CN107623186A - A kind of phased array directional diagram calibration method based on weight vector mapping - Google Patents
A kind of phased array directional diagram calibration method based on weight vector mapping Download PDFInfo
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- CN107623186A CN107623186A CN201710806378.4A CN201710806378A CN107623186A CN 107623186 A CN107623186 A CN 107623186A CN 201710806378 A CN201710806378 A CN 201710806378A CN 107623186 A CN107623186 A CN 107623186A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of phased array directional diagram calibration method based on weight vector mapping, belong to array antenna technique field.It can be applicable in phased array and the design of adaptive array.Methods described is specially according to the relation between preferable point source array pattern weight vector and actual antennas array pattern weight vector, establishes matrix equation, calculates directional diagram calibration matrix.The amount that this method needs to test relative to other method, array pattern are easier to test, and workload is smaller；Compared to other methods, this method is more suitable for the beam alignmetn of polarizers of big angle scope；This method has been included in the amplitude phase error of radio-frequency channel simultaneously, and therefore, the sensor gain and phase uncertainties of passage are also calibrated simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of phased array directional diagram calibration method based on weight vector mapping, belong to array antenna skill
Art field.It can be applicable in phased array and the design of adaptive array.
Background technology
Large-angle scanning and high-precision beam position have important application in such as detection, direction finding etc..However, due to list
Coupling and the influence of element pattern, large-angle scanning performance are often given a discount between member.Particularly when away from normal direction, array
Maximum gain beam position to deviate desired orientation larger.Therefore, the method for many mutual coupling compensations and beam alignmetn is suggested.
I.J.Gupta,A.A.Ksienski,“Effect of mutual coupling on the performance of
adaptive arrays”,IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat.,Vol.31,No.5,pp.785-791,
Sep.1983. the open circuit voltage method proposed, there is application in Mutual coupling and Wave beam forming etc..H.T.Hui,“A
practical approach to compensate for the mutual coupling effect in an
adaptive dipole array”,IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,vol.52,
No.5, pp 1262-1269, May 2004. proposes the mutual coupling compensation for receiving the concept of mutual coupling impedance for dipole array antenna.
Document K.Dandekar, H.Ling, and G.Xu, " Experimental study of mutual coupling
compensation in smart antenna applications,”IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,
Vol.1, No.3, pp.480-487, Jul.2002. give the solution formula of mutual coupling compensation matrix using least square method, its
In, the relation between preferable point source array manifold and actual array manifold is used to derive mutual coupling compensation matrix.And used in by line day
On the beam alignmetn of line circle battle array.Identical method is used in T.Su, K.Dandekar and H.Ling, " Simulation of
mutual coupling effect in circular arrays for direction-finding application”,
Microwave and optical technology letters,Vol.26,No.5,pp.331-336,
Sep.2000.B.Lindmark,“Comparison of Mutual Coupling Compensation to Dummy
Columns in Adaptive Antenna Systems”,IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag.,Vol.53,No.4,
Mutual coupling or beam alignmetn are carried out in the grade document of pp.1332-1336, April 2005..However, I.J.Gupta,
J.R.Baxter,et.al.,“An experimental study of antenna array calibration”,IEEE
Trans.Antennas Propag., Vol.51, No.3, pp.664-667,2003. result of study show that antenna is that scattering is special
Property it is stronger, for the array of reality, the difference of algorithm weights directional diagram and actual direction figure is bigger, the concept of mutual coupling matrix possibility
It will not work well.Therefore, the research explains open circuit voltage method and receives mutual impedance method in the battle array being made up of wire antenna
Can be well used effect in row, because wire antenna is considered as the minimum a kind of antenna of scattering.But for by micro-strip
The array that antenna is formed, then can not see equally good effect.
The method that above-mentioned 3rd document uses does not compensate to mutual coupling in itself, because it is not by orphan
The directional diagram of vertical antenna as fit object, but referred to using preferable point source directional diagram as fit object Q. (Huang,
H.Zhou,J.Bao,,et.al.,“Mutual Coupling Calibration for Microstrip Antenna
Arrays via Element Pattern Reconstruction Method”,IEEE Antennas and Wireless
Propagation Letters,Vol.13,pp.51-54,Jan.,2014.)。
Therefore, this mode is that the directional diagram of antenna is become into more consistent in fact.This measure is in DOA estimations and wave beam
It can be played a positive role in terms of formation.However, work as the phased array or adaptive array wave beam investigated by being formed compared with multiple antennas
During formation, although this method can also carry out certain amendment to beam position, larger error still be present, particularly exist
When forming wave beam away from normal direction.
In order to obtain more accurate beam position and broader scanning range, we have proposed the side mapped based on weight vector
To figure calibration method.The calibration matrix has the more preferable main beam calibration effect of original calibrated matrix.
The content of the invention
Therefore, for the above mentioned problem of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of phased array direction based on weight vector mapping
Figure calibration method, this method is according between preferable point source array pattern weight vector and actual antennas array pattern weight vector
Relation, calculate directional diagram calibration matrix.Directional diagram can be reduced by carrying out calibration to actual array weights using this calibration matrix
Main beam error in pointing.
Considering a uniform straight line array for including N number of unit, array element spacing is d, and unit arranges along Y-axis, for the array,
We carry out Wave beam forming near horizontal plane, it is desirable to obtain high-precision beam position in horizontal plane, and realize that wide angle is swept
Retouch characteristic,
Using preferable point source Array Model, array weight can be quickly calculated, it is noted that this weight vector application
It is that can produce certain beam position deviation in actual array, it is assumed that corresponding angle θiWeight vector be W, if assume use
Only phase weighting, then
Wi=exp { 2 π jD/ λ sin (θi)}
Wherein D is the vector that array element position is formed,
After weight vector W, array is actually pointed to as θ 'i, now weight vector corresponding to the angle should be：
W′i=exp { 5 π jD/ λ sin (θ 'i)}
In order to calculate calibration matrix, multiple directions θ is taken in scanning rangei(i=1,2 ... M), then above-mentioned two situations
Under weight vector just constitute two matrixes, i.e.,
W=[W1W2…WM]
W '=[W ' 1W '2…W′M]
Assuming that calibration matrix is C, then
W=CW '
In order to obtain more accurate calibration matrix, M value should typically be not less than array element number, then according to most
A young waiter in a wineshop or an inn multiplies solution,
C=WW 'H{W′W′H}-1
So, if to obtain the calibration weights in θ directions, firstly the need of the weights W for calculating preferable point source array0
(θ), actual beam is can be obtained by after being calibrated using calibration matrix and points to more accurate weightsI.e.：
The positive effect of the present invention is that this method difference maximum with method before is, former method
Need for antenna element calculating or measurement direction figure, port voltage, mutual impedance etc., our rule is calculating or measurement battle array
The directional diagram of row.This have the advantage that：
(1) amount tested is needed relative to other method, array pattern is easier to test, and workload is smaller；
(2) other methods are compared, this method is more suitable for the beam alignmetn of polarizers of big angle scope；
(3) this method has been included in the amplitude phase error of radio-frequency channel simultaneously, therefore, to the sensor gain and phase uncertainties of passage also simultaneously
Calibrated.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is Array Model schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is ten hexa-atomic line array schematic diagrames；
Fig. 3 is antenna element model schematic；
Compensation effect schematic diagram during 40 degree of Fig. 4 beam positions；
Main beam close-up schematic view during 40 degree of Fig. 5 beam positions；
Compensation effect schematic diagram during 60 degree of Fig. 6 beam positions；
Main beam close-up schematic view during 60 degree of Fig. 7 beam positions；
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of calibration method of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated below：
Array calibration in Mutual coupling application, is the mutual coupling component in reception signal to be removed, and reduces phase
It is fuzzy, so as to obtain more accurate angle estimation.Receive or launching beam formed in array calibration be to make in the battle array after calibration
Unit has more preferable directional diagram uniformity and wide angle coverage property, so as to obtain wide angle scanning and accurate sensing.Therefore,
It is suitable that isolated unit directional diagram is used in Mutual coupling as the target of fitting, and in the application of Wave beam forming
It is then more suitable as fit object using preferable point source directional diagram, because it has omnidirectional's coverage property.
As shown in figure 1, considering a uniform straight line array for including N number of unit, array element spacing is d, and unit arranges along Y-axis.
For the array, we carry out Wave beam forming near horizontal plane, it is desirable to high-precision beam position is obtained in horizontal plane, and in fact
Existing wide angle scan characteristic.
Using preferable point source Array Model, array weight can be quickly calculated, it is noted that this weight vector application
It is that can produce certain beam position deviation in actual array, it is assumed that corresponding angle θiWeight vector be W, if assume use
Only phase weighting, then
Wi=exp { 2 π jD/ λ sin (θi)}
Wherein D is the vector that array element position is formed,
After weight vector W, array is actually pointed to as θ 'i, now weight vector corresponding to the angle should be：
W′i=exp { 2 π jD/ λ sin (θ 'i)}
In order to calculate calibration matrix, multiple directions θ is taken in scanning rangei(i=1,2 ... M), then above-mentioned two situations
Under weight vector just constitute two matrixes, i.e.,
W=[W1W2…WM]
W '=[W '1W′2…W′M]
Assuming that calibration matrix is C, then
W=CW '
In order to obtain more accurate calibration matrix, M value should typically be not less than array element number, then according to most
A young waiter in a wineshop or an inn multiplies solution,
C=WW 'H{W′W′H}-1
So, if to obtain the calibration weights in θ directions, firstly the need of the weights W for calculating preferable point source array0
(θ), actual beam is can be obtained by after being calibrated using calibration matrix and points to more accurate weightsI.e.：
Transmitting for phased array, it is general using only phase weighting, array calibration is completed using above-mentioned formula can.It is right
In the reception of phased array, width is carried out sometimes and is mutually weighted, is obtained with weighed value adjusting for width phase weights in above-mentioned formula
Calibration matrix.
Fig. 2 show a uniform straight line array for including 16 units.Unit uses rectangular microstrip form, as shown in Figure 3.
Array works in 16GHz, array element spacing d=9.5mm, and antenna employs Rogers's 4350b dielectric-slabs that dielectric constant is 3.48
Material.Fig. 3 includes feed 1, microstrip line 2, microband paste 3, medium substrate 4, metal base plate 5.
Table 1 is given using the compensation effect after this method.It can be seen that after using this method, the compensation deviation of array changes
Kind obvious, so that array points to 60 degree as an example, the deviation after compensation is only 0.15 degree, and declines a quantity compared to deviation before compensation
Level.Fig. 4-Fig. 7 gives directional diagram compensation effect when array points to respectively 40 degree and 60 degree, it can be seen that compensation front and back
Do not changed significantly to the secondary lobe of figure, and sensing of the main beam after compensation is more accurate.
Table 1
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of phased array directional diagram calibration method of the present invention.
Above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art,
Under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as this
The protection domain of invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of phased array directional diagram calibration method based on weight vector mapping, it is characterised in that methods described is specially：
According to the relation between preferable point source array pattern weight vector and actual antennas array pattern weight vector, matrix is established
Equation, calculate directional diagram calibration matrix.
2. the phased array directional diagram calibration method as claimed in claim 1 based on weight vector mapping, it is characterised in that the side
Matrix equation described in method includes the preferable point source array pattern weight vector and actual antennas array when different beams point to
Directional diagram weight vector, two groups of weight vectors form two matrixes.
3. the phased array directional diagram calibration method as claimed in claim 2 based on weight vector mapping, it is characterised in that the side
Method is specially：
One uniform straight line array for including N number of unit, array element spacing are d, and unit arranges along Y-axis,
Using preferable point source Array Model,
Corresponding angle θiWeight vector be W, it is assumed that using only phase weighting, then
Wi=exp { 2 π jD/ λ sin (θi))
Wherein D is the vector that array element position is formed,
After weight vector W, array is actually pointed to as θ 'i, now weight vector corresponding to the angle be：
W′i=exp { 2 π jD/ λ sin (θ 'i)}
Multiple directions θ is taken in scanning rangei(i=1,2 ... M), then weight vector in above-mentioned two situations just constitutes two
Matrix, i.e.,
W=[W1 W2 … WM]
W '=[W '1 W′2 … W′M]
Assuming that calibration matrix is C, then
W=CW '
In order to obtain more accurate calibration matrix, M value should typically be not less than array element number, then according to a most young waiter in a wineshop or an inn
Multiply solution,
C=WW 'H{W′W′H}-1
Calculate the weights W of preferable point source array0(θ), it is more accurate that actual beam sensing is obtained after being calibrated using calibration matrix
WeightsI.e.：
<mrow>
<mover>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo>^</mo>
</mover>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>CW</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6252540B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Apparatus and method for two stage hybrid space-time adaptive processing in radar and communication systems |
| CN106650104A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-05-10 | 厦门大学 | Synthesis method of broadband frequency independent thinned array taking mutual coupling effect into account |
-
2017
- 2017-09-08 CN CN201710806378.4A patent/CN107623186A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6252540B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Apparatus and method for two stage hybrid space-time adaptive processing in radar and communication systems |
| CN106650104A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-05-10 | 厦门大学 | Synthesis method of broadband frequency independent thinned array taking mutual coupling effect into account |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| BJÖRN LINDMARK: "Comparison of Mutual Coupling Compensation to Dummy Columns in Adaptive Antenna Systems", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
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Application publication date: 20180123 |