CN107512059A - 一种高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107512059A
CN107512059A CN201710738266.XA CN201710738266A CN107512059A CN 107512059 A CN107512059 A CN 107512059A CN 201710738266 A CN201710738266 A CN 201710738266A CN 107512059 A CN107512059 A CN 107512059A
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马云鹏
姬金祖
王立峰
祖金戈
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Beihang University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料及其制备方法，蒙皮材料由外至内依次设有耐候层、阻隔层、承力层和焊接层，耐候层涂覆于阻隔层外侧，焊接层涂覆于承力层内侧，阻隔层与承力层粘接。蒙皮材料的制备方法包括步骤：将阻隔层两侧进行电晕处理，在阻隔层的外侧涂覆耐候层，充分干燥；在承力层内侧涂覆焊接层，干燥并收卷；将阻隔层内侧与承力层外侧粘接，然后，层压、收卷熟化。

Description

一种高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
平流层飞艇是一种利用充满轻于空气的气体来提供升力的航空器，依靠静升力驻空，能在19-21km的高空长时间定点悬浮或低速机动飞行。平流层飞艇具有滞空时间长、飞行高度高、覆盖范围广、生存能力强、制造和运行维护费用低等优点，具有很高的应用价值。平流层飞艇工作的高空环境十分严酷，温度低最低温度约-55℃，昼夜温差大，空气稀薄，紫外线辐射和臭氧作用强烈。在此种环境下工作，要求蒙皮材料不仅具有优异的耐候性，用于抵抗环境因素对材料的不可逆损坏，而且还需具有很小的面密度，过高的材料面密度会使浮空器的静升力遭受极大的丧失，难以升到平流层高度。受到昼夜光照变化的影响，飞艇内部温度不断变化，造成蒙皮内外压差大小的往复变化，对长期驻空而言，克服温度变化引起的压差尤为重要。同时，蒙皮材料要承担各式工作载荷，因此就要求蒙皮材料应具有较高的抗拉、抗蠕变、抗撕裂等性能。平流层飞艇均采用氦气作为浮升气体，由于需要长期驻空的工作特性要求，蒙皮材料必须具有极佳的阻止氦气渗漏功能。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种蒙皮材料及其制备方法，制备出的蒙皮材料具有高强度、高阻隔、质轻、强耐候性，更加适用于平流层飞艇。
基于同一发明构思，本发明具有两个独立的技术方案：
1、一种高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料，其特征在于：由外至内依次设有耐候层、阻隔层、承力层和焊接层，耐候层涂覆于阻隔层外侧，焊接层涂覆于承力层内侧，阻隔层与承力层粘接。
进一步地，阻隔层采用双面镀氧化铝聚酯膜，厚度为8～12微米。
进一步地，承力层采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、PI纤维、PBO纤维、Vectran纤维或芳纶1414纤维材料，厚度为12～17微米。
进一步地，焊接层采用具有高频焊接功能的热熔型聚氨酯材料，厚度为30～50微米。
进一步地，耐候层采用丙烯酸聚偏氟乙烯涂料涂覆而成，涂层厚度30～40微米。
进一步地，阻隔层与承力层之间采用双组份耐低温聚氨酯胶粘接。
2、一种上述高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将阻隔层两侧进行电晕处理，在阻隔层的外侧涂覆耐候层，充分干燥；
步骤2：在承力层内侧涂覆焊接层，干燥并收卷；
步骤3：将阻隔层内侧与承力层外侧粘接，然后，层压、收卷熟化。
步骤1中，阻隔层采用双面镀氧化铝聚酯膜，耐候层采用丙烯酸聚偏氟乙烯涂料；电晕处理使镀氧化铝聚酯膜表面电晕值张力在40mN/m以上，完成涂覆耐候层后，在80～110℃温度下充分干燥，形成涂覆复合膜。
步骤2中，承力层采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、PI纤维、PBO纤维、Vectran纤维或芳纶1414纤维材料，焊接层采用具有高频焊接功能的热熔型聚氨酯材料；完成涂覆焊接层后，层压承力层经长烘道干燥并收卷。
步骤3中，粘接时采用双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂；在阻隔层的内侧即涂覆复合膜的内侧刮涂双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，将承力层的外侧预浸有双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，将阻隔层的内侧与承力层的外侧进行黏合。
本发明具有的有益效果：
本发明蒙皮材料由外至内依次设有耐候层、阻隔层、承力层和焊接层，耐候层涂覆于阻隔层外侧，焊接层涂覆于承力层内侧，阻隔层与承力层粘接。本发明通过耐候层、阻隔层、承力层和焊接层结构设计，具有高强度、高阻隔、强耐候性的特点，更加适用于平流层飞艇。
本发明蒙皮材料的阻隔层采用双面镀氧化铝聚酯膜，厚度为8～12微米，与现有常用的镀铝聚酯膜相比，镀层的抗揉搓性、耐压折性以及对氦气的阻隔性，都有显著提高，进一步保证了本发明具有高阻隔性。本发明经过透氦气性能测试，检测结果为35ml/m2.24h.atm，远远低于要求的小于等于500ml/m2.24h.atm，并且本发明阻隔层采用单层膜进一步实现了质量轻化。
本发明蒙皮材料的承力层采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、PI纤维、PBO纤维、Vectran纤维或芳纶1414纤维材料，厚度为12～17微米，上述几种纤维均具有优异的力学性能，并且密度小，平纹织物密度仅为50-70g/m2，进一步保证了本发明具有质轻高强的性能。
本发明蒙皮材料的焊接层采用具有高频焊接功能的热熔型聚氨酯材料，厚度为30～50微米，进一步保证蒙皮材料易于加工成型。
本发明蒙皮材料的耐候层采用丙烯酸聚偏氟乙烯涂料涂覆而成，涂层厚度30-40微米，本发明涂覆简单快捷，一次成膜，无需复合其他耐候薄膜；涂料成膜后质地柔软、粘合度高，耐揉搓；聚偏氟乙烯具有很强的抵抗紫外辐射和臭氧老化的功能。经加速老化试验测定，本发明蒙皮材料使用寿命能达10年以上，完全能满足平流层飞艇长期驻空的要求。
本发明蒙皮材料的阻隔层与承力层之间采用双组份耐低温聚氨酯胶粘接，进一步保证了本发明的强度。
本发明制备方法包括三个步骤，步骤1，将阻隔层两侧进行电晕处理，在阻隔层的外侧涂覆耐候层，充分干燥；在承力层内侧涂覆焊接层，干燥并收卷；将阻隔层内侧与承力层外侧粘接，然后，层压、收卷熟化。本发明制备工艺简单合理，易于控制，降低制造成本，保证制备出的蒙皮材料具有高强度、高阻隔、强耐候性的性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明蒙皮材料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明蒙皮材料由外至内依次设有耐候层1、阻隔层2、承力层4和焊接层5，耐候层1涂覆于阻隔层2外侧，焊接层5涂覆于承力层4内侧，阻隔层2与承力层4之间通过粘接层3粘接。
阻隔层2采用双面镀氧化铝聚酯膜，厚度为8～12微米，实施时，厚度为10微米。承力层4采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、PI纤维、PBO纤维、Vectran纤维或芳纶1414纤维材料，厚度为12～17微米，实施时，采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维，厚度为15微米。焊接层5采用具有高频焊接功能的热熔型聚氨酯材料，厚度为30～50微米，实施时，厚度为40微米。耐候层1采用丙烯酸聚偏氟乙烯涂料涂覆而成，涂层厚度30～40微米，实施时，厚度为35微米。阻隔层2与承力层4之间采用双组份耐低温聚氨酯胶粘接。
高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将阻隔层两侧进行电晕处理，在阻隔层的外侧涂覆耐候层，充分干燥；阻隔层采用双面镀氧化铝聚酯膜，耐候层采用丙烯酸聚偏氟乙烯涂料；电晕处理使镀氧化铝聚酯膜表面电晕值张力在40mN/m以上，完成涂覆耐候层后，在80～110℃温度下充分干燥，形成涂覆复合膜。
步骤2：在承力层内侧涂覆焊接层，干燥并收卷；承力层采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维，焊接层采用具有高频焊接功能的热熔型聚氨酯材料；完成涂覆焊接层后，层压承力层经长烘道干燥并收卷。
步骤3：将阻隔层内侧与承力层外侧粘接，然后，层压、收卷熟化。粘接时采用双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂；在阻隔层的内侧即涂覆复合膜的内侧刮涂双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，将承力层的外侧预浸有双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，将阻隔层的内侧与承力层的外侧进行黏合。

Claims (10)

1.一种高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料，其特征在于：由外至内依次设有耐候层、阻隔层、承力层和焊接层，耐候层涂覆于阻隔层外侧，焊接层涂覆于承力层内侧，阻隔层与承力层粘接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料，其特征在于：阻隔层采用双面镀氧化铝聚酯膜，厚度为8～12微米。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料，其特征在于：承力层采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、PI纤维、PBO纤维、Vectran纤维或芳纶1414纤维材料，厚度为12～17微米。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料，其特征在于：焊接层采用具有高频焊接功能的热熔型聚氨酯材料，厚度为30～50微米。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料，其特征在于：耐候层采用丙烯酸聚偏氟乙烯涂料涂覆而成，涂层厚度30～40微米。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料，其特征在于：阻隔层与承力层之间采用双组份耐低温聚氨酯胶粘接。
7.一种权利要求1所述高强、高阻隔蒙皮材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将阻隔层两侧进行电晕处理，在阻隔层的外侧涂覆耐候层，充分干燥；
步骤2：在承力层内侧涂覆焊接层，干燥并收卷；
步骤3：将阻隔层内侧与承力层外侧粘接，然后，层压、收卷熟化。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤1中，阻隔层采用双面镀氧化铝聚酯膜，耐候层采用丙烯酸聚偏氟乙烯涂料；电晕处理使镀氧化铝聚酯膜表面电晕值张力在40mN/m以上，完成涂覆耐候层后，在80～110℃温度下充分干燥，形成涂覆复合膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤2中，承力层采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、PI纤维、PBO纤维、Vectran纤维或芳纶1414纤维材料，焊接层采用具有高频焊接功能的热熔型聚氨酯材料；完成涂覆焊接层后，层压承力层经长烘道干燥并收卷。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤3中，粘接时采用双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂；在阻隔层的内侧即涂覆复合膜的内侧刮涂双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，将承力层的外侧预浸有双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，将阻隔层的内侧与承力层的外侧进行黏合。
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CN113897147A (zh) * 2021-10-19 2022-01-07 东莞凌空遥感科技有限公司 一种轻质高强的浮空器蒙皮及其制备方法
CN113897147B (zh) * 2021-10-19 2023-09-05 铱格斯曼航空科技集团股份有限公司 一种轻质高强的浮空器蒙皮及其制备方法

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