CN107570726B - Special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic machining of engine valve and method thereof - Google Patents
Special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic machining of engine valve and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 187
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000020347 spindle assembly Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic machining of an engine valve and a machining method thereof. The protective shell assembly protects all parts, the lathe bed base assembly supports all parts, the saddle assembly achieves three-degree-of-freedom motion of the tool apron, the material distribution and discharging assembly achieves valve workpiece sorting and single discharging, the material feeding and discharging assembly clamps the valve workpiece and collects finished products in a blanking mode, the main shaft assembly drives the workpiece to rotate, the material clamping and pushing assembly clamps the workpiece and pushes out the finished products, the pneumatic system assembly provides aerodynamic force, the lubricating system assembly lubricates all relatively moving parts, and the tool apron assembly achieves clamping of tools. All the assemblies are matched in a coordinated manner, so that full-automatic and efficient production of the engine valve is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special numerical control lathe, in particular to a special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic machining of an engine valve and a method thereof.
Background
The engine valve is a very important part in the engine, the shape accuracy of the engine has a great influence on the performance of the engine, and the output requirement on the engine valve is continuously improved along with the development of power machinery. In the existing valve forming process, a plurality of working procedures such as machine tool matching machining, chamfering, rough turning, semi-rough turning, finish turning, grinding and the like are generally needed, and each working procedure has very complicated operations such as feeding, distributing, feeding, dismounting a fixture and the like, so that workers work very dry. Even on a numerical control lathe, the problems of frequent feeding and discharging, difficult chip removal, vibration of the lathe, unsatisfactory processing effect and the like can be met due to the characteristics of small valve processing surface, small volume and large number.
Patent CN105798623a discloses an engine valve automatic processing all-in-one, through setting up feeding clamping mechanism, upset clamping mechanism, abrasive wheel cutting mechanism, grinding machanism, chamfering mechanism realize the operation to working procedures such as valve earlier stage feeding, cutting off, polishing, chamfer, but each mechanism lacks control system, only simple stack of mechanical structure, adopts traditional area conveying to carry out the work piece handing-over in the centre, does not realize high integration. The transmission system is single, mechanical faults are easy to occur, good lubrication of all mechanisms is not considered, and the valve shape characteristics are not fully utilized to design the conveying and feeding mechanism, so that the design requirement of a special machine is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic machining of an engine valve and a machining method thereof. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic processing of an engine valve comprises a protective shell assembly, a lathe bed base assembly, a saddle assembly, a material distributing and discharging assembly, a material feeding and discharging assembly, a main shaft assembly, a material clamping and pushing assembly, a pneumatic system assembly, a lubricating system assembly and a tool apron assembly; the lower part of the lathe bed base assembly is fixedly connected with the ground, the upper part of the lathe bed base assembly is slidably connected with the saddle assembly through a slide block guide rail, the protective shell assembly is supported by the lathe bed base assembly and is arranged outside the lathe bed, the upper part of the saddle assembly is detachably connected with the tool apron assembly, the lower part of the tool apron assembly is connected with the main shaft assembly and the clamping and pushing assembly through a connecting piece, the upper part of the main shaft assembly is provided with the feeding and blanking assembly through a connecting piece, the clamping and pushing assembly which is arranged at the right lower part of the feeding and blanking assembly and matched with the feeding and blanking assembly is arranged in a straight line relative to the main shaft assembly, the pneumatic system assembly is arranged at the left side of the lathe bed, the lubricating system assembly is arranged at the right side of the lathe bed,
The lathe bed base assembly comprises a spindle motor output mechanism, a Z-axis moving mechanism and an adjustable lathe bed mechanism; the Z-axis moving mechanism comprises a screw driving motor, a coupler, a motor seat, an angular contact bearing, an oil sealing piece, a first travel switch, a screw guide rail, a bearing seat, a pressing plate, a pressing cover and a screw; the adjustable lathe bed mechanism comprises a lathe bed, a connecting bracket, a sizing block and a first adjusting rod; the spindle motor output mechanism is detachably connected with the Z-axis moving mechanism and the adjustable lathe bed mechanism, the adjustable lathe bed mechanism is fixed on the ground through four sizing blocks, the first adjusting rod is connected with the sizing blocks and the lathe bed, the connecting support is connected with the lathe bed through bolts, the screw driving motor is connected with the lathe bed through a motor seat and bolts, the motor shaft is connected with a screw through a coupler, the pressing plate and the pressing cover are detachably connected with a bearing seat through bolts and nuts, two ends of the screw are supported by the bearing seat, the bearing seat is provided with an angular contact bearing and an oil seal piece, the screw guide is fixed on the lathe bed through bolts, and the middle part of the screw guide is provided with a first travel switch; the lathe bed is inclined at 45 degrees with the horizontal plane;
the feeding and blanking assembly comprises an uplink receiving mechanism, a left-row ejecting mechanism, a blanking mechanism, a connecting and auxiliary mechanism; the uplink receiving mechanism comprises an air cylinder frame, a first frame hinge assembly, a first air cylinder body, an air cylinder piston, a piston hinge assembly, a hydraulic buffer support, a hydraulic buffer, an uplink rotating shaft and an air cylinder support; the left ejection mechanism comprises a control unit, an ejection unit and a material supporting plate release unit; the control unit comprises a second travel switch, a second detection seat, a limiting block and a travel rod; the ejection unit comprises an ejection cylinder body, an ejection cylinder piston, a connecting push plate, a main shaft, a bearing assembly, a connecting shaft assembly, an ejector rod, an ejector shaft and an ejector sleeve; the material supporting plate release unit comprises a bracket hinge assembly, a release cylinder piston, a second frame hinge assembly, a release rotating shaft, a material supporting plate and a first adjusting plate; the blanking mechanism comprises a receiving hopper, a conversion baffle, a conversion shaft, a lower blanking channel, a material blocking door, a material blocking plate, a double slideway, a first proximity switch and a sliding stopping block; the connecting and auxiliary mechanism comprises a base, a bottom plate, a water receiving box, an adjusting screw assembly, a bottom frame, a main shaft supporting seat, a shaft cover plate, a first support and a detection support;
The base is fixedly connected with the lathe bed, the bottom plate is fixedly connected with the base, the bottom plate is detachably connected with the bottom plate, the adjusting screw rod component is connected with the bottom plate through a bolt, the bottom plate is connected with the ascending rotating shaft through a bearing, the ascending rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the first support, the bottom plate is connected with the cylinder frame through the first frame hinge component and the first cylinder body through the bolt, the first cylinder body and the cylinder piston are slidably connected, the cylinder piston is movably connected with the cylinder support through the piston hinge component, the bottom plate is fixedly connected with the hydraulic buffer support, the hydraulic buffer is fixedly connected with the hydraulic buffer support, the spindle support is connected with the first support through a bolt, the spindle cover plate is connected with the spindle support through a bolt, the spindle cover plate is also connected with the ejection cylinder body through a bolt, the ejection cylinder piston, the spindle and the travel rod are connected in parallel through connecting push plates on the left side and the right side, the travel rod is connected with a limiting block, the upper part of the travel rod is fixedly connected with a second detection seat and a detection bracket, the second detection seat is connected with three second travel switches, a main shaft is sleeved with a bearing assembly and is connected with a push rod and a push shaft through a connecting shaft assembly, the tail end of the push shaft is connected with a push sleeve, the detection bracket is connected with a release cylinder through a bracket hinge assembly, the cylinder is slidably connected with a release cylinder piston, the release cylinder piston is rotatably connected with a material supporting plate through a second frame hinge assembly, the material supporting plate is rotatably connected with a material supporting plate through a release rotating shaft, a first adjusting plate is movably connected with the material supporting plate, the tail end of the first adjusting plate is fixedly connected with a V-shaped connecting block, a water receiving box is fixedly connected with a base, a material receiving hopper, a lower blanking channel is fixedly connected with the base, a conversion baffle is fixedly connected with the material receiving hopper through a conversion shaft, a material blocking door is fixedly connected with the lower blanking channel, and a first proximity switch is arranged on the material blocking door, the stop plate and the tail end of the lower blanking channel form a gap outlet, the double slide ways are fixedly connected with the lower blanking channel, and the tail end of the double slide ways is fixedly connected with a stop block.
Preferably, the material distributing and discharging assembly comprises a conveying track mechanism, a material distributing mechanism, a material discharging mechanism, a position connecting and adjusting mechanism, a track adjusting mechanism and a detecting mechanism;
the conveying track mechanism comprises a double side plate, a double side plate track, an upper inclined double track, an upper arc double track, an upper vertical double track, a track pressing shaft, an adjusting bar, a tightening handle and a gasket; the material distributing mechanism comprises a material distributing disc, a first bracket, a hinge point, a self-lubricating ball rod bearing assembly, a material distributing piston rod and a material distributing cylinder block; the discharging mechanism comprises a discharging frame, a discharging claw pin shaft, a discharging claw, a discharging hinge point, a discharging piston rod, a discharging cylinder body, a bracket hinge point and a second bracket; the position connecting and adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting unit, a base, a second support, a second adjusting plate, a double slide bar, a bar base and an adjusting screw; the adjusting unit comprises a second adjusting rod, an adjusting seat and an adjusting block; the track adjusting mechanism comprises a tightly fixable handle, a clamping nut, a plate shaft, a spring, a movable adjusting plate, a fixed adjusting plate and a shaft sleeve; the detection mechanism comprises a detection rod, a detection rod seat, an adjusting nut, an induction piece, a second proximity switch, a first detection seat and a main support;
The material distributing and discharging assembly is connected with the base through a base and a lathe bed bolt, two adjusting units are fixedly connected with the base, a second adjusting rod is connected with an adjusting seat in a telescopic mode, an adjusting block is fixedly connected with a second adjusting plate, a double sliding rod is mounted on the second adjusting plate, two rod seats are connected on the double sliding rod in a sliding mode, an adjusting screw is connected with a rod seat center thread pair, a double side plate is fixedly connected with the double rod seat, a double side plate upper portion is closely arranged with a double side plate track, an upper portion inclined double track, an upper portion arc-shaped double track and an upper portion vertical double track are arranged in parallel with the double side plate track, a track pressing shaft is fixedly connected with the double side plate seat through an adjusting rod, a fixed handle, a gasket and the double side plate, a movable adjusting plate, a fixed adjusting plate is fixedly connected with a side plate, a shaft sleeve is detachably connected with the fixed adjusting plate, a spring is sleeved on the plate shaft sleeve, the fixed handle is connected with the fixed adjusting plate through a clamping nut, the first bracket is connected with the side plate bolt, the double side plate seat is connected with the double side plate seat through a hinge point and a material distributing cylinder block, the material distributing and the double side plate is connected with the double side plate track, the double side plate track is arranged in a parallel to the double side plate track, an upper portion inclined double track, the upper portion inclined double track is connected with the double side track, the upper portion is connected with the upper portion vertical double track, the upper portion vertical double track is connected with the upper portion through a pin roll-seat, the double side plate seat is connected with the air cylinder block through a rotary pin, the same pin roll, the material detecting device is connected with the material cylinder body through a first pin and the first pin through the detection pin, the first pin and the first pin roll.
Preferably, the main shaft assembly comprises a supporting mechanism, a control mechanism and a main shaft assembly mechanism,
the supporting mechanism comprises a main shaft box body, a belt wheel end cover, a front end cover, a rear end cover, an encoder support and a long shaft sleeve,
the control mechanism comprises an encoder, an encoder synchronous pulley, an encoder seat, an encoder shaft and an encoder synchronous belt, the main shaft component mechanism comprises a first main shaft, a main shaft pulley, a gasket, a synchronous belt pulley and a bearing,
the main shaft box body is connected with the lathe bed base assembly through bolts, a main shaft motor conveying belt on the lathe bed base assembly is matched with a main shaft belt pulley, a belt pulley end cover is used for positioning and clamping the main shaft belt pulley, a synchronous belt pulley is positioned through a gasket and a rear end cover, a synchronous belt is matched on the synchronous belt pulley, the other end of the synchronous belt is matched with an encoder synchronous belt pulley, an encoder support fixed on the main shaft box body is connected with an encoder, a long shaft sleeve is arranged on a first main shaft to position each part, the shaft body is connected with the box body through a three-diagonal contact bearing, and a front end cover is connected with a clamping and pushing assembly through bolts.
Preferably, the clamping and pushing assembly comprises a fixed supporting mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a pushing mechanism; the fixed supporting mechanism comprises a rotation stopping frame, a rotation stopping plate, a connecting sleeve, a bearing sleeve, a nut, an end cover and a taper sleeve seat; the clamping mechanism comprises an outer pull rod, an inner pull rod, a rotary cylinder, a clamping mechanism ejector rod, a piston flange and a pull rod head; the pushing mechanism comprises an elastic chuck, a supporting sleeve and an adjusting nut;
The anti-rotation machine frame is fixedly connected with the machine body, one end of the anti-rotation plate is fixedly connected with the anti-rotation machine frame, the other end of the anti-rotation plate is fixedly connected with the rotary cylinder, the end cover is connected with the rotary cylinder through a taper sleeve seat bolt, an outer pull rod is connected with an inner pull rod in a sleeved mode, the inner pull rod is connected with a piston, the piston is fixedly connected with a piston rod, the piston rod is connected with a pull rod head through a piston flange, a pull rod head is sleeved with an elastic chuck, the tail of the pull rod is connected with a main shaft assembly through a connecting sleeve piece and a bearing sleeve piece, the main shaft assembly is fixedly clamped through a nut, and a supporting sleeve is sleeved between the elastic chuck and the taper sleeve seat.
Preferably, the positions of the second adjusting plates on the plane x axis and the plane y axis can be adjusted by adjusting the lengths of the two second adjusting rods, the positions of the double side plates on the z axis can be changed by rotating the adjusting screws, and three paths of an inclined track, an arc transition track and a vertical track which form 30 degrees with the horizontal plane are sequentially and parallelly arranged on the double side plates of the material distributing and discharging assembly 4 along the tracks of the side plates, and the three paths are spliced into a stable discharging track.
Preferably, the notch of the material distributing disc clamped in the double tracks is matched with the shape of the valve, the falling valve component is blocked in an initial state, the self-lubricating ball rod bearing assembly can drive the material distributing disc to swing downwards for an angle, the material discharging claw initially seals the double tracks through the material discharging claw disc, and the material discharging claw can rotate around the pin shaft for an angle.
Preferably, the first support can rotate anticlockwise around the ascending rotation shaft, the limiting angle of rotation is 30 degrees, and when the limiting position is reached, the material supporting plate is parallel to a wedge-shaped discharge hole at the lower end of the discharging mechanism, and the shape of the V-shaped receiving block and the valve on the first adjusting plate are the same.
Preferably, the main shaft, the driving ejector rod and the ejector shaft are arranged in a straight line, the shape of the ejector sleeve is matched with the end part of the valve workpiece, the first adjusting plate and the V-shaped connecting block can rotate clockwise around the release rotating shaft, and the limiting angle of rotation is 15 degrees.
Preferably, the cartridge clip head and the valve workpiece shaft part are matched and clamped, the piston rod, the pull rod head and the valve workpiece are arranged in a straight line, and the pull rod head is relatively fixed in each ejection speed.
The working method of the special numerical control lathe for continuously and fully automatically machining the engine valve comprises the following machining steps:
1) The valve workpiece falls through three sections of splicing paths of a 30-degree inclined track, an arc track and a vertical track, in the falling process, when one feeding beat is finished, the feeding cylinder block drives the feeding piston rod to move, the self-lubricating ball rod bearing assembly drives the feeding disc to swing downwards by an angle, a single valve clamped at the notch passes through, the arc surface of the feeding disc continuously blocks the valve component group at the upper part, then the cylinder piston drives the feeding disc to recover, one-time feeding is finished, the double tracks are sealed by the feeding claw disc at first, a single valve falling from the feeding mechanism stays on the feeding claw, when a feeding signal is transmitted, the feeding cylinder block drives the feeding piston rod to pull the feeding claw, the feeding claw rotates by an angle around a pin shaft, the track space is released, the valve passes through, and the detection rod contacts the valve to obtain the quantity, time and speed of the valve;
2) The first cylinder body pushes the piston rod to move upwards, the piston rod drives the bracket through the piston hinge assembly, the bracket finally drives the whole first support to rotate anticlockwise by 30 degrees around the ascending rotation shaft through the connecting part, the material supporting plate is parallel to a wedge-shaped discharge hole at the lower end of the material discharging mechanism, and the V-shaped receiving block on the first adjusting plate is matched with the valve in shape to realize non-angle material receiving;
3) After receiving, the ejection cylinder drives the ejection piston rod to eject and return the main shaft through a connecting push plate with the tail end connected, so that the ejection sleeve with the tail end connected with the ejection shaft performs ejection and feeding operation on the valve workpiece placed on the first adjusting plate;
4) When the valve is to be jacked into the clamp assembly, the release cylinder body drives the piston rod to push the material supporting plate to rotate clockwise for 15 degrees around the release rotating shaft through the second frame hinge assembly, so that the valve is clamped without interference;
5) During processing, the bullet chuck clamps the valve workpiece, and the first main shaft precisely outputs the rotating speed and the moment under the control of the encoder;
6) After the machining is finished, the rotary cylinder is started to drive the piston, and the valve is ejected out of the cartridge clip through the linear pushing-out motion of the pull rod head;
7) The valve is ejected to the receiving hopper, the switching baffle is rotated to be opened, when the valve reaches the material blocking door through the lower blanking channel, the first proximity switch counts, the valve adjusts the space position through a gap reserved by the material blocking door and is matched with the subsequent double slide ways to fall, and finally, the valve reaches the sliding stop block along the double slide ways to stop;
8) The pneumatic system assembly controls the starting time, moment and speed of the pneumatic elements in each assembly;
9) The lubrication system assembly lubricates parts which move relatively;
10 The T-shaped nut and the positioning key realize the positioning and clamping of the square cutter seat on the cutter seat sliding block of the saddle assembly.
According to the invention, the lathe bed and the processing platform are designed to be inclined at 45 degrees, so that the cutting force is consistent with the gravity direction of a workpiece, the cutting vibration is reduced, chip removal is facilitated through the action of gravity, a screw clearance is eliminated, and the structure convenience is provided for automatic design; the reasonable arrangement of the positions of the spindle motor avoids the adverse effect of vibration and heat on workpiece processing during the operation of the motor; the three paths of the 30-degree inclined track, the arc track and the vertical track are spliced, so that the falling motion track and the motion speed of the valve are easy to control, the material distributing mechanism can separate single valve workpieces according to the production beats, and the material discharging mechanism can accurately discharge materials; the feeding and blanking assembly rotates anticlockwise for 30 degrees around the rotation shaft through the support, the cylinder block ejects the ejector rod, the adjusting plate rotates clockwise for 15 degrees around the release rotation shaft, and the like, so that automatic material receiving and feeding of the valve workpiece are realized; after the machining is finished, the main shaft rotary cylinder automatically ejects the finished product through the ejector rod; the blanking mechanism realizes quick blanking through rail matching and baffle control; the control system composed of a travel switch, a proximity switch, an encoder, a detector, a servo motor and the like is arranged in the numerical control machine tool system, the information acquisition is accurate, the feedback is rapid, and the accurate control and the total use are achieved. Therefore, the full-automatic production with high efficiency, high quality and high reliability of the valve is finally realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a numerical control lathe special for continuous full-automatic machining of an engine valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of the engine valve continuous full-automatic machining special numerical control lathe of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the engine valve continuous full automatic machining dedicated numerical control lathe of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bed base assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the components of the bed base assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dispensing and discharging assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a side view of a dispensing and discharging assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a track shaft mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an automated dispensing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an automatic discharging mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a track clamping mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a valve inspection mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the connection mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a loading and blanking assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a rotary feed mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a front view of the loading and blanking assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a push rod mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the various connecting mechanisms of the feed and blanking assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the pneumatic mechanism of the loading and blanking assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a blanking mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of a spindle assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a spindle assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a nip and ejector assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a clamping mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a liftout mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a schematic view of a piston mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a schematic view of a binder and ejector assembly attachment mechanism according to the present invention;
in the figure, a protective shell assembly 1, a lathe bed base assembly 2, a saddle assembly 3, a material distributing assembly 4,
The feeding and blanking assembly 5, the main shaft assembly 6, the clamping and pushing assembly 7, the pneumatic system assembly 8, the lubrication system assembly 9, the tool apron assembly 10, the main shaft motor output mechanism 21, the Z-axis moving mechanism 22, the adjustable lathe bed mechanism 23, the screw driving motor 221, the coupler 222, the motor seat 223, the angular contact bearing and oil sealing member 224, the first travel switch 225, the screw guide 226, the bearing seat 227, the pressing plate and gland 228, the screw 229, the lathe bed 231, the connecting bracket 232, the sizing block 233, the first adjusting rod 234, the conveying track mechanism 41, the distributing mechanism 42, the discharging mechanism 43, the position connecting and adjusting mechanism 44, the track adjusting mechanism 45, the detecting mechanism 46, the double-side plate 411, the double-side plate track 412, the upper inclined double-track 413, the upper arc double-shaped double-track 414, the upper vertical double-track 415, the track pressing shaft 416, the adjusting bar 417, the fastening handle 418, the gasket 419, the distributing disc 421 first bracket 422, hinge point 423, self-lubricating ball-nose rod bearing assembly 424, dispensing piston rod 425, dispensing cylinder 426, discharge rack 431, discharge pawl pin 432, discharge pawl 433, discharge hinge point 434, discharge piston rod 435, discharge cylinder 436, bracket hinge point 437, second bracket 438, adjustment unit 441, base 442, second bracket 443, second adjustment plate 444, double slide rod 445, rod seat 446, adjustment screw 447, second adjustment rod 4411, adjustment seat 4412, adjustment block 4413, lockable handle 451, clamp nut 452, plate shaft 453, spring 454, movable adjustment plate 455, fixed adjustment plate 456, sleeve 457, detection rod 461, measurement rod seat 462, adjustment nut 463, sensing piece 464, second proximity switch 465, first detection seat 466, total bracket 467, uplink receiving mechanism 51, left-hand ejection mechanism 52, blanking mechanism 53, connecting and auxiliary mechanism 54, and auxiliary mechanism 54, cylinder frame 511, first frame hinge assembly 512, first cylinder block 513, cylinder piston 514, piston hinge assembly 515, hydraulic buffer mount 516, hydraulic buffer 517, up-going rotation shaft 518, bracket 519, control unit 521, ejector unit 522, tray release unit 523, second travel switch 5211, second detection seat 5212, stopper 5213, travel bar 5214, ejector cylinder block 5221, ejector cylinder piston 5222, connection push plate 5223, spindle 5224, bearing assembly 5225, connection shaft assembly 5226, ejector rod 5227, ejector shaft 5228, top sleeve 5229, bracket hinge assembly 5231, release cylinder 5232, release cylinder piston 5233, second frame hinge assembly 5234, release rotation shaft 5235, tray 5236, first adjustment plate 5237, receiving hopper 531, conversion flapper 532, conversion shaft 533, lower blanking channel 534, stopper 535, striker 536, dual slide 537, first proximity switch 538, switch 538 the anti-slip block 539, the base 541, the bottom plate 542, the water receiving case 543, the adjusting screw assembly 544, the bottom frame 545, the main shaft support 546, the shaft cover 547, the first support 548, the detection support 549, the support mechanism 61, the control mechanism 62, the main shaft assembly mechanism 63, the main shaft box 611, the pulley end cover 612, the front end cover 613, the rear end cover 614, the encoder support 615, the long shaft sleeve 616, the encoder 621, the encoder synchronous pulley 622, the encoder seat 623, the encoder shaft 624, the encoder synchronous belt 625, the first main shaft 631, the main shaft pulley 632, the gasket 633, the synchronous belt pulley 634, the bearing 635, the fixed support mechanism 71, the clamping mechanism 72, the pushing mechanism 73, the anti-rotation frame 711, the anti-rotation plate 712, the connection sleeve 713, the bearing sleeve 714, the nut 715, the end cover 716, the taper sleeve seat 717, the outer pull rod 721, the inner pull rod, the revolving cylinder 723, the clamping mechanism push rod 724, the piston rod 725, the piston 726, A piston flange 727, a pull rod head 728, a cartridge head 731, a support sleeve 733, and an adjustment nut 732.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic machining of the engine valve comprises a protection assembly 1, a lathe bed base assembly 2, a saddle assembly 3, a material distributing and discharging assembly 4, a material feeding and discharging assembly 5, a main shaft assembly 6, a material clamping and pushing assembly 7, a pneumatic system assembly 8, a lubricating system assembly 9 and a tool apron assembly 10.
The lower part of the lathe bed base assembly 2 is fixedly connected with the ground, the upper part of the lathe bed base assembly 2 is movably supported and connected with the saddle assembly 3, the protective shell assembly 1 is supported by the lathe bed base assembly 2 and is arranged outside a lathe body, the upper part of the saddle assembly 3 is detachably connected with the tool apron assembly 10, the lower part of the tool apron assembly 10 corresponds to the main shaft assembly 6 and the clamping and pushing assembly 7, the main shaft assembly 6 and the clamping and pushing assembly 7 are detachably connected through a connecting piece, the upper part of the main shaft assembly 6 is provided with the feeding and blanking assembly 5 which are matched with the feeding and blanking assembly 5, the clamping and pushing assembly 7 at the right lower part of the feeding and pushing assembly is linearly arranged relative to the main shaft assembly 6, the pneumatic system assembly 8 is arranged at the left side of the lathe body, and the lubricating system assembly 9 is arranged at the right side of the lathe body.
The protective shell assembly 1 plays a role in protecting all assemblies, the lathe bed base assembly 2 plays a role in supporting all assemblies, the saddle assembly 3 is responsible for three-degree-of-freedom motion of the tool apron, the workpiece sorting and discharging assembly 4 sorts and singly discharges workpieces, the feeding and discharging assembly 5 clamps the workpieces and discharges and collects finished products, the main shaft assembly 6 realizes workpiece processing rotation motion, and the clamping and pushing assembly 7 clamps the workpieces and pushes out the finished products. The pneumatic system assembly 8 provides aerodynamic force, the lubrication system assembly 9 lubricates each moving part, and the tool apron assembly 10 clamps the tool.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the bed base assembly 2 includes a spindle motor output mechanism 21, a Z-axis moving mechanism 22, and an adjustable bed mechanism 23, wherein the Z-axis moving mechanism 22 includes a screw driving motor 221, a coupling 222, a motor base 223, a bearing and oil seal 224, a travel switch 225, a screw guide 226, a bearing block 227, a pressing plate and pressing cover 228, and a screw rod 229, and the adjustable bed mechanism 23 includes a bed 231, a connecting bracket 232, a sizing block 233, and an adjusting lever 234.
The spindle motor output mechanism 21 is detachably connected with the Z-axis moving mechanism 22 and the adjustable lathe bed mechanism 23, the adjustable lathe bed mechanism is fixed on the ground through four sizing blocks 233, a first adjusting rod 234 is connected with the sizing blocks 233 and the lathe bed 231, a connecting support 232 is connected with the lathe bed 231 through bolts, a screw driving motor 221 is connected with the lathe bed through a motor seat 223 and bolts, a motor shaft is connected with a screw 229 through a coupler 222, a pressing plate and a pressing cover 228 are detachably connected with a bearing seat 227 through bolts and nuts, two ends of the screw are supported by the bearing seat 227, the bearing seat 227 is provided with an angular contact bearing and an oil seal 224, a screw guide 226 is fixed on the lathe bed 231 through bolts, and the middle part of the screw guide is provided with a first travel switch 225; the bed 231 is inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal;
During operation, through adjusting the height of the adjusting rod 234, the angle of the machine tool can be adjusted, and the lathe bed 231 is designed to incline at 45 degrees, so that the cutting force is consistent with the gravity direction of the workpiece, the cutting vibration is reduced, the chip removal is facilitated through the gravity effect, the screw clearance is eliminated, and the structure convenience is provided for the automatic design. The spindle motor is arranged at the lower part of the machine tool, so that adverse effects on workpiece machining caused by vibration and heat generated during motor working are avoided, the travel switch 224 provides information reference for the movement of the saddle 3, and accurate control over the movement of the tool apron is facilitated. The screw driving motor 221 belongs to a precise servo control motor, and drives the saddle assembly 3 to realize precise displacement of the Z axis under the guidance of screw guide rails 226 at two sides.
As shown in fig. 6, the material distributing and discharging assembly 4 includes a conveying track mechanism 41, a material distributing mechanism 42, a discharging mechanism 43, a position connecting and adjusting mechanism 44, a track adjusting mechanism 45 and a detecting mechanism 46, and as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the conveying track mechanism 41 includes a double-sided board 411, a double-sided board track 412, an upper inclined double track 413, an upper arc double track 414, an upper vertical double track 415, a track pressing shaft 416, an adjusting bar 417, a tightening handle 418 and a gasket 419; as shown in fig. 9, the distributing mechanism 42 includes a distributing disc 421, a first support 422, a hinge point 423, a self-lubricating ball rod bearing assembly 424, a distributing piston rod 425, and a distributing cylinder block 426; as shown in fig. 10, the discharging mechanism 43 includes a discharging frame 431, a discharging claw pin shaft 432, a discharging claw 433, a discharging hinge point 434, a discharging piston rod 435, a discharging cylinder block 436, a bracket hinge point 437, and a second bracket 438; as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the position connecting and adjusting mechanism 44 includes an adjusting unit 441, a base 442, a second bracket 443, a second adjusting plate 444, a double slide bar 445, a bar base 446, and an adjusting screw 447; the adjusting unit 441 includes a second adjusting rod 4411, an adjusting seat 4412, and an adjusting block 4413; as shown in fig. 11, the rail adjusting mechanism 45 includes a lockable handle 451, a clamp nut 452, a plate shaft 453, a spring 454, a movable adjusting plate 455, a fixed adjusting plate 456, and a shaft sleeve 457; the detection mechanism 46 includes a detection lever 461, a lever seat 462, an adjustment nut 463, a sensing piece 464, a second proximity switch 465, a first detection seat 466, a main bracket 467;
The material distributing and discharging assembly 4 is connected with the lathe bed through a base 442 and a lathe bed bolt, two adjusting units 441 are fixedly connected with the base 442, a second adjusting rod 4411 is connected with an adjusting seat 4412 in a telescopic way, an adjusting block 4413 is fixedly connected with a second adjusting plate 444, a double sliding rod 445 is arranged on the second adjusting plate 444, two rod seats 446 are connected on the double sliding rod 445 in a sliding way, an adjusting screw 447 is connected with a center thread pair of the rod seats 446, the double side plates 411 are fixedly connected with the double rod seats 446, a double side plate rail 412 is closely arranged at the upper part of the double side plates 411, an upper inclined double rail 413, an upper arc-shaped double rail 414 and an upper vertical double rail 415 are arranged in parallel with the double side plate rail 412, a rail pressing shaft 416 is fixedly connected with the double side plates 411 through an adjusting strip 417, a fastening handle 418, a gasket 419, a fixed adjusting plate 457, a fixed adjusting plate 455 and a side plate, a shaft sleeve 457 and a movable adjusting plate are detachably connected, a plate shaft sleeve 453 is matched with the shaft sleeve 453, the spring 454 is sleeved on the movable fixing handle 451, the movable fixing handle 451 is connected with the movable fixing adjusting plate through the clamping nut 452, the first support 422 is connected with the side plate through a bolt, and is connected with the distributing cylinder block 426 through the hinge point 423, the distributing cylinder block 426 is connected with the distributing piston rod 425 in a sliding way, the distributing piston rod 425 is connected with the distributing disc 421 through the self-lubricating ball rod bearing component 424, the connecting mode of the distributing piston rod 435, the distributing cylinder block 436, the support hinge point 437 and the second support 438 is the same as that of the distributing mechanism, the distributing piston rod 435 is rotatably connected with the distributing claw 433 through the distributing hinge point 434, the distributing claw 433 is rotatably connected with the distributing frame 431 through the distributing claw pin shaft 432, the main support 467 is connected with the side plate through the bolt of the first detecting seat 466 and the main support 467, the second proximity switch 465 is arranged on the first detecting seat 466, the sensing piece 464, the detecting rod 461 are all connected with the detecting rod seat 462, an adjustment nut 463 and spindle base 462 are adjustably connected.
In operation, the position of the adjusting plate 444 on the plane x axis and the plane y axis can be adjusted by adjusting the lengths of the two adjusting rods 4411, the adjusting screw 447 is rotationally adjusted, the position of the double side plates 411 on the z axis can be changed, and the above operation can realize the adjustment of the discharge opening in space and match the accurate discharge position. Under the clamping adjustment of the track adjusting mechanism 45 and the pressure adjustment of the track pressing shaft 416, the upper track and the lower track can stably support the head of the air valve, so that the falling process of the air valve is more stable, and the movement track and the movement speed of the falling of the air valve are easy to control due to the fact that three paths of the 30-degree inclined track, the arc track and the vertical track are spliced. The notch of the distributing disc 421 in the double tracks is just matched with the shape of the valve, the falling valve assembly can be blocked in the initial stage, after one feeding beat is finished, the distributing cylinder block 426 drives the piston rod 425, the distributing disc 421 is driven to swing downwards by an angle through the self-lubricating ball rod bearing assembly 424, the single valve clamped at the notch passes through, the arc surface of the distributing disc 421 simultaneously continues to block the upper valve assembly, and after the action is finished, the cylinder piston drives the distributing disc 421 to recover, and one-time distributing is finished. The discharge claw 433 initially seals the double tracks through the discharge claw disc, a single air valve falling from the distributing mechanism stays on the discharge claw 433, when a discharge signal is transmitted, the discharge cylinder block 436 drives the piston rods 435 and 435 to pull the discharge claw 433, the discharge claw 433 rotates around the pin shaft 432 by an angle, the track space is released, and the air valve can pass through. The detecting lever 461 contacts the valve to obtain parameters such as the number of valve passes, time, speed and the like, and feeds back the parameters to the central controller to determine the working beats of each mechanism.
As shown in fig. 15, the feeding and blanking assembly 5 includes an uplink receiving mechanism 51, a left-row ejecting mechanism 52, a blanking mechanism 53, and a connecting and auxiliary mechanism 54; as shown in fig. 16, the up-feed receiving mechanism 51 includes a cylinder frame 511, a first frame hinge assembly 512, a first cylinder block 513, a cylinder piston 514, a piston hinge assembly 515, a hydraulic damper support 516, a hydraulic damper 517, an up-feed rotation shaft 518, and a cylinder bracket 519; as shown in fig. 16, 17, 18, 19, the left-row ejector mechanism 52 includes a control unit 521, an ejector unit 522, and a tray release unit 523; the control unit 521 includes a second travel switch 5211, a second detecting seat 5212, a limiting block 5213, and a travel rod 5214; the ejection unit 522 includes an ejection cylinder block 5221, an ejection cylinder piston 5222, a connection push plate 5223, a main shaft 5224, a bearing assembly 5225, a connection shaft assembly 5226, an ejector rod 5227, an ejector shaft 5228, and an ejector sleeve 5229; the tray release unit 523 includes a bracket hinge assembly 5231, a release cylinder 5232, a release cylinder piston 5233, a second frame hinge assembly 5234, a release rotation shaft 5235, a tray 5236, a first adjusting plate 5237; as shown in fig. 21, the blanking mechanism 53 includes a receiving hopper 531, a switching baffle 532, a switching shaft 533, a lower blanking channel 534, a blocking gate 535, a blocking plate 536, a double slideway 537, a first proximity switch 538, and a slip stopper 539; as shown in fig. 19 and 20, the connection and auxiliary mechanism 54 includes a base 541, a bottom plate 542, a water receiving box 543, an adjusting screw assembly 544, a bottom frame 545, a spindle support 546, a spindle cover 547, a first support 548, and a detection support 549;
Base 541 is fixedly connected with the lathe bed, base 542 is fixedly connected with base 541, base 545 is detachably connected with base 542, adjusting screw assembly 544 is fixedly connected with base 542 by bolts, base 545 is connected with ascending rotation shaft 518 by bearings, ascending rotation shaft 518 is rotatably connected with first support seat 548, base 542 is rotatably connected with cylinder frame 511 by bolts, cylinder frame 511 is rotatably connected with first cylinder block 513 by first frame hinge assembly 512, first cylinder block 513 is slidably connected with cylinder piston 514 by piston hinge assembly 515 and cylinder support 519, hydraulic buffer support seat 516 is fixedly connected with base 542, hydraulic buffer 517 is fixedly connected with hydraulic buffer support seat 516, spindle support seat 546 is bolted with first support seat 548, spindle cover 547 is bolted with spindle support seat 546, spindle 5224 is sleeved on spindle support seat 546, and ejector cylinder block 5221 is bolted on spindle cover 547, the push-out cylinder piston 5222, the main shaft 5224 and the travel rod 5214 are connected in parallel through a connecting push plate 5223 on the left side and the right side, a limiting block 5213 is connected to the travel rod 5214, the upper part of the travel rod is fixedly connected with a second detection seat 5212 and a detection support 549, three second travel switches 5211 are connected to the second detection seat 5212, the main shaft 5224 is sleeved with a bearing assembly 5225, the push rod 5227 and a top shaft 5228 are connected through a connecting shaft assembly 5226, the tail end of the top shaft 5228 is connected with a top sleeve 5229, the detection support 549 is connected with a release cylinder 5232 through a support hinge assembly 5231, the cylinder 5232 is in slidable connection with a release cylinder piston 5233, the release cylinder piston 5233 is in rotatable connection with a support plate 5236 through a second frame hinge assembly 5234, the support plate 5236 is in rotatable connection with the support plate 5235 through a release rotation shaft 5237, the tail end of the first adjustment plate 5237 is fixedly connected with a V-shaped connecting block, the water receiving box 543 is fixedly connected with the base 541, the material receiving hopper 531, the lower blanking channel 534 and the base 541 are fixedly connected, the conversion baffle 532 is fixedly connected with the material receiving hopper 531 through the conversion shaft 533, the material blocking door 535 is fixedly connected with the lower blanking channel 534, the material blocking door 535 is provided with a first proximity switch 538, the tail ends of the material blocking plate 536 and the lower blanking channel 534 form a gap outlet, the double slide 537 is fixedly connected with the lower blanking channel, and the tail ends of the double slide 537 are fixedly connected with the anti-slip blocks 539.
During operation, the adjusting screw assembly 544 can adjust the position of the assembly, so that the adjusting screw assembly is matched with the positions of the discharging mechanism and the blanking position, the first air cylinder 513 pushes the piston rod 514 to move upwards, the piston rod 514 drives the support 519 through the piston hinge assembly 515, the support 519 finally drives the whole first support 548 to rotate anticlockwise by 30 degrees around the rotating shaft 518 through the connecting component, the material supporting plate 5236 is parallel to the wedge-shaped discharging hole at the lower end of the discharging mechanism, no-angle material receiving is realized, the V-shaped receiving block on the adjusting plate 5237 is matched with the shape of the valve, and the initial position of the valve is convenient to fix. After the material receiving is finished, the ejection cylinder body 5221 drives the ejection piston rod 5222, the piston rod 5222 realizes ejection and recovery driving of the main shaft 5224 through a connecting push plate 5223 with the tail end connected, the main shaft 5224 drives the ejector rod 5227 and the ejector shaft 5228 through a connecting shaft assembly 5226, the ejector sleeve 5229 with the tail end connected with the ejector shaft 5228 carries out ejection feeding operation on a valve workpiece placed on the adjusting plate 5237, after the material receiving is finished, the ejection cylinder body 5221 recovers, the ejector sleeve 5228 returns to an initial position, in the whole ejection feeding process, three travel switches 5211 feed back to a control system through collecting position data of the piston rod, accurate control of the ejection feeding process is realized, in order to avoid interference, a carriage release unit is designed at the tail end of the ejection mechanism, when a valve is to be ejected into the clamp assembly 7, the release cylinder body 5232 drives the piston rod 5233, and the piston rod 5233 pushes the material supporting plate 5236 and an adjusting plate 5237 and a V-shaped connecting block on the bracket through a frame hinge assembly 5234 to rotate 15 degrees clockwise around the release rotation shaft 5235, so that the valve is free of interference clamping is realized. The hydraulic buffer 517 has vibration damping and buffering effects on each movement, so that the whole material ejection and blanking process is stably carried out, and the water receiving box 543 plays a role in circulating cooling liquid. After the valve is processed, the valve is ejected to the receiving hopper 531, the conversion baffle 532 can rotate around the conversion shaft 533, the upper end of the conversion baffle 532 props against the first support 548 at ordinary times, the rotation is opened, the valve passes through, when the valve reaches the stop gate 535 through the lower blanking channel 534, the proximity switch 538 counts, the valve adjusts the space position through the gap reserved by the stop gate 535 and matches with the follow-up double slide 537, and finally the valve reaches the stop block 539 along the double slide to stop.
As shown in fig. 22, the spindle assembly 6 includes a support mechanism 61, a control mechanism 62, and a spindle assembly mechanism 63, as shown in fig. 23, the control mechanism 62 includes an encoder 621, an encoder timing pulley 622, an encoder seat 623, an encoder shaft 624, an encoder timing belt 625, the spindle assembly mechanism 63 includes a first spindle 631, a spindle pulley 632, a washer 633, a timing belt pulley 634, a bearing 635,
the spindle box 611 is in bolted connection with the lathe bed base assembly 2, the spindle motor conveyor 215 on the lathe bed base assembly 2 is matched with the spindle belt pulley 632, the belt pulley end cover 612 is used for positioning and clamping the spindle belt pulley 632, the belt pulley 634 is positioned by the gasket 633 and the rear end cover 614, the belt pulley 634 is matched with the belt 625, the other end of the belt is matched with the encoder belt pulley 622, the encoder support 615 fixed on the spindle box 611 is connected with the encoder 621, the first spindle 631 is provided with the long shaft sleeve 616 for positioning each part, the spindle body is connected with the box 611 by the three-diagonal contact bearing 635, and the front end cover 613 is connected with the clamping and pushing assembly 7 by bolts.
In operation, the belt transmits the power of the spindle motor to the spindle belt pulley 632, the spindle 631 is driven to rotate by the intermediate connecting piece, the motion is the main motion, and meanwhile, the synchronous belt mechanism accurately reflects the rotation speed of the spindle to the encoder 623, so that the encoder 623 can feed back data to the control system, the accurate control of the rotation speed of the spindle is realized, and the spindle transmits the motion to the clamping and pushing assembly 7 through the end covers 613 and 612.
As shown in fig. 24, the clamping and pushing assembly 7 comprises a fixed supporting mechanism 71, a clamping mechanism 72 and a pushing mechanism 73, and as shown in fig. 25, 26, 27 and 28, the fixed supporting mechanism 71 comprises a rotation stopping frame 711, a rotation stopping plate 712, a connecting sleeve 713, a bearing sleeve 714, a nut 715, an end cover 716 and a taper sleeve seat 717; the clamping mechanism 72 comprises an outer pull rod 721, an inner pull rod 722, a rotary cylinder 723, a clamping mechanism ejector rod 724, a piston rod 725, a piston 726, a piston flange 727 and a pull rod head 728; the pushing mechanism 73 comprises a collet 731, a supporting sleeve 733 and an adjusting nut 732;
the anti-rotation frame 711 is fixedly connected with the lathe bed, one end of the anti-rotation plate 712 is fixedly connected with the anti-rotation frame 711, the other end of the anti-rotation plate 712 is fixedly connected with the revolving cylinder 723, the end cover 716 is connected with the revolving cylinder 723 through bolts, the outer pull rod 721 is internally sleeved with the inner pull rod 722, the inner pull rod 722 is connected with the piston 726, the piston 726 is fixedly connected with the piston rod 725, the piston rod 725 is connected with the pull rod head 728 through the piston flange 727, the pull rod head 728 is sleeved with the collet 731, the tail of the pull rod is connected with the main shaft assembly 6 through the connection sleeve 713 and the bearing sleeve 714, and is fixedly clamped through the nut 715, and the support sleeve 733 is sleeved between the collet 731 and the taper sleeve 717.
After the collet 731 clamps the valve workpiece and the machining is completed, the revolving cylinder 723 is started to drive the piston 726, and the valve is ejected from the collet 731 through the linear pushing-out motion of the piston rod 725 and the pull rod 728.
Claims (8)
1. The special numerical control lathe for continuous full-automatic machining of the engine valve is characterized by comprising a protective shell assembly (1), a lathe bed base assembly (2), a saddle assembly (3), a material distributing and discharging assembly (4), a material feeding and discharging assembly (5), a main shaft assembly (6), a material clamping and pushing assembly (7), a pneumatic system assembly (8), a lubricating system assembly (9) and a tool apron assembly (10); the lower part of the lathe bed base assembly (2) is fixedly connected with the ground, the upper part of the lathe bed base assembly is slidably connected with the saddle assembly (3) through a sliding block guide rail, the protective shell assembly (1) is supported by the lathe bed base assembly (2) and is arranged outside a lathe body, the upper part of the saddle assembly (3) is detachably connected with the tool apron assembly (10), the lower part of the tool apron assembly (10) is connected with the main shaft assembly (6) and the clamping and pushing assembly (7) in a detachable mode through a connecting piece, the upper part of the main shaft assembly (6) is provided with the feeding and blanking assembly (5) through a connecting piece, the clamping and pushing assembly (7) which is arranged at the right lower part of the feeding and blanking assembly (5) and is matched with the feeding and pushing assembly in a straight line relative to the main shaft assembly (6), the pneumatic system assembly (8) is arranged at the left side of the lathe body, the lubricating system assembly (9) is arranged at the right side of the lathe body,
The lathe bed base assembly (2) comprises a spindle motor output mechanism (21), a Z-axis moving mechanism (22) and an adjustable lathe bed mechanism (23); the Z-axis moving mechanism (22) comprises a screw driving motor (221), a coupler (222), a motor seat (223), an angular contact bearing, an oil sealing piece (224), a first travel switch (225), a screw guide rail (226), a bearing seat (227), a pressing plate, a pressing cover (228) and a screw (229); the adjustable lathe bed mechanism (23) comprises a lathe bed (231), a connecting bracket (232), a sizing block (233) and a first adjusting rod (234); the spindle motor output mechanism (21) is detachably connected with the Z-axis moving mechanism (22) and the adjustable lathe bed mechanism (23), the adjustable lathe bed mechanism is fixed with the ground through four sizing blocks (233), a first adjusting rod (234) is connected with the sizing blocks (233) and the lathe bed (231), a connecting bracket (232) is connected with the lathe bed (231) through bolts, a screw driving motor (221) is connected with the lathe bed through a motor seat (223) and a lathe bed bolt, a motor shaft is connected with a screw rod (229) through a coupling (222), a pressing plate and a pressing cover (228) are detachably connected with a bearing seat (227) through bolts and nuts, two ends of the screw rod are supported by the bearing seat (227), the bearing seat (227) is provided with an angular contact bearing and an oil seal (224), a screw rod guide (226) is fixed on the lathe bed (231) through bolts, and the middle part of the screw rod guide is provided with a first travel switch (225); the bed body (231) is inclined at 45 degrees with the horizontal plane;
The feeding and blanking assembly (5) comprises an uplink receiving mechanism (51), a left-row ejecting mechanism (52), a blanking mechanism (53) and a connecting and auxiliary mechanism (54); the uplink receiving mechanism (51) comprises a cylinder frame (511), a first frame hinge assembly (512), a first cylinder body (513), a cylinder piston (514), a piston hinge assembly (515), a hydraulic buffer support (516), a hydraulic buffer (517), an uplink rotating shaft (518) and a cylinder support (519); the left ejection mechanism (52) comprises a control unit (521), an ejection unit (522) and a material supporting plate release unit (523); the control unit (521) comprises a second travel switch (5211), a second detection seat (5212), a limiting block (5213) and a travel rod (5214); the ejection unit (522) comprises an ejection cylinder body (5221), an ejection cylinder piston (5222), a connecting push plate (5223), a main shaft (5224), a bearing assembly (5225), a connecting shaft assembly (5226), an ejector rod (5227), an ejector shaft (5228) and an ejector sleeve (5229); the material supporting plate release unit (523) comprises a bracket hinge assembly (5231), a release cylinder (5232), a release cylinder piston (5233), a second frame hinge assembly (5234), a release rotating shaft (5235), a material supporting plate (5236) and a first adjusting plate (5237); the blanking mechanism (53) comprises a receiving hopper (531), a conversion baffle (532), a conversion shaft (533), a lower blanking channel (534), a material blocking door (535), a material blocking plate (536), a double slideway (537), a first proximity switch (538) and a non-slip block (539); the connecting and auxiliary mechanism (54) comprises a base (541), a bottom plate (542), a water receiving box (543), an adjusting screw rod assembly (544), a bottom frame (545), a main shaft supporting seat (546), a shaft cover plate (547), a first supporting seat (548) and a detection bracket (549);
The base (541) is fixedly connected with the lathe bed, the base (542) is fixedly connected with the base (541), the underframe (545) is detachably connected with the base (542), the adjusting screw assembly (544) is connected with the ascending rotation shaft (518) through a bearing, the ascending rotation shaft (518) is rotatably connected with the first support (548), the base (542) is connected with the air cylinder frame (511) through a bolt, the air cylinder frame (511) is rotatably connected with the first air cylinder body (513) through the first frame hinge assembly (512), the first air cylinder body (513) is slidably connected with the air cylinder piston (514), the air cylinder piston (514) is movably connected with the air cylinder support (519) through the piston hinge assembly (515), the hydraulic buffer support (516) is fixedly connected with the hydraulic buffer support (516) on the base (542), the spindle support (546) is rotatably connected with the first support (548) through a bolt, the spindle cover plate (547) is rotatably connected with the spindle support (546) through a bolt, the spindle support (546) is rotatably connected with the spindle support (546), the spindle cover (24) is sleeved with the spindle cover (24) and the left push plate (5223) is connected with the push plate (5223) through the push rod (5223), a limiting block (5213) is connected to the travel bar (5214), the upper part of the travel bar is fixedly connected with a second detection seat (5212) and a detection bracket (549), three second travel switches (5211) are connected to the second detection seat (5212), a bearing assembly (5225) is sleeved on a main shaft (5224), a push rod (5227) and a push shaft (5228) are connected through a connecting shaft assembly (5226), the tail end of the push shaft (5228) is connected with a push sleeve (5229), the detection bracket (549) is connected with a release cylinder (5232) through a bracket hinging assembly (5231), the cylinder (5232) is in sliding connection with a release cylinder piston (5233), the release cylinder piston (5233) is rotatably connected with the material supporting plate (5236) through the second frame hinge assembly (5234), the material supporting plate (5236) is rotatably connected with the material supporting plate (5236) through the release rotation shaft (5235), the first adjusting plate (5237) is movably connected with the material supporting plate (5236), the tail end of the first adjusting plate (5237) is fixedly connected with the V-shaped receiving block, the water receiving box (543) is fixedly connected with the base (541), the material receiving hopper (531), the lower blanking channel (534) is fixedly connected with the base (541), the conversion baffle (532) is fixedly connected with the material receiving hopper (531) through the conversion shaft (533), the material blocking door (535) is fixedly connected with the lower blanking channel (534), the material blocking door (535) is provided with the first proximity switch (538), the tail ends of the baffle plate (536) and the lower blanking channel (534) form a gap outlet, the double slide ways (537) are fixedly connected with the lower blanking channel, and the tail ends of the double slide ways are fixedly connected with the stop slide blocks (539);
The main shaft assembly (6) comprises a supporting mechanism (61), a control mechanism (62) and a main shaft assembly mechanism (63),
the supporting mechanism (61) comprises a main shaft box body (611), a belt wheel end cover (612), a front end cover (613), a rear end cover (614), an encoder support (615) and a long shaft sleeve (616),
the control mechanism (62) comprises an encoder (621), an encoder synchronous pulley (622), an encoder seat (623), an encoder shaft (624) and an encoder synchronous belt (625), the main shaft assembly mechanism (63) comprises a first main shaft (631), a main shaft pulley (632), a gasket (633), a synchronous belt pulley (634) and a bearing (635),
the main shaft box body (611) is connected with the lathe bed base assembly (2) through bolts, a main shaft motor conveyor belt (215) on the lathe bed base assembly (2) is matched with a main shaft belt pulley (632), a belt pulley end cover (612) is used for positioning and clamping the main shaft belt pulley (632), a synchronous belt pulley (634) is positioned through a gasket (633) and a rear end cover (614), a synchronous belt (625) is matched on the synchronous belt pulley (634), the other end of the synchronous belt is matched with an encoder synchronous belt pulley (622), an encoder support (615) fixed on the main shaft box body (611) is connected with an encoder (621), a long shaft sleeve (616) is arranged on a first main shaft (631) for positioning each part, the shaft body is connected with the box body (611) through a tri-diagonal contact bearing (635), and a front end cover (613) is connected with a clamping and pushing assembly (7) through bolts;
The clamping and pushing assembly (7) comprises a fixed supporting mechanism (71), a clamping mechanism (72) and a pushing mechanism (73); the fixed supporting mechanism (71) comprises a rotation stopping rack (711), a rotation stopping plate (712), a connecting sleeve (713), a bearing sleeve (714), a nut (715), an end cover (716) and a taper sleeve seat (717); the clamping mechanism (72) comprises an outer pull rod (721), an inner pull rod (722), a rotary cylinder (723), a clamping mechanism ejector rod (724), a piston rod (725), a piston (726), a piston flange (727) and a pull rod head (728); the pushing mechanism (73) comprises an elastic chuck (731), a supporting sleeve (733) and an adjusting nut (732);
the rotary machine comprises a rotary machine frame (711) and a machine body, wherein one end of a rotary plate (712) is fixedly connected with the rotary machine frame (711), the other end of the rotary plate is fixedly connected with a rotary cylinder (723), an end cover (716) is connected with a taper sleeve seat (717) through bolts, the rotary cylinder (723) is connected with an outer pull rod (721), an inner pull rod (722) is sleeved inside the outer pull rod (721), the inner pull rod (722) is connected with a piston (726), the piston (726) is fixedly connected with a piston rod (725), the piston rod (725) is connected with a pull rod head (728) through a piston flange (727), the pull rod head (728) is sleeved with a collet chuck (731), the tail of the pull rod is connected with a main shaft assembly (6) through a connecting sleeve (713) and a bearing sleeve (714), the end cover (733) is fixedly clamped through a nut (715), and the support sleeve (733) is sleeved between the collet chuck (731) and the taper sleeve seat (717).
2. The numerical control lathe special for continuous full-automatic machining of the engine valve according to claim 1 is characterized in that the material distribution and discharging assembly (4) comprises a conveying track mechanism (41), a material distribution mechanism (42), a discharging mechanism (43), a position connection and adjustment mechanism (44), a track adjustment mechanism (45) and a detection mechanism (46);
the conveying track mechanism (41) comprises a double-side plate (411), a double-side plate track (412), an upper inclined double track (413), an upper arc double track (414), an upper vertical double track (415), a track pressing shaft (416), an adjusting strip (417), a fastening handle (418) and a gasket (419); the material distributing mechanism (42) comprises a material distributing disc (421), a first bracket (422), a hinge point (423), a self-lubricating ball rod bearing assembly (424), a material distributing piston rod (425) and a material distributing cylinder block (426); the discharging mechanism (43) comprises a discharging frame (431), a discharging claw pin shaft (432), a discharging claw (433), a discharging hinge point (434), a discharging piston rod (435), a discharging cylinder block (436), a bracket hinge point (437) and a second bracket (438); the position connecting and adjusting mechanism (44) comprises an adjusting unit (441), a base (442), a second support (443), a second adjusting plate (444), a double slide bar (445), a bar seat (446) and an adjusting screw (447); the adjusting unit (441) comprises a second adjusting rod (4411), an adjusting seat (4412) and an adjusting block (4413); the track adjusting mechanism (45) comprises a tightly fixable handle (451), a clamping nut (452), a plate shaft (453), a spring (454), a movable adjusting plate (455), a fixed adjusting plate (456) and a shaft sleeve (457); the detection mechanism (46) comprises a detection rod (461), a detection rod seat (462), an adjusting nut (463), an induction piece (464), a second proximity switch (465), a first detection seat (466) and a total support (467);
The material distributing and discharging assembly (4) is connected with the lathe bed through a base (442) and a lathe bed through bolts, two adjusting units (441) are fixedly connected with the base (442), a second adjusting rod (4411) is connected with an adjusting seat (4412) in a telescopic way, an adjusting block (4413) is fixedly connected with a second adjusting plate (444), a double slide rod (445) is arranged on the second adjusting plate (444), two rod seats (446) are connected on the double slide rod (445) in a sliding way, an adjusting screw (447) is connected with a center thread pair of the rod seats (446), a double side plate (411) is fixedly connected with the double rod seats (446), a double side plate (412) is closely arranged on the upper part of the double side plate (411), an upper inclined double rail (413), an upper arc double rail (414) and an upper vertical double rail (415) are arranged in parallel with the double side plate rail (412), a rail pressing shaft (416) is fixedly connected with the double side plate (411) through an adjusting bar (417), a fastening handle (418), a gasket (419) and a double side plate (411), a movable adjusting plate (455), an adjusting plate (419) and a movable shaft sleeve (419) are connected with the fixed shaft sleeve (419) and a movable shaft (453) through a movable shaft sleeve (453) and a movable shaft sleeve (453) connected with the movable shaft (453) and a movable shaft sleeve (453) and a movable shaft (453, and connect through pin joint (423) and feed cylinder body (426), but feed cylinder body (426) and feed piston rod (425) sliding connection, feed piston rod (425) are connected through self-lubricating ball head rod bearing assembly (424) and feed dish (421), feed piston rod (435), feed cylinder body (436), support pin joint (437), the connected mode and the feed mechanism of second support (438) are the same, feed piston rod (435) is through feed pin joint (434) and feed claw (433) rotatable coupling, feed claw (433) is through feed claw round pin axle (432) and feed frame (431) rotatable coupling, total support (467) and curb plate bolted connection, first detection seat (466) and total support (467) bolted connection, second proximity switch (465) are installed on first detection seat (466), sensing piece (464), detection rod (461) all are connected with measurement seat (462), adjustable connection of adjustment nut (463) and measurement seat (462).
3. The continuous full-automatic machining special numerical control lathe for the engine valve according to claim 2 is characterized in that through adjusting the lengths of two second adjusting rods (4411), the positions of the second adjusting plates (444) on the plane x axis and the plane y axis can be adjusted, the positions of the double side plates (411) on the z axis can be changed, three paths of an inclined track, an arc transition track and a vertical track which form 30 degrees with the horizontal plane are sequentially and parallelly arranged on the double side plates (411) of the material distribution and discharge assembly (4), and the three paths are spliced into a stable discharge track.
4. The numerical control lathe special for continuous full-automatic machining of engine valves according to claim 2 is characterized in that a notch of the distributing disc (421) clamped in the double tracks is matched with the valve shape, a falling valve piece group is blocked in an initial state, the self-lubricating ball rod bearing assembly (424) can drive the distributing disc (421) to swing downwards for an angle, the discharging claw (433) can seal the double tracks through the discharging claw disc initially, and the discharging claw (433) can rotate around the pin shaft (432) for an angle.
5. The numerically controlled lathe special for continuous full-automatic machining of engine valves according to claim 1, wherein the first support (548) is rotatable counterclockwise about the upward rotation axis (518) by a rotation limit angle of 30 degrees, and the retainer plate (5236) is parallel to the wedge-shaped discharge opening at the lower end of the discharge mechanism in the limit position, and the V-shaped receiving block and the valve on the first adjusting plate (5237) are identical in shape.
6. The numerical control lathe special for continuous full-automatic processing of an engine valve according to claim 1, characterized in that a main shaft (5224), a driving ejector rod (5227) and an ejector shaft (5228) are arranged in a straight line, the shape of an ejector sleeve (5229) is matched with the end part of a valve workpiece, and the first adjusting plate (5237) and the V-shaped connecting block can rotate clockwise around a release rotating shaft (5235) and the limiting angle of rotation is 15 degrees.
7. The numerical control lathe special for continuous full-automatic machining of an engine valve according to claim 1, wherein the collet (731) and the valve workpiece shaft are clamped in a matched manner, the piston (726), the piston rod (725), the pull rod head (728) and the valve workpiece are arranged in a straight line, and the pull rod head is relatively fixed in each ejecting speed.
8. The working method of the special numerical control lathe for continuously and fully automatically machining the engine valve according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following machining steps:
1) The valve workpiece falls through three sections of splicing paths of a 30-degree inclined track, an arc track and a vertical track, in the falling process, when one feeding beat is finished, the material distribution cylinder block (426) drives the material distribution piston rod (425) to move, the material distribution plate (421) is driven to swing downwards by an angle through the self-lubricating ball head rod bearing assembly (424), a single valve clamped at the notch passes through the valve, the arc surface of the material distribution plate (421) simultaneously continuously blocks the valve component group at the upper part, then the cylinder piston drives the material distribution plate (421) to recover, one-time material distribution is completed, the material distribution claw (433) initially seals the double tracks through the material distribution claw plate, the single valve falling from the material distribution mechanism stays on the material distribution claw (433), when a material distribution signal is transmitted, the material distribution cylinder block (436) drives the material distribution piston rod (433), the material distribution claw (433) rotates by an angle around the pin shaft (432), the track space is released, the valve passes through the valve, and the valve is detected (461) to obtain the number, time and speed of the valve;
2) The first cylinder body (513) pushes the piston rod (514) to move upwards, the piston rod (514) drives the bracket (519) through the piston hinge assembly (515), the bracket (519) finally drives the whole first support (548) to rotate anticlockwise by 30 degrees around the ascending rotation shaft (518) through the connecting component, the material supporting plate (5236) is parallel to a wedge-shaped discharge hole at the lower end of the discharging mechanism, and the V-shaped receiving block on the first adjusting plate (5237) is matched with the valve in shape to realize non-angle material receiving;
3) After receiving, the ejection cylinder body (5221) drives the ejection piston rod (5222) to realize ejection and recovery driving of the main shaft (5224) through a connecting push plate (5223) with the tail end connected, so that an ejection sleeve (5229) with the tail end connected with the ejection shaft (5228) performs ejection and feeding operation on the valve workpiece placed on the first adjusting plate (5237);
4) When the valve is to be jacked into the clamp assembly (7), the release cylinder body (5232) drives the piston rod (5233) to push the material supporting plate (5236) to rotate 15 degrees clockwise around the release rotating shaft (5235) through the second frame hinge assembly (5234), so that the valve is clamped without interference;
5) During processing, the cartridge clamp head (731) clamps the valve workpiece, and the first main shaft (631) precisely outputs rotating speed and torque under the control of the encoder (623);
6) After the machining is finished, the rotary cylinder (723) is started to drive the piston (726), and the valve is ejected from the cartridge head (731) through the linear pushing-out movement of the pull rod head (728);
7) The air valve is ejected to the receiving hopper (531), the conversion baffle plate (532) is rotated to be opened, when the air valve reaches the material blocking door (535) through the lower blanking channel (534), the first proximity switch (538) counts, the air valve adjusts the space position through a gap reserved by the material blocking door (535) and is matched with the follow-up double slide way (537) to fall, and finally, the air valve reaches the stop block (539) along the double slide way to stop;
8) The pneumatic system assembly (8) controls the starting time, moment and speed of the pneumatic elements in each assembly;
9) The lubrication system assembly (9) lubricates the parts which move relatively;
10 The T-shaped nut and the positioning key realize the positioning and clamping of the square cutter seat on the cutter seat sliding block of the saddle assembly (3).
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Denomination of invention: Special CNC lathe and its method for continuous and fully automatic machining of engine valves Effective date of registration: 20231206 Granted publication date: 20230606 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Development Zone Jinhua subbranch Pledgor: ZHEJIANG JINTANG MACHINE TOOL Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980069714 |