CN107572591A - A kind of PAFC and preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of PAFC and preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN107572591A CN107572591A CN201710908432.6A CN201710908432A CN107572591A CN 107572591 A CN107572591 A CN 107572591A CN 201710908432 A CN201710908432 A CN 201710908432A CN 107572591 A CN107572591 A CN 107572591A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to flocculant preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of PAFC and preparation method and application.The preparation method of described PAFC, is comprised the following steps:Coal ash/pyrite cinder mixture is mixed with water, is ultrasonically treated, dries, is mixed with composite assistant, high-temperature calcination activation, acidleach, polymerize, curing, obtains PAFC.The present invention is simple to operate, and cost is low, and suitable for industrialized production, obtained flocculant poly aluminium chloride ferrum flocculating effect is good, and applied widely, application prospect is big.Using flyash and pyrite cinder as raw material, turn waste into wealth, reduce production cost, avoid the discarded pollution to environment of flyash and pyrite cinder solid.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flocculant preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of PAFC and preparation method thereof is with answering
With.
Background technology
PAFC abbreviation PAFC, its chemical general formula are [Al2(OH)nCl6-n]m·[Fe2(OH)nCl6-n]m(1≤n
≤ 5, m≤10) it is a kind of New Inorganic High Polymer Coagulant.The flocculant has a variety of polymeric forms using long-chain as basic structure.
In aluminium polychloride iron molecule molecule long-chain to bend, twisted portion cyclization, between chain chain, between the face of face with some form
Chain link, ordered arrangement is repeated by link and form macromolecule, form complexity and orderly molecular structure.The flocculant combines poly-
The advantages of closing aluminium chloride (PAC) and poly-ferric chloride (PFC), the excellent flocculating property not only having and powerful charge neutrality are made
With also the adsorptivity with poly-ferric chloride is strong, the fast characteristic of settling velocity, overcomes water after aluminium polychloride (PAC) processing
Middle the shortcomings that remaining higher aluminum concentration and poly-ferric chloride (PFC) less stable.On the one hand aluminium, iron copolymerization make the polymerization to be formed
The increase of the thing degree of polymerization, the increase of branch degree, so that its net effect of catching to the pollutant in waste water significantly improves, the opposing party
Face, due to Al3+、Fe3+The addition of two metal ion species, the powered carrying capacity of institute of polymer is added, makes absorption charge neutrality ability
Enhancing, therefore higher efficiency is shown in the coagulating kinetics of water.Because it has, flocculating effect is good, raw material sources
Extensively, the advantages that residue is few in water after cheap, processing, causes the very big concern of field of water treatment.
Flyash is the solid waste of coal-burning power plant's discharge.Total volume of cargo in storage of Coal Ash in China is more than 1,000,000,000 t at present,
And with 80,000,000 t/a speed increase, but its utilization rate is less than 50%.Flyash stockpiling does not only take up a large amount of soils, and
Pollute environment.Many of flyash useful component cannot be utilized rationally, cause the waste of resource.Contain in flyash
Aluminium, iron, can prepare PAFC with it, key issue be how the SiO effectively destroyed in flyash2-Al2O3Key.Cause
And flyash needs to extract the utilities such as aluminium therein, iron through overactivation and is used.Domestic and foreign scholars
Numerous studies have been carried out to this, have obtained many effectively destruction SiO2-Al2O3The method of key.
The activation of flyash is divided into physically activated and two kinds of chemical activation, physically activated mainly to utilize mechanical lapping and micro-
Ripple hydrotropy method reaches the purpose of activation;Chemical activation mainly has lime sinter process, auxiliary agent calcination method and fluoride in acid body
Method of hydrotropy flyash etc. in system.Result of study shows, physically activated simple to operate, but mechanical polishing time is longer, and
The recovery rate of ferro-aluminum is relatively low.Limestone sintering process complex process in chemical activation, fluoride hydrotropy method effect is fine, but due to
The pollution of fluorine ion and be restricted.
The content of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and shortcoming, primary and foremost purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of PAFC
Preparation method.
The PAFC being prepared another object of the present invention is to provide above-mentioned preparation method.
Another object of the present invention is the application for improving above-mentioned PAFC.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of PAFC, is comprised the following steps:
(1) flyash and pyrite cinder are mixed, grinding, sieving, obtains flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(2) coal ash/pyrite cinder mixture made from step (1) is mixed with water, 50~80 DEG C of supersound process 3~
10min, separation of solid and liquid, dry, obtain modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(3) flyash modified made from step (2)/pyrite cinder mixture is mixed with composite assistant, high temperature
Calcining and activating, crush, sieving, flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after being activated;
(4) flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after (3) obtained activation is subjected to acidleach, separation of solid and liquid, obtains aluminium
Iron chloride solution;
(5) under stirring, in ferro-aluminum chloride solution made from step (4) add calcium aluminate is to reaction system pH
3~4,60~90 DEG C of continuation 2~3h of stirring reaction, curing, obtain PAFC;
The mass ratio of flyash and pyrite cinder described in step (1) is preferably (3~8):1;
Ultrasonic power described in step (2) is preferably 300~600W;
The mass ratio of modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture and composite assistant described in step (3) is preferred
For 1:(1~1.5);
Composite assistant described in step (3) is preferably the mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride;
The mass ratio of described sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride is preferably 3:3:(0.5~1);
The condition of calcining and activating described in step (3) is preferably 800~850 DEG C of 0.5~1h of calcining and activating, then 1000~
1200 DEG C of 0.5~1.5h of calcining and activating;
The reagent of acidleach described in step (4) is preferably the mixed acid that hydrogen ion concentration is 4~10mol/L;
Described mixed acid is the mixture of hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid;
Described hydrochloric acid and the mass ratio of phosphoric acid are preferably (3~5):1;
The solid-to-liquid ratio of the reagent of the flyash after activation/pyrite cinder mixture and acidleach described in step (4) is excellent
Elect 1 as:(3~8);
The temperature of acidleach described in step (4) is preferably 90~110 DEG C;The time of acidleach is preferably 2~4h;
The condition of curing described in step (5) is preferably 30~40 DEG C of 24~48h of curing;
A kind of PAFC, it is prepared by above-mentioned preparation method;
Application of the described PAFC in field of waste water treatment;
The principle of the present invention:
First, the present invention is carried out tentatively modified using ultrasonic wave to flyash and pyrite cinder, wherein, ultrasonic wave due to
Vibration is propagated produces Mechanical Crushing to flyash and pyrite cinder, so that its internal break face is increased, duct increase, blocks
The impurity of hole is rejected, and effectively removes flyash volatile ingredient, specific surface area increase, and physical absorption ability increases, meanwhile, surpass
Sound plays good booster action by cavitation to calcining and activating afterwards.Secondly, modified flyash/pyrite
Slag mixture mixes with composite assistant sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride, high-temperature calcination activation, in the effect of composite assistant
Under, SiO in flyash can be made2、Al2O3Dramatically increased Deng species activity, promote the fracture of Si-Al keys, accelerate Al2O3Leaching
Speed, and the non-ferrous metal such as copper in pyrite cinder, zinc, lead is oxidized to ferric oxide with chloride-sublimation, iron, as polymerization
The source of iron of aluminium chloride ferrum, it is not necessary to additionally add oxidant.Flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after activation is in hydrochloric acid and phosphorus
Acidleach is carried out in the mixed acid of acid composition, obtains ferro-aluminum chloride solution, and contains phosphate radical, then polymerization, curing, is wadded a quilt with cotton
Solidifying agent PAFC, phosphate radical and PAFC copolymerisation, the structure of polymer is changed to a certain extent
And fractions distribution, make its charge neutrality ability, the volume ability of catching etc. of beating stronger, obtained flocculant poly aluminium chloride ferrum flocculating effect
More preferably.
The present invention is had the following advantages relative to prior art and effect:
(1) present invention can effectively remove flyash and troilite using modified coal ash and pyrite cinder is ultrasonically treated
The volatile ingredient and partial impurities ion of slag, increase its specific surface area, change its form, and flyash is tentatively changed
Property and activation, beneficial to the further leaching of aluminum oxide.
(2) present invention can make SiO in flyash in the presence of composite assistant by high-temperature calcination2、Al2O3Lived Deng material
Property dramatically increases, and promotes the fracture of Si-Al keys, accelerates Al2O3Leaching velocity;Copper in pyrite cinder, zinc, lead simultaneously
Deng non-ferrous metal with chloride-sublimation, iron is oxidized to ferric oxide, the source of iron as PAFC, it is not necessary to extra addition
Oxidant.
(3) present invention adds phosphoric acid during acidleach, can not only effectively facilitate the dissolution of ferro-aluminum, can also be certain
The structure and fractions distribution of polymer are changed in degree, makes its charge neutrality ability, the volume ability of catching etc. of beating stronger, obtained wadding
Solidifying agent PAFC flocculating effect is more preferable.
(4) present invention is simple to operate, and cost is low, suitable for industrialized production, obtained flocculant poly aluminium chloride ferrum wadding
Solidifying effect is good, and applied widely, application prospect is big.
(5) present invention turns waste into wealth using flyash and pyrite cinder as raw material, reduces production cost, avoid powder
The discarded pollution to environment of coal ash and pyrite cinder solid.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
Flyash in embodiment is purchased from Inner Mongol power plant;Pyrite cinder is purchased from Anhui sulfuric acid plant, key component Fe
53.26wt%, SiO212.25wt%, Al2O31.92wt%, and Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, Ag and other accompanying elements.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of PAFC, is comprised the following steps:
(1) by flyash and pyrite cinder according to mass ratio 6:1 mixing, grinding, sieving, obtains flyash/troilite
Slag mixture;
(2) coal ash/pyrite cinder mixture made from step (1) is mixed with water, 70 DEG C, 500W supersound process
8min, separation of solid and liquid, dry, obtain modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(3) flyash modified made from step (2)/pyrite cinder mixture is mixed with composite assistant, 825 DEG C
Calcining and activating 0.6h, then 1150 DEG C of calcining and activating 1h;Crush, sieving, the flyash after being activated/pyrite cinder mixing
Thing;Wherein, the mass ratio of modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture and composite assistant is 1:1.2, composite assistant is carbon
The mixture of sour sodium, sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride, the mass ratio of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride is 3:3:0.8;
(4) mixed acid for forming flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after (3) obtained activation in hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
(mass ratio of hydrogen ion concentration 6mol/L, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is 4:1) 100 DEG C of acidleach 3h, separation of solid and liquid in, obtain ferro-aluminum chlorine
Compound solution;Wherein, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the flyash after activation/pyrite cinder mixture and mixed acid is 1:6;
(5) under stirring, in ferro-aluminum chloride solution made from step (4) add calcium aluminate is to reaction system pH
3.5,80 DEG C are continued stirring reaction 2.5h, 37 DEG C of curing 36h, obtain PAFC.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of PAFC, is comprised the following steps:
(1) by flyash and pyrite cinder according to mass ratio 3:1 mixing, grinding, sieving, obtains flyash/troilite
Slag mixture;
(2) coal ash/pyrite cinder mixture made from step (1) is mixed with water, 50 DEG C, 600W supersound process
10min, separation of solid and liquid, dry, obtain modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(3) flyash modified made from step (2)/pyrite cinder mixture is mixed with composite assistant, 800 DEG C
Calcining and activating 1h, then 1200 DEG C of calcining and activating 0.5h;Crush, sieving, the flyash after being activated/pyrite cinder mixing
Thing;Wherein, the mass ratio of modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture and composite assistant is 1:1, composite assistant is carbonic acid
The mixture of sodium, sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride, the mass ratio of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride is 3:3:0.5;
(4) mixed acid for forming flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after (3) obtained activation in hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
(mass ratio of hydrogen ion concentration 4mol/L, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is 3:1) 90 DEG C of acidleach 4h, separation of solid and liquid in, obtain ferro-aluminum chlorine
Compound solution;Wherein, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the flyash after activation/pyrite cinder mixture and mixed acid is 1:8;
(5) under stirring, in ferro-aluminum chloride solution made from step (4) add calcium aluminate is to reaction system pH
3,60 DEG C are continued stirring reaction 3h, 30 DEG C of curing 48h, obtain PAFC.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of PAFC, is comprised the following steps:
(1) by flyash and pyrite cinder according to mass ratio 8:1 mixing, grinding, sieving, obtains flyash/troilite
Slag mixture;
(2) coal ash/pyrite cinder mixture made from step (1) is mixed with water, 80 DEG C, 300W supersound process
5min, separation of solid and liquid, dry, obtain modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(3) flyash modified made from step (2)/pyrite cinder mixture is mixed with composite assistant, 850 DEG C
Calcining and activating 0.5h, then 1000 DEG C of calcining and activating 1.5h;Crush, sieving, the flyash after being activated/pyrite cinder mixing
Thing;Wherein, the mass ratio of modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture and composite assistant is 1:1.5, composite assistant is carbon
The mixture of sour sodium, sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride, the mass ratio of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride is 3:3:1;
(4) mixed acid for forming flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after (3) obtained activation in hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
(mass ratio of hydrogen ion concentration 10mol/L, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is 5:1) 110 DEG C of acidleach 2h, separation of solid and liquid, obtain ferro-aluminum in
Chloride solution;Wherein, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the flyash after activation/pyrite cinder mixture and mixed acid is 1:3;
(5) under stirring, in ferro-aluminum chloride solution made from step (4) add calcium aluminate is to reaction system pH
4,90 DEG C are continued stirring reaction 2h, 40 DEG C of curing 24h, obtain PAFC.
Comparative example 1
(1) by flyash and pyrite cinder according to mass ratio 6:1 mixing, obtains flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(2) mixed acid (hydrogen for forming flyash/pyrite cinder mixture made from step (1) in hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
Ion concentration is 6mol/L, and the mass ratio of hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is 4:1) 100 DEG C of acidleach 3h, separation of solid and liquid in, obtain ferro-aluminum chlorination
Thing solution;Wherein, the solid-to-liquid ratio of flyash/pyrite cinder mixture and mixed acid is 1:6.
Comparative example 2
A kind of preparation method of PAFC, is comprised the following steps:
(1) by flyash and pyrite cinder according to mass ratio 6:1 mixing, grinding, sieving, obtains flyash/troilite
Slag mixture;
(2) by flyash made from step (1)/825 DEG C of pyrite cinder mixture calcining and activating 0.6h, then 1150 DEG C are forged
Burn activation 1h;Crush, sieving, flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after being activated;
(3) mixed acid for forming flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after (2) obtained activation in hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
(mass ratio of hydrogen ion concentration 6mol/L, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is 4:1) 100 DEG C of acidleach 3h, separation of solid and liquid in, obtain ferro-aluminum chlorine
Compound solution;Wherein, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the flyash after activation/pyrite cinder mixture and mixed acid is 1:6;
(4) under stirring, in ferro-aluminum chloride solution made from step (3) add calcium aluminate is to reaction system pH
3.5,80 DEG C are continued stirring reaction 2.5h, 37 DEG C of curing 36h, obtain PAFC.
Comparative example 3
A kind of preparation method of PAFC, is comprised the following steps:
(1) by flyash and pyrite cinder according to mass ratio 6:1 mixing, grinding, sieving, obtains flyash/troilite
Slag mixture;
(2) coal ash/pyrite cinder mixture made from step (1) is mixed with water, 70 DEG C, 500W supersound process
5min, separation of solid and liquid, dry, obtain modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(3) flyash modified made from step (2)/pyrite cinder mixture is mixed with composite assistant, 825 DEG C
Calcining and activating 0.6h, then 1150 DEG C of calcining and activating 1h;Crush, sieving, the flyash after being activated/pyrite cinder mixing
Thing;Wherein, the mass ratio of modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture and composite assistant is 1:1.2, composite assistant is carbon
The mixture of sour sodium, sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride, the mass ratio of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride is 3:3:0.8;
(4) by flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after (3) obtained activation in hydrochloric acid (hydrogen ion concentration 6mol/
L 100 DEG C of acidleach 3h, separation of solid and liquid in), obtain ferro-aluminum chloride solution;Wherein, flyash/pyrite cinder after activation mixes
The solid-to-liquid ratio of compound and hydrochloric acid is 1:6;
(5) under stirring, in ferro-aluminum chloride solution made from step (4) add calcium aluminate is to reaction system pH
3.5,80 DEG C are continued stirring reaction 2.5h, 37 DEG C of curing 36h, obtain PAFC.
Effect example
(1)Al2O3The analysis of leaching rate
Using aluminum ions content in EDTA method volumetric soiutions, in pH=4.5~5.0, EDTA is complexed with aluminium ion,
PAN is indicator, with aluminum ions content in the method analytical solution of copper sulphate standard titration solution residual titration excess EDTA solution;
According to Al in the content of aluminium ion in solution and powdered coal ash2O3Cubage its leaching rate.
(2) flocculating effect is analyzed
Test water sample:Guangzhou somewhere sanitary sewage, water quality:Turbidity is 95.7NTU, and COD contents are 427.0mg/L, and pH is
8.50);
Experimental method:1000mL sanitary sewages are taken, flocculant made from addition embodiment 1~3 and comparative example 3 gathers
Aluminium chloride ferrum (dosage 1mL/L), quick (300r/min) stirring 1min are closed, middling speed (160r/min) stirs 3min, at a slow speed
(40r/min) stirs 5min, and supernatant is taken after standing sedimentation 20min, determines turbidity using ultraviolet specrophotometer, utilizes COD
Analyzer determines COD contents.
Interpretation of result:
Embodiment 1~3 and the main chemical compositions of the flyash in comparative example 1~3 are as shown in table 1.
Flyash main chemical compositions in the embodiment 1~3 of table 1
Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | TiO2 | K2O | MgO | Na2O | P2O5 |
Content (wt%) | 51.23 | 33.64 | 5.04 | 3.89 | 1.53 | 0.83 | 1.31 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
By flyash without being only 2.69% (contrast implementation without any processing, direct acidleach, its leaching rate of alumina
Example 1, table 2), so purpose product can not be obtained by the way of direct acidleach.Thus illustrate that flyash activity is poor, to adopt
Al sources are extracted with the mode of acidleach, flyash need to also be activated by external means.Although employed in comparative example 2
Calcining and activating flyash, but activation effect is equally undesirable.And after the present invention is using flyash is ultrasonically treated, calcining and activating,
And it is aided with compound sodium auxiliary agent and can makes SiO in flyash2、Al2O3Dramatically increased Deng species activity, promote the fracture of Si-Al keys, add
Fast Al2O3Leaching velocity, leaching rate of alumina reaches more than 95%.
The flyash activating rear oxidation aluminium leaching rate interpretation of result of 2 embodiment of table 1~3
Embodiment | Leaching rate of alumina (%) |
Embodiment 1 | 96.23 |
Embodiment 2 | 95.41 |
Embodiment 3 | 95.96 |
Comparative example 1 | 2.69 |
Comparative example 2 | 10.48 |
Comparative example 3 | 93.75 |
Table 3 and table 4 are PAFC made from embodiment 1~3 to sanitary sewage turbidity and COD removal effect knot
Fruit, compared with comparative example 3, flocculant poly aluminium chloride ferrum made from embodiment 1~3 have more preferable turbidity removal rate and
COD clearances, illustrate the addition of phosphate radical, change the structure and fractions distribution of polymer to a certain extent, make in its electricity
Beat that the ability of catching etc. is stronger, and obtained flocculant poly aluminium chloride ferrum flocculating effect is more preferable with ability, volume.
Removal effect of the PAFC to sanitary sewage turbidity made from the embodiment 1~3 of table 3
Embodiment | Turbidity removal rate |
Embodiment 1 | 99.0% |
Embodiment 2 | 98.4% |
Embodiment 3 | 98.9% |
Comparative example 3 | 93.3% |
Removal effect of the PAFC to sanitary sewage COD made from the embodiment 1~3 of table 4
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of PAFC, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) flyash and pyrite cinder are mixed, grinding, sieving, obtains flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(2) coal ash/pyrite cinder mixture made from step (1) is mixed with water, 50~80 DEG C of 3~10min of supersound process,
Separation of solid and liquid, dry, obtain modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture;
(3) flyash modified made from step (2)/pyrite cinder mixture is mixed with composite assistant, high-temperature calcination
Activation, crush, sieving, flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after being activated;
(4) flyash/pyrite cinder mixture after (3) obtained activation is subjected to acidleach, separation of solid and liquid, obtains ferro-aluminum chlorine
Compound solution;
(5) under stirring, in ferro-aluminum chloride solution made from step (4) add calcium aluminate to reaction system pH be 3~
4,60~90 DEG C of continuation 2~3h of stirring reaction, curing, obtain PAFC.
2. the preparation method of PAFC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The mass ratio of flyash and pyrite cinder described in step (1) is (3~8):1.
3. the preparation method of PAFC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The mass ratio of modified flyash/pyrite cinder mixture and composite assistant described in step (3) is 1:(1~
1.5)。
4. the preparation method of PAFC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Composite assistant described in step (3) is the mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride;
The mass ratio of described sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride is 3:3:(0.5~1).
5. the preparation method of PAFC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The condition of calcining and activating described in step (3) is 800~850 DEG C of 0.5~1h of calcining and activating, then 1000~1200 DEG C are forged
Burn 0.5~1.5h of activation.
6. the preparation method of PAFC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The reagent of acidleach described in step (4) is the mixed acid that hydrogen ion concentration is 4~10mol/L;
Described mixed acid is the mixture of hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid;
Described hydrochloric acid and the mass ratio of phosphoric acid are (3~5):1.
7. the preparation method of PAFC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The solid-to-liquid ratio of the reagent of the flyash after activation/pyrite cinder mixture and acidleach described in step (4) is 1:(3
~8).
8. the preparation method of PAFC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The temperature of acidleach described in step (4) is 90~110 DEG C;The time of acidleach is 2~4h.
9. a kind of PAFC, it is characterised in that be prepared into by being strongly required the preparation method described in 1~8 any one
Arrive.
10. application of the PAFC described in claim 9 in field of waste water treatment.
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