CN107570726B - Special numerical control lathe and method for continuous automatic machining of engine valves - Google Patents
Special numerical control lathe and method for continuous automatic machining of engine valves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床及其加工方法,其机床包括防护壳体总成、床身基座总成、滑鞍总成、分料及放料总成、上料及落料总成、主轴总成、夹料及推料总成、气动系统总成、润滑系统总成和刀座总成。防护壳体总成保护各个部件,床身基座总成支撑各部件,滑鞍总成实现刀座的三自由度运动,分料及放料总成实现气门工件分拣和单个放料,上料及落料总成对气门工件进行装夹并对成品落料收集,主轴总成带动工件旋转,夹料及推料总成夹紧工件并推出成品,气动系统总成提供气动力,润滑系统总成对各个相对移动部件进行润滑,刀座总成实现对刀具的装夹。各总成协调配合,实现发动机气门的全自动化高效生产。
The invention discloses a special numerical control lathe for continuous automatic processing of engine valves and a processing method thereof. Blanking assembly, spindle assembly, clamping and pushing assembly, pneumatic system assembly, lubrication system assembly and tool seat assembly. The protective shell assembly protects each component, the bed base assembly supports each component, the saddle assembly realizes the three-degree-of-freedom movement of the tool seat, and the material distribution and discharge assembly realizes valve workpiece sorting and single discharge, loading and unloading. The blanking assembly clamps the valve workpiece and collects the blanking of the finished product, the spindle assembly drives the workpiece to rotate, the clamping and pushing assembly clamps the workpiece and pushes out the finished product, the pneumatic system assembly provides pneumatic power, and the lubrication system assembly All relative moving parts are lubricated, and the tool seat assembly realizes the clamping of the tool. The coordination and cooperation of each assembly realizes the fully automatic and efficient production of engine valves.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种专用数控车床,尤其涉及一种发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床及其办法。The invention relates to a special numerical control lathe, in particular to a special numerical control lathe for continuous and automatic machining of engine valves and a method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
发动机气门是发动机中非常重要的零件,其形状精度对发动机的性能有极大影响,随着动力机械的发展,对发动机气门的产量要求也在不断提高。目前的气门成型工艺中,一般需要多台机床配合加工,倒角、粗车、半粗车、精车、磨等等工序,每道工序都有十分繁琐的送料、分料、上料、拆卸工装夹具等操作,工人工作枯燥。即使在数控车床上,由于气门加工面小、体积小、数量多的特殊性,会遇到频繁上下料,排屑困难,车床振动,加工效果不理想等问题。The engine valve is a very important part of the engine, and its shape accuracy has a great influence on the performance of the engine. With the development of power machinery, the output requirements for the engine valve are also increasing. In the current valve forming process, it generally requires multiple machine tools to cooperate with the processing, such as chamfering, rough turning, semi-rough turning, fine turning, grinding, etc. Each process has very cumbersome feeding, dividing, loading, and dismantling. Operations such as tooling and fixtures are boring for workers. Even on CNC lathes, due to the small processing surface, small volume, and large quantity of valves, problems such as frequent loading and unloading, difficulty in chip removal, lathe vibration, and unsatisfactory processing results will be encountered.
专利CN105798623A公开了一种发动机气门自动加工一体机,通过设置送料夹紧机构、翻转夹紧机构、砂轮切割机构、打磨机构、倒角机构实现对气门前期进料、切断、打磨、倒角等工序的操作,但各机构缺少控制系统,只是机械结构的简单叠加,中间采用传统的带传送进行工件交接,没有实现高度一体化。传动系统单一,容易出现机械故障,也没有考虑到各机构的良好润滑,且没有充分利用气门形状特点来设计输送、上料机构,故没有达到专机的设计要求。Patent CN105798623A discloses an engine valve automatic processing integrated machine, which realizes the pre-feeding, cutting, grinding, chamfering and other processes of the valve by setting a feeding clamping mechanism, a turning clamping mechanism, a grinding wheel cutting mechanism, a grinding mechanism, and a chamfering mechanism operation, but each mechanism lacks a control system, it is just a simple superposition of mechanical structures, and the traditional belt conveyor is used for workpiece transfer in the middle, which has not achieved a high degree of integration. The transmission system is single, prone to mechanical failures, good lubrication of each mechanism is not considered, and the shape of the valve is not fully utilized to design the conveying and feeding mechanism, so it does not meet the design requirements of the special machine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床及其加工方法。本发明的技术方案如下:The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a special numerical control lathe and its processing method for continuous automatic processing of engine valves. Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床,包括防护壳体总成、床身基座总成、滑鞍总成、分料及放料总成、上料及落料总成、主轴总成、夹料及推料总成、气动系统总成、润滑系统总成、刀座总成;床身基座总成下部和地面固连,上部与滑鞍总成通过滑块导轨可滑动连接,防护壳体总成以床身基座总成为支撑,安装在机体的外部,滑鞍总成上部与刀座总成可拆卸连接,刀座总成下部连接有主轴总成和夹料及推料总成,三者通过连接件可拆卸连接,主轴总成的上部通过连接件安装有上料及落料总成,在上料及落料总成右下方并与其相匹配的夹料及推料总成相对主轴总成成直线安装,气动系统总成安装在机床体的左侧,润滑系统总成安装在机床体右侧,A special CNC lathe for continuous automatic processing of engine valves, including a protective shell assembly, a bed base assembly, a saddle assembly, a material distribution and discharge assembly, a material loading and blanking assembly, a spindle assembly, a clamp Material and pushing assembly, pneumatic system assembly, lubrication system assembly, tool seat assembly; the lower part of the bed base assembly is fixed to the ground, the upper part is slidably connected to the saddle assembly through the slider guide rail, and the protective shell The assembly is supported by the bed base assembly and installed outside the machine body. The upper part of the saddle assembly is detachably connected with the tool seat assembly, and the lower part of the tool seat assembly is connected with the main shaft assembly and the clamping and pushing assembly. The upper part of the main shaft assembly is installed with the loading and blanking assembly through the connecting piece, and the matching clamping and pushing assembly is opposite to the main shaft assembly at the lower right of the loading and blanking assembly. Installed in a straight line, the pneumatic system assembly is installed on the left side of the machine body, and the lubrication system assembly is installed on the right side of the machine body.
床身基座总成包括主轴电机输出机构、Z轴移动机构、可调节床身机构;Z轴移动机构包括丝杠驱动电机、联轴器、电机座、角接触轴承及油封件、第一行程开关、丝杠导轨、轴承座、压板及压盖、丝杠;可调节床身机构包括床身、连接支架、垫铁、第一调整杆;主轴电机输出机构和Z轴移动机构和可调节床身机构可拆卸连接,可调节床身机构通过四个垫铁和地面固定,第一调整杆连接垫铁和床身,连接支架和床身通过螺栓连接,丝杠驱动电机通过电机座和床身螺栓连接,电机轴通过联轴器和丝杠连接,压板及压盖通过螺栓螺母和轴承座可拆卸连接,丝杠两端由轴承座支撑,轴承座装有角接触轴承及油封件,丝杠导轨通过螺栓固定在床身上,丝杠导轨中部装有第一行程开关;床身与水平面呈45度倾斜;Bed base assembly includes spindle motor output mechanism, Z-axis moving mechanism, adjustable bed mechanism; Z-axis moving mechanism includes screw drive motor, coupling, motor seat, angular contact bearing and oil seal, first stroke Switches, lead screw guide rails, bearing housings, pressure plates and glands, lead screws; adjustable bed mechanism including bed, connecting bracket, pad iron, first adjustment rod; spindle motor output mechanism, Z-axis moving mechanism and adjustable bed The body mechanism is detachably connected, the adjustable bed mechanism is fixed to the ground through four shims, the first adjustment rod connects the shims and the bed, the connecting bracket and the bed are connected by bolts, and the screw drive motor passes through the motor base and the bed Bolt connection, the motor shaft is connected to the lead screw through a coupling, the pressure plate and the gland are detachably connected to the bearing seat through bolts and nuts, the two ends of the lead screw are supported by the bearing seat, the bearing seat is equipped with angular contact bearings and oil seals, and the lead screw The guide rail is fixed on the bed by bolts, and the first stroke switch is installed in the middle of the screw guide rail; the bed is inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane;
上料及落料总成包括上行接料机构、左行顶料机构、落料机构、连接及辅助机构;上行接料机构包括气缸机架、第一机架铰接组件、第一气缸体、气缸活塞、活塞铰接组件、液压缓冲器支座、液压缓冲器、上行转动轴、气缸支架;左顶料机构包括控制单元、顶出单元、托料板释放单元;控制单元包括第二行程开关、第二检测座、限位块、行程杆;顶出单元包括顶出气缸体、顶出气缸活塞、连接推板、主轴、轴承组件、连接轴组件、顶杆、顶轴、顶套;托料板释放单元包括支架铰接组件、释放气缸、释放气缸活塞、第二机架铰接组件、释放转动轴、托料板、第一调整板;落料机构包括接料斗、转换挡板、转换轴、下落料道、挡料门、挡料板、双滑道、第一接近开关、止滑块;连接及辅助机构包括底座、底板、接水盒、调整螺杆组件、底架、主轴支撑座、轴盖板、第一支座、检测支架;The feeding and blanking assembly includes an upward material receiving mechanism, a leftward material jacking mechanism, a material blanking mechanism, connections and auxiliary mechanisms; an upward material receiving mechanism includes a cylinder frame, a first frame hinge assembly, a first cylinder block, and a cylinder piston , Piston hinge assembly, hydraulic buffer support, hydraulic buffer, upward rotating shaft, cylinder support; the left ejector mechanism includes a control unit, an ejector unit, and a supporting plate release unit; Detection seat, limit block, stroke rod; ejection unit includes ejection cylinder block, ejection cylinder piston, connecting push plate, main shaft, bearing assembly, connecting shaft assembly, ejector rod, ejector shaft, ejector sleeve; supporting plate release The unit includes bracket hinge assembly, release cylinder, release cylinder piston, second frame hinge assembly, release rotating shaft, support plate, first adjustment plate; the blanking mechanism includes a hopper, a conversion baffle, a conversion shaft, and a drop channel , material blocking door, material blocking plate, double slideway, first proximity switch, anti-slip block; connection and auxiliary mechanism include base, bottom plate, water receiving box, adjusting screw assembly, bottom frame, main shaft support seat, shaft cover, The first support, detection bracket;
底座和床身固连,底板和底座固连,底架和底板可拆卸连接,调整螺杆组件和底板螺栓连接,底架通过轴承连接上行转动轴,上行转动轴和第一支座可转动连接,底板和气缸机架螺栓连接,气缸机架通过第一机架铰接组件和第一气缸体可转动连接,第一气缸体和气缸活塞可滑动连接,气缸活塞通过活塞铰接组件和气缸支架可动连接,在底板上还固连有液压缓冲器支座,液压缓冲器与液压缓冲器支座固连,主轴支撑座和第一支座螺栓连接,轴盖板和主轴支撑座螺栓连接,主轴支撑座上套接有主轴,轴盖板上还螺栓连接有顶出气缸体,顶出气缸活塞、主轴和行程杆通过左右两侧的连接推板平行连接,行程杆上连接有限位块,在行程杆上部与第二检测座和检测支架固连,第二检测座上连接有三个第二行程开关,主轴套接有轴承组件,并通过连接轴组件连接顶杆和顶轴,顶轴末端连接有顶套,检测支架通过支架铰接组件连接释放气缸,气缸和释放气缸活塞可滑动连接,释放气缸活塞通过第二机架铰接组件和托料板可转动连接,托料板通过释放转动轴可转动连接,第一调整板和托料板可移动连接,第一调整板末端固连有V型接块,接水盒和底座固连,接料斗、下落料道和底座固连,转换挡板通过转换轴和接料斗固连,挡料门和下落料道固连,挡料门上装有第一接近开关,挡料板和下落料道末端构成缝隙出口,双滑道与下落料道固连,其末端固连有止滑块。The base is fixedly connected to the bed, the base is fixed to the base, the base is detachably connected to the base, the adjusting screw assembly is connected to the base by bolts, the base is connected to the upward rotating shaft through bearings, and the upward rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first support. The bottom plate is connected with the cylinder frame by bolts, the cylinder frame is rotatably connected with the first cylinder body through the first frame hinge assembly, the first cylinder body is slidably connected with the cylinder piston, and the cylinder piston is movably connected with the cylinder bracket through the piston hinge assembly , the base plate is also fixedly connected with the hydraulic buffer support, the hydraulic buffer is fixedly connected with the hydraulic buffer support, the main shaft support seat is connected with the first support bolt, the shaft cover plate is connected with the main shaft support seat with bolts, and the main shaft support seat The main shaft is sleeved on the top, and the ejection cylinder body is also bolted on the shaft cover plate. The piston of the ejection cylinder, the main shaft and the travel rod are connected in parallel through the connecting push plates on the left and right sides. The travel rod is connected with a limit block. The upper part is fixedly connected with the second detection seat and the detection bracket. The second detection seat is connected with three second travel switches. The main shaft is sleeved with a bearing assembly, and the ejector rod and the jack shaft are connected through the connecting shaft assembly. The end of the top shaft is connected with a top shaft. The detection bracket is connected to the release cylinder through the bracket hinge assembly, the cylinder and the release cylinder piston are slidably connected, the release cylinder piston is rotatably connected to the support plate through the second frame hinge assembly, and the support plate is rotatably connected through the release rotation shaft. The first adjustment plate and the support plate can be connected movably, the end of the first adjustment plate is fixedly connected with a V-shaped joint block, the water receiving box is fixedly connected with the base, the hopper, the falling channel and the base are fixedly connected, and the conversion baffle passes through the conversion shaft It is fixedly connected with the receiving hopper, and the material retaining door is fixedly connected with the falling material channel. The first proximity switch is installed on the material retaining door. The material retaining plate and the end of the falling material channel form a gap outlet. It is fixedly connected with a stop slide block.
优选的,所述的分料及放料总成包括输送轨道机构、分料机构、放料机构、位置连接与调整机构、轨道调整机构、检测机构;Preferably, the material distribution and discharge assembly includes a conveying track mechanism, a material distribution mechanism, a material discharge mechanism, a position connection and adjustment mechanism, a track adjustment mechanism, and a detection mechanism;
输送轨道机构包括双侧板、双侧板轨道、上部倾斜双轨道、上部弧型双轨道、上部竖直双轨道、轨道压轴、调整条、紧定手柄、垫圈;分料机构包括分料盘、第一支架、铰接点、自润滑球头杆轴承组件、分料活塞杆、分料气缸体;放料机构包括放料架、放料爪销轴、放料爪、放料铰接点、放料活塞杆、放料气缸体、支架铰接点、第二支架;位置连接与调整机构包括调整单元、基座、第二支座、第二调整板、双滑杆、杆座、调节螺杆;调整单元包括第二调整杆、调整座、调整块;轨道调整机构包括可紧定手柄、夹紧螺母、板轴、弹簧、动调整板、定调整板、轴套;检测机构包括检测杆、测杆座、调整螺母、感应片、第二接近开关、第一检测座、总支架;The conveying track mechanism includes double side plates, double side plate tracks, upper inclined double track, upper arc double track, upper vertical double track, track finale, adjustment bar, tightening handle, gasket; material distribution mechanism includes material distribution plate, The first bracket, the hinge point, the self-lubricating ball end rod bearing assembly, the material distribution piston rod, and the material distribution cylinder body; the discharge mechanism includes the discharge rack, the discharge claw pin, the discharge claw, the discharge hinge point, the discharge Piston rod, discharge cylinder block, bracket hinge point, second bracket; position connection and adjustment mechanism including adjustment unit, base, second support, second adjustment plate, double slide rods, rod seat, adjustment screw; adjustment unit Including the second adjustment rod, adjustment seat, and adjustment block; the track adjustment mechanism includes a tightenable handle, a clamping nut, a plate shaft, a spring, a moving adjustment plate, a fixed adjustment plate, and a shaft sleeve; the detection mechanism includes a detection rod and a measuring rod seat , Adjusting nut, induction sheet, second proximity switch, first detection seat, general bracket;
分料及放料总成通过基座和床身螺栓连接,两个调整单元和基座固连,第二调整杆和调整座可伸缩连接,调整块和第二调整板固连,第二调整板上安装有双滑杆,双滑杆上可滑动连接两个杆座,调节螺杆与杆座中心螺纹副连接,双侧板和双杆座固连,双侧板上部紧贴布置有双侧板轨道,与双侧板轨道平行布置有上部倾斜双轨道、上部弧型双轨道、上部竖直双轨道,轨道压轴通过调整条、紧定手柄、垫圈和双侧板固连,动调整板、定调整板和侧板固连,轴套和动、定调整板可拆卸连接,板轴和轴套配合,其上套接有弹簧,可紧定手柄通过夹紧螺母和动、定调整板连接,第一支架和侧板螺栓连接,并通过铰接点和分料气缸体连接,分料气缸体和分料活塞杆可滑动连接,分料活塞杆通过自润滑球头杆轴承组件和分料盘连接,放料活塞杆、放料气缸体、支架铰接点、第二支架的连接方式和分料机构相同,放料活塞杆通过放料铰接点和放料爪可转动连接,放料爪通过放料爪销轴和放料架可转动连接,总支架和侧板螺栓连接,第一检测座和总支架螺栓连接,第二接近开关安装在第一检测座上,感应片、检测杆均和测杆座连接,调整螺母和测杆座可调节连接。The distribution and discharge assembly is connected by the base and the bed bolts, the two adjustment units are fixedly connected with the base, the second adjustment rod and the adjustment seat are telescopically connected, the adjustment block is fixed with the second adjustment plate, and the second adjustment plate Double sliding rods are installed on the top, and two rod seats can be slidably connected on the double sliding rods. The adjusting screw is connected with the thread pair in the center of the rod seat, and the double side plates are fixedly connected with the double rod seats. The track is arranged parallel to the track of the double side plate, with an upper inclined double track, an upper arc double track, and an upper vertical double track. The adjusting plate is fixedly connected with the side plate, the shaft sleeve is detachably connected with the moving and fixed adjusting plate, the plate shaft is matched with the shaft sleeve, and a spring is sleeved on it, and the tightenable handle is connected with the moving and fixed adjusting plate through the clamping nut. The first bracket is connected to the side plate with bolts, and is connected to the distribution cylinder body through the hinge point. The distribution cylinder body and the distribution piston rod are slidably connected, and the distribution piston rod is connected to the distribution plate through a self-lubricating ball head rod bearing assembly. , the connection mode of the discharging piston rod, the discharging cylinder body, the hinge point of the bracket, and the second bracket is the same as that of the distribution mechanism. The discharging piston rod is rotatably connected with the discharging claw through the discharging hinge point, and the discharging claw is The claw pin shaft is rotatably connected to the discharge rack, the main support is connected to the side plate by bolts, the first detection seat is connected to the general support by bolts, the second proximity switch is installed on the first detection seat, and the sensing plate and detection rod are connected to the measuring rod. Seat connection, adjusting nut and rod seat adjustable connection.
优选的,所述的主轴总成包括支撑机构、控制机构、主轴组件机构,Preferably, the main shaft assembly includes a support mechanism, a control mechanism, and a main shaft assembly mechanism,
支撑机构包括主轴箱体、带轮端盖、前端盖、后端盖、编码器支座、长轴套,The support mechanism includes the spindle box, the pulley end cover, the front end cover, the rear end cover, the encoder support, the long shaft sleeve,
控制机构包括编码器、编码器同步带轮、编码器座、编码器轴、编码器同步带,主轴组件机构包括第一主轴、主轴带轮、垫圈、同步带带轮、轴承,The control mechanism includes an encoder, an encoder synchronous pulley, an encoder seat, an encoder shaft, and an encoder synchronous belt. The main shaft assembly mechanism includes the first main shaft, a main shaft pulley, a washer, a synchronous belt pulley, and a bearing.
主轴箱体和床身基座总成螺栓连接,床身基座总成上的主轴电机传送带和主轴带轮配合,带轮端盖对主轴带轮定位夹紧,同步带带轮通过垫圈和后端盖定位,同步带带轮上配合有同步带,同步带另一端和编码器同步带轮配合,固定在主轴箱体上的编码器支座,其上连接有编码器,第一主轴上有长轴套对各零部件进行定位,轴体通过三对角接触轴承和箱体连接,前端盖通过螺栓和夹料及推料总成连接。The spindle box and the bed base assembly are bolted together, the spindle motor conveyor belt on the bed base assembly cooperates with the main shaft pulley, the pulley end cover is positioned and clamped to the main shaft pulley, and the pulley of the synchronous belt passes through the washer and the rear The end cover is positioned, the synchronous belt pulley is equipped with a synchronous belt, the other end of the synchronous belt is matched with the encoder synchronous pulley, the encoder support fixed on the main shaft box is connected to the encoder, and the first main shaft has a The long shaft sleeve positions each component, the shaft body is connected to the box body through three-diagonal contact bearings, and the front end cover is connected to the clamping and pushing assembly through bolts.
优选的,所述的夹料及推料总成包括固定支撑机构、夹料机构、推料机构;固定支撑机构包括止转机架、止转板、连接套件、轴承套件、螺母、端盖、锥套座;夹料机构包括外拉杆、内拉杆、回转气缸、夹料机构顶杆、活塞杆、活塞、活塞法兰、拉杆头;推料机构包括弹夹头、支撑套、调节螺母;Preferably, the clamping and pushing assembly includes a fixed support mechanism, a clamping mechanism, and a pushing mechanism; the fixed support mechanism includes a stop frame, a stop plate, a connection set, a bearing set, a nut, an end cover, a cone Sleeve seat; clamping mechanism includes outer pull rod, inner pull rod, rotary cylinder, push rod of clamping mechanism, piston rod, piston, piston flange, pull rod head; pushing mechanism includes bullet chuck, support sleeve, adjusting nut;
止转机架和床身固连,止转板一端和止转机架固连,另一端和回转气缸固连,端盖和锥套座螺栓连接回转气缸连接有外拉杆,外拉杆内部套接内拉杆,内拉杆连接活塞,活塞和活塞杆固连,活塞杆通过活塞法兰连接拉杆头,拉杆头套接弹夹头,拉杆尾部通过连接套件和轴承套件与主轴总成连接,并且通过螺母进行固定夹紧,支撑套套接在弹夹头和锥套座之间。The anti-rotation frame is fixedly connected with the bed, one end of the anti-rotation plate is fixedly connected with the anti-rotation frame, the other end is fixedly connected with the rotary cylinder, the end cover and the tapered sleeve seat are bolted, and the rotary cylinder is connected with an outer tie rod, which is sleeved inside. The inner tie rod, the inner tie rod is connected to the piston, the piston and the piston rod are fixedly connected, the piston rod is connected to the draw rod head through the piston flange, the draw rod head is sleeved with the cartridge, and the tail of the tie rod is connected to the main shaft assembly through a connection kit and a bearing kit, and is connected by a nut. Fixed and clamped, the support sleeve is sleeved between the bullet chuck and the tapered sleeve seat.
优选的,通过对两个第二调整杆长度的调整,可以调节第二调整板在平面x轴和y轴上的位置,对调节螺杆进行旋转调节,可以改变双侧板在z轴的位置,在分料及放料总成4的双侧板上沿侧板轨迹依次平行布置有和水平面成30度的倾斜轨道、弧形过渡轨道和竖直轨道的三段路径,这三段路径拼接成平稳的放料轨迹。Preferably, by adjusting the length of the two second adjustment rods, the position of the second adjustment plate on the plane x-axis and y-axis can be adjusted, and the adjustment screw can be rotated to change the position of the double-sided plate on the z-axis. On the double-side plates of the material distribution and
优选的,分料盘卡接在双轨道中的缺口与气门形状匹配,初始状态时将落下的气门件组挡住,自润滑球头杆轴承组件可以带动分料盘往下摆动一个角度,放料爪初始时通过放料爪盘封住双轨道,放料爪可以绕销轴转动一个角度。Preferably, the gap where the distribution tray is clamped in the double track matches the shape of the valve, and the falling valve assembly is blocked in the initial state, and the self-lubricating ball-end rod bearing assembly can drive the distribution tray to swing down at an angle, and the material is discharged At the beginning, the claw seals the double track through the discharge claw disc, and the discharge claw can rotate an angle around the pin shaft.
优选的,第一支座可以绕上行转动轴逆时针旋转,旋转的极限角度为30度,在极限位置时,托料板与放料机构下端的楔形出料口平行,第一调整板上的V型接块和气门形状相同。Preferably, the first support can rotate counterclockwise around the upward rotation axis, and the limit angle of rotation is 30 degrees. The V-joint is the same shape as the valve.
优选的,主轴、驱动顶杆和顶轴成直线安装,顶套的形状和气门工件端部吻合,第一调整板和V型接块可以绕释放转动轴顺时针旋转,其旋转的极限角度是15度。Preferably, the main shaft, the driving push rod and the top shaft are installed in a straight line, the shape of the top sleeve matches the end of the valve workpiece, the first adjustment plate and the V-shaped joint block can rotate clockwise around the release rotation axis, and the limit angle of rotation is 15 degrees.
优选的,弹夹头和气门工件轴部配合夹紧,活塞,活塞杆、拉杆头和气门工件成直线排布,拉杆头每次弹出速度相对固定。Preferably, the chuck and the shaft of the valve workpiece are clamped together, the piston, the piston rod, the tie rod head and the valve workpiece are arranged in a straight line, and the ejection speed of the tie rod head is relatively fixed each time.
所述发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床的工作方法包括以下加工步骤:The working method of the special numerical control lathe for continuous automatic processing of the engine valve comprises the following processing steps:
1)气门工件通过30度倾斜轨道、弧形轨道和竖直轨道的三段拼接路径下落,在下落过程中,当一个上料节拍结束后,分料气缸体驱动分料活塞杆运动,通过自润滑球头杆轴承组件带动分料盘往下摆动一个角度,使缺口处卡接的单个气门通过,分料盘的弧形面同时继续阻挡住上部的气门件组,之后,气缸活塞带动分料盘回复,一次分料完成,放料爪初始时通过放料爪盘封住双轨道,从分料机构落下的单个气门就停留在放料爪上,当放料信号传到时,放料气缸体驱动放料活塞杆拉动放料爪,放料爪绕销轴转动一个角度,释放轨道空间,气门通过,检测杆通过对气门进行接触,得到气门的数量、时间、速度;1) The valve workpiece falls through the three-section splicing path of the 30-degree inclined track, the arc track and the vertical track. During the falling process, when a feeding cycle is over, the material distribution cylinder drives the material distribution piston rod to move, through the automatic The lubricated ball-end rod bearing assembly drives the distribution tray to swing downward at an angle, so that the single valve clamped at the gap passes through, and the arc surface of the distribution tray continues to block the upper valve assembly at the same time. After that, the cylinder piston drives the distribution Disk recovery, once the material distribution is completed, the discharge claw seals the double track through the discharge claw plate at the beginning, and the single valve falling from the material distribution mechanism stays on the discharge claw. When the discharge signal is transmitted, the discharge cylinder The body drives the discharge piston rod to pull the discharge claw, and the discharge claw rotates an angle around the pin shaft to release the track space, the valve passes through, and the detection rod contacts the valve to obtain the number, time and speed of the valve;
2)第一气缸体推动活塞杆向上运动,活塞杆通过活塞铰接组件带动支架,支架再通过连接部件最终带动整个第一支座绕上行转动轴逆时针旋转30°,使托料板与放料机构下端的楔形出料口平行,第一调整板上的V型接块和气门形状匹配实现无角度接料;2) The first cylinder pushes the piston rod to move upwards, the piston rod drives the bracket through the piston hinge assembly, and the bracket finally drives the entire first support to rotate counterclockwise 30° around the upward rotation axis through the connecting parts, so that the supporting plate and the discharging The wedge-shaped discharge port at the lower end of the mechanism is parallel, and the V-shaped joint block on the first adjustment plate matches the shape of the valve to realize material connection without angle;
3)接料完毕后,顶出气缸体驱动顶出活塞杆通过末端连接的连接推板实现对主轴的顶出和回复驱动,从而使顶轴末端连接的顶套对放置于第一调整板上的气门工件进行顶出上料操作;3) After receiving the material, the ejection cylinder block drives the ejection piston rod to realize the ejection and return drive of the main shaft through the connecting push plate connected at the end, so that the pair of top sleeves connected to the end of the ejector shaft is placed on the first adjustment plate The valve workpiece is ejected and loaded;
4)当气门将被顶入夹具总成时,释放气缸体驱动活塞杆通过第二机架铰接组件推动托料板绕释放转动轴顺时针旋转15度,实现气门无干涉装夹;4) When the valve is about to be pushed into the fixture assembly, the release cylinder block drives the piston rod to push the support plate to rotate clockwise 15 degrees around the release rotation axis through the second frame hinge assembly, so as to realize the non-interference clamping of the valve;
5)加工时,弹夹头对气门工件进行夹紧,第一主轴在编码器的控制下精确输出转速和力矩;5) During processing, the cartridge clamps the valve workpiece, and the first spindle accurately outputs the speed and torque under the control of the encoder;
6)加工完成后,回转气缸启动,驱动活塞,通过拉杆头的直线推出运动,将气门从弹夹头中顶出;6) After the processing is completed, the rotary cylinder starts to drive the piston, and pushes the valve out of the cartridge through the linear push movement of the rod head;
7)气门被顶出至接料斗,转换挡板旋转打开,气门通过下落料道到达挡料门时,第一接近开关计数,气门通过挡料门留出的空隙调整空间位置,与后续的双滑道匹配下落,最后,气门沿双滑道到达止滑块处停止;7) The valve is ejected to the receiving hopper, the conversion baffle is rotated and opened, and when the valve reaches the material blocking door through the falling channel, the first proximity switch counts, and the air valve adjusts the space position through the gap left by the material blocking door, and the subsequent double The slideways match and fall, and finally, the valve stops at the stop slide block along the double slideways;
8)气动系统总成对各总成中的气动元件的启动时间、力矩、速度进行控制;8) The pneumatic system assembly controls the starting time, torque and speed of the pneumatic components in each assembly;
9)润滑系统总成对相对运动的零部件进行润滑;9) The lubricating system assembly lubricates the relative moving parts;
10)T形螺母和定位键实现方刀座在滑鞍总成的刀座滑块上的定位夹紧。10) The T-shaped nut and the positioning key realize the positioning and clamping of the square knife seat on the knife seat slider of the sliding saddle assembly.
本发明中机床床身以及加工平台设计为45度倾斜,使得切削力和工件重力方向一致,减小了切削振动,且通过重力作用方便了排屑,并消除了丝杠间隙,也为自动化设计提供了结构便利;主轴电机位置的合理布置,避免了电机工作时的振动和热量对工件加工造成的不利影响;30度倾斜轨道、弧形轨道和竖直轨道的三段路径拼接使气门下落的运动轨迹和运动速度易于控制,分料机构能实现按照生产节拍分出单个气门工件,放料机构实现准确放料;上料及落料总成通过支座绕转动轴逆时针旋转30度,气缸体对顶杆顶出,调整板绕释放转动轴顺时针旋转15度等操作实现气门工件的自动接料,上料;加工完毕后,主轴回转气缸通过顶杆将成品自动顶出;落料机构通过轨道配合和挡板控制实现快速落料;在数控机床系统内部,行程开关、接近开关、编码器、检测器、伺服电机等组成的控制系统,采集信息准确,反馈迅速,起到了精确控制总用。从而最终实现气门的高效率、高质量、高可靠性的全自动生产。In the present invention, the bed of the machine tool and the processing platform are designed to be inclined at 45 degrees, so that the cutting force is consistent with the gravity direction of the workpiece, reducing cutting vibration, and facilitates chip removal through the action of gravity, and eliminates the clearance of the lead screw, and is also designed for automation It provides convenient structure; the reasonable arrangement of the position of the spindle motor avoids the adverse effects of vibration and heat on the workpiece processing when the motor is working; the three-section path splicing of the 30-degree inclined track, the arc track and the vertical track makes the valve drop The movement trajectory and speed are easy to control. The material distribution mechanism can realize the separation of a single valve workpiece according to the production rhythm, and the discharge mechanism can realize accurate discharge; the feeding and blanking assembly rotates 30 degrees counterclockwise around the rotation axis through the support, and the cylinder body The ejector rod is ejected, and the adjustment plate rotates 15 degrees clockwise around the release rotation axis to realize automatic material receiving and loading of the valve workpiece; after processing, the spindle rotary cylinder automatically ejects the finished product through the ejector rod; the blanking mechanism passes Track coordination and baffle control realize fast blanking; inside the CNC machine tool system, the control system composed of travel switches, proximity switches, encoders, detectors, servo motors, etc., collects accurate information and provides rapid feedback, which plays a role in precise control. . Thus, the fully automatic production of valves with high efficiency, high quality and high reliability can be finally realized.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床的主视图;Fig. 1 is the front view of the special numerical control lathe for continuous automatic processing of engine valves of the present invention;
图2为本发明发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床的右侧视图;Fig. 2 is the right side view of the special numerical control lathe for continuous automatic machining of engine valves of the present invention;
图3为本发明发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床的左侧视图;Fig. 3 is the left view of the special numerical control lathe for continuous automatic processing of engine valves of the present invention;
图4为本发明床身基座总成的示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bed base assembly of the present invention;
图5为本发明床身基座总成各零部件的示意图;Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of each component of bed base assembly of the present invention;
图6为本发明分料及放料总成的示意图;Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of material distribution and discharging assembly of the present invention;
图7为本发明分料及放料总成的侧视图;Fig. 7 is a side view of the material distribution and discharge assembly of the present invention;
图8为本发明压轨道轴机构示意图;Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism for pressing the rail axis of the present invention;
图9为本发明自动分料机构的示意图;Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the automatic material distribution mechanism of the present invention;
图10为本发明自动放料机构的示意图;Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the automatic discharging mechanism of the present invention;
图11为本发明轨道夹紧机构的示意图;Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the track clamping mechanism of the present invention;
图12为本发明气门检测机构的示意图;Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the valve detection mechanism of the present invention;
图13为本发明连接机构的示意图;Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the connection mechanism of the present invention;
图14为本发明调整机构的示意图;Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
图15为本发明上料及落料总成的示意图;Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the feeding and blanking assembly of the present invention;
图16为本发明旋转接料机构的示意图;Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the rotary feeding mechanism of the present invention;
图17为本发明上料及落料总成的主视图;Fig. 17 is a front view of the feeding and blanking assembly of the present invention;
图18为本发明顶杆机构的示意图;Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the ejector mechanism of the present invention;
图19为本发明上料及落料总成各连接机构的示意图;Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of each connecting mechanism of the feeding and blanking assembly of the present invention;
图20为本发明上料及落料总成气动机构的示意图;Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic mechanism of the feeding and blanking assembly of the present invention;
图21为本发明落料机构的示意图;Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the blanking mechanism of the present invention;
图22为本发明主轴总成的示意图;Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the main shaft assembly of the present invention;
图23为本发明主轴组件的示意图;Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the spindle assembly of the present invention;
图24为本发明夹料及顶料总成的示意图;Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of the material clamping and ejecting assembly of the present invention;
图25为本发明夹料机构的示意图;Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention;
图26为本发明顶料机构的示意图;Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of the ejecting mechanism of the present invention;
图27为本发明活塞机构的示意图;Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the piston mechanism of the present invention;
图28为本发明夹料及顶料总成连接机构的示意图;Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of the connection mechanism of the clamping and ejecting assembly of the present invention;
图中,防护壳体总成1、床身基座总成2、滑鞍总成3、分料及放料总成4、In the figure, the
上料及落料总成5、主轴总成6、夹料及推料总成7、气动系统总成8、润滑系统总成9、刀座总成10、主轴电机输出机构21、Z轴移动机构22、可调节床身机构23、丝杠驱动电机221、联轴器222、电机座223、角接触轴承及油封件224、第一行程开关225、丝杠导轨226、轴承座227、压板及压盖228、丝杠229、床身231、连接支架232、垫铁233、第一调整杆234、输送轨道机构41、分料机构42、放料机构43、位置连接与调整机构44、轨道调整机构45、检测机构46、双侧板411、双侧板轨道412、上部倾斜双轨道413、上部弧型双轨道414、上部竖直双轨道415、轨道压轴416、调整条417、紧定手柄418、垫圈419、分料盘421、第一支架422、铰接点423、自润滑球头杆轴承组件424、分料活塞杆425、分料气缸体426、放料架431、放料爪销轴432、放料爪433、放料铰接点434、放料活塞杆435、放料气缸体436、支架铰接点437、第二支架438、调整单元441、基座442、第二支座443、第二调整板444、双滑杆445、杆座446、调节螺杆447、第二调整杆4411、调整座4412、调整块4413、可紧定手柄451、夹紧螺母452、板轴453、弹簧454、动调整板455、定调整板456、轴套457、检测杆461、测杆座462、调整螺母463、感应片464、第二接近开关465、第一检测座466、总支架467、上行接料机构51、左行顶料机构52、落料机构53、连接及辅助机构54、气缸机架511、第一机架铰接组件512、第一气缸体513、气缸活塞514、活塞铰接组件515、液压缓冲器支座516、液压缓冲器517、上行转动轴518、支架519、控制单元521、顶出单元522、托料板释放单元523、第二行程开关5211、第二检测座5212、限位块5213、行程杆5214、顶出气缸体5221、顶出气缸活塞5222、连接推板5223、主轴5224、轴承组件5225、连接轴组件5226、顶杆5227、顶轴5228、顶套5229、支架铰接组件5231、释放气缸5232、释放气缸活塞5233、第二机架铰接组件5234、释放转动轴5235、托料板5236、第一调整板5237、接料斗531、转换挡板532、转换轴533、下落料道534、挡料门535、挡料板536、双滑道537、第一接近开关538、止滑块539、底座541、底板542、接水盒543、调整螺杆组件544、底架545、主轴支撑座546、轴盖板547、第一支座548、检测支架549、支撑机构61、控制机构62、主轴组件机构63、主轴箱体611、带轮端盖612、前端盖613、后端盖614、编码器支座615、长轴套616、编码器621、编码器同步带轮622、编码器座623、编码器轴624、编码器同步带625、第一主轴631、主轴带轮632、垫圈633、同步带带轮634、轴承635、固定支撑机构71、夹料机构72、推料机构73、止转机架711、止转板712、连接套件713、轴承套件714、螺母715、端盖716、锥套座717、外拉杆721、内拉杆722、回转气缸723、夹料机构顶杆724、活塞杆725、活塞726、活塞法兰727、拉杆头728、弹夹头731、支撑套733、调节螺母732。Feeding and blanking assembly 5, spindle assembly 6, clamping and pushing assembly 7, pneumatic system assembly 8, lubrication system assembly 9, tool holder assembly 10, spindle motor output mechanism 21, Z-axis moving mechanism 22 , Adjustable bed mechanism 23, screw drive motor 221, coupling 222, motor seat 223, angular contact bearing and oil seal 224, first stroke switch 225, screw guide rail 226, bearing seat 227, pressure plate and gland 228, lead screw 229, bed 231, connecting bracket 232, pad iron 233, first adjustment rod 234, conveying track mechanism 41, material distribution mechanism 42, feeding mechanism 43, position connection and adjustment mechanism 44, track adjustment mechanism 45 , detection mechanism 46, double side plate 411, double side plate track 412, upper inclined double track 413, upper arc double track 414, upper vertical double track 415, track finale 416, adjustment bar 417, tightening handle 418, washer 419, distribution tray 421, first bracket 422, hinge point 423, self-lubricating ball end rod bearing assembly 424, distribution piston rod 425, distribution cylinder body 426, discharge rack 431, discharge claw pin 432, discharge Material claw 433, material discharge hinge point 434, material discharge piston rod 435, material discharge cylinder body 436, bracket hinge point 437, second bracket 438, adjustment unit 441, base 442, second support 443, second adjustment plate 444, double sliding rod 445, rod seat 446, adjusting screw 447, second adjusting rod 4411, adjusting seat 4412, adjusting block 4413, tightenable handle 451, clamping nut 452, plate shaft 453, spring 454, moving adjusting plate 455, fixed adjustment plate 456, shaft sleeve 457, detection rod 461, measuring rod seat 462, adjustment nut 463, induction sheet 464, second proximity switch 465, first detection seat 466, total support 467, upward material receiving mechanism 51, Left row jacking mechanism 52, blanking mechanism 53, connection and auxiliary mechanism 54, cylinder frame 511, first frame hinge assembly 512, first cylinder body 513, cylinder piston 514, piston hinge assembly 515, hydraulic buffer support Seat 516, hydraulic buffer 517, upward rotating shaft 518, bracket 519, control unit 521, ejection unit 522, support plate release unit 523, second stroke switch 5211, second detection seat 5212, limit block 5213, stroke Rod 5214, ejector cylinder block 5221, ejector cylinder piston 5222, connecting push plate 5223, main shaft 5224, bearing assembly 5225, connecting shaft assembly 5226, ejector rod 5227, ejector shaft 5228, top sleeve 5229, bracket hinge assembly 5231, release Cylinder 5232, release cylinder piston 5233, second frame hinge assembly 5234, release rotating shaft 5235, support plate 5236, first adjustment plate 5237, receiving hopper 531, conversion baffle plate 532, conversion shaft 533, falling material channel 534, Material blocking door 535, material blocking plate 536, double slideway 537, first proximity switch 538, anti-slip block 539, base 541, bottom plate 542, water receiving box 543, adjustment screw assembly 544, base frame 545, spindle support seat 546 , shaft cover plate 547, first support 548, detection bracket 549, support mechanism 61, control mechanism 62, spindle assembly mechanism 63, spindle housing 611, pulley end cover 612, front end cover 613, rear end cover 614, coding Device support 615, long shaft sleeve 616, encoder 621, encoder timing pulley 622, encoder seat 623, encoder shaft 624, encoder timing belt 625, first main shaft 631, main shaft pulley 632, washer 633, Synchronous belt pulley 634, bearing 635, fixed support mechanism 71, clamping mechanism 72, pushing mechanism 73, stop frame 711, stop plate 712, connection kit 713, bearing kit 714, nut 715, end cover 716, Taper sleeve seat 717, outer pull rod 721, inner pull rod 722, rotary cylinder 723, clamping mechanism ejector rod 724, piston rod 725, piston 726, piston flange 727, pull rod head 728, cartridge chuck 731, support sleeve 733, adjustment Nut 732.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1、2、3所示,一种发动机气门连续全自动加工专用数控车床,包括防护总成1、床身基座总成2、滑鞍总成3、分料及放料总成4、上料及落料总成5、主轴总成6、夹料及推料总成7、气动系统总成8、润滑系统总成9和刀座总成10。As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a special CNC lathe for continuous automatic machining of engine valves, including a
床身基座总成2下部和地面固连,上部与滑鞍总成3可动支承连接,防护壳体总成1以床身基座总成2为支撑,安装在机体外部,滑鞍总成3上部与刀座总成10可拆卸连接,刀座总成10下部对应主轴总成6和夹料及推料总成7,两者通过连接件可拆卸连接,主轴总成6的上部通过连接件安装有上料及落料总成5,和上料及落料总成5相匹配,并在其右下方的夹料及推料总成7相对主轴总成6成直线安装,气动系统总成8安装在机床体左侧,润滑系统总成9安装在机床体右侧。The lower part of the bed base assembly 2 is fixedly connected to the ground, and the upper part is connected with the movable support of the sliding saddle assembly 3. The
防护壳体总成1起保护各总成作用,床身基座总成2起支撑各总成作用,滑鞍总成3负责刀座的三自由度运动,分料及放料总成4对工件进行分拣和单个放料,上料及落料总成5对工件进行装夹和对成品进行落料收集,主轴总成6实现工件加工旋转运动,夹料及推料总成7对工件夹紧和对成品推出。气动系统总成8提供气动力,润滑系统总成9对各个移动部件进行润滑,刀座总成10装夹刀具。The
如图4、5,床身基座总成2包括主轴电机输出机构21、Z轴移动机构22、可调节床身机构23,Z轴移动机构22包括丝杠驱动电机221、联轴器222、电机座223、轴承及油封224、行程开关225、丝杠导轨226、轴承座227、压板及压盖228、丝杠229,可调节床身机构23包括床身231、连接支架232、垫铁233、调整杆234。As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the bed base assembly 2 includes a spindle
主轴电机输出机构21和Z轴移动机构22和可调节床身机构23可拆卸连接,可调节床身机构通过四个垫铁233和地面固定,第一调整杆234连接垫铁233和床身231,连接支架232和床身231通过螺栓连接,丝杠驱动电机221通过电机座223和床身螺栓连接,电机轴通过联轴器222和丝杠229连接,压板及压盖228通过螺栓螺母和轴承座227可拆卸连接,丝杠两端由轴承座227支撑,轴承座227装有角接触轴承及油封件224,丝杠导轨226通过螺栓固定在床身231上,丝杠导轨中部装有第一行程开关225;床身231与水平面呈45度倾斜;The spindle
工作时,通过对调整杆234高度进行调整,可以调节机床的角度,床身231设计为45度倾斜,使得切削力和工件重力方向一致,减小了切削振动,且通过重力作用方便了排屑,并消除了丝杠间隙,也为自动化设计提供了结构便利。将主轴电机安装在机床下部,避免了电机工作时的振动和热量对工件加工造成的不利影响,行程开关224的设置为滑鞍3的移动提供了信息参考,有利于对刀座移动进行精确控制。丝杠驱动电机221属于精密伺服控制电机,驱动滑鞍总成3在两侧丝杠导轨226的导向下实现Z轴的精确位移。During work, the angle of the machine tool can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the
如图6,所述的分料及放料总成4包括输送轨道机构41、分料机构42、放料机构43、位置连接与调整机构44、轨道调整机构45、检测机构46,如图7、图8,输送轨道机构41包括双侧板411、双侧板轨道412、上部倾斜双轨道413、上部弧型双轨道414、上部竖直双轨道415、轨道压轴416、调整条417、紧定手柄418、垫圈419;如图9所示,分料机构42包括分料盘421、第一支架422、铰接点423、自润滑球头杆轴承组件424、分料活塞杆425、分料气缸体426;如图10,放料机构43包括放料架431、放料爪销轴432、放料爪433、放料铰接点434、放料活塞杆435、放料气缸体436、支架铰接点437、第二支架438;如图13、图14所示,位置连接与调整机构44包括调整单元441、基座442、第二支座443、第二调整板444、双滑杆445、杆座446、调节螺杆447;调整单元441包括第二调整杆4411、调整座4412、调整块4413;如图11,轨道调整机构45包括可紧定手柄451、夹紧螺母452、板轴453、弹簧454、动调整板455、定调整板456、轴套457;检测机构46包括检测杆461、测杆座462、调整螺母463、感应片464、第二接近开关465、第一检测座466、总支架467;As shown in Figure 6, the described material distribution and discharge assembly 4 includes a conveying track mechanism 41, a material distribution mechanism 42, a material discharge mechanism 43, a position connection and adjustment mechanism 44, a track adjustment mechanism 45, and a detection mechanism 46, as shown in Figure 7, Fig. 8, the conveying track mechanism 41 comprises double side plate 411, double side plate track 412, upper inclined double track 413, upper arc double track 414, upper vertical double track 415, track finale 416, adjustment bar 417, tightening handle 418, gasket 419; as shown in Figure 9, the material distribution mechanism 42 includes a material distribution plate 421, a first bracket 422, a hinge point 423, a self-lubricating ball end rod bearing assembly 424, a material distribution piston rod 425, and a material distribution cylinder body 426 ; As shown in Figure 10, the discharge mechanism 43 includes a discharge rack 431, a discharge claw pin 432, a discharge claw 433, a discharge hinge point 434, a discharge piston rod 435, a discharge cylinder body 436, a support hinge point 437, The second bracket 438; as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, the position connection and adjustment mechanism 44 includes an adjustment unit 441, a base 442, a second support 443, a second adjustment plate 444, double slide bars 445, a rod seat 446, Adjustment screw rod 447; adjustment unit 441 includes second adjustment rod 4411, adjustment seat 4412, adjustment block 4413; as shown in Figure 11, track adjustment mechanism 45 includes tightenable handle 451, clamping nut 452, plate shaft 453, spring 454, moving Adjustment plate 455, fixed adjustment plate 456, shaft sleeve 457; detection mechanism 46 includes detection rod 461, measuring rod seat 462, adjustment nut 463, induction plate 464, second proximity switch 465, first detection seat 466, total support 467;
分料及放料总成4通过基座442和床身螺栓连接,两个调整单元441和基座442固连,第二调整杆4411和调整座4412可伸缩连接,调整块4413和第二调整板444固连,第二调整板444上安装有双滑杆445,双滑杆445上可滑动连接两个杆座446,调节螺杆447与杆座446中心螺纹副连接,双侧板411和双杆座446固连,双侧板411上部紧贴布置有双侧板轨道412,与双侧板轨道412平行布置有上部倾斜双轨道413、上部弧型双轨道414、上部竖直双轨道415,轨道压轴416通过调整条417、紧定手柄418、垫圈419和双侧板411固连,动调整板455、定调整板456和侧板固连,轴套457和动、定调整板可拆卸连接,板轴453和轴套457配合,其上套接有弹簧454,可紧定手柄451通过夹紧螺母452和动、定调整板连接,第一支架422和侧板螺栓连接,并通过铰接点423和分料气缸体426连接,分料气缸体426和分料活塞杆425可滑动连接,分料活塞杆425通过自润滑球头杆轴承组件424和分料盘421连接,放料活塞杆435、放料气缸体436、支架铰接点437、第二支架438的连接方式和分料机构相同,放料活塞杆435通过放料铰接点434和放料爪433可转动连接,放料爪433通过放料爪销轴432和放料架431可转动连接,总支架467和侧板螺栓连接,第一检测座466和总支架467螺栓连接,第二接近开关465安装在第一检测座466上,感应片464、检测杆461均和测杆座462连接,调整螺母463和测杆座462可调节连接。The distribution and
工作时,通过对两个调整杆4411长度的调整,可以调节调整板444在平面x轴和y轴上的位置,对调节螺杆447进行旋转调节,可以改变双侧板411在z轴的位置,上述操作可以实现放料口在空间上的调整,匹配准确的放料位置。在轨道调整机构45的夹紧调节和轨道压轴416的压力调节下,上下部轨道可以对气门的头部稳定支撑,从而使气门下落过程更加平稳,30度倾斜轨道、弧形轨道和竖直轨道的三段路径拼接使气门下落的运动轨迹和运动速度易于控制。分料盘421卡接在双轨道中的缺口正好与气门形状匹配,初始时可以将落下的气门件组挡住,一个上料节拍结束后,分料气缸体426驱动活塞杆425,通过自润滑球头杆轴承组件424带动分料盘421往下摆动一个角度,使缺口处卡接的单个气门通过,分料盘421的弧形面同时继续阻挡住上部的气门件组,该动作完成后,气缸活塞带动分料盘421回复,一次分料完成。放料爪433初始时通过放料爪盘封住双轨道,从分料机构落下的单个气门就停留在放料爪433上,当放料信号传到时,放料气缸体436驱动活塞杆435,435拉动放料爪433,放料爪433绕销轴432转动一个角度,释放轨道空间,气门得以通过。检测杆461通过对气门进行接触,从而得到气门通过的数量、时间、速度等参数,反馈至中央控制器,从而确定各个机构的工作节拍。During work, by adjusting the length of the two
如图15,上料及落料总成5包括上行接料机构51、左行顶料机构52、落料机构53、连接及辅助机构54;如图16,上行接料机构51包括气缸机架511、第一机架铰接组件512、第一气缸体513、气缸活塞514、活塞铰接组件515、液压缓冲器支座516、液压缓冲器517、上行转动轴518、气缸支架519;如图16、17、18、19所示,左行顶料机构52包括控制单元521、顶出单元522、托料板释放单元523;控制单元521包括第二行程开关5211、第二检测座5212、限位块5213、行程杆5214;顶出单元522包括顶出气缸体5221、顶出气缸活塞5222、连接推板5223、主轴5224、轴承组件5225、连接轴组件5226、顶杆5227、顶轴5228、顶套5229;托料板释放单元523包括支架铰接组件5231、释放气缸5232、释放气缸活塞5233、第二机架铰接组件5234、释放转动轴5235、托料板5236、第一调整板5237;如图21,落料机构53包括接料斗531、转换挡板532、转换轴533、下落料道534、挡料门535、挡料板536、双滑道537、第一接近开关538、止滑块539;如图19、20,连接及辅助机构54包括底座541、底板542、接水盒543、调整螺杆组件544、底架545、主轴支撑座546、轴盖板547、第一支座548、检测支架549;As shown in Figure 15, the feeding and blanking assembly 5 includes an upward material receiving mechanism 51, a left-hand material jacking mechanism 52, a material blanking mechanism 53, a connecting and auxiliary mechanism 54; as shown in Figure 16, the upward material receiving mechanism 51 includes a cylinder frame 511 , the first frame hinge assembly 512, the first cylinder block 513, the cylinder piston 514, the piston hinge assembly 515, the hydraulic buffer support 516, the hydraulic buffer 517, the upward rotating shaft 518, and the cylinder bracket 519; as shown in Figures 16 and 17 , 18, and 19, the left-hand ejector mechanism 52 includes a control unit 521, an ejection unit 522, and a support plate release unit 523; the control unit 521 includes a second stroke switch 5211, a second detection seat 5212, and a limit block 5213 , stroke rod 5214; ejector unit 522 includes ejector cylinder body 5221, ejector cylinder piston 5222, connecting push plate 5223, main shaft 5224, bearing assembly 5225, connecting shaft assembly 5226, ejector rod 5227, ejector shaft 5228, top sleeve 5229 The supporting plate release unit 523 includes a support hinge assembly 5231, a release cylinder 5232, a release cylinder piston 5233, a second frame hinge assembly 5234, a release rotating shaft 5235, a support plate 5236, and a first adjustment plate 5237; as shown in Figure 21, The blanking mechanism 53 includes a hopper 531, a conversion baffle plate 532, a conversion shaft 533, a falling material channel 534, a material retaining door 535, a material retaining plate 536, double slideways 537, the first proximity switch 538, and a slide block 539; 19 and 20, the connection and auxiliary mechanism 54 includes a base 541, a bottom plate 542, a water receiving box 543, an adjustment screw assembly 544, a bottom frame 545, a main shaft support seat 546, a shaft cover plate 547, a first support 548, and a detection bracket 549 ;
底座541和床身固连,底板542和底座541固连,底架545和底板542可拆卸连接,调整螺杆组件544和底板542螺栓连接,底架545通过轴承连接上行转动轴518,上行转动轴518和第一支座548可转动连接,底板542和气缸机架511螺栓连接,气缸机架511通过第一机架铰接组件512和第一气缸体513可转动连接,第一气缸体513和气缸活塞514可滑动连接,气缸活塞514通过活塞铰接组件515和气缸支架519可动连接,在底板542上还固连有液压缓冲器支座516,液压缓冲器517与液压缓冲器支座516固连,主轴支撑座546和第一支座548螺栓连接,轴盖板547和主轴支撑座546螺栓连接,主轴支撑座546上套接有主轴5224,轴盖板547上还螺栓连接有顶出气缸体5221,顶出气缸活塞5222、主轴5224和行程杆5214通过左右两侧的连接推板5223平行连接,行程杆5214上连接有限位块5213,在行程杆上部与第二检测座5212和检测支架549固连,第二检测座5212上连接有三个第二行程开关5211,主轴5224套接有轴承组件5225,并通过连接轴组件5226连接顶杆5227和顶轴5228,顶轴5228末端连接有顶套5229,检测支架549通过支架铰接组件5231连接释放气缸5232,气缸5232和释放气缸活塞5233可滑动连接,释放气缸活塞5233通过第二机架铰接组件5234和托料板5236可转动连接,托料板5236通过释放转动轴5235可转动连接,第一调整板5237和托料板5236可移动连接,第一调整板5237末端固连有V型接块,接水盒543和底座541固连,接料斗531、下落料道534和底座541固连,转换挡板532通过转换轴533和接料斗531固连,挡料门535和下落料道534固连,挡料门535上装有第一接近开关538,挡料板536和下落料道534末端构成缝隙出口,双滑道537与下落料道固连,其末端固连有止滑块539。The base 541 is fixed to the bed, the base 542 is fixed to the base 541, the base 545 and the base 542 are detachably connected, the adjusting screw assembly 544 is connected to the base 542 by bolts, the base 545 is connected to the upward rotating shaft 518 through a bearing, and the upward rotating shaft 518 and the first bearing 548 are rotatably connected, and the bottom plate 542 is bolted to the cylinder frame 511, and the cylinder frame 511 is rotatably connected to the first cylinder block 513 through the first frame hinge assembly 512, and the first cylinder block 513 and the cylinder The piston 514 is slidably connected, the cylinder piston 514 is movably connected to the cylinder bracket 519 through the piston hinge assembly 515, and the hydraulic buffer support 516 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 542, and the hydraulic buffer 517 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic buffer support 516 , the main shaft support seat 546 is bolted to the first support 548, the shaft cover 547 is bolted to the main shaft support seat 546, the main shaft 5224 is sleeved on the main shaft support seat 546, and the shaft cover 547 is also bolted to eject the cylinder block 5221, the ejection cylinder piston 5222, the main shaft 5224 and the stroke rod 5214 are connected in parallel through the connecting push plates 5223 on the left and right sides. Fixed connection, the second detection seat 5212 is connected with three second travel switches 5211, the main shaft 5224 is sleeved with a bearing assembly 5225, and the push rod 5227 and the top shaft 5228 are connected through the connecting shaft assembly 5226, and the end of the top shaft 5228 is connected with a top sleeve 5229, the detection bracket 549 is connected to the release cylinder 5232 through the bracket hinge assembly 5231, the cylinder 5232 is slidably connected to the release cylinder piston 5233, and the release cylinder piston 5233 is rotatably connected to the support plate 5236 through the second frame hinge assembly 5234, and the support plate 5236 is rotatably connected by releasing the rotating shaft 5235, the first adjustment plate 5237 and the support plate 5236 are movably connected, the end of the first adjustment plate 5237 is fixedly connected with a V-shaped joint block, the water box 543 is fixedly connected with the base 541, and the hopper 531, the falling material channel 534 is fixedly connected with the base 541, the conversion baffle plate 532 is fixedly connected with the receiving hopper 531 through the conversion shaft 533, the material blocking door 535 is fixedly connected with the falling material channel 534, and the first proximity switch 538 is installed on the material blocking door 535 , the material baffle plate 536 and the end of the falling material channel 534 form a gap outlet, and the double slideways 537 are fixedly connected with the falling material channel, and the ends are fixedly connected with a non-sliding block 539 .
工作时,调整螺杆组件544可以对总成的位置进行调节,使其与放料机构和落料处位置相匹配,第一气缸体513推动活塞杆514向上运动,活塞杆514通过活塞铰接组件515带动支架519,支架519再通过连接部件最终带动整个第一支座548绕转动轴518逆时针旋转30°,使托料板5236与放料机构下端的楔形出料口平行,实现无角度接料,并且调整板5237上的V型接块和气门形状匹配,便于固定气门的初始位置。接料完毕后,顶出气缸体5221驱动顶出活塞杆5222,活塞杆5222通过末端连接的连接推板5223实现对主轴5224的顶出和回复驱动,主轴5224通过连接轴组件5226驱动顶杆5227和顶轴5228,使顶轴5228末端连接的顶套5229对放置于调整板5237上的气门工件进行顶出上料操作,上料完毕后,顶出气缸体5221回复,顶套5228回到初始位置,在整个顶出上料过程中,三个行程开关5211通过采集活塞杆的位置数据,反馈到控制系统,实现顶出上料过程的精确控制,为了避免干涉,顶出机构的末端设计有拖板释放单元,当气门将被顶入夹具总成7时,释放气缸体5232驱动活塞杆5233,活塞杆5233通过机架铰接组件5234推动托料板5236以及其上的调整板5237和V型接块绕释放转动轴5235顺时针旋转15度,从而实现气门的无干涉装夹。液压缓冲器517对各个运动有减振缓冲效果,使整个顶料和落料过程平稳进行,接水盒543对冷却液的循环起到了作用。气门加工完毕后,被顶出至接料斗531,转换挡板532可绕转换轴533旋转,平时其上端顶住第一支座548,此时旋转打开,气门通过,当气门通过下落料道534到达挡料门535时,接近开关538计数,气门通过挡料门535留出的空隙调整空间位置,与后续的双滑道537匹配,最后,气门沿双滑道到达止滑块539处停止。When working, the
如图22,主轴总成6包括支撑机构61、控制机构62、主轴组件机构63,如图23,控制机构62包括编码器621、编码器同步带轮622、编码器座623、编码器轴624、编码器同步带625,主轴组件机构63包括第一主轴631、主轴带轮632、垫圈633、同步带带轮634、轴承635,As shown in Figure 22, the spindle assembly 6 includes a
主轴箱体611和床身基座总成2螺栓连接,床身基座总成2上的主轴电机传送带215和主轴带轮632配合,带轮端盖612对主轴带轮632定位夹紧,同步带带轮634通过垫圈633和后端盖614定位,同步带带轮634上配合有同步带625,同步带另一端和编码器同步带轮622配合,固定在主轴箱体611上的编码器支座615,其上连接有编码器621,第一主轴631上有长轴套616对各零部件进行定位,轴体通过三对角接触轴承635和箱体611连接,前端盖613通过螺栓和夹料及推料总成7连接。The
工作时,带将主轴电机动力传入主轴带轮632,通过中间连接件带动主轴631旋转,该运动是主运动,同时,同步带机构将主轴旋转速度准确反应到编码器623上,从而编码器623可以将数据反馈至控制系统,实现对主轴转速的精确控制,主轴通过端盖613和612将运动传递至夹料及推料总成7。When working, the belt transmits the power of the main shaft motor to the
如图24,夹料及推料总成7包括固定支撑机构71、夹料机构72、推料机构73,如图25、26、27、28,固定支撑机构71包括止转机架711、止转板712、连接套件713、轴承套件714、螺母715、端盖716、锥套座717;夹料机构72包括外拉杆721、内拉杆722、回转气缸723、夹料机构顶杆724、活塞杆725、活塞726、活塞法兰727、拉杆头728;推料机构73包括弹夹头731、支撑套733、调节螺母732;As shown in Figure 24, the clamping and pushing
止转机架711和床身固连,止转板712一端和止转机架711固连,另一端和回转气缸723固连,端盖716和锥套座717螺栓连接回转气缸723连接有外拉杆721,外拉杆721内部套接内拉杆722,内拉杆722连接活塞726,活塞726和活塞杆725固连,活塞杆725通过活塞法兰727连接拉杆头728,拉杆头728套接弹夹头731,拉杆尾部通过连接套件713和轴承套件714与主轴总成6连接,并且通过螺母715进行固定夹紧,支撑套733套接在弹夹头731和锥套座717之间。The
弹夹头731对气门工件夹紧,加工完成后,回转气缸723启动,驱动活塞726,通过活塞杆725和拉杆头728的直线推出运动,将气门从弹夹头731中顶出。The
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Denomination of invention: Special CNC lathe and its method for continuous and fully automatic machining of engine valves Effective date of registration: 20231206 Granted publication date: 20230606 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Development Zone Jinhua subbranch Pledgor: ZHEJIANG JINTANG MACHINE TOOL Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980069714 |
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