CN107564794A - A kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier and its photomultiplier transit method - Google Patents
A kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier and its photomultiplier transit method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107564794A CN107564794A CN201610513363.4A CN201610513363A CN107564794A CN 107564794 A CN107564794 A CN 107564794A CN 201610513363 A CN201610513363 A CN 201610513363A CN 107564794 A CN107564794 A CN 107564794A
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- multiplication
- multiplication units
- photoelectron
- photon
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier, for detecting photon, including：First multiplication units manufacture multiplication photon amount, the second multiplication units convert the photon after the multiplication to photoelectron, and the photoelectron that doubles to be to obtain output electric signal, wherein first multiplication units include：Printing opacity cell-shell, its inner vacuum seals and accommodates high voltage power supply lead, fluorophor, and the printing opacity cell-shell inner surface is coated with photocathode, wherein described high voltage power supply lead is respectively close to the photocathode and the fluorophor, electronics accelerating field is formed, second multiplication units obtain the photon after the multiplication close to the fluorophor, and further amplification forms detectable electric signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photoelectric multiplier, more particularly to a kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier for weak light detection
And its photomultiplier transit method.
Background technology
Traditional photomultiplier technology principle, it is that light extraction is discharged by the photocathode on photoelectric multiplier after by illumination
Electronics, the dynode of directive first under electric field action, cause the Secondary Emission of electronics, inspire more electronics, Ran Hou
Next dynode is flown under electric field action, inspires more electronics again.Such electron number constantly doubles, and this makes photoelectricity times
It is much higher to increase the common photoelectric tube of remolding sensitivity of device, can be used to detect faint optical signal.
And the large-scale vacuum photon multiplier device of existing weak light detection（Large-scale photon multiplier device refers to that light sensitive area is straight
Footpath is more than 200 millimeters）, internal structure is complicated, and the production cycle is longer, with high costs, it is known that following routine techniques is this hair
Prior art before bright mixed type photoelectric multiplier and its photomultiplier transit method.
Japanese patent application discloses No. 7-245078；
Japanese patent application discloses No. 4-315758；
WO98/33202；
U.S. Patent No. 5,914,561；
Chinese Patent Application No.：200580047243- electron multiplier units and the photoelectric multiplier for including it.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier and its photomultiplier transit method, with dim light
Field of detecting improves the detectivity of electron multiplier, simplifies overall structure and further reduces production cost.
To achieve these goals, according to the invention provides a kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier, for detecting photon, its
Include：First multiplication units manufacture multiplication photon amount, the second multiplication units convert the photon after the multiplication to photoelectron, and
Photoelectron double to obtain output electric signal, wherein first multiplication units include：Printing opacity cell-shell, its inner vacuum seal simultaneously
High voltage power supply lead, fluorophor are accommodated, and the printing opacity cell-shell inner surface is coated with photocathode, wherein the high voltage power supply
Lead forms electronics accelerating field, second multiplication units are close to institute respectively close to the photocathode and the fluorophor
State fluorophor and obtain the photon after the multiplication, and further amplification forms detectable electric signal.
Further, the printing opacity cell-shell is made up of thickness 2-5mm glass material, and integral sealing.
Further, the printing opacity cell-shell includes：First module portion is in spherical, and second unit portion is in single by described first
The spherical of first portion is excessively gradually downwards tubulose, and one end is closed in the pipe, is changed with being formed out of described printing opacity cell-shell
Platform, wherein the second unit portion are covered in second multiplication units, so that second multiplication units are close to the transfer table.
Further, the first module portion of the printing opacity cell-shell is diametrically spherical in more than 200mm.
Further, the fluorophor, it is the device that a large amount of photons under the exciting of high speed photoelectronic, can be produced, uses
Scintillation crystal or processing film technique are so that photoelectron to be converted into the light-emitting film body of a large amount of photons.
Further, the high-voltage power-line side is powered with external high voltage power supply, and opposite side positive pole sets the fluorescence
At body and high-pressure source positive pole, its negative pole are arranged on high-pressure source negative pole at the photocathode, and the high voltage power supply
It is preferred that 15KV-30KV, to form electronics accelerating field, the photoelectron that forces the photocathode to be changed flies at a high speed described glimmering
Body of light is exported with changing and increasing to again photon.
Further, second multiplication units are at least partially housed in first multiplication units, and described second
Multiplication units include：Converting unit, electron-multiplying unit, wherein the converting unit is close to the transfer table and its institute of carrying
State fluorophor, to obtain the photon after the multiplication and be converted into photoelectron, for the electron-multiplying unit double photoelectron,
And then obtain output electric signal.
Further, wherein second multiplication units are photomultiplier.
Further, wherein second multiplication units are photomultiplier, and it is in divide with first multiplication units
From combination form.
To achieve these goals, another aspect of the present invention additionally provides a kind of mixed type photoelectricity multiplication method, including：The
The photocathode converted photons of one multiplication units are to photoelectron；Photoelectron is guided to fly to fluorophor to turn by electronics accelerating field
Change photon into and the photon amount that doubles；The photocathode of the converting unit of second multiplication units changes the photon after the multiplication to light
Electronics；Electron-multiplying unit obtains output electric signal after the photoelectron that doubles.
By a kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier provided by the invention and its photomultiplier transit method, pass through above-mentioned brand new technical
Scheme, upgrading can be carried out to the photomultiplier of existing muting sensitivity, and then effectively reduce existing weak light detection
The cost of photomultiplier in field, and the sensitivity of the photomultiplier of prior art has further been obviously improved, to expand
Its big investigative range, overall structure is greatly simplify compared with the scheme of existing other technologies route, is advantageous to promote and real
Apply.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawing for forming the part of the application is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its illustrate to be used to explain the present invention, do not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall structure diagram of mixed type photoelectric multiplier of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of logical schematic of mixed type photoelectricity multiplication method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of logical schematic of mixed type photoelectricity multiplication method of the present invention.
Embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can phase
Mutually combination.Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
In order that those skilled in the art is better understood from the present invention program, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
Accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
The embodiment of a part of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, in ordinary skill
Personnel do not make the every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work, should all belong to the protection model of the present invention
Enclose.
It should be noted that term " first " in description and claims of this specification and above-mentioned accompanying drawing, "
Two " etc. be for distinguishing similar object, without for describing specific order or precedence.It should be appreciated that so use
Data can exchange in the appropriate case, so as to embodiments of the invention described herein can with except illustrating herein or
Order beyond those of description is implemented.In addition, term " comprising " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that cover
Cover non-exclusive include.
Traditional photomultiplier technology principle, it is that light extraction is discharged by the photocathode on photoelectric multiplier after by illumination
Electronics, the dynode of directive first under electric field action, cause the Secondary Emission of electronics, inspire more electronics, Ran Hou
Next dynode is flown under electric field action, inspires more electronics again.Such electron number constantly doubles, and this makes photoelectricity times
It is much higher to increase the common photoelectric tube of remolding sensitivity of device, can be used to detect faint optical signal.
And the mixed type photoelectric multiplier of the present invention, then employing entirely different brand new technical route is designed, principle
On be to be doubled in itself by the photon to being detected, so as to effectively expand miniature photomultiplier or detectivity compared with
The investigative range of low Traditional photovoltaic multiplier tube, after by the common compact photomultiplier converting photons be photoelectron, and
Double photoelectron, final to obtain output electric signal, and then effectively reduces the photomultiplier in existing weak light detection field
Cost, while the present invention reachable ± 120 ゜ of photoelectron collection angle, overall light cathode quantum efficiency more than 30%, photoelectron
Collection rate 100%, and then overall light cathode quantum efficiency and photoelectron collection rate greatly improved, and overall structure simplifies, favorably
In implementation and promote.
Specifically, the photocathode on mixed type photoelectric multiplier of the invention is after by illumination, the photoelectron discharged,
Under by electric field action after directive fluorophor 13, the photoelectron can then be converted into a large amount of photons, so as to meet that detectivity is relatively low
Photomultiplier can also detect photon, or the photon amplified through fluorophor 13 is converted into by cheap miniature photomultiplier
Electric signal.I.e. a kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier of the invention includes：First multiplication units manufacture multiplication photon amount；Second multiplication
Unit converts the photon after the multiplication to photoelectron, and the photoelectron that doubles to be to obtain output electric signal, wherein described first times
Increasing unit includes：Printing opacity cell-shell, its inner vacuum seal and accommodate high voltage power supply lead, fluorophor, and the printing opacity cell-shell
Inner surface is coated with photocathode, wherein the negative pole of the high voltage power supply lead is connected with the photocathode, high voltage power supply is drawn
The positive pole of line is connected with the fluorophor, forms electronics accelerating field, and second multiplication units obtain close to the fluorophor
The photon to be doubled by first multiplication units, and further amplification forms detectable electric signal.
To further illustrate, referring specifically to a kind of preferable implementation for mixed type photoelectric multiplier that Fig. 1 is the present invention
Mode, wherein the hybrid optical electricity multiplier includes：First multiplication units 1, it is after the second multiplication units 2 provide multiplication
Photon, so that the second multiplication units 2 are converted into photoelectron, and the photoelectron that doubles, it is final to obtain output electric signal.
Wherein described first multiplication units 1 include：Printing opacity cell-shell 11, is made of clear material, preferred thick in the present embodiment
Degree 2-5mm glass material is made, and integral sealing, wherein the printing opacity cell-shell 11 include：First module portion 111 diametrically exists
More than 200mm's is spherical, second unit portion 112 be in by first module portion 111 it is spherical downwards gradually excessively be tubulose, and
One end is closed in the pipe, to form transfer table 113 out of this printing opacity cell-shell 11, wherein the second unit portion 112 cover on this second
In multiplication units 2, so that the second multiplication units 2 are close to the transfer table 113.
Further, the inside of the printing opacity cell-shell 11 is vacuum state, with by vacuum seal means by photocathode 12, it is glimmering
Body of light 13 and high voltage power supply lead 14 are enclosed in inside it.Specifically, the photocathode 12 is usually, by a variety of alkali metal or alkali
Earth metal presses technological process, film of the coating by vaporization in the inner surface of the printing opacity cell-shell 11.When Uv and visible light transmission of photons glass bulb
Beat when on photocathode 12, be convertible into photoelectron.
Wherein fluorophor 13, it is a kind of device that a large amount of photons under the exciting of high speed photoelectronic, can be produced, using sudden strain of a muscle
Bright crystal or processing film technique are preferably light-emitting film body in the present invention, wherein should so that photoelectron is converted into a large amount of photons
Fluorophor 13 is arranged on the transfer table 113, and the side of high-voltage power-line 14 is powered with external high voltage power supply, and opposite side positive pole is set
Near fluorophor 13 and high-pressure source positive pole, negative pole are arranged on the surface high-pressure source negative pole of printing opacity cell-shell 11（High pressure
The preferred 15KV-30KV of power supply）, the energy of photoelectron high-speed flight is thereby provided and controls flight path, it is external by adjusting this
High voltage power supply, in the presence of electronics accelerating field, the fluorescence will be flown at a high speed by the photoelectron that the photocathode 12 is changed
Body 13, exported so as to realize to change the photoelectron and increase to photon again.
Further, the second multiplication units 2 are at least partially housed in inside first multiplication units 1, and described second times
Increasing unit 2 includes：Converting unit 21, electron-multiplying unit 22, the wherein converting unit 21 are close to the transfer table 113 and its carrying
The fluorophor 13, be converted into photoelectron into the converting unit 21 to obtain the photon after multiplication, and fly to the electronics times
Increase at unit 22, and then the photoelectron that doubles, it is final to obtain output electric signal.
Wherein second multiplication units 2 only give basic embodiment in an embodiment of the present invention, but are not limiting as
Or the photomultiplier and its technology of negative prior art cannot be used among embodiments of the invention, it is necessary to illustrate, now
Deposit all to gather photon and be converted into the technical scheme of photoelectron and output of doubling, belong to taking off for second multiplication units 2
Demonstration is enclosed and is combined and can be carried out with the first multiplication units 1 in the range of embodiments of the invention, in addition according to existing
Photomultiplier directly substitutes second multiplication units 2, can also realize beneficial effects of the present invention.
In a further preferred embodiment, the first multiplication units 1 of mixed type photoelectric multiplier of the invention and the second multiplication
Unit 2 is in Separable combination form, i.e., according to the volume of the second multiplication units 2, shape or sensitivity situation and first multiplication
Unit 1 is adapted to, and specifically, the second multiplication units 2 are preferably the photomultiplier of existing various models, and existing light
The detecting head part of electric multiplier tube has different shape such as elliposoidal, straight pipe shape etc., therefore the second of first multiplication units 1
Unit portion 112 is then covered in the form of being adapted at the detecting head, and then it is glimmering to promote the detecting head to be carried on the transfer table 113
Body of light 13, thereby first multiplication units 1 be combined in a manner of adaptation with the photomultiplier of existing various models,
To transform existing photomultiplier, and then cost is not only saved, while effectively raise the photoelectricity times of prior art
Increase the sensitivity of pipe, to expand its investigative range.
According to above-described embodiment, those skilled in the art can have found without creative work, above-mentioned first multiplication units 1
Can integrally change structure with the second multiplication units 2, i.e., by the printing opacity cell-shell 11 of the first multiplication units 1 provided by the invention within
Vacuum state, the converting unit 21 of second multiplication units 2 is wrapped in, or the printing opacity cell-shell 11 is wrapped in this with vacuum state
Second multiplication units 2 are integrated with accommodating, and then according to the structure, can be merged with the structure of existing photomultiplier, with
Form integral structure.
A kind of mixed type photoelectricity multiplication method that Fig. 2 to Fig. 3 is the present invention is referred to, its method includes：
Using the first multiplication units 1 multiplication photon amount；
Obtained for the second multiplication units 2, to be converted to photoelectron and double.
Specifically, photomultiplier transit method of the invention is by setting the first multiplication units 1, with the photon amount that doubles, that is, adopting
With the photocathode converted photons of the first multiplication units 1 to photoelectron, after by electronics accelerating field to guide photoelectron to fly to glimmering
Body of light is to be converted into photon and after the photon amount that doubles；Changed for the photocathode of the converting unit 21 of second multiplication units 2
To photoelectron, and the electron-multiplying unit 22 is flown to after the photoelectron that doubles, it is final to obtain output electric signal.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of mixed type photoelectric multiplier, for detecting photon, its spy is being to include：First multiplication units（1）Manufacture times
Add lustre to sub- amount, the second multiplication units（2）The photon after the multiplication is converted to photoelectron, and the photoelectron that doubles is electric to obtain output
Signal, wherein first multiplication units（1）Including：Printing opacity cell-shell（11）, its inner vacuum seals and accommodates high voltage power supply
Lead（14）, fluorophor（13）, and the printing opacity cell-shell（11）Inner surface is coated with photocathode（12）, wherein the high-tension electricity
Source lead（14）It is separately positioned on the photocathode and the fluorophor（13）Place, formation electronics accelerating field, described second
Multiplication units（2）Close to the fluorophor（13）The photon after the multiplication is obtained, and further amplification forms detectable electricity
Signal.
A kind of 2. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The printing opacity cell-shell（11）For thickness
Degree 2-5mm glass material is made, and integral sealing.
A kind of 3. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The printing opacity cell-shell（11）Bag
Include：First module portion（111）In spherical, second unit portion（112）In by the first module portion（111）It is spherical downwards
Be excessively gradually tubulose, and one end closing in the pipe, with from the printing opacity cell-shell（11）Interior formation transfer table（113）, wherein
The second unit portion（112）Cover on second multiplication units（2）On, so that second multiplication units（2）Close to the conversion
Platform（113）.
A kind of 4. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that：The printing opacity cell-shell
（11）First module portion（111）It is diametrically spherical in more than 200mm.
A kind of 5. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fluorophor（13）, being can
Under the exciting of high speed photoelectronic, the device of a large amount of photons is produced, uses scintillation crystal or processing film technique with by photoelectron
It is converted into the light-emitting film body of a large amount of photons.
A kind of 6. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The high-voltage power-line（14）One
Side is powered with external high voltage power supply, and opposite side positive pole sets the fluorophor（13）Locate and high-pressure source positive pole, its negative pole are set
Put in the photocathode（12）Locate high-pressure source negative pole, and the preferred 15KV-30KV of the high voltage power supply, added with forming electronics
Fast electric field, force the photocathode（12）The photoelectron changed flies to the fluorophor at a high speed（13）To change and increase to again
Photon exports.
A kind of 7. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Second multiplication units（2）
It is at least partially housed in first multiplication units（1）It is interior, and second multiplication units（2）Including：Converting unit（21）, electricity
Sub- multiplication units（22）, wherein the converting unit（21）Close to the transfer table（113）And its fluorophor of carrying
（13）, to obtain the photon after the multiplication and be converted into photoelectron, for the electron-multiplying unit（22）Double photoelectron,
And then obtain output electric signal.
A kind of 8. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1,2,3,5 or 6, it is characterised in that：Wherein described
Two multiplication units（2）For photomultiplier.
A kind of 9. mixed type photoelectric multiplier according to claim 1,2,3,5 or 6, it is characterised in that：Wherein described
Two multiplication units（2）For photomultiplier, and with first multiplication units（1）In Separable combination form.
A kind of 10. mixed type photoelectricity multiplication method, it is characterised in that including：
First multiplication units（1）Photocathode（12）Converted photons are to photoelectron；
Photoelectron is guided to fly to fluorophor by electronics accelerating field（13）To be converted into photon and the photon amount that doubles；
Second multiplication units（2）Converting unit（21）Photocathode change the photon after the multiplication to photoelectron；
Electron-multiplying unit（22）After the photoelectron that doubles, output electric signal is obtained.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110828276A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-21 | 金陵科技学院 | Large-area photomultiplier with hybrid electron multiplication system |
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