CN107547184B - Dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in large-scale MIMO system - Google Patents

Dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in large-scale MIMO system Download PDF

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CN107547184B
CN107547184B CN201710546892.9A CN201710546892A CN107547184B CN 107547184 B CN107547184 B CN 107547184B CN 201710546892 A CN201710546892 A CN 201710546892A CN 107547184 B CN107547184 B CN 107547184B
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李小文
周佳
叶颂基
余永坤
王丹
陈发堂
王华华
刘宇
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The invention requests to protect a dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in a large-scale MIMO system. And calculating the number of central users and the number of edge users in the cell according to the number of cells in the cell group, the number of users in the cell and the length of the pilot sequence, and randomly selecting the pilot frequency to divide the pilot frequency into pilot frequency sequence subsets with corresponding numbers. And sorting the users in the cell in a descending order according to the large-scale fading coefficients between different users and the base station, and dividing the users in the cell into a cell center user group and a cell edge user group by combining the obtained number of center users and the obtained number of edge users. Aiming at cell edge users, distributing mutually orthogonal pilot frequency sequences to adjacent cell edge users in a cluster, and realizing pilot frequency multiplexing between clusters by adjacent cell edge users outside the cluster; for cell center users, all center users are assigned the same pilot. The flexibility of pilot frequency distribution of the system is enhanced, the utilization rate of the system is improved, and the aim of reducing pilot frequency pollution is fulfilled.

Description

Dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in large-scale MIMO system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and relates to a dynamic pilot frequency allocation method in a large-scale MIMO system.
Background
In a TDD multi-cell environment based on a massive MIMO system, because a base station is equipped with a large number of antennas, it has a far-exceeding ultra-high information transmission rate and intra-cell interference of the conventional technology, but due to the limitation of coherence time, users in all cells inevitably have a situation of pilot frequency reuse, and then pilot frequency pollution becomes a bottleneck that restricts further development of the massive MIMO technology. How to suppress pilot pollution in massive MIMO is one of the focuses of great attention in the field of communications.
In a TDD multi-cell large-scale MIMO system, the existing pilot allocation method is that a base station adaptively divides pilot into m +1 subsets according to the number m of adjacent cells, and supposing that users in a cell are divided into central users and edge users. The central users of all adjacent cells multiplex the same pilot frequency, and the edge users of different cells respectively distribute orthogonal pilot frequency sequences. Here, only the users are grouped, but the division criteria of the users are not described. And the model only multiplexes a group of pilots by several adjacent cells, and when the number of cells is increased, obviously, the number of pilots is insufficient due to the limitation of coherence time. Based on the method, the invention provides a dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in a large-scale MIMO system.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. A dynamic pilot frequency allocation method in a large-scale MIMO system is provided, which effectively reduces pilot frequency pollution and strengthens the flexibility of pilot frequency allocation. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in a large-scale MIMO system comprises the following steps:
1) dividing L adjacent cells in the large-scale MIMO system into N clusters, and calculating the number K of central users in a cell jcAnd the number K of edge userseRandomly selecting pilot frequency to divide the pilot frequency into pilot frequency sequence subsets with corresponding number;
2) sorting the users in the cell in a descending order according to the large-scale fading coefficients between different users and the base station, dividing the users in the cell into a cell center user group and a cell edge user group by combining the obtained center user number and edge user number, distributing mutually orthogonal pilot frequency sequences to adjacent cell edge users in the cell group aiming at the cell edge users, and realizing pilot frequency multiplexing between the cell groups by the adjacent cell edge users outside the cell group; for cell center users, all center users are assigned the same pilot.
Further, the step 1) is to find the number K of center users in the cell jcAnd the number K of edge userseAnd randomly selecting the pilot frequency to divide the pilot frequency into pilot frequency sequence subsets with corresponding numbers, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) determining α the number of neighbor cells in each cluster, dynamically dividing the L neighbor cells in the system into
Figure GDA00014760074300000210
Figure GDA0001476007430000021
A cluster, which is the minimum unit for pilot frequency multiplexing of cell edge users;
(b) the method comprises the following steps Simultaneous taup＝Kc+αKeAnd Kj＝Kc+KeTo find the number K of central users in the cell jcAnd the number K of edge userseIn which K isjIndicates the number of users, tau, in cell jpIndicating the length of the pilot sequence;
(c) the method comprises the following steps According to the obtained KcAnd KeIn the pilot sequence
Figure GDA0001476007430000022
In which the corresponding number of pilots is randomly selected and divided into α +1 subsets pc,pe,1,pe,2,…,pe,αTherein of
Figure GDA0001476007430000023
Figure GDA0001476007430000024
Figure GDA0001476007430000025
It is assumed here that this is done sequentially.
Further, the α is 3,4 or 7.
Further, the step 2) sorts the users in the cell in a descending order according to the large-scale fading coefficients between different users and the base station, and divides the users in the cell into a cell center user group and a cell edge user group by combining the obtained number of center users and the obtained number of edge users, specifically including:
(d) the method comprises the following steps Obtaining large-scale fading coefficients between all users in the range of the cell j and the base station in the cell j
Figure GDA0001476007430000026
Wherein S isjjkIndicating shadow fading, rjjkDenotes the distance between the kth user in the jth cell and the jth cell base station, R is the cell radius, γ is the path loss factor, here using βjjkTo define the signal strength of user k in cell j
Figure GDA0001476007430000027
KjRepresenting the number of users in the cell j, arranging the users in the cell j in a descending order according to the signal intensity,
Figure GDA0001476007430000028
wherein
Figure GDA0001476007430000029
Represents user m in cell j;
(e) the method comprises the following steps K obtained according to step 1)cAnd KeGrouping users in a cell, wherein
Figure GDA0001476007430000031
Front K ofcEach user enters a cell center user group and is recorded as
Figure GDA0001476007430000032
Rear KeEach user enters a cell edge user group and is recorded as
Figure GDA0001476007430000033
Further, after dividing users in a cell into a cell center user group and a cell edge user group, the method further comprises the following steps:
(f) the method comprises the following steps The base station will pilot the subset
Figure GDA0001476007430000034
In the pilot frequency of the cell j is randomly allocated to a central user group of the cell j
Figure GDA0001476007430000035
The user in (2) is in a state of being in a state,
Figure GDA0001476007430000036
represents pcRepresenting the set of pilot sequences allocated to the central user,
Figure GDA0001476007430000037
indicating the number of center users as KcSimultaneously allocating pilot frequency sequences to all edge users of the cell
Figure GDA0001476007430000038
Figure GDA0001476007430000039
Indicating the number of pilots assigned to the edge cell as ke，kcBecause it has been previously allocated to the central user;
(g) the method comprises the following steps After the step (f) is finished, the pilot frequency sequence used by the central user in the step (f) is reused by the central users of the adjacent cells; simultaneously, pilot frequency is distributed for edge users, and grouped orthogonal pilot frequency sequences are respectively distributed for edge users of each cell in the cluster
Figure GDA00014760074300000310
Figure GDA00014760074300000311
The orthogonal pilot frequency sequences used by cell edge users in the current cell group are multiplexed among the cell groups;
(h) the method comprises the following steps And (g) repeating the step (g) until the pilot frequency allocation is completed.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention groups users by utilizing the difference of the large-scale fading coefficients from the users to the base station, so that the large-scale fading coefficients are closely related to the distance from the users to the base station, and when the positions of the users change, the base station can dynamically adjust the grouping of the users according to the large-scale fading coefficients of the users to distribute pilot frequencies to the users, thereby effectively reducing the pilot frequency pollution and enhancing the flexibility of pilot frequency distribution.
(2) The adjacent cells are divided into a plurality of clusters, grouped orthogonal pilot sequences are respectively distributed to each cell edge user in the clusters, and the orthogonal pilot sequences used by the cell edge users in the current cluster are multiplexed by the edge users among the clusters. Therefore, the pilot frequency sequence can be fully utilized, and the purpose of reducing pilot frequency pollution is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic model of a multi-cell massive MIMO system suitable for use with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the dynamic allocation of pilots of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of pilot allocation for a single cluster when the number of cells in the cluster is 3;
fig. 4 shows the results when L is 12, α is 3, Kj＝2(j＝1,2,…,12)，τpPilot allocation when 4 is the diagram.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in a large-scale MIMO system. Grouping users in a cell by using the difference of large-scale fading coefficients from the users to a base station in the cell; aiming at the condition that the number of the pilot frequencies is not enough when multiple cells exist, the concept of the cluster is introduced, the pilot frequencies are divided into each cluster, and the pilot frequencies are multiplexed by taking the cluster as a basic unit.
Fig. 1 is a basic model of a multi-cell massive MIMO system. Consider a multi-user massive MIMO system consisting of L cells. Wherein, K single-antenna users and a base station equipped with M antennas are arranged in each cell. Assuming that the channel quality is affected by small-scale fading and largeThe scale fading coefficients are determined simultaneously, then the channel can be modeled as
Figure GDA0001476007430000041
Wherein h isjlkRepresenting an M x 1 dimensional vector consisting of small scale fading coefficients. Suppose the pilot sequence in the jth cell is
Figure GDA0001476007430000042
The pilot information received by the base station of the ith cell can be expressed as
Figure GDA0001476007430000043
Where ρ isrRepresenting the pilot transmit power, nlRepresenting additive white gaussian noise in the ith cell. When the base station adopts simple Matched Filter (MF) channel estimation, the estimated value H between M base station antennas and K users in the first celll＝
Figure GDA0001476007430000051
Wherein, PjlA cross-correlation matrix representing the pilots between different cells,
Figure GDA0001476007430000052
further research has found that the proximity of the distance between different users is approximately equivalent to different channels between users. In massive MIMO systems, the performance of the channel is mainly closely related by the large-scale fading coefficient and the distance between the user and the base station, i.e.
Figure GDA0001476007430000053
Therefore, the pilot frequency allocation is carried out by utilizing the characteristic that the large-scale fading coefficients of different users and base stations are different.
As shown in fig. 2, the pilot allocation procedure for the multi-cell massive MIMO system includes the following steps:
step 1, dividing adjacent cells in the system into each cluster, and solving the number K of central users in a cell jcAnd the number K of edge userseAnd further grouping the pilot frequency and the user respectively, specifically comprisingThe following steps:
(a) determining α number of adjacent cells in each cluster (α ═ 3,4 or 7), and dynamically dividing L adjacent cells in the system into L adjacent cells
Figure GDA0001476007430000054
A cluster, which is the minimum unit for pilot frequency multiplexing of cell edge users;
(b) the method comprises the following steps Simultaneous taup＝Kc+αKeAnd Kj＝Kc+KeTo find the number K of central users in the cell jcAnd the number K of edge userseIn which K isjIndicates the number of users, tau, in cell jpIndicating the pilot sequence length.
(c) The method comprises the following steps According to the obtained KcAnd KeIn the pilot sequence
Figure GDA0001476007430000055
In which the corresponding number of pilots is randomly selected and divided into α +1 subsets pc,pe,1,pe,2,…,pe,αTherein of
Figure GDA0001476007430000056
Figure GDA0001476007430000057
Figure GDA0001476007430000058
It is assumed here that the selection is in turn;
(d) the method comprises the following steps Obtaining large-scale fading coefficients between all users in the range of the cell j and the base station in the cell j
Figure GDA0001476007430000059
Wherein S isjjkIndicating shadow fading, rjjkDenotes the distance between the kth user in the jth cell and the jth cell base station, R is the cell radius, and γ is the path loss factor, here β is usedjjkTo define the signal strength of user k in cell j
Figure GDA00014760074300000510
Users in cell j are arranged in descending order of signal strength,
Figure GDA00014760074300000511
wherein
Figure GDA00014760074300000512
Represents user m in cell j;
(e) the method comprises the following steps K obtained from the precedingcAnd KeAnd grouping users in the cell. Wherein
Figure GDA00014760074300000513
Front K ofcEach user enters a cell center user group and is recorded as
Figure GDA0001476007430000061
Rear KeEach user enters a cell edge user group and is recorded as
Figure GDA0001476007430000062
Step 2: the method for allocating pilot frequency to the center user and the edge user in the cell comprises the following steps:
(f) the method comprises the following steps The base station will pilot the subset
Figure GDA0001476007430000063
Pilot in (2) is allocated to the central user group of cell j
Figure GDA0001476007430000064
To all edge users of the cell, and simultaneously allocates pilot sequences to all edge users of the cell
Figure GDA0001476007430000065
Figure GDA0001476007430000066
(g) The method comprises the following steps After the step (f) is finished, the pilot frequency sequence used by the central user in the step (f) is reused by the central users of the adjacent cells; at the same time areThe edge users distribute pilot frequency, and distribute the grouped orthogonal pilot frequency sequence to each cell edge user in the cluster
Figure GDA0001476007430000067
Figure GDA0001476007430000068
The orthogonal pilot frequency sequences used by cell edge users in the current cell group are multiplexed among the cell groups;
(h) the method comprises the following steps And (g) repeating the step (g) until the pilot frequency allocation is completed.
In the following, L is 12, α is 3, K is used in a multi-cell massive MIMO systemj＝2(j＝1,2,…,12)，τp4, orthogonal pilot sequence
Figure GDA0001476007430000069
For example, the pilot frequency dynamic allocation method of the present invention is adopted. The process is as follows:
(1) calculating KcAnd KeK is 3 from αj＝2，τp4, simultaneous τp＝Kc+αKeAnd Kj＝Kc+KeTo find Kc＝1，Ke＝1；
(2) Grouping pilots by α ═ 3, Kc＝1，KeDivide the pilots into 4 subsets p 1c,pe,1,pe,2,pe,3Therein of
Figure GDA00014760074300000610
As shown in fig. 3;
(3) grouping users: the base station performs descending sequencing on the users in the j cell according to the large-scale fading coefficient
Figure GDA00014760074300000611
Front Kc1 subscriber into a cell-centric user group, i.e.
Figure GDA00014760074300000612
Rear Ke1 user accessCell edge user groups, i.e.
Figure GDA00014760074300000613
(4) Pilot frequency is allocated for j cells: as a central user
Figure GDA00014760074300000614
Allocating pilots
Figure GDA00014760074300000615
For edge users
Figure GDA0001476007430000071
Allocating pilots
Figure GDA0001476007430000072
As in fig. 3, the central users of cell 1 are assigned
Figure GDA0001476007430000073
Assign to its edge users
Figure GDA0001476007430000074
(pilots 1,2,3,4 in FIGS. 3,4 are respectively
Figure GDA0001476007430000075
)。
(5) Allocating pilot frequency for cell users in the cluster: grouping users in other cells according to step (3), wherein the pilot frequency is multiplexed by the central user group
Figure GDA0001476007430000076
Allocating pilots in a subset of pilots of remaining pairs for an edge user group
Figure GDA0001476007430000077
As shown in FIG. 3, pilots are allocated to the central users of cell 2 and cell 3
Figure GDA0001476007430000078
Respectively allocate to its edge cells
Figure GDA0001476007430000079
(6) And pilot frequency distribution for the users of the cells outside the cluster: reusing the same pilot frequency for all the adjacent cell center users in other clusters
Figure GDA00014760074300000710
Multiplexing orthogonal pilots used by cell edge users in cluster 1 for all neighboring cell edge users in other clusters
Figure GDA00014760074300000711
Until all edge users are assigned pilots. Referring to fig. 4, the cell 4,5,6 edge users in the cluster 2 reuse the orthogonal pilots used by the cell 1,2,3 edge users in the cluster 1 respectively
Figure GDA00014760074300000712
Similarly, the cell 7,8,9 edge users in the cluster 3 multiplex the orthogonal pilots used by the cell 1,2,3 edge users in the cluster 1 respectively
Figure GDA00014760074300000713
And so on.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A dynamic pilot frequency distribution method in a large-scale MIMO system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dividing L adjacent cells in the large-scale MIMO system into N clusters, and calculating the number K of central users in the cellscAnd the number K of edge userseRandomly selecting pilot frequency to be divided into a plurality of pilot frequency sequence subsets; the step 1) of solving the number K of central users in the cellcAnd the number K of edge userseAnd randomly selecting the pilot frequency to divide into several pilot frequenciesThe sequence subset specifically comprises the steps of:
(a) determining α the number of neighbor cells in each cluster, dynamically dividing the L neighbor cells in the system into
Figure FDA0002396712020000011
Figure FDA0002396712020000012
A cluster, which is the minimum unit for pilot frequency multiplexing of cell edge users;
(b) the method comprises the following steps Simultaneous taup＝Kc+αKeAnd Kj＝Kc+KeDetermining the number of center users K in the cellcAnd the number K of edge userseIn which K isjIndicates the number of users, tau, in cell jpIndicating the length of the pilot sequence;
(c) the method comprises the following steps According to the obtained KcAnd KeIn the pilot sequence
Figure FDA0002396712020000013
In which the corresponding number of pilots is randomly selected and divided into α +1 subsets pc，pe，1，pe，2，...，pe，aTherein of
Figure FDA0002396712020000014
Figure FDA0002396712020000015
Here, the selection is performed in sequence;
2) sorting the users in the cell in a descending order according to the large-scale fading coefficients between different users and the base station, dividing the users in the cell into a cell center user group and a cell edge user group by combining the obtained center user number and edge user number, distributing mutually orthogonal pilot frequency sequences to adjacent cell edge users in the cell group aiming at the cell edge users, and realizing pilot frequency multiplexing between the cell groups by the adjacent cell edge users outside the cell group; for cell center users, all center users are assigned the same pilot.
2. The dynamic pilot allocation method in massive MIMO system according to claim 1, wherein α is 3,4 or 7.
3. The dynamic pilot allocation method in the massive MIMO system according to claim 2, wherein the step 2) sorts the users in the cell in a descending order according to the large-scale fading coefficients between different users and the base station, and divides the users in the cell into a cell center user group and a cell edge user group according to the obtained number of center users and edge users, specifically comprising:
(d) the method comprises the following steps Obtaining large-scale fading coefficients between all users in the range of the cell j and the base station in the cell j
Figure FDA0002396712020000021
Figure FDA0002396712020000022
Wherein S isjjkIndicating shadow fading, rjjkDenotes the distance between the kth user in the jth cell and the jth cell base station, R is the cell radius, γ is the path loss factor, here using βjjkTo define the signal strength of user k in cell j
Figure FDA0002396712020000023
KjRepresenting the number of users in the cell j, arranging the users in the cell j in a descending order according to the signal intensity,
Figure FDA0002396712020000024
wherein
Figure FDA0002396712020000025
Represents user m in cell j;
(e) the method comprises the following steps K obtained according to step 1)cAnd KeGrouping users in a cell, wherein
Figure FDA0002396712020000026
Front K ofcEach user enters a cell center user group and is recorded as
Figure FDA0002396712020000027
Rear KeEach user enters a cell edge user group and is recorded as
Figure FDA0002396712020000028
4. The dynamic pilot allocation method in massive MIMO system as claimed in claim 3, wherein after dividing users in cell into cell center user group and cell edge user group, further comprising the following steps: (f) the method comprises the following steps The base station will pilot the subset
Figure FDA0002396712020000029
In the pilot frequency of the cell j is randomly allocated to a central user group of the cell j
Figure FDA00023967120200000210
The user in (2) is in a state of being in a state,
Figure FDA00023967120200000211
representing the set of pilot sequences allocated to the central user,
Figure FDA00023967120200000212
indicating the number of center users as KcSimultaneously allocating pilot frequency sequences to all edge users of the cell
Figure FDA00023967120200000213
Figure FDA00023967120200000214
Figure FDA00023967120200000215
Representing assignment to edgesPilot frequency of edge cell, pilot frequency number is ke；
(g) The method comprises the following steps After the step (f) is finished, the pilot frequency sequence used by the central user in the step (f) is reused by the central users of the adjacent cells; simultaneously, pilot frequency is distributed for edge users, and grouped orthogonal pilot frequency sequences are respectively distributed for edge users of each cell in the cluster
Figure FDA00023967120200000216
Figure FDA00023967120200000217
The orthogonal pilot frequency sequences used by cell edge users in the current cell group are multiplexed among the cell groups;
(h) the method comprises the following steps And (g) repeating the step (g) until the pilot frequency allocation is completed.
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