CN107607104B - Low polarization error depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope - Google Patents
Low polarization error depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a depolarization fiber optic gyroscope with low polarization error.A light source is divided into two paths of light by a coupler, wherein one path of light is divided into a first path of light and a second path of light by an integrated optical modulator, the first path of light enters an optical fiber ring through a first depolarizer, and the second path of light enters the optical fiber ring through a second depolarizer; the polarization feedback controller eliminates polarization errors based on a light intensity difference of output light of the first depolarizer and the second depolarizer. According to the polarization-eliminating fiber optic gyroscope, the polarization feedback controller is added in the light path of the existing polarization-eliminating fiber optic gyroscope, so that the two polarization-eliminating devices at the input end and the output end of the fiber optic ring have the same axial angle, the polarization error of the fiber optic gyroscope is reduced, the precision of the polarization-eliminating fiber optic gyroscope and the zero-polarization stability of the fiber optic gyroscope are improved, and the polarization-eliminating fiber optic gyroscope can better exert the advantage of low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of optical gyroscope instruments, in particular to a low polarization error depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope adopting a polarization control depolarization loop.
Background
The fiber optic gyroscope is an all-solid-state fiber optic sensor for measuring the rotation rate based on the phase change caused by the Sagnac effect. Since the optical fiber gyroscope has the advantages of long service life, light weight, large measurement range, quick start and the like, the optical fiber gyroscope is subjected to rapid development and wide application since the first optical fiber gyroscope prototype is realized in 1976. The fiber-optic gyroscope has gradually replaced the traditional mechanical gyroscope and becomes the mainstream device in the field of inertial navigation. At present, most of fiber optic gyroscopes with medium and high precision adopt polarization maintaining fiber technology to reduce zero polarization error caused by polarization non-reciprocity. However, the medium and high precision fiber optic gyroscope generally adopts a 1-2 km or even longer fiber optic coil, which causes the cost of the polarization maintaining fiber optic coil to occupy a very large proportion of the cost of the whole fiber optic gyroscope, which may affect the popularization and application of the medium and high precision fiber optic gyroscope. Therefore, the depolarization technology using single-mode fiber is more attractive to medium and high precision fiber optic gyroscopes, and still attracts much attention.
The structure commonly adopted by the existing depolarization type fiber optic gyroscope is that a depolarizer is respectively added at two ends of a single-mode fiber optic coil. The depolarizer generally adopts a Lyot (Lyot) structure, i.e. two polarization maintaining fibers are welded at an angle of 45 degrees in the direction of a main axis, the length of the second polarization maintaining fiber is twice that of the first polarization maintaining fiber, and the length difference is far greater than the depolarization length of the polarization maintaining fibers, so that any polarized incident light entering the depolarizer can generate two beams of light with the same intensity which propagate along the fast and slow axes of the second polarization maintaining fiber, and the polarized incident light is incoherent. When light passes through the polarizer of the Y waveguide, stable 1/2 optical power always passes through, and therefore polarization non-reciprocity caused along the single-mode fiber does not affect the zero bias of the gyroscope any more. However, in an actual depolarization gyroscope, an included angle between two polarization-maintaining fiber spindles of a depolarizer cannot guarantee accurate 45-degree welding, which still causes polarization errors to be introduced into the depolarization gyroscope, and therefore, how to eliminate the polarization errors of the depolarization fiber gyroscope and improve the precision of the depolarization fiber gyroscope becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a depolarization fiber optic gyroscope with low polarization error, which comprises a feedback loop capable of controlling the included angle of a principal axis of a polarization-maintaining fiber of a depolarizer, so that the polarization error caused by imperfect counter shaft of the depolarizer can be reduced.
(II) technical scheme
The present disclosure provides a depolarized fiber optic gyroscope with low polarization error, comprising: the polarization feedback controller comprises a light source, a coupler, an integrated optical modulator, a first depolarizer, a second depolarizer, a fiber ring and a polarization feedback controller; the light emitted by the light source is divided into two paths of light through the coupler, wherein one path of light is divided into a first path of light and a second path of light through the integrated optical modulator, the first path of light enters the optical fiber ring through the first depolarizer, and the second path of light enters the optical fiber ring through the second depolarizer; the polarization feedback controller eliminates polarization errors based on the light intensity difference of the output light of the first depolarizer and the second depolarizer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first depolarizer includes a first polarization maintaining fiber and a third polarization maintaining fiber; the second depolarizer includes a second polarization maintaining fiber and a fourth polarization maintaining fiber.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the polarization feedback controller comprises: the device comprises an optical fiber polarization controller, a first polarization beam splitter, a second detector, a third detector and a differentiator; the optical fiber polarization controller is connected between the first polarization maintaining optical fiber and the third polarization maintaining optical fiber; the input end of the first polarization beam splitter is connected with the output end of the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber in an opposite-axis mode, the fast-axis output end of the first polarization beam splitter is connected with the optical fiber ring, and the slow-axis output end of the first polarization beam splitter is connected with the second detector; the input end of the second polarization beam splitter is connected with the output end of the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber in an aligned mode, the fast-axis output end of the second polarization beam splitter is connected with the optical fiber ring, and the slow-axis output end of the second polarization beam splitter is connected with the third detector; the output ends of the second detector and the third detector are connected with the two input ends of the differentiator, and the output end of the differentiator is connected with the optical fiber polarization controller.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first path of light enters the first polarization maintaining fiber, and then enters the third polarization maintaining fiber through the fiber polarization controller, and the second path of light enters the second polarization maintaining fiber, and then enters the fourth polarization maintaining fiber; the first polarization beam splitter transmits the wave train along the slow axis of the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber to the second detector, and the second polarization beam splitter transmits the wave train along the slow axis of the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber to the third detector; the second detector detects first light intensity along a slow-axis wavetrain of a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and the third detector detects second light intensity along a slow-axis wavetrain of a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber; the differentiator calculates the light intensity difference between the first light intensity and the second light intensity, and controls the optical fiber polarization controller to rotate the light polarization direction output by the first polarization maintaining optical fiber, so that the main shaft included angle between the first polarization maintaining optical fiber and the third polarization maintaining optical fiber is the same as the main shaft included angle between the second polarization maintaining optical fiber and the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the angle between the first polarization maintaining fiber principal axis and the third polarization maintaining fiber principal axis is 45 °, and the angle between the second polarization maintaining fiber principal axis and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber principal axis is also 45 °; the third polarization maintaining fiber length is twice as long as the first polarization maintaining fiber length, and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber length is twice as long as the second polarization maintaining fiber length.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the remaining devices except the first polarization maintaining fiber, the second polarization maintaining fiber, the third polarization maintaining fiber and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber are connected by a single mode fiber; the optical fiber ring is wound by a single mode optical fiber.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the light source is an erbium doped fiber light source.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fiber polarization controller is a fully dynamic fiber polarization controlled optical integrated device.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the integrated optical modulator is a Y-waveguide integrated optical modulator.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the coupler is a 2 × 2 single mode fiber coupler.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the technical scheme, the depolarization fiber optic gyroscope with low polarization error has the following beneficial effects: the polarization feedback controller is added in the light path of the existing depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope, so that two depolarizers at the input end and the output end of the optical fiber ring have the same axial angle, the polarization error of the optical fiber gyroscope is reduced, the precision of the depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope and the zero-polarization stability of the optical fiber gyroscope are improved, and the depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope can better exert the advantage of low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a depolarized fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of the symbols
1-a light source; 2-a first detector; a 3-coupler; 4-an integrated optical modulator; 5-a first polarization maintaining fiber; 6-a second polarization maintaining fiber; 7-fiber polarization controller; 8-a third polarization maintaining fiber; 9-a fourth polarization maintaining fiber; 10-a first polarizing beam splitter; 11-a second polarizing beam splitter; 12-a second detector; 13-a third detector; 14-a differentiator; 15-fiber ring.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings in the embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely illustrative of some, and not restrictive, of the embodiments of the disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
The maximum polarization error can be known by carrying out the theoretical analysis of the polarization error of the optical fiber gyroscope adopting the two depolarizers
Related to the difference between the included angles gamma 1 and gamma 2 between the principal axes of the two sections of polarization-maintaining optical fibers of the two depolarizers, which can be expressed as
As can be seen from the formula (1), it is only necessary to ensure that the included angle between the principal axes of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers of the two depolarizers satisfies gamma1＝γ2The influence of the polarization error on the precision of the offset fiber-optic gyroscope can be greatly reduced.
Based on the above analysis, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a depolarized fiber-optic gyroscope with low polarization error, referring to fig. 1, including: the device comprises a light source 1, a first detector 2, a coupler 3, an integrated optical modulator 4, a first polarization maintaining fiber 5, a second polarization maintaining fiber 6, a fiber polarization controller 7, a third polarization maintaining fiber 8, a fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9, a first polarization beam splitter 10, a second polarization beam splitter 11, a second detector 12, a third detector 13, a differentiator 14 and a fiber loop 15.
The light source 1 adopts a wide-spectrum light source, preferably an erbium-doped fiber light source, so as to meet the requirements of a medium-high precision fiber optic gyroscope.
The first input end of the coupler 3 is connected with the light source 1 through a single mode fiber, and light emitted by the light source 1 is divided into two paths of light with equal parts through the coupler 3.
The input end of the integrated optical modulator 4 is connected with the first output end of the coupler 3 through a single-mode optical fiber, and the first detector 2 is connected with the second output end of the coupler 3 through a single-mode optical fiber. The coupler 3 inputs one path of light into the integrated optical modulator 4, and the path of light is polarized by the integrated optical modulator 4 and then forms two paths of light: the first path of light and the second path of light.
The first polarization maintaining fiber 5 and the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 which are connected by single-mode fibers form a first depolarizer, and the second polarization maintaining fiber 6 and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9 which are connected by single-mode fibers form a second depolarizer. The first depolarizer and the second depolarizer are respectively connected to two ends of the optical fiber ring 15, and the optical fiber ring 15 is a single-mode optical fiber. The first polarization maintaining fiber 5 is connected to the first output end of the integrated optical modulator 4 through a single mode fiber, and the second polarization maintaining fiber 6 is connected to the second output end of the integrated optical modulator 4 through a single mode fiber.
The included angle between the main axis of the first polarization maintaining fiber 5 and the main axis of the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 is 45 degrees, and the included angle between the main axis of the second polarization maintaining fiber 6 and the main axis of the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9 is 45 degrees. The third polarization maintaining fiber 5 has twice the length of the first polarization maintaining fiber 8, and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9 has twice the length of the second polarization maintaining fiber 6. For depolarization purposes and increased robustness, the lengths of the first and second polarization maintaining fibers 5, 6 are much longer than the decoherence length of the fiber loop 15.
In the depolarization fiber optic gyroscope of this embodiment, the fiber polarization controller 7, the first polarization beam splitter 10, the second polarization beam splitter 11, the third detector 13, and the differentiator 14 constitute a polarization feedback controller. The optical fiber polarization controller 7 is connected between the first polarization maintaining optical fiber 5 and the third polarization maintaining optical fiber 8, the input end of the first polarization beam splitter 10 is connected with the output end of the third polarization maintaining optical fiber 8 in an opposite axis manner, the fast axis output end of the first polarization beam splitter 10 is connected with the optical fiber ring 15, and the slow axis output end is connected with the second detector 12. The input end of the second polarization beam splitter 11 is connected with the output end of the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber 9 in a counter-axial manner, the fast-axis output end of the second polarization beam splitter 11 is connected with the optical fiber ring 15, and the slow-axis output end of the second polarization beam splitter is connected with the third detector 13. The output ends of the second detector 12 and the third detector 13 are connected with two input ends of a differentiator, and the output end of the differentiator 14 is connected with the optical fiber polarization controller 7. A depolarization control loop with polarization feedback is formed by the first polarization maintaining fiber 5, the second polarization maintaining fiber 6, the third polarization maintaining fiber 8, the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9, the first polarization beam splitter 10, the second polarization beam splitter 11, the second detector 12, the third detector 13, the differentiator 14 and the optical fiber polarization controller 7, so that the polarization error of the depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope is reduced.
A first path of light of the integrated optical modulator 4 enters a first polarization fiber 5 and then enters a third polarization maintaining fiber 8 through an optical fiber polarization controller 7; the second path of light enters the second polarization fiber 6 and then enters the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9. Because the lengths of the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9 are respectively twice the lengths of the first polarization maintaining fiber 5 and the second polarization maintaining fiber 6 and are both far greater than the decoherence length of the light waves, 4 parts of light waves are respectively output from the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9 and are distributed on the fast and slow axes of the optical fibers in pairs, and depolarization is realized.
If the main shaft included angle between the first polarization maintaining fiber 5 and the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 is completely the same as the main shaft included angle between the second polarization maintaining fiber 6 and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9, the light intensity detected by the second detector 12 is equal to that detected by the third detector 13. However, in an actual depolarizing fiber optic gyroscope, the two principal axis included angles of the depolarizer cannot be guaranteed to be completely equal, so that a polarization error is still introduced into the depolarizing fiber optic gyroscope.
In the depolarization fiber-optic gyroscope of this embodiment, the first polarization-maintaining beam splitter 10 is welded to the third polarization-maintaining fiber 8 in a countershaft manner, the second polarization-maintaining beam splitter 11 is welded to the fourth polarization-maintaining fiber 9 in a countershaft manner, and the light intensity in the slow axis direction is received by the second detector 12 and the third detector 13. The differentiator 14 differentiates the light intensity detected by the second detector 12 and the third detector 13, the optical fiber polarization controller 7 is controlled by the light intensity differentiation, so that the light polarization main shaft emitted by the first polarization maintaining fiber 5 rotates, the main shaft included angle between the first polarization maintaining fiber 5 and the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 is completely the same as the main shaft included angle between the second polarization maintaining fiber 6 and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9, and the formula (1) shows that the polarization error of the depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope is greatly reduced, the polarization feedback control is completed, and the precision of the depolarization type optical fiber gyroscope is improved.
It can be seen that the light wave with any polarization direction output from the integrated optical modulator 4 passes through the first depolarizer and the second depolarizer, and the polarization component is decomposed into four wave trains distributed symmetrically along the fast and slow axes of the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 and four wave trains distributed symmetrically along the fast and slow axes of the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9. Wherein two wave trains in the direction of the slow axis can be detected by the detector. By measuring the intensity difference of output light of the slow axis of the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 and the slow axis of the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9, the optical fiber polarization controller 7 is controlled to rotate the light polarization direction output by the first polarization maintaining fiber 5 until the intensity difference of output light of the slow axis of the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 and the slow axis of the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9 is 0, so that polarization control feedback is completed, the purpose of depolarization is achieved, and polarization errors are reduced.
In the present disclosure, the optical fiber polarization controller 7 selects an optical integrated device for full-dynamic optical fiber polarization control; the fiber ring 15 is wound from a single mode fiber; the integrated optical modulator 4 is a Y waveguide integrated optical modulator; the coupler 3 is a 2 × 2 single mode fiber coupler. Except for the first polarization maintaining fiber 5, the second polarization maintaining fiber 6, the third polarization maintaining fiber 8 and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber 9, the rest light path components are connected and wound by single mode fibers.
Up to this point, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly recognize the present disclosure.
It is to be noted that, in the attached drawings or in the description, the implementation modes not shown or described are all the modes known by the ordinary skilled person in the field of technology, and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of the various elements are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or modes mentioned in the embodiments, and those skilled in the art may easily modify or replace them, for example:
(1) directional phrases used in the embodiments, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., refer only to the orientation of the drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure;
(2) the embodiments described above may be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations, i.e. technical features in different embodiments may be freely combined to form further embodiments.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A low polarization error depolarized fiber optic gyroscope comprising: the polarization feedback controller comprises a light source, a coupler, an integrated optical modulator, a first depolarizer, a second depolarizer, a fiber ring and a polarization feedback controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
light emitted by the light source is divided into two paths of light through the coupler, wherein one path of light is divided into a first path of light and a second path of light through the integrated optical modulator, the first path of light enters the optical fiber ring through the first depolarizer, and the second path of light enters the optical fiber ring through the second depolarizer;
the polarization feedback controller eliminates polarization errors based on the light intensity difference of output light of the first depolarizer and the second depolarizer;
the first depolarizer comprises a first polarization maintaining fiber and a third polarization maintaining fiber; the second depolarizer comprises a second polarization maintaining optical fiber and a fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber;
the polarization feedback controller includes: the device comprises an optical fiber polarization controller, a first polarization beam splitter, a second detector, a third detector and a differentiator;
the optical fiber polarization controller is connected between the first polarization maintaining optical fiber and the third polarization maintaining optical fiber;
the input end of the first polarization beam splitter is connected with the output end of the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber in an opposite-axis mode, the fast-axis output end of the first polarization beam splitter is connected with the optical fiber ring, and the slow-axis output end of the first polarization beam splitter is connected with the second detector;
the input end of the second polarization beam splitter is connected with the output end of the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber in an aligned mode, the fast-axis output end of the second polarization beam splitter is connected with the optical fiber ring, and the slow-axis output end of the second polarization beam splitter is connected with the third detector;
the output ends of the second detector and the third detector are connected with the two input ends of the differentiator, and the output end of the differentiator is connected with the optical fiber polarization controller.
2. The depolarized fiber-optic gyroscope of claim 1,
the first path of light enters the first polarization maintaining optical fiber, then enters the third polarization maintaining optical fiber through the optical fiber polarization controller, and the second path of light enters the second polarization maintaining optical fiber and then enters the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber;
the first polarization beam splitter transmits the wave train along the slow axis of the third polarization-maintaining optical fiber to the second detector, and the second polarization beam splitter transmits the wave train along the slow axis of the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber to the third detector;
the second detector detects first light intensity along a slow-axis wavetrain of a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and the third detector detects second light intensity along a slow-axis wavetrain of a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber;
the differentiator calculates the light intensity difference between the first light intensity and the second light intensity, and controls the optical fiber polarization controller to rotate the light polarization direction output by the first polarization maintaining optical fiber, so that the main shaft included angle between the first polarization maintaining optical fiber and the third polarization maintaining optical fiber is the same as the main shaft included angle between the second polarization maintaining optical fiber and the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber.
3. The depolarized fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, said first polarization maintaining fiber principal axis making an angle of 45 ° with a third polarization maintaining fiber principal axis, said second polarization maintaining fiber principal axis making an angle of 45 ° with a fourth polarization maintaining fiber principal axis; the third polarization maintaining fiber length is twice as long as the first polarization maintaining fiber length, and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber length is twice as long as the second polarization maintaining fiber length.
4. The depolarized fiber-optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the devices except the first polarization maintaining fiber, the second polarization maintaining fiber, the third polarization maintaining fiber and the fourth polarization maintaining fiber are connected by a single-mode fiber; the optical fiber ring is wound by a single mode optical fiber.
5. The depolarized fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, said light source being an erbium doped fiber optic light source.
6. The depolarized fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, the fiber polarization controller being a fully dynamic fiber polarization controlled optical integrated device.
7. The depolarized fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, the integrated optical modulator being a Y-waveguide integrated optical modulator.
8. The depolarized fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, said coupler being a 2 x 2 single mode fiber optic coupler.
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| CN111366145A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-03 | 浙江大学 | Optical multiplication device and method for polarization maintaining optical fiber sensitive coil of optical fiber gyroscope |
| CN114964203B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-10-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Depolarization method and system for hollow-core microstructure fiber optic gyroscope |
| CN116045944B (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-05-30 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇七研究所 | Single-ring double-sensitive-axis optical fiber gyro |
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