CN107607438B - Sea water density measuring method for large-scale sea area - Google Patents
Sea water density measuring method for large-scale sea area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sea water density measuring method for a large-range sea area, which comprises the following steps: calculating to obtain the distance between two points according to the geographic position information G1 of the base point and the geographic position information G2 when the sound source generator on water sends the sound signal; according to the time T1 when the underwater passive sensor detects the sound signal and the time T2 when the water sound source generator transmits the sound signal, calculating to obtain the time required by sound transmission, and obtaining the sound transmission speed through the distance/time; and calculating the sea water density of the water area according to the association relation between the speed of sound propagation in the sea water and the sea water density. The method changes the thought of single-point measurement from original single-point monitoring to integral direct monitoring of a large water area, greatly improves the measurement accuracy and reliability, and meets the actual application demands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine exploration, and particularly relates to a sea water density measurement method for a large-range sea area.
Background
The phenomenon of sea water jump layer in deep sea ocean is also called jump layer, which means that some hydrologic elements in sea water have abrupt change or discontinuous abrupt change in vertical direction, indicating that the upper and lower layers have different sea water properties. There are mainly 4 kinds of seawater-spring layers, namely temperature-spring layer, salinity-spring layer, density-spring layer and sonic-spring layer.
The deep drop of the sea water cliff and the submarine is the first hazard facing the submarine. There are reports: no. 372 submarines in China are subjected to 'deep falling' which falls off for hundreds of meters within a few minutes at a time. By using the rough estimation of hydrodynamic knowledge, if the "depthness" of the intensity is caused by the salinity and temperature change of the seawater, the water temperature of the water mass needs to be 10 ℃ or more than 10 ℃ higher than the surrounding seawater, or the salinity is 3 permillage or more lower.
However, it is technically difficult to measure sea cliffs due to the fluidity of sea water. The traditional measurement method is that equipment is arranged at a certain fixed position on the sea bottom or the water surface to measure the temperature, the salinity and the like of the point, and then the condition of the whole water area is estimated according to the measurement results of the discrete points; it is conceivable that it is difficult to evaluate the actual condition of the sea water in the submarine's active area (between 500 meters and 150 meters in depth) based on the measured data of the water bottom or the water surface. In addition, there are also methods for exploring and adopting collected noise signals to perform sound spectrum analysis, generating a real-time noise spectrogram, and comparing the real-time noise spectrogram with an environmental noise spectrogram; judging whether the real-time noise spectrogram and the environment noise spectrogram generate fluctuation, and sending out warning information when the fluctuation is generated and moves towards low frequency. The method needs to calibrate the environmental noise of different areas, is not applicable to a large-scale sea area, and is not accurate in detection; meanwhile, the default environmental noise of the method is constant, and in fact, the environmental noise is influenced by a plurality of factors in the complex environment of the ocean, and the variation is very large; thirdly, the method needs to calibrate the noise with different depths, and because the submarines need to travel at the calibrated depths, the secrecy is greatly reduced; fourth, the method cannot measure the number of layers of the multi-layer density water area and the density and height of each layer.
In addition, in the marine exploration process, the density, depth and other conditions of seawater with different densities in a certain range are required to be accurately measured, and the detection result of the existing method is not accurate enough.
Underwater positioning and navigation are widely used in many fields. However, the geographical position of the water surface can be easily obtained by GPS positioning, but the calibration of the underwater position cannot be performed by GPS radio signal positioning due to the limitation of conditions.
The ground equipment receives GPS radio signals, comprises geographic position information and time information of GPS signal transmitting satellites (the time of a plurality of satellites is periodically controlled and synchronous), and iteratively calculates the position of the ground equipment by receiving the information of the plurality of satellites. To achieve this, there are two conditions: 1. the signal contains position information and time information of the information sending place; 2. the receiving device has faster computing power.
However, the communication rate is much lower for underwater equipment than for surface equipment, and the frequency of the communication carrier is much lower, and in such a low frequency (longer wavelength) communication carrier, accurate synchronization of time information is difficult; moreover, the power supply of the underwater equipment is difficult to ensure, and particularly, the long-term fault-free operation of the underwater active equipment is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problems: in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a sea water density measuring method in a large-scale sea area.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a sea water density measuring method for a large-scale sea area, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the positioning device utilizing the underwater passive base point comprises an underwater passive sensor, an on-water data acquisition device and an on-water sound source generator; the underwater passive sensor and water data acquisition device connected through optical fibers; the water sound source generator is connected with the water data acquisition device; a GPS positioning device is arranged on the water sound source generator;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an underwater base point, accurately calibrating geographic position information G1 of the base point, and arranging an underwater passive sensor on the base point;
(2) The water sound source generator sends out specific sound signals, and simultaneously obtains time T2 and geographic position information G2 when the sound signals are sent out through the GPS positioning device and sends the time T2 and the geographic position information G2 to the water data acquisition device;
(3) The water data acquisition device acquires the time T1 when the underwater passive sensor detects the sound signal;
(4) According to the geographic position information G1 of the base point, the time T1 when the underwater passive sensor detects the sound signal, the time T2 when the water sound source generator sends the sound signal and the geographic position information G2, calculating to obtain the distance, the sound propagation time and the sound propagation speed between the underwater passive sensor and the water sound source generator;
(5) And calculating the sea water density of the water area according to the association relation between the speed of sound propagation in the sea water and the sea water density.
In the step (1), the geographical location information of the base point includes longitude, latitude and altitude.
In the step (1), the method for accurately calibrating the geographical position information of the base point, by using the positioning device of the underwater passive base point, comprises the following steps:
(1) The water sound source generator sends out specific sound signals, and meanwhile, the GPS positioning device acquires time and geographic position information when the sound signals are sent out and sends the time and geographic position information to the water data acquisition device: when the number of the water sound source generators is one, one water sound source generator sends out specific sound signals at three different positions, and meanwhile, the time and geographic position information when the sound signals are sent is acquired through the GPS positioning device and is sent to the water data acquisition device; when the number of the three water sound source generators is three, the three water sound source generators respectively and independently send specific sound signals at different positions, and meanwhile, the time and geographic position information when the sound signals are sent is acquired through the GPS positioning device and is sent to the water data acquisition device; the three sets of time and geographic location information received at the three locations are respectively noted as: t1', G1', T2', G2', T3', G3';
(2) The water data acquisition device acquires the time when the underwater passive sensor detects the sound signals, and the time when three different signals are detected is respectively recorded as: t1", T2", T3";
(3) Calculating to obtain the distance between the underwater passive sensor and the underwater sound source generator by using three groups of time differences acquired by the underwater data acquisition device, wherein the distances are respectively recorded as L1', L2', L3'; the method comprises the steps of taking G1 'as a sphere center, L1' as a radius drawing sphere, G2 'as a sphere center, L2' as a radius drawing sphere, G3 'as a sphere center and L3' as a radius drawing sphere, wherein the intersecting position of the 3 spheres is the geographical position of the underwater passive sensor.
The invention also provides a multi-layer seawater density measurement method for the large-range sea area, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an underwater base point and 2n-1 water base points, wherein n is the number of seawater layers;
(2) Accurately calibrating geographical position information of an underwater base point, and arranging an underwater passive sensor on the underwater base point;
(2) Respectively placing a water sound source generator on each water base point, respectively sending specific sound signals by the water sound source generators, and simultaneously acquiring time and geographic position information when sending the sound signals by a GPS positioning device and sending the time and geographic position information to a water data acquisition device;
(3) The water data acquisition device acquires the time when the underwater passive sensor detects the sound signal;
(4) According to the geographical position information of the underwater base point and the geographical position information when each underwater sound source generator transmits a sound signal, the distance between each underwater sound source generator and the underwater base point is calculated; according to the time when the underwater passive sensor detects the sound signal and the time when each underwater sound source generator transmits the sound signal, respectively calculating to obtain the time of sound propagation between each underwater sound source generator and the underwater base point; simultaneous equations, calculating to obtain sound propagation speeds and layer heights of different layers;
(5) And calculating the sea water density of each layer of the water area according to the association relation between the propagation speed of sound in each layer of sea water and the sea water density.
The beneficial effects are that: the method changes the thought of single-point measurement from original single-point monitoring into integral direct monitoring of a large water area, greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of measurement and meets the actual application requirements.
It is well known in the art that the speed of sound propagation in seawater depends on the temperature, pressure and salinity of the seawater and the density of the seawater is also closely related to the temperature, pressure and salinity. The invention takes the temperature, pressure and salinity of the sea water as intermediate factors, and establishes the association relation between the sound propagation speed in the sea water and the density of the sea water, so that the density of the whole sea water in the water area of the sound propagation path can be known only by measuring the sound propagation speed in the sea water through a certain means; the invention realizes real-time and rapid integral direct measurement of the sea water density of a certain sea area, and evaluates the integral condition of the sea water density of the certain sea area instead of measuring results of a plurality of points.
The method adopts the combination of the underwater passive sensor (such as an optical fiber acoustic wave sensor) and the water surface acquisition system, and the computing capacity of the underwater equipment is moved to the water surface acquisition system to realize the purpose, and the underwater sensor does not need a power supply, so that maintenance-free life cycle is realized. In addition, the geographical position information of the water surface signal source can be sent to the water surface acquisition system through a communication mode on the ground, so that the problem that the geographical position information is transmitted in water is solved.
The method can calculate the densities of the sea water layers with different densities and the thicknesses of each layer in the water area by adopting one underwater passive sensor and a plurality of on-water sound source devices, and has simple method and accurate result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of an underwater passive foundation the structure of the positioning device is schematically shown.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer sea water density measurement method for a wide area of sea.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
Example 1
The positioning device of the underwater passive base point is shown in fig. 1, and comprises an underwater passive sensor 1 (such as an optical fiber acoustic wave sensor), an underwater data acquisition device 2 and an underwater sound source generator 3; the underwater passive sensor 1 is connected with the water data acquisition device 2 through an optical fiber 4; the water sound source generator 3 is connected with the water data acquisition device 2; the water sound source generator 3 is provided with a GPS positioning device.
Example 2
A method for measuring sea water density in a wide area of sea, using the apparatus of example 1, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) An underwater base point is selected, geographical position information G1 (longitude, latitude and elevation) of the base point is accurately calibrated, and an underwater passive sensor 1 is arranged on the base point;
the method for accurately calibrating the geographical position information of the base point utilizes a positioning device of an underwater passive base point, and comprises the following steps:
(1.1) the water sound source generator 3 emits a specific sound signal, and simultaneously acquires time and geographical position information when the sound signal is transmitted through the GPS positioning device and transmits the time and geographical position information to the water data acquisition device 2: when the number of the water sound source generators 3 is one, one water sound source generator 3 sends out specific sound signals at three different positions, and meanwhile, the time and geographic position information when the sound signals are sent is acquired through the GPS positioning device and is sent to the water data acquisition device 2; when the number of the three water sound source generators 3 is three, the three water sound source generators 3 respectively and independently send specific sound signals at different positions, and meanwhile, the time and geographic position information when the sound signals are sent is acquired through the GPS positioning device and is sent to the water data acquisition device 2; the three sets of time and geographic location information received at the three locations are respectively noted as: t1', G1', T2', G2', T3', G3';
(1.2) the time when the underwater passive sensor 1 detects the sound signal is collected by the water data collection device 2, and the time when three different signals are detected is respectively recorded as: t1", T2", T3";
(1.3) calculating the distance between the underwater passive sensor 1 and the underwater sound source generator 3 by using three groups of time differences acquired by the water data acquisition device 2, wherein the distances are respectively recorded as L1', L2', L3'; the spherical surface is drawn by taking G1 'as a spherical center, L1' as a radius, G2 'as a spherical center and L2' as a radius, G3 'as a spherical center and L3' as a radius, and the intersecting position of the 3 spherical surfaces is the geographical position of the underwater passive sensor 1
(2) The water sound source generator 3 sends out specific sound signals, and simultaneously obtains time T2 and geographic position information G2 when the sound signals are sent out through the GPS positioning device and sends the time T2 and the geographic position information G2 to the water data acquisition device 2; in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
(2.1) when the water sound source generator is at a fixed position, geographic information of the fixed position is strictly and accurately calibrated in advance, the water sound source generator carries GPS signals, but the position of the water sound source generator does not need to be dynamically positioned, and only time information is acquired from the GPS; after each sound production, time T2 and geographic position information G2 when the sound signal is sent in time;
(2.2) when the water sound source generator is in a maneuvering position, the water sound source generator takes GPS signals, but does not need to dynamically locate its own location and time information; after each sound production, time T2 and geographic position information G2 when the sound signal is sent in time;
(3) The water data acquisition device 2 acquires the time T1 when the underwater passive sensor 1 detects the sound signal;
(4) According to the geographic position information G1 of the base point, the time T1 when the underwater passive sensor 1 detects the sound signal, the time T2 when the water sound source generator transmits the sound signal and the geographic position information G2, calculating to obtain the distance (G1-G2), the sound propagation time (T1-T2) and the sound propagation speed (G1-G2)/(T1-T2) between the underwater passive sensor and the water sound source generator;
(5) And calculating the sea water density of the water area according to the association relation between the speed of sound propagation in the sea water and the sea water density.
The process according to the invention is described in more detail below with an example.
Underwater base point position information: n35 DEG 17 '10' 00, E123 DEG 29 '50' 00, height-217 meters;
water surface sound source position information: n35 DEG 17 '00' 00, E123 DEG 32 '00' 00, height 0 meter;
the distance between the two points is 3303.05 meters;
sound source emission time: 2017-08-0109:01:01000ms;
time of underwater base point detection: 2017-08-0109:01:03100ms;
V＝3303.05/2.1＝1572.88m/s。
example 3
A method for measuring the density of multi-layer seawater in a wide area of sea, using the apparatus of example 1, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting an underwater base point and 2n-1 water base points, wherein n is the number of seawater layers;
(2) Accurately calibrating geographical position information of an underwater base point, and arranging an underwater passive sensor 1 on the underwater base point;
(2) Respectively placing a water sound source generator 3 on each water base point, respectively sending specific sound signals by the water sound source generator 3, and simultaneously acquiring time and geographic position information when sending the sound signals through a GPS positioning device and sending the time and geographic position information to a water data acquisition device 2;
(3) The water data acquisition device 2 acquires the time when the underwater passive sensor 1 detects the sound signal;
(4) According to the geographical position information of the underwater base point and the geographical position information when each underwater sound source generator transmits a sound signal, the distance between each underwater sound source generator and the underwater base point is calculated; according to the time when the underwater passive sensor 1 detects the sound signal and the time when each underwater sound source generator transmits the sound signal, respectively calculating to obtain the time of sound propagation between each underwater sound source generator and the underwater base point; simultaneous equations, calculating to obtain sound propagation speeds and layer heights of different layers;
(5) And calculating the sea water density of each layer of the water area according to the association relation between the propagation speed of sound in each layer of sea water and the sea water density.
The following takes the example of dividing the seawater area into an upper layer and a lower layer, see fig. 2, and specifically describes the method of the present invention:
it is known that:
s1, S2, S3, the geographical location information of the base point B, i.e. the distance L1 from S1 to B, the distance L2 from S2 to B, the distance L3 from S3 to B is known.
Measurement: the transmission times T1, S2 to B, T2, S3 to B, T3 of S1 to B are obtained.
Assume 8 unknowns:
the sound propagation speed of the seawater at the upper layer is V1, and the sound propagation speed of the seawater at the lower layer is V2;
s1, making a sound, wherein the transmission time of the upper layer is T11, and the transmission time of the lower layer is T12;
s2, making a sound, wherein the transmission time of the upper layer is T21, and the transmission time of the lower layer is T22;
s3, making a sound, wherein the transmission time of the upper layer is T31, and the transmission time of the lower layer is T32;
simultaneous equations:
①T11+T12＝T1
②T21+T22＝T2
③T31+T32＝T2
④V1*T11+V2*T12＝L1
⑤V1*T21+V2*T22＝L2
⑥V1*T31+V2*T32＝L3
⑦(V1*T11)/(V2*T12)＝(V1*T21)/(V2*T22)
⑧(V1*T21)/(V2*T22)＝(V1*T31)/(V2*T32)
8 unknowns and 8 equations can be directly solved to obtain results V1 and V2; using T11, T12 and L1, the heights of the upper and lower water layers can be calculated.
For another example, the seawater area is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and the layered section is horizontal in the measurement range, so long as the above-water sound source devices at 5 positions on the water surface are matched with 1 underwater base point, the method can obtain: the acoustic velocity of each of the 3 layers and the height of each layer. If sea water in sea area is divided into upper and lower n layers, the density and thickness of sea water layering between the underwater base point and the above-water sound source device can be calculated by matching the above-water sound source devices at 2n-1 positions with 1 underwater base point. Similarly, if an underwater base point is arranged at a certain distance on the sea bottom, accurate calibration is performed; on the water surface, there are also arranged at intervals on the water surface sound source devices which can be multiplexed among a plurality of adjacent base points, thereby forming the capability of monitoring the detailed condition of the sea water density layering of the whole water area in real time.
Propagation speed of sound in different substances:
propagation speed depends on the temperature, pressure and salinity of the seawater;
the speed of sound increases non-linearly with increasing pressure;
every 1 ℃ higher sea water temperature, the sound wave propagation speed is increased by about 4.5 m/s;
every 1 per mill of salinity increase, the speed of sound is increased by 1.30 m/s.
In deep sea, the vertical change in temperature tends to flatten out, and the sound velocity increases with increasing pressure.
Claims (2)
1. A sea water density measuring method of a large-scale sea area is characterized in that: by using the positioning device of the underwater passive foundation point, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an underwater base point, accurately calibrating geographic position information G1 of the base point, and arranging an underwater passive sensor (1) on the base point;
(2) The water sound source generator (3) sends out specific sound signals, and simultaneously obtains time T2 and geographic position information G2 when the sound signals are sent out through the GPS positioning device and sends the time T2 and the geographic position information G2 to the water data acquisition device (2);
(3) The water data acquisition device (2) acquires the time T1 when the underwater passive sensor (1) detects the sound signal;
(4) Calculating to obtain the distance between two points according to the geographic position information G1 of the base point and the geographic position information G2 when the sound source generator on water sends the sound signal; according to the time T1 when the underwater passive sensor (1) detects the sound signal and the time T2 when the water sound source generator transmits the sound signal, calculating to obtain the time required by sound transmission, and obtaining the sound transmission speed through the distance/time;
(5) According to the association relation between the speed of sound propagation in the seawater and the seawater density, calculating to obtain the seawater density of the water area;
the positioning device of the underwater passive base point comprises an underwater passive sensor (1), an on-water data acquisition device (2) and an on-water sound source generator (3); the underwater passive sensor (1) is connected with the water data acquisition device (2) through an optical fiber (4); the water sound source generator (3) is connected with the water data acquisition device (2); a GPS positioning device is arranged on the water sound source generator (3);
in the step (1), the geographical position information of the base point includes longitude, latitude and elevation; the method for accurately calibrating the geographical position information of the base point utilizes a positioning device of an underwater passive base point, and comprises the following steps:
(1) The water sound source generator (3) sends out specific sound signals, and meanwhile, the GPS positioning device acquires time and geographic position information when sending the sound signals and sends the time and geographic position information to the water data acquisition device (2): when the number of the water sound source generators (3) is one, one water sound source generator (3) sends out specific sound signals at three different positions, and meanwhile, the time and geographic position information when the sound signals are sent is acquired through the GPS positioning device and is sent to the water data acquisition device (2); when the number of the three water sound source generators (3) is three, the three water sound source generators (3) respectively and independently send specific sound signals at different positions, and meanwhile, the time and geographic position information when the sound signals are sent is acquired through the GPS positioning device and is sent to the water data acquisition device (2); the three sets of time and geographic location information received at the three locations are respectively noted as: t1', G1', T2', G2', T3', G3';
(2) The water data acquisition device (2) acquires the time when the underwater passive sensor (1) detects the sound signals, and the time when three different signals are detected is respectively recorded as: t1", T2", T3";
(3) Calculating to obtain distances between the underwater passive sensor (1) and the underwater sound source generator (3) by using three groups of time differences acquired by the water data acquisition device (2), wherein the distances are respectively recorded as L1', L2', L3'; the method comprises the steps of taking G1 'as a sphere center, L1' as a radius drawing sphere, G2 'as a sphere center, L2' as a radius drawing sphere, G3 'as a sphere center and L3' as a radius drawing sphere, wherein the intersecting position of the 3 spheres is the geographical position of the underwater passive sensor (1).
2. A multi-layer sea water density measuring method in a large-scale sea area is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an underwater base point and 2n-1 water base points, wherein n is the number of seawater layers;
(2) Accurately calibrating geographical position information of an underwater base point, and arranging an underwater passive sensor (1) on the underwater base point;
(2) Respectively placing a water sound source generator (3) on each water base point, respectively sending specific sound signals by the water sound source generator (3), and simultaneously acquiring time and geographic position information when sending the sound signals through a GPS positioning device and sending the time and geographic position information to a water data acquisition device (2);
(3) The water data acquisition device (2) acquires the time when the underwater passive sensor (1) detects the sound signal;
(4) According to the geographical position information of the underwater base point and the geographical position information when each underwater sound source generator transmits a sound signal, the distance between each underwater sound source generator and the underwater base point is calculated; according to the time when the underwater passive sensor (1) detects the sound signal and the time when each underwater sound source generator transmits the sound signal, respectively calculating to obtain the time of sound propagation between each underwater sound source generator and the underwater base point; simultaneous equations, calculating to obtain sound propagation speeds and layer heights of different layers;
(5) And calculating the sea water density of each layer of the water area according to the association relation between the propagation speed of sound in each layer of sea water and the sea water density.
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