CN110018362B - Phase center measuring method of broadband antenna with symmetric main beam - Google Patents
Phase center measuring method of broadband antenna with symmetric main beam Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic reconnaissance direction finding application, and discloses a method for measuring a phase center of a broadband antenna with symmetric main beams. Establishing a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate plane to enable two beam axes to be in the coordinate plane, wherein the two beam axes are symmetrical about a coordinate axis, and the extension lines of the two beam axes are intersected with the origin of coordinates; taking a point C on a coordinate axis as a symmetry axis1Let point C1Both located in the far field region of both antennas; at point C1At a placement frequency of f0Measuring the phase difference phi of the received signals1(ii) a Will be located at point C1The radiation source moves to C along the direction vertical to the coordinate axis in the coordinate plane2Point, calculate radiation source from C1Point movement to C2The resulting phase difference after a point changes by a value phi0(ii) a According to the phase difference change value phi0And calculating the coordinate position of the phase center of the antenna to be measured. The method does not need equipment such as a rotary table and the like, has low requirement on test conditions, simple test steps and high test efficiency, and provides a new test approach for measuring the phase center of the commonly used broadband antenna in electronic reconnaissance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic reconnaissance direction finding application, in particular to a method for measuring a phase center of a broadband antenna with symmetrical main beams.
Background
An electromagnetic wave radiated by an antenna main beam can be considered approximately as radiating from an ideal point source, and if the far-field signals thereof are all equally phased at an equal distance from the point, the point can be defined as the "phase center point" (or simply "phase center") of the antenna. The phase center of the antenna has an important influence on interferometer direction finding application based on a phase comparison method in electronic reconnaissance, because an antenna array consisting of a plurality of broadband unit antennas is required to form an interferometer in the direction finding application, the incoming wave direction of an electromagnetic wave signal radiated by an electromagnetic target is measured, and a connecting line of the phase centers of the unit antennas forms each direction finding baseline of the interferometer. Under the condition of broadband direction finding, the phase center of the unit antenna changes along with the signal frequency, so that the position of the phase center of the broadband antenna under different working frequencies is accurately measured, and the method has very important significance for measuring and correcting the length of the base line of the interferometer in electronic reconnaissance.
The broadband antenna with the symmetrical main beam has the following two characteristics:
1) the directional diagram of the antenna main beam has a symmetrical relation relative to the central axis of the antenna beam;
2) the working bandwidth of the antenna is wider, and the relative bandwidth is at least more than 30%.
The two characteristics determine that the position of the phase center point of the antenna is different under different working frequencies, but no matter how the position of the phase center point moves, the phase center is always positioned on a straight line determined by the central axis of the beam, namely, the phase center always moves on the straight line along with the change of the working frequency. Typical representatives of broadband antennas with beam symmetry in electronic reconnaissance are: log periodic antennas, ridged horn antennas, conical helical antennas, and the like.
The current measurement methods for the phase center of a wideband antenna are summarized in the following categories:
determining the phase center of the antenna by testing the phase directional diagram of the antenna
During the test of the antenna phase pattern, if the phase center of the antenna is accurately moved to the rotation center of the turntable, the phase value measured at the far field in the main beam range will be identical when the antenna rotates with the turntable. By utilizing the characteristic of the antenna phase directional diagram, the position of the antenna to be tested relative to the rotary table is continuously adjusted in the actual test process until the phase directional diagram in the antenna main beam range measured in the far field has approximately the same phase value, and at the moment, the phase center point of the antenna can be determined to be positioned on the rotating shaft of the rotary table.
In the measurement process, the position of the antenna relative to the turntable needs to be adjusted repeatedly, and the phase pattern needs to be measured again every time the position is adjusted, so that the workload is very large, and subsequent documents (plum, senecio, Tanwei, research on the measurement and calibration method of the antenna phase center [ J ], microwave science report, 8 months in 2018, 135-138) also provide some phase pattern correction methods and spherical near-field test calibration methods, so that the measurement times of the phase pattern can be reduced. The literature (research on the precise measurement method of the antenna phase center by Shang Jun Ping, Fu Deming, Dun Ying, etc. [ J ], school of Western electronic science and technology university (Nature science edition), 2008, 35 (4): 673-. The document (zhangyang, chenxu, calculation method of antenna phase center position [ J ], fire radar technology, 2015, 44 (2): 90-95) also proposes a calculation method of antenna phase center position, which is based on antenna far-field amplitude and phase pattern and can quickly calculate the position of antenna phase center. In addition, there is a phase gradient method, which determines the position of the phase center of the antenna by calculating the far-field phase gradient, so the method still belongs to the category of phase pattern measurement methods.
② three-antenna measuring method
The document (field wave, Zhang Yong, ultra wide band antenna phase center measurement [ J ], aerospace measurement technology, 2005, 25 (4): 46-48) introduces a method for measuring the phase center of an ultra wide band antenna by three antennas, and the change rule of the phase center of the antenna in the ultra wide band is obtained by six times of S parameter measurement. However, this method can only determine the relative change of the phase center of the broadband antenna, and it is difficult to determine the accurate position of the phase center of the antenna under test.
Measuring method special for special purpose GNSS global satellite navigation receiving antenna
In the current verification rules JJF1118-2004 standard calibration standards for Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers (geodetic and navigational) and GJB6564-2008 verification rules for Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, 3 verification methods for phase center deviation of receiving antennas of GNSS receivers are given: a 90 ° rotation method, a paired exchange antenna method, and a 180 ° rotation method. The published literature (muweiwa, zhang guo, lihui shoui et al, GNSS antenna phase center bias detection method [ J ], microelectronics and computers, 2016, 33 (11): 162- > 165) proposes to estimate the rotation center and phase center bias based on the least squares criterion by processing the baseline solution data of the GNSS receiver relative positioning. The published literature (leenhua, pompon, chengming, etc., GNSS adaptive antenna phase center evaluation method [ J ], university of defense science and technology, 2016, 38 (2): 87-91) proposes to obtain a set of antenna usable beam threshold internal phase pattern patterns under uniform interference distribution, and to fit the set of phase pattern by using a least square method to obtain the average phase center variation of the adaptive antenna, so as to determine the phase center of the GNSS adaptive null antenna. In fact, some publications describe various improvements of the phase center measurement method of GNSS receiving antennas, and although there is a difference in specific data processing and analysis, the total method flow is basically not very different, and thus, it is not described herein.
From the above summary of the current antenna phase center measurement method, it can be seen that: the first type of conventional method for determining the antenna phase center through phase pattern testing is more standard in operation, but requires corollary equipment such as a turntable and the like, and the testing workload is large. Although the second type obtains the change rule of the phase center of the antenna in the ultra-wideband by six times of measurement of the S parameter based on the three-antenna method, the method can only determine the relative change of the phase center of the wideband antenna, and it is difficult to determine the accurate position of the phase center of the antenna to be measured. The third kind of methods are special methods for special objects, and especially, many unique methods are proposed for measuring the phase center of the GNSS global satellite navigation receiving antenna, and the methods have very strong pertinence and a not wide application range. From the above 3 methods, a conventional method based on a phase pattern can be adopted for accurately measuring the phase center of the broadband electronic reconnaissance receiving antenna, but the phase pattern cannot be accurately obtained without the assistance of a turntable or other equipment, so that the use of the conventional method is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to solve the existing problems, a method for measuring the phase center of a broadband antenna with symmetrical main beams is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for measuring the phase center of a broadband antenna with symmetrical main beams comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate plane to enable two beam axes to be in the coordinate plane, wherein the two beam axes are symmetrical about a coordinate axis, and the extension lines of the two beam axes are intersected with the origin of coordinates;
step 2: taking a point C on a coordinate axis as a symmetry axis1Let point C1Both located in the far field region of both antennas; at point C1At a placement frequency of f0The rear ends of the two antennas are connected with a double-channel receiver to receive radiation signals, and the phase difference phi of the received signals is measured1；
And step 3: will be located at point C1The radiation source moves to C along the direction vertical to the coordinate axis in the coordinate plane2The rear end of the point antenna is connected with a double-channel receiver to receive the radiation signal, and the slave C of the radiation source is calculated1Point movement to C2The resulting phase difference after a point changes by a value phi0；
And 4, step 4: according to the phase difference change value phi0Calculating the coordinate position of the phase center of the antenna to be measured;
and 5: varying the measured frequency f within the operating frequency range0And repeating the step 2-4, and measuring the position of the phase center point of the antenna in the whole working frequency range.
Further, the step 1 includes the following processes: firstly, two antennas A to be tested are arranged1And an antenna A2The two antennas are placed in the same posture, the beam axes of the two antennas are positioned in the same horizontal plane, and an intersection point of the beam axes of the two antennas passing through the front part of the outer envelope space part of the antenna entity is respectively marked as F1And F2The latter point of intersection is respectively denoted as B1And B2(ii) a The antenna a is then adjusted in this horizontal plane1And an antenna A2And the orientation of the beam axis such that F1F2Parallel to B1B2And make F1B1And F2B2The rear end extension lines of the two beams intersect at a point O, and the included angle between the two beam axes is 2 theta, namely < F1OF22 θ. (ii) a Then using the point O as the origin of coordinates in the plane, and the angle F1OF2The angular bisector direction of the X axis is the positive direction of the X axis, an XOY two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established, and the XOY two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system intersects with the origin of coordinates O.
Further, the theta is 1/6 to 1/4 of the main beam width of the single antenna in the horizontal plane.
Further, in the step 3, the radiation source C1Point to point C2In the process of point movement, continuously recording the change process of the phase difference of signals received by the dual-channel receiver, particularly recording the times of the phase difference when the phase difference crosses an integral multiple of 2 pi, and recording the time when the final radiation source reaches C2Phase difference at point, reaches C2The value of the phase difference at the point and the 2 pi integral multiple blur removed is recorded as phi2From C1Point movement to C2The resulting phase difference after a point changes by a value phi0＝φ2-φ1。
Further, the step 4 includes the following processes: provided with an antenna A1And an antenna A2At frequency f0The position of the phase center is (x)0,x0tanθ)，(x0,-x0tan θ), then the following equation can be established:
wherein c is 3 × 108m/s is the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity, and x is calculated0To obtain the accurate coordinate position of the phase center of the antenna to be measured.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows: by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the symmetrical characteristic of the antenna beam is fully utilized, the test flow of the phase center is simplified, the test workload is greatly reduced, and the method is simple, convenient and quick; and in the test process, special auxiliary equipment such as a rotary table is not needed, the method has the advantages of low requirement on test conditions, wide application range and the like, and is particularly suitable for measuring various broadband antenna phase centers in electronic reconnaissance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a log periodic antenna and radiation source position measured in a rectangular coordinate system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2 tested antennas of the same type are respectively marked as A1And A2And the intersection point of the beam axis passing through the front part of the outer envelope space part of the antenna body is respectively marked as F1And F2The latter point of intersection is respectively denoted as B1And B2Apparently line segment F1B1Located at antenna A1On the beam axis of (A), line segment F2B2Located at antenna A2On the beam axis of (a). The antenna A has the symmetrical characteristic of main beam due to the measured antenna1Should be located at the line segment F1B1Upper, antenna A2Should be located at the line segment F2B2The phase center point is determined as follows. Note antenna A1And A2Has an operating frequency band of [ fdown,fup]Frequency at test f0∈[fdown,fup]。
Antenna parameters of the present embodiment: the scaling factor tau of a log periodic antenna with 18 dipoles is 0.917, the spacing factor parameter sigma is 0.169, the characteristic impedance of the integrated line and the load impedance of the terminal are 83 omega, the working frequency range is 600MHz to 1800MHz, and the main beam width of the antenna in the H plane is about 60 degrees. The distance R between each oscillator and the virtual top of the antenna in the log periodic antennaiI is 1,2, …,18, as shown in table 1.
Table 1: list of distances (unit: mm) between each element of log periodic antenna and virtual vertex of antenna
| R1—R6 | 233.1 | 254.2 | 277.2 | 302.3 | 329.7 | 359.5 |
| R7—R12 | 392.1 | 427.6 | 466.3 | 508.5 | 554.5 | 604.7 |
| R13—R18 | 659.4 | 719.1 | 784.2 | 855.2 | 932.6 | 1017.0 |
The length L of each element in the log periodic antennaiI ═ 1,2, …,18, as shown in table 2.
Table 2: length list of each oscillator in log periodic antenna (unit: mm)
| L1—L6 | 124.9 | 136.2 | 148.5 | 161.9 | 176.6 | 192.6 |
| L7—L12 | 210.0 | 229.0 | 249.7 | 272.3 | 297.0 | 323.9 |
| L13—L18 | 353.2 | 385.1 | 420.0 | 458.0 | 499.5 | 510.0 |
2 log periodic antennas a to be provided with the above parameters1And an antenna A2The H-plane of (2) is placed in the same horizontal plane, and the beam direction of the H-plane is adjusted, so that the connecting lines between the corresponding oscillators with the same length of the 2 antennas are parallel to each other, the included angle between the beam axes of the 2 antennas is set to 20 °, the intersection point of the straight lines where the beam axes of the 2 antennas are located is denoted as O, and the distance between the longest one of the 2 antennas and the O point is 500mm (which also means that the distance between the shortest one of the 2 antennas and the O point is 1283.9 mm). An XOY rectangular coordinate system is established by taking an O point as a coordinate origin in a horizontal plane and taking an angular bisector direction of an included angle between beam axes of 2 antennas as an X axis (which may be an X axis or a Y axis) forward direction, as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the X axis is perpendicular to the Y axis and intersects the origin of coordinates O, so that the included angle θ between the beam axes of the two antennas and the X axis is 10 °.
C in the positive X-axis direction at a distance of 10m from the origin of coordinates O1A radiation source is arranged at the position to respectively radiate 600MHz, 900MHz, 1200MHz and 1800MHz single-carrier signals, and a log-periodic antenna A is arranged at the position1And A2The rear-end dual-channel receiver firstly measures the phase difference phi between 2 channels1As shown in table 3, respectively. According to the geometrical relationship in FIG. 1, C is theoretically1Point radiation source to two antennas A1And A2Should be equal, the phase difference measured at the back end of the dual channel receiver should be zero, if not, it is assumed that the phase difference is due to the antenna a1And A2Introduced by non-uniform phase characteristics of the back-end receive channels, registered at frequency f0Phase difference phi under the condition1For subsequent compensation correction.
Table 3: radiation source in C1Phase difference measurement between 2 channels at position
| Frequency of signal | 600MHz | 900MHz | 1200MHz | 1800MHz |
| Phase difference between channels | 0.2225rad | 0.2518rad | 0.2921rad | 0.3506rad |
At the radiation source from C1Point to point C2In the point moving process, the change process of the phase difference of the signals received by the double-channel receiver is continuously recorded, and the times of the phase difference when the phase difference crosses the integer multiple of 2 pi are particularly recorded, so that the integer multiple of 2 pi fuzzy in the phase difference measuring process can be avoided, and the final arrival C of the radiation source is recorded2At the time of point, the value of the phase difference after removing 2 pi integral multiple blur is recorded as phi2. C is to be1The radiation source at that position was moved a distance of 0.5m in the negative direction parallel to the Y axis (equivalent to perpendicular to the X axis) to C2According to the above-mentioned operation steps, the radiation source respectively radiates 600MHz, 900MHz, 1200MHz and 1800MHz single-carrier signal, and the log periodic antenna A1And A2The rear-end dual-channel receiver firstly measures the phase difference phi between 2 channels2As shown in table 4, respectively.
Table 4: radiation source from C1At the position moves to C22 passages in positionMeasure of phase difference between
| Frequency of signal | 600MHz | 900MHz | 1200MHz | 1800MHz |
| Phase difference between channels | 0.3723rad | 0.5883rad | 0.8189rad | 1.2617rad |
From equation (1), the radiation source from C can be calculated from tables 3 and 41At the position moves to C2Change of phase difference due to change of position when in position0＝φ2-φ1As shown in table 5.
Table 5: radiation source from C1At the position moves to C2Phase difference change due to change of position at the time of position
Substituting the values into the equation according to Table 5
The above formula contains only one unknown numberx0By solving the above equation, the value of f is obtained0And under the condition of working frequency, the accurate coordinate position of the phase center of the antenna to be measured. In this embodiment, the X-axis coordinate position of the phase center point of the log periodic antenna at the operating frequencies of 600MHz, 900MHz, 1200MHz, and 1800MHz can be solved, and then the position relationship shown in fig. 1 can be obtained to obtain the antenna a1The coordinates of the phase center point of (2) are shown in Table 6, antenna A2The coordinates of the phase center point of (2) are shown in table 7.
Table 6: log periodic antenna A1Coordinate position of phase center point at different frequencies (unit: mm)
| Frequency of signal | 600MHz | 900MHz | 1200MHz | 1800MHz |
| X-axis coordinate position | 634.2 | 920.8 | 1064.1 | 1207.4 |
| Y-axis coordinate position | 111.8 | 162.4 | 187.6 | 212.9 |
Table 7: log periodic antenna A2Coordinate position of phase center point at different frequencies (unit: mm)
| Frequency of signal | 600MHz | 900MHz | 1200MHz | 1800MHz |
| X-axis coordinate position | 634.2 | 920.8 | 1064.1 | 1207.4 |
| Y-axis coordinate position | -111.8 | -162.4 | -187.6 | -212.9 |
In the above example, only 4 typical frequency points of 600MHz, 900MHz, 1200MHz, and 1800MHz are selected for description, and the positions of phase center points at other operating frequencies can be accurately measured according to the above step flow.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed. Those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will appreciate that insubstantial changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for measuring the phase center of a broadband antenna with symmetrical main beams is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate plane to enable two beam axes to be in the coordinate plane, wherein the two beam axes are symmetrical about a coordinate axis, and the extension lines of the two beam axes are intersected with the origin of coordinates;
step 2: taking a point C on a coordinate axis as a symmetry axis1Let point C1Both located in the far field region of both antennas; at point C1At a placement frequency of f0The rear ends of the two antennas are connected with a double-channel receiver to receive radiation signals, and the phase difference phi of the received signals is measured1；
And step 3: will be located at point C1The radiation source moves to C along the direction vertical to the coordinate axis in the coordinate plane2The rear end of the point antenna is connected with a double-channel receiver to receive the radiation signal, and the slave C of the radiation source is calculated1Point movement to C2The resulting phase difference after a point changes by a value phi0；
And 4, step 4: according to the phase difference change value phi0Calculating the coordinate position of the phase center of the antenna to be measured;
and 5: varying the measured frequency f within the operating frequency range0Repeating the steps 2-4, and measuring the position of the phase center point of the antenna in the whole working frequency range;
the step 1 comprises the following processes: firstly, two antennas A to be tested are arranged1And A2The two antennas are placed in the same posture, the beam axes of the two antennas are positioned in the same horizontal plane, and an intersection point of the beam axes of the two antennas passing through the front part of the outer envelope space part of the antenna entity is respectively marked as F1And F2The latter point of intersection is respectively denoted as B1And B2(ii) a The antenna a is then adjusted in this horizontal plane1And an antenna A2And the orientation of the beam axis such that F1F2Parallel to B1B2And make F1B1And F2B2The rear end extension lines of the two beams intersect at a point O, and the included angle between the two beam axes is 2 theta, namely < F1OF22 θ; then using the point O as the origin of coordinates in the plane, and the angle F1OF2The angular bisector direction of the X-axis is positive, an XOY two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established and is intersected with the origin of coordinates O;
in step 3, the radiation source is selected from C1Point to point C2In the process of point movement, continuously recording the change process of the phase difference of signals received by the dual-channel receiver, recording the times of the phase difference when the phase difference spans 2 pi integral multiple, and recording the final time when the radiation source reaches C2Phase difference at point, reaches C2The value of the phase difference at the point and the 2 pi integral multiple blur removed is recorded as phi2From C1Point movement to C2The resulting phase difference after a point changes by a value phi0＝φ2-φ1；
The step 4 comprises the following processes: provided with an antenna A1And an antenna A2At frequency f0The position of the phase center is (x)0,x0tanθ)，(x0,-x0tan θ), then the following equation can be established:
wherein c is 3 × 108m/s is the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity, and x is calculated0Obtaining the accurate coordinate position of the phase center of the antenna to be measured; x is the number ofc2、yc2Are respectively C2Point horizontal and vertical coordinates.
2. The method of measuring the phase center of a main beam symmetric wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein said θ -take single antenna is 1/6 to 1/4 of the main beam width in the horizontal plane.
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