CN107586923B - A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical - Google Patents
A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technicals, including stage-hardening three times, pass through reasonable quenching technical sequence arrangement and parameter setting, effectively improve the conversion uniformity of wear-resistant ball metallographic structure, comprehensive mechanical performance significantly increases, surface hardness is up to 54HRC, shock resistance value >=3.7J/cm2, ball falling impact fatigue life >=12000 time, integrated artistic is simple, and replicability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wear-resistant ball processing and heat treatment technical fields, and in particular to a kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching
Technique.
Background technique
Wear-resistant ball is a kind of crushing medium in ball mill, and wear-resistant ball is important component part in the ball mill,
For the material in ball mill pulverizer, it is broadly divided into two kinds: one is using chromium as the white cast-iron of main alloy element, abbreviation chromium
Alloy cast iron is known as chromium alloy iron casting abrading ball by the cast grinding ball of material of chrome alloy cast iron；Another kind is to be with spheroidal graphite cast-iron
The cast grinding ball of material is known as ductile iron abrading-ball.Its main function is to carry out impact grinding to material, while also functioning to one
Fixed abrasive action, belongs to vulnerable part.Currently, various large-size ball mill increases year by year with industrialized fast development, and
Existing wear-resistant ball texture is coarse, and hardness is relatively low, and impact flexibility is low, and wear-resisting property is poor, therefore, the consumption of wear-resistant ball
It increases substantially, strong influence industry development.
The general wearability for improving metal alloy, mainly from the chemical composition change of alloy-steel casting and the processing of casting
Two aspects of technique are changed, to improve the wear-resisting property of alloy-steel casting.Wherein, at using the processing technology aspect heat of casting
Reason is to change the important method of alloy-steel casting hardness, but present heat treatment process is too simple and traditional, be unable to satisfy for
Therefore the quality requirement of industry wear-resistant ball now is badly in need of developing a kind of heat treatment process that can effectively improve wear-resistant ball hardness.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the invention proposes a kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technicals, including three
Secondary stage-hardening effectively improves turning for wear-resistant ball metallographic structure by reasonable quenching technical sequence arrangement and parameter setting
Change uniformity, comprehensive mechanical performance significantly increases, and integrated artistic is simple, and replicability is strong.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical solution is employed by the present invention:
A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical, comprising the following steps:
1) by the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball of shaping and demoulding, it is placed in heat temperature raising in heating furnace, is first directly warming up to 650
DEG C, 1h is kept the temperature, then be warming up to 780 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5h, heating is then repeated with staged, is kept the temperature to 820-840 DEG C；
2) wear-resistant ball after heating in step 1) is taken out, being placed in progress salt bath processing, salt bath furnace temperature in salt bath furnace is
430 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；
3) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 2) salt bath is taken out, carries out 1-2 rinsing, dry, reheating is warming up to 650-700
DEG C heat preservation 1-1.5h, takes out and carries out secondary water quenching；
4) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 3) water quenching is taken out, pours into nitrate quenching slot to be swung three times after dry and quench
Fire, nitrate quenching temperature are 220-250 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；
5) wear-resistant ball after step 4) nitrate quenching is taken out, is rinsed, dry, 320-360 DEG C of tempering keeps the temperature 2-6h, takes out empty
It is cold.
Preferably, staged repeats heating in step 1), heat preservation is specially 10-15 DEG C of heating gradient, and soaking time is
0.5h。
Preferably, salt bath solution is mixed by the sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride water of molar ratio 1:1:0-0.4 in step 2)
It closes.
Preferably, secondary water quenching uses atomizing water quenching in step 3).
Preferably, it is carried out during the secondary water quenching of step 3) air-cooled.
Preferably, salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath is mixed by mass ratio 2:2:0.5 sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite in step 4).
Preferably, step 2), 4) in salt bath, salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride is recyclable recycles.
Preferably, the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball handled in making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical includes following hundred
Point contain secondary element: C 0.4-0.65%, Si 1.2-1.4%, Mn 1.1-1.5%, Cr 1.5-1.75%, Al 0.1-0.3%,
Mo 0.6-0.7%, (Cu+Ni)≤0.45%, Re 0.08-0.2%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball further include Nb≤0.2%, Ti≤0.2%, V≤0.2%, Zr≤
0.2%.
Due to using above-mentioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: quenching technical of the present invention includes being segmented three times
Quenching, to 820-840 DEG C, casting austenitizing is first quenched gentle transition with salt bath up to 100% for first segmentally heating, heat preservation, then into
The more fierce secondary water quenching+wind quenching of row, organizes metallurgical transformation uniform at this time, and whole good compactness, is finally bathed and is put with salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride
Dynamic quenching, has been effectively relieved the unstability of institutional framework, and stacking fault energy further decreases, and quenching stress is small, and strong hardness is high, casting
Formation of martensite is up to 80% or more after quenching, and wherein lath martensite accounts for 50% or more.The present invention passes through reasonable quenching technical
Sequence arrangement and parameter setting effectively improve the conversion uniformity of wear-resistant ball metallographic structure, and comprehensive mechanical performance significantly increases,
Surface hardness is up to 54HRC, shock resistance value >=3.7J/cm2, ball falling impact fatigue life >=12000 time, integrated artistic is simple,
Replicability is strong.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical, comprising the following steps:
1) by the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball of shaping and demoulding, it is placed in heat temperature raising in heating furnace, is first directly warming up to 650
DEG C, 1h is kept the temperature, then be warming up to 780 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5h, then repeats heating, 0.5h to 820 DEG C of heat preservation with 10 DEG C of stageds；
2) wear-resistant ball after heating in step 1) is taken out, being placed in progress salt bath processing, salt bath furnace temperature in salt bath furnace is
430 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt bath solution is mixed by sodium chloride, the potassium chloride solution of molar ratio 1:1；
3) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 2) salt bath is taken out, carries out 1-2 rinsing, dry, reheating is warming up to 670 DEG C of guarantors
Warm 1.2h takes out and carries out secondary water quenching, and secondary water quenching uses atomizing water quenching, and cooperates air-cooled, outlet air during secondary water quenching
Amount is 1000m3/L；
4) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 3) water quenching is taken out, pours into nitrate quenching slot to be swung three times after dry and quench
Fire, nitrate quenching temperature are 240 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath is by mass ratio 2:2:0.5 sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, nitrous acid
Sodium mixes；
5) wear-resistant ball after step 4) nitrate quenching is taken out, is rinsed, dry, 350 DEG C of tempering keep the temperature 5h, and taking-up is air-cooled, i.e.,
It can.
Making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball involved in this quenching technical includes following percentage composition element: C 0.55%, Si
1.26%, Mn 1.25%, Cr 1.63%, Al 0.24%, Mo 0.65%, (Cu+Ni) 0.35% (wherein Cu 0.2%), Re
0.1%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.It further include Nb 0.15%, Ti 0.2%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.15%.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical, comprising the following steps:
1) by the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball of shaping and demoulding, it is placed in heat temperature raising in heating furnace, is first directly warming up to 650
DEG C, 1h is kept the temperature, then be warming up to 780 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5h, then repeats heating, 0.5h to 830 DEG C of heat preservation with 15 DEG C of stageds；
2) wear-resistant ball after heating in step 1) is taken out, being placed in progress salt bath processing, salt bath furnace temperature in salt bath furnace is
430 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt bath solution by molar ratio 1:1:0.2 sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride water mixing and
At；
3) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 2) salt bath is taken out, carries out 1-2 rinsing, dry, reheating is warming up to 650 DEG C of guarantors
Warm 1.5h takes out and carries out secondary water quenching, and secondary water quenching uses atomizing water quenching, and cooperates air-cooled, outlet air during secondary water quenching
Amount is 1000m3/L；
4) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 3) water quenching is taken out, pours into nitrate quenching slot to be swung three times after dry and quench
Fire, nitrate quenching temperature are 220 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath is by mass ratio 2:2:0.5 sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, nitrous acid
Sodium mixes；
5) wear-resistant ball after step 4) nitrate quenching is taken out, is rinsed, dry, 360 DEG C of tempering keep the temperature 3h, and taking-up is air-cooled, i.e.,
It can.
Making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball involved in this quenching technical includes following percentage composition element: C 0.55%, Si
1.26%, Mn 1.25%, Cr 1.63%, Al 0.24%, Mo 0.65%, (Cu+Ni) 0.35% (wherein Cu 0.2%), Re
0.1%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.It further include Nb 0.15%, Ti 0.2%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.15%.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical, comprising the following steps:
1) by the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball of shaping and demoulding, it is placed in heat temperature raising in heating furnace, is first directly warming up to 650
DEG C, 1h is kept the temperature, then be warming up to 780 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5h, then repeats heating, 0.5h to 840 DEG C of heat preservation with 10 DEG C of stageds；
2) wear-resistant ball after heating in step 1) is taken out, being placed in progress salt bath processing, salt bath furnace temperature in salt bath furnace is
430 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt bath solution by molar ratio 1:1:0.3 sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride water mixing and
At；
3) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 2) salt bath is taken out, carries out 1-2 rinsing, dry, reheating is warming up to 700 DEG C of guarantors
Warm 1.5h takes out and carries out secondary water quenching, and secondary water quenching uses atomizing water quenching, and cooperates air-cooled, outlet air during secondary water quenching
Amount is 1000m3/L；
4) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 3) water quenching is taken out, pours into nitrate quenching slot to be swung three times after dry and quench
Fire, nitrate quenching temperature are 250 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath is by mass ratio 2:2:0.5 sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, nitrous acid
Sodium mixes；
5) wear-resistant ball after step 4) nitrate quenching is taken out, is rinsed, dry, 320 DEG C of tempering keep the temperature 6h, and taking-up is air-cooled, i.e.,
It can.
Making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball involved in this quenching technical includes following percentage composition element: C 0.55%, Si
1.26%, Mn 1.25%, Cr 1.63%, Al 0.24%, Mo 0.65%, (Cu+Ni) 0.35% (wherein Cu 0.2%), Re
0.1%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.It further include Nb 0.15%, Ti 0.2%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.15%.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical, comprising the following steps:
1) by the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball of shaping and demoulding, it is placed in heat temperature raising in heating furnace, is first directly warming up to 650
DEG C, 1h is kept the temperature, then be warming up to 780 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5h, then repeats heating, 0.5h to 840 DEG C of heat preservation with 15 DEG C of stageds；
2) wear-resistant ball after heating in step 1) is taken out, being placed in progress salt bath processing, salt bath furnace temperature in salt bath furnace is
430 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt bath solution by molar ratio 1:1:0.4 sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride water mixing and
At；
3) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 2) salt bath is taken out, carries out 1-2 rinsing, dry, reheating is warming up to 650 DEG C of guarantors
Warm 1.5h takes out and carries out secondary water quenching, and secondary water quenching uses atomizing water quenching, and cooperates air-cooled, outlet air during secondary water quenching
Amount is 1000m3/L；
4) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 3) water quenching is taken out, pours into nitrate quenching slot to be swung three times after dry and quench
Fire, nitrate quenching temperature are 220 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath is by mass ratio 2:2:0.5 sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, nitrous acid
Sodium mixes；
5) wear-resistant ball after step 4) nitrate quenching is taken out, is rinsed, dry, 350 DEG C of tempering keep the temperature 6h, and taking-up is air-cooled, i.e.,
It can.
Making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball involved in this quenching technical includes following percentage composition element: C 0.65%, Si
1.2%, Mn 1.5%, Cr 1.7%, Al 0.3%, Mo 0.6%, (Cu+Ni) 0.45% (wherein Cu 0.28%), Re
0.15%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.It further include Nb 0.2%, Ti 0.1%, V 0.1%, Zr 0.1%.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical, comprising the following steps:
1) by the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball of shaping and demoulding, it is placed in heat temperature raising in heating furnace, is first directly warming up to 650
DEG C, 1h is kept the temperature, then be warming up to 780 DEG C, keep the temperature 0.5h, then repeats heating, 0.5h to 830 DEG C of heat preservation with 10 DEG C of stageds；
2) wear-resistant ball after heating in step 1) is taken out, being placed in progress salt bath processing, salt bath furnace temperature in salt bath furnace is
430 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt bath solution by molar ratio 1:1:0.2 sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride water mixing and
At；
3) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 2) salt bath is taken out, carries out 1-2 rinsing, dry, reheating is warming up to 700 DEG C of guarantors
Warm 1.5h takes out and carries out secondary water quenching, and secondary water quenching uses atomizing water quenching, and cooperates air-cooled, outlet air during secondary water quenching
Amount is 1000m3/L；
4) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 3) water quenching is taken out, pours into nitrate quenching slot to be swung three times after dry and quench
Fire, nitrate quenching temperature are 240 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；Wherein, salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath is by mass ratio 2:2:0.5 sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, nitrous acid
Sodium mixes；
5) wear-resistant ball after step 4) nitrate quenching is taken out, is rinsed, dry, 330 DEG C of tempering keep the temperature 2h, and taking-up is air-cooled, i.e.,
It can.
Making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball involved in this quenching technical includes following percentage composition element: C 0.45%, Si
1.4%, Mn 1.1%, Cr 1.75%, Al 0.1%, Mo 0.6%, (Cu+Ni) 0.4% (wherein Cu 0.25%), Re
0.16%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.It further include Nb 0.2%, Ti 0.2%, V 0.15%, Zr 0.15%.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical, which is characterized in that the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball includes following
Mass percentage element: C 0.4-0.65%, Si 1.2-1.4%, Mn 1.1-1.5%, Cr 1.5-1.75%, Al 0.1-
0.3%, Mo 0.6-0.7%, (Cu+Ni)≤0.45%, Re 0.08-0.2%, Nb≤0.2%, Ti≤0.2%, V≤
0.2%, Zr≤0.2%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；The quenching technical packet of the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball
Include following steps:
1) by the making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball of shaping and demoulding, it is placed in heat temperature raising in heating furnace, is first directly warming up to 650 DEG C,
1h is kept the temperature, then is warming up to 780 DEG C, keeps the temperature 0.5h, heating is then repeated with staged, is kept the temperature to 820-840 DEG C；
2) wear-resistant ball in step 1) after heating being taken out, is placed in progress salt bath processing in salt bath furnace, salt bath furnace temperature is 430 ±
10 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h；
3) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 2) salt bath is taken out, carries out 1-2 rinsing, dry, reheating is warming up to 650-700 DEG C of guarantor
Warm 1-1.5h takes out and carries out secondary water quenching；
4) wear-resistant ball after the completion of step 3) water quenching is taken out, is poured into after dry and is swung quenching, nitre in nitrate quenching slot three times
Salt constant temperature hardening heat is 220-250 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2h, wherein secondary water quenching uses atomizing water quenching, during secondary water quenching also
It carries out air-cooled；
5) wear-resistant ball after step 4) nitrate quenching is taken out, is rinsed, dry, 320-360 DEG C of tempering keeps the temperature 2-6h, and taking-up is air-cooled,
?.
2. making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: staged in step 1)
Repeat heating, heat preservation is specially 10-15 DEG C of heating gradient/h, soaking time 0.5h.
3. making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: salt bath solution in step 2)
It is mixed by the sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride water of molar ratio 1:1:0-0.4.
4. making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride is bathed in step 4)
It is mixed by mass ratio 2:2:0.5 sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite.
5. making low-carbon low-chromium alloy wear-resistant ball quenching technical according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 2), 4) in salt
Bath, the recyclable recycling of salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride.
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Denomination of invention: Low-carbon and low-chromium alloy wear-resisting ball quenching technology Effective date of registration: 20190916 Granted publication date: 20181207 Pledgee: Ningguo Anhui rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd Pledgor: Ningguo City Zheng Xing high-abrasive material company limited Registration number: Y2019340000067 |
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