship power generator can be switched on and voltage is established, at the moment, voltage difference and impact circulation are formed between the ship power generator and a shore power transformer, a speed regulation switch of the ship power generator is regulated, the shore power transformer transfers load, when the load power of the shore power transformer is reduced to 5% PN, the industrial computer controls the switch-on, and then the power supply of the shore power transformer of the shore power is cut off, so that the shore power is uninterruptedly connected with the ship power.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the voltage difference envelope signals of the shore power and the shore power are measured, the lowest point of the voltage difference envelope signals is obtained, the docking time period is set according to the lowest point, the closing signal is sent in the docking time period, the shore power and the shore power are seamlessly docked under the condition that the shore power is not disconnected, damage to the shore power voltage transformation equipment, the ship generator and the ship equipment caused by circulating current when the shore power and the shore power are connected is effectively prevented, and normal operation of the shore power, the ship generator and the ship equipment is ensured.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A system for harbour ship shore power connection based on a voltage difference envelope, characterized in that: the shore power transformer comprises a shore power transformer, a first switch, a voltage difference envelope detection device and a control component;
the shore power transformer is connected into ship power through the first switch (K2); the voltage difference envelope detection device is connected with the first switch (K2) in parallel, converts the acquired voltage difference envelope signal between shore power and ship power into a periodic forward pulse signal, and transmits the periodic forward pulse signal to the control component; the control component is respectively connected with the voltage difference envelope detection device and a first switch (K2); the control component takes the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, takes T time before and after the datum point, sets the 2T time as a butt joint time period, and sends a closing signal to the first switch (K2) in the butt joint time period to control the first switch (K2) to be closed; wherein T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.01s;
The voltage difference envelope detection device comprises a voltage difference acquisition circuit, an absolute value conversion circuit and a shaping detection circuit; two input ends of the voltage difference acquisition circuit are respectively connected in parallel with two ends of the first switch (K2) and acquire voltage difference envelope signals of ship electricity and shore electricity; the output end of the voltage difference acquisition circuit is connected with the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit, and the voltage difference envelope signal is transmitted to the absolute value conversion circuit; the output end of the absolute value conversion circuit is connected with the input end of the shaping detection circuit, and the voltage difference envelope signal is converted into a forward voltage difference envelope signal and then transmitted to the shaping detection circuit; the shaping detection circuit carries out detection processing on the voltage difference envelope signal, converts the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulsation signal and then transmits the periodic forward pulsation signal to the control component.
2. The voltage differential envelope based port marine shore power system of claim 1, wherein: a second switch (K3) for controlling whether the voltage difference envelope detection means is connected or not; the first switch (K2) is provided with a first set of contact points for electrically connecting with the ship and a second set of contact points for connecting with a shore power transformer; a first set of input terminals of the voltage difference envelope detection device are connected with the first set of contact points; the second set of input terminals of the voltage difference envelope detection means is connected to the second set of contact points via the second switch (K3).
3. The voltage differential envelope based port marine shore power system of claim 2, wherein: the control assembly comprises a singlechip and an industrial control computer; the input end of the singlechip is connected with the output end of the voltage difference envelope detection device, samples and filters the periodic forward pulse signal, sets a docking time period by taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, and sends a docking signal to the industrial control computer in the docking time period; the industrial control computer sends a closing control signal to the first switch (K2) according to the butt joint signal, and the first switch (K2) receives the closing control signal and closes.
4. The voltage differential envelope based port marine shore power system of claim 2, wherein: the circuit also comprises a first phase sequence switch (K1) and a second phase sequence switch (K4) which are connected in parallel; the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity are respectively connected with the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the shore power transformer through a first phase sequence switch (K1) and a first switch (K2); the control assembly further comprises a phase sequence detection device; one end of the phase sequence detection device is connected with the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the ship electricity respectively, and the other end of the phase sequence detection device is connected with the U phase, the V phase and the W phase of the output end of the shore power transformer respectively so as to detect whether the phase sequences of the ship electricity and the shore power are consistent or not: if the phase sequences are consistent, closing a first phase sequence switch (K1); if the phase sequences are not identical, a second phase sequence switch (K4) is closed.
5. The voltage differential envelope based port marine shore power system of claim 4, wherein: the voltage difference acquisition circuit comprises a group of Hall voltage sensor assemblies; the Hall voltage sensor assembly comprises a first voltage dividing resistor, a second voltage dividing resistor, a first Hall voltage sensor and a first measuring resistor; a first input end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected with a first contact point of the first switch (K2) through the first voltage dividing resistor; the second input end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected with a second contact point of the second switch through the second voltage dividing resistor, and the first Hall voltage sensor respectively acquires a phase voltage of ship electricity and a phase voltage of shore power corresponding to the phase voltage of the ship electricity through the first input end and the second input end, so as to acquire voltage difference envelope signals of the ship electricity and the shore power of one phase; the output end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected with the input end of the absolute value conversion circuit and is grounded through the first measuring resistor.
6. The voltage differential envelope based port marine shore power system of claim 4, wherein: the ship power distribution device is characterized by further comprising an accurate frequency meter arranged on the ship power distribution device, wherein the accurate frequency meter is used for measuring ship power frequency, and according to the ship power frequency measured by the accurate frequency meter, an engine throttle is manually or automatically adjusted to adjust the ship power frequency, so that the ship power frequency is lower than the shore power frequency by 0.1Hz-0.5Hz, and then the ship power and the shore power are in butt joint.
7. A method of harbour shore power based on a voltage difference envelope employing the system of any of claims 1 to 6, characterized by: comprises the following steps of the method,
acquiring a voltage difference envelope signal of ship electricity and shore electricity, and converting the voltage difference envelope signal into a periodic forward pulsation signal;
taking the lowest point of the periodic forward pulse signal as a datum point, taking T time before and after the datum point, and setting the 2T time as a butting time period, wherein T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.01s;
judging whether the current moment is in the docking time period, and docking the ship electricity with the shore power if the current moment is in the docking time period.
8. The method for harbour ship shore power based on voltage difference envelope of claim 7, wherein: before the ship electricity is in butt joint with the shore power, the ship electricity frequency is measured through a precise frequency meter arranged on a ship power distribution device, and an engine throttle is manually or automatically adjusted to adjust the ship electricity frequency, so that the ship electricity frequency is 0.1Hz-0.5Hz lower than the shore power frequency, and then the ship electricity is in butt joint with the shore power.
9. The method for harbour ship shore power based on voltage difference envelope of claim 7, wherein: the voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore electricity is a voltage difference envelope signal of the ship electricity and the shore electricity of one phase.
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