CN107524066A - A kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer and its construction method - Google Patents
A kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer and its construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107524066A CN107524066A CN201710820393.4A CN201710820393A CN107524066A CN 107524066 A CN107524066 A CN 107524066A CN 201710820393 A CN201710820393 A CN 201710820393A CN 107524066 A CN107524066 A CN 107524066A
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- layer
- transformation unit
- asphalt concrete
- bituminous concrete
- concrete
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
- E01C11/245—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather for preventing ice formation or for loosening ice, e.g. special additives to the paving material, resilient coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00008—Obtaining or using nanotechnology related materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer, including the Sub-course Asphalt Concrete, surface layer, transformation unit layer, fibrous mesh cloth and the bituminous concrete upper layer in bituminous concrete being sequentially distributed from the bottom to top, wherein, transformation unit layer is made up of transformation unit, the inside of transformation unit is the phase change paraffin of cubic, outside is integument, and integument is mixed by cement, heat conducting fiber, nano silicon oxide, iron powder and water；The phase transition temperature of phase change paraffin is 05 DEG C.Using the characteristic of phase-change material, the heat discharged when being changed admittedly by the liquid of phase change paraffin, realize that asphalt concrete layer heats up, effectively prevent icy on road.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to road engineering technical field, more particularly to a kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer and its construction party
Method.
Background technology
When temperature be less than 0 DEG C, snowfall may immediately be frozen on road surface or melt after due to temperature reduction and in road surface shape
Into icy road.As long as temperature is not gone up to being enough to make ice sheet thaw, it just will always be as solid as rocks, and be the important misfortune of traffic accident
It is first.Existing road has been sequentially distributed graded broken stone layer, cement stabilized base course, stabilization gravel layer and bituminous concrete from the bottom to top
Layer, and asphalt concrete layer therein includes three parts, i.e. the Sub-course Asphalt Concrete（80mm）, surface layer in bituminous concrete
（70mm）With bituminous concrete upper layer（40mm）.
Road deicing mainly uses Mechanical Method and chemical method at present.Mechanical Method is to road accumulated ice and pressure by mechanical device
The directly effect of real snow, mainly divides impact to open ice, more piece whip plays deicing, roller rotary-cut deicing and shovel chop deicing etc., but accumulated ice
It is tightly combined with compacting snow with road surface, if the strength of deicing machinery is too small, it is impossible to make the two separation, can not neatly remove；
Strength is excessive, can damage pavement marker, or even destroys road surface, and technical merit is low, and poor reliability, failure is more, short life.
Chemical method is to reduce ice and snow melting point using chemical agent, but influenced by ambient temperature very big, and temperature is too low, effect
It is decreased obviously, and chemical reagent can cause pitch and cement concrete seriously to degrade, and its breakdown speed will freeze far faster than common
Melt the caused destruction of circulation, while corrosion contamination also is produced to soil, crops and surface water etc..Therefore, it is necessary to propose
A kind of safety, the road deicing method imitated soon.
The content of the invention
The problem of being frozen for pavement of road, the present invention provide a kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer, including under it is supreme according to
In the Sub-course Asphalt Concrete of secondary distribution, bituminous concrete on surface layer, transformation unit layer, fibrous mesh cloth and bituminous concrete
Surface layer, wherein, the transformation unit layer is made up of transformation unit, and the inside of the transformation unit is the phase alexandrite of cubic
Wax, outside is integument, and the integument is mixed by cement, heat conducting fiber, nano silicon oxide, iron powder and water；The phase
Become the phase transition temperature of paraffin as 0-5 DEG C.
Alternatively, the primitive length of side of the transformation unit is 2-5cm, and the thickness of the integument is the 10- of primitive radius
30%。
Alternatively, the mass fraction of each raw material is in the integument：Cement 10-30 parts, heat conducting fiber 20-40 parts, receive
Rice silica 20-30 parts, iron powder 10-30 parts and water 10-20 parts.
Alternatively, the fibrous mesh cloth is highly-conductive hot carbon fibrous mesh cloth, thermal conductivity factor 500-700W/mk.
Alternatively, the cement is portland cement, specific surface area 300-400m2/kg。
Alternatively, the specific surface area of the iron powder is 400-500m2/kg。
Present invention also offers a kind of construction method of above-mentioned anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer, construction procedure is simple, only
Need once to put into, without later maintenance, cost is cheap, and to road and surrounding enviroment without destruction and pollution, including following step
Suddenly：
（1）Cement, heat conducting fiber, iron powder and water are mixed, obtain wrapping up slurries, parcel slurries are uniformly wrapped in cubic
Phase change paraffin outer layer, after maintenance, obtain transformation unit；
（2）Transformation unit is uniformly spread and is sprinkled upon in the one side for the fibrous mesh cloth for smearing adhesive, obtains transformation unit layer；
（3）The surface layer in asphalt concrete cutting optimal and bituminous concrete successively on stabilization gravel layer, in bituminous concrete
Before middle surface layer does not parch also, transformation unit layer is laid in bituminous concrete above surface layer so that transformation unit layer is located at
In bituminous concrete between surface layer and fibrous mesh cloth；
（4）After surface layer parches in bituminous concrete, transformation unit layer is closely connected with surface layer in bituminous concrete, in web
Bituminous concrete upper layer is laid on Ge Bu, obtains anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer.
Alternatively, step（1）In, curing temperature is 40-65 DEG C, and maintenance relative humidity is 70-95%, curing time 1-2
My god.
Alternatively, step（2）In, the adhesive is the mixture of epoxy polyurethane and graphite powder, wherein, the poly- ammonia of epoxy
The weight/mass percentage composition of ester and graphite powder ratio is：5-15：85-95.
The present invention has advantages below：
（1）Anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer provided by the invention, in bituminous concrete surface layer and bituminous concrete upper layer it
Between set up transformation unit layer and fibrous mesh cloth, using the characteristic of phase-change material, by being discharged during the liquid-solid conversion of phase change paraffin
Heat, realize asphalt concrete layer heat up, effectively prevent icy on road.
（2）The heat conductivility of integument is improved with iron powder and heat conducting fiber, improves the work limitation of transformation unit, and
Prevent integument from, because temperature difference causes Volume Changes, causing integument to ftracture, paraffin is revealed under high temperature, pollution and destruction coagulation
It is earth roadbed.
（3）Nano silicon oxide not only has particle size filing effect, and the hydroxide that can be generated with hydrated cementitious
Calcium, which reacts, generates hydrated product, contributes to the raising of integument compactness, while consumes calcium hydroxide, prevents corrosion and draws
The durability risen is bad, improves the anti-corrosion anti-permeability performance of asphalt concrete layer.
（4）Construction method is simple and easy, it is only necessary to once puts into, without later maintenance, cost is cheap, and to road and week
Surrounding environment is without destruction and pollution.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In Fig. 1, label represents：1- graded broken stones layer, 2- cement stabilized base courses, 3- stabilization gravels layer, the anti-freeze pitches of 4-
Surface layer in concrete layer, 41- the Sub-course Asphalt Concretes, 42- bituminous concretes, 43- transformation units layer, 44- fibrous mesh cloths,
45- bituminous concrete upper layers.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited by following embodiments
System.
Embodiment one
As shown in figure 1, a kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4 provided for the present embodiment one, it is broken to be also distributed with grading below
Rock layers 1, cement stabilized base course 2 and stabilization gravel layer 3.Anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4 includes the drip being sequentially distributed from the bottom to top
In blue or green concrete cutting optimal 41, bituminous concrete above surface layer 42, transformation unit layer 43, fibrous mesh cloth 44 and bituminous concrete
Layer 45.Fibrous mesh cloth 44 is highly-conductive hot carbon fibrous mesh cloth, thermal conductivity factor 500-700W/mk.
Transformation unit layer 43 is made up of transformation unit, and the inside of transformation unit is the phase change paraffin of cubic, and outside is
Integument.The primitive length of side of transformation unit is 2cm, and the thickness of integument is the 10% of primitive radius.The phase transition temperature of phase change paraffin
For 0-5 DEG C.The mass fraction of each raw material is in integument：10 parts of cement, 20 parts of heat conducting fiber, 20 parts of nano silicon oxide, iron powder
10 parts and 10 parts of water.Wherein, cement is portland cement, specific surface area 300-400m2/kg；The specific surface area of iron powder is
400-500m2/kg。
The construction method for the anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4 that the present embodiment one provides, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cement, heat conducting fiber, iron powder and water are mixed, obtain wrapping up slurries, parcel slurries are uniformly wrapped in cubic
Phase change paraffin outer layer, curing temperature be 40 DEG C, maintenance relative humidity be 70% under conditions of, maintenance 1 day after, obtain phase transformation
Primitive；
（2）Transformation unit is uniformly spread and is sprinkled upon in the one side for the fibrous mesh cloth 44 for smearing adhesive, obtains transformation unit layer 43,
Wherein, used adhesive is the mixture of epoxy polyurethane that weight/mass percentage composition is 5% and 95% graphite powder；
（3）The surface layer 42 in asphalt concrete cutting optimal 41 and bituminous concrete successively on stabilization gravel layer 3, is mixed in pitch
Before surface layer 42 does not parch also in solidifying soil, transformation unit layer 43 is laid on the top of surface layer 42 in bituminous concrete so that phase transformation
Primitive layer 43 is located in bituminous concrete between surface layer 42 and fibrous mesh cloth 44；
（4）After surface layer in bituminous concrete 42 parches, transformation unit layer 43 is closely connected with surface layer in bituminous concrete 42,
Bituminous concrete upper layer 45 is laid on fibrous mesh cloth 44, obtains anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4.
Embodiment two
The structure for the anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer that the present embodiment two provides is identical with embodiment one, reference can be made to Fig. 1, is this implementation
A kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4 that example two provides, graded broken stone layer 1, cement stabilized base course 2 and steady are also distributed with below
Determine metalling 3.The Sub-course Asphalt Concrete 41, the pitch that anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4 includes being sequentially distributed from the bottom to top mix
Surface layer 42, transformation unit layer 43, fibrous mesh cloth 44 and bituminous concrete upper layer 45 in solidifying soil.Fibrous mesh cloth 44 is led for height
Hot carbon fiber mesh fabric, thermal conductivity factor 500-700W/mk.
Transformation unit layer 43 is made up of transformation unit, and the inside of transformation unit is the phase change paraffin of cubic, and outside is
Integument.The primitive length of side of transformation unit is 5cm, and the thickness of integument is the 30% of primitive radius.The phase transition temperature of phase change paraffin
For 0-5 DEG C.The mass fraction of each raw material is in integument：30 parts of cement, 40 parts of heat conducting fiber, 30 parts of nano silicon oxide, iron powder
30 parts and 20 parts of water.Wherein, cement is portland cement, specific surface area 300-400m2/kg；The specific surface area of iron powder is
400-500m2/kg。
The construction method for the anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer that the present embodiment two provides, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cement, heat conducting fiber, iron powder and water are mixed, obtain wrapping up slurries, parcel slurries are uniformly wrapped in cubic
Phase change paraffin outer layer, curing temperature be 65 DEG C, maintenance relative humidity be 95% under conditions of, maintenance 2 days after, obtain phase transformation
Primitive；
（2）Transformation unit is uniformly spread and is sprinkled upon in the one side for the fibrous mesh cloth 44 for smearing adhesive, obtains transformation unit layer 43,
Wherein, used adhesive is the mixture of epoxy polyurethane that weight/mass percentage composition is 15% and 85% graphite powder；
（3）The surface layer 42 in asphalt concrete cutting optimal 41 and bituminous concrete successively on stabilization gravel layer 3, is mixed in pitch
Before surface layer 42 does not parch also in solidifying soil, transformation unit layer 43 is laid on the top of surface layer 42 in bituminous concrete so that phase transformation
Primitive layer 43 is located in bituminous concrete between surface layer 42 and fibrous mesh cloth 44；
（4）After surface layer in bituminous concrete 42 parches, transformation unit layer 43 is closely connected with surface layer in bituminous concrete 42,
Bituminous concrete upper layer 45 is laid on fibrous mesh cloth 44, obtains anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4.
Embodiment three
The structure for the anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer that the present embodiment three provides is identical with embodiment one, reference can be made to Fig. 1, is this implementation
A kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4 that example three provides, graded broken stone layer 1, cement stabilized base course 2 and steady are also distributed with below
Determine metalling 3.The Sub-course Asphalt Concrete 41, the pitch that anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4 includes being sequentially distributed from the bottom to top mix
Surface layer 42, transformation unit layer 43, fibrous mesh cloth 44 and bituminous concrete upper layer 45 in solidifying soil.Fibrous mesh cloth 44 is led for height
Hot carbon fiber mesh fabric, thermal conductivity factor 500-700W/mk.
Transformation unit layer 43 is made up of transformation unit, and the inside of transformation unit is the phase change paraffin of cubic, and outside is
Integument.The primitive length of side of transformation unit is 4cm, and the thickness of integument is the 20% of primitive radius.The phase transition temperature of phase change paraffin
For 0-5 DEG C.The mass fraction of each raw material is in integument：20 parts of cement, 30 parts of heat conducting fiber, 25 parts of nano silicon oxide, iron powder
20 parts and 15 parts of water.Wherein, cement is portland cement, specific surface area 300-400m2/kg；The specific surface area of iron powder is
400-500m2/kg。
The construction method for the anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer that the present embodiment three provides, comprises the following steps：
（1）Cement, heat conducting fiber, iron powder and water are mixed, obtain wrapping up slurries, parcel slurries are uniformly wrapped in cubic
Phase change paraffin outer layer, curing temperature be 50 DEG C, maintenance relative humidity be 80% under conditions of, maintenance 2 days after, obtain phase transformation
Primitive；
（2）Transformation unit is uniformly spread and is sprinkled upon in the one side for the fibrous mesh cloth 44 for smearing adhesive, obtains transformation unit layer 43,
Wherein, used adhesive is the mixture of epoxy polyurethane that weight/mass percentage composition is 10% and 90% graphite powder；
（3）The surface layer 42 in asphalt concrete cutting optimal 41 and bituminous concrete successively on stabilization gravel layer 3, is mixed in pitch
Before surface layer 42 does not parch also in solidifying soil, transformation unit layer 43 is laid on the top of surface layer 42 in bituminous concrete so that phase transformation
Primitive layer 43 is located in bituminous concrete between surface layer 42 and fibrous mesh cloth 44；
（4）After surface layer in bituminous concrete 42 parches, transformation unit layer 43 is closely connected with surface layer in bituminous concrete 42,
Bituminous concrete upper layer 45 is laid on fibrous mesh cloth 44, obtains anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer 4.
Comparative example
The asphalt concrete layer provided in comparative example only has surface layer and pitch coagulation in the Sub-course Asphalt Concrete, bituminous concrete
Native upper layer.
Deicing properties are tested
The asphalt concrete layer that the anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer and comparative example that embodiment one to three is provided provide soaks respectively
In water after 10 minutes, it is placed in subzero 15 DEG C of refrigerator and refrigerates, and real time monitoring surface temperature, actual ice sheet forms the time such as
Shown in table 1 below.Found, the anti-freeze effect of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention, compared by contrasting
In asphalt concrete layer, positive effect.
The deicing properties of table 1 contrast
Those skilled in the art will readily occur to other realities of the present invention after considering specification and putting into practice the disclosure invented here
Apply scheme.It is contemplated that cover any modification, purposes or the adaptations of the present invention, these modifications, purposes or suitable
The change of answering property follows the general principle of the present invention and including the undocumented common knowledge or used in the art of the present invention
Use technological means.Description and embodiments are considered only as exemplary, and true scope and spirit of the invention are referred to by claim
Go out.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer, it is characterised in that including below the bituminous concrete that is sequentially distributed from the bottom to top
Surface layer, transformation unit layer, fibrous mesh cloth and bituminous concrete upper layer in layer, bituminous concrete, wherein, the transformation unit
Layer is made up of transformation unit, and the inside of the transformation unit is the phase change paraffin of cubic, and outside is integument, the parcel
Layer is mixed by cement, heat conducting fiber, nano silicon oxide, iron powder and water；The phase transition temperature of the phase change paraffin is 0-5 DEG C.
2. anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the primitive length of side of the transformation unit is
2-5cm, the thickness of the integument are the 10-30% of primitive radius.
3. anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quality of each raw material in the integument
Number is：Cement 10-30 parts, heat conducting fiber 20-40 parts, nano silicon oxide 20-30 parts, iron powder 10-30 parts and water 10-20 parts.
4. anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fibrous mesh cloth is highly-conductive hot carbon
Fibrous mesh cloth, thermal conductivity factor 500-700W/mk.
5. anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cement is portland cement, than
Surface area is 300-400m2/kg。
6. anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the specific surface area of the iron powder is 400-
500m2/kg。
A kind of 7. construction method of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer as described in claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
（1）Cement, heat conducting fiber, nano silicon oxide, iron powder and water are mixed, obtain wrapping up slurries, parcel slurries are uniformly wrapped
The phase change paraffin outer layer of cubic is wrapped in, after maintenance, obtains transformation unit；
（2）Transformation unit is uniformly spread and is sprinkled upon in the one side for the fibrous mesh cloth for smearing adhesive, obtains transformation unit layer；
（3）The surface layer in asphalt concrete cutting optimal and bituminous concrete successively on stabilization gravel layer, in bituminous concrete
Before middle surface layer does not parch also, transformation unit layer is laid in bituminous concrete above surface layer so that transformation unit layer is located at
In bituminous concrete between surface layer and fibrous mesh cloth；
（4）After surface layer parches in bituminous concrete, transformation unit layer is closely connected with surface layer in bituminous concrete, in web
Bituminous concrete upper layer is laid on Ge Bu, obtains anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer.
8. construction method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step（1）In, curing temperature is 40-65 DEG C, maintenance
Relative humidity is 70-95%, and curing time is 1-2 days.
9. construction method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step（2）In, the adhesive is epoxy polyurethane
With the mixture of graphite powder, wherein, the weight/mass percentage composition ratio of epoxy polyurethane and graphite powder is：5-15：85-95.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710820393.4A CN107524066B (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | A kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer and its construction method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710820393.4A CN107524066B (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | A kind of anti-freeze asphalt concrete layer and its construction method |
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| CN109736162A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-10 | 长安大学 | A kind of road maintenance sealing grid and preparation method thereof and road maintenance structure |
| CN111606629A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-01 | 北京城建华晟交通建设有限公司 | Ice-melting anti-freezing solid phase change material pavement brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN114481730A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 山东高速股份有限公司 | Construction method of full-thickness type road subgrade connecting layer structure |
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| CN114481730A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 山东高速股份有限公司 | Construction method of full-thickness type road subgrade connecting layer structure |
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| CN107524066B (en) | 2019-08-13 |
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