CN107500748A - 一种镁铝尖晶石‑石墨烯耐火材料制品及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种镁铝尖晶石‑石墨烯耐火材料制品及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN107500748A
CN107500748A CN201710906419.7A CN201710906419A CN107500748A CN 107500748 A CN107500748 A CN 107500748A CN 201710906419 A CN201710906419 A CN 201710906419A CN 107500748 A CN107500748 A CN 107500748A
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magnesium aluminate
aluminate spinel
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陈松林
成洁
王俊涛
周严敦
魏瀚
胡建辉
刘士范
袁林
蒋正跃
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YIXING REFRACTORY MATERIAL CO Ltd
RUITAI TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种镁铝尖晶石‑石墨烯耐火材料制品及其制备工艺,将膨胀石墨、镁铝尖晶石细粉、硅粉、硼酸球磨2~3h后升温至700℃热处理,制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,将镁铝尖晶石颗粒料、铝溶胶、预处理后的细粉和氟化锂按顺序加入混碾机,经强力混碾均匀后,成型、干燥、烧结制成。本发明耐火材料制品具有高抗热震性和高抗侵蚀性,其抗热震性在1100℃水急冷循环30次以上。

Description

一种镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品及其制备工艺,属于无机非金属材料学科耐火材料领域。
背景技术
镁铝尖晶石具有良好的耐高温、抗渣侵蚀、抗剥落性能,镁铝尖晶石广泛用于耐火材料、钢铁冶炼,水泥回转窑及玻璃工业窑炉。铝镁碳砖是以特级高铝矾土或刚玉砂、镁砂和鳞片状石墨为主要原料制成的耐火制品,其优点是在高温下,碳具有高抗侵蚀性和高抗剥落性,且在受热时原位生成的尖晶石有高的残余线膨胀率,因而成为应用较广的钢包衬砖,通常铝镁碳砖的含量为60%~69% Al2O3,7%~14% MgO,5%~12% C。随着低碳钢及超低碳钢等洁净钢生产技术的发展,要求对耐火材料中的碳含量进行控制(低于8 wt%,甚至低于3wt%),最大限度降低对钢水的增碳;同时,炉外精炼技术的发展要求耐火材料具有低的热导率,以免钢水的温度下降太多。因此,开发低碳含量的高性能耐火材料成为迫切的需要。然而,单纯降低碳含量会使含碳耐火材料制品的抗渣侵蚀性能和抗热震性能变差,本发明通过引入二维的碳纳米材料石墨烯,解决了在降低碳含量的情况下不引起耐火材料抗渣侵蚀性能下降,同时一定程度上提高了抗热震性能。
发明内容
一种镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品,按照质量百分比计,其原料组成为:
(1)粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石 8~14%;
(2)粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石 22~35%;
(3)粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石 21~30%;
(4)粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石 22~29%;
(5)粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉 1~3%;
(6)膨胀石墨 2~3%;
(7)硼酸 0.5%;
(8)氟化锂 0.5%;
(9)铝溶胶 3~5%。
所述镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品的制备工艺为:
(1)将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨2~3h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体。将混合球磨粉体放入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温1-3h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉A;
(2)将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、混合细粉A和氟化锂,强力混碾8~15min;
(3)将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在110~160℃烘烤24~48h干燥成生坯;
(4)将烘干后的生坯在1530~1590℃下保温3~5h烧成。
在镁铝尖晶石构造中,Al-O、Mg-O之间都是较强的离子键,且静电键强度相等,结构牢固。因此,镁铝尖晶石晶体的饱和结构具有良好的耐化学侵蚀性和耐磨性,能够在氧化或还原气氛中保持较好的稳定性。但以尖晶石和鳞片石墨为基础的铝镁碳砖由于碳含量大,对钢水有增碳作用,不能适应低碳钢和洁净钢的要求。膨胀石墨经球磨达到机械剥离,制得的二维碳纳米材料石墨烯的比表面积和单位质量的体积远大于鳞片石墨,能以较少的含量在耐火材料中形成连续的三维碳网络结构,在引入少量就能够弥散在骨料和基质中,对骨料和基质进行包裹和连接,有利于材料的致密,提高材料的抗侵蚀性。同时,相对于纳米炭黑和碳纳米管,膨胀石墨可视为大量石墨烯片的平行叠加,具有较好的可压缩性和回弹性,能吸收和释放热应力,能提高材料的抗热震性和韧性。
本发明的主要原料包括镁铝尖晶石、膨胀石墨、硼酸、氟化锂、金属硅粉、铝溶胶。膨胀石墨晶体完整性差,表面缺陷多,抗氧化性较差,因此,采用球磨法机械剥离膨胀石墨制备石墨烯时要对膨胀石墨进行硼掺杂预处理,提高抗氧化性能。氟化锂有利于降低烧成温度,使材料更加致密,提高抗侵蚀性。
本发明的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品突出优点是碳含量低,不会污染低碳钢和洁净钢,适用于低碳钢和洁净钢的冶炼。另外,本发明的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯的耐火材料制品抗热震性能优异,在1100℃水急冷循环30次以上。应用于水泥窑,比传统的镁铝尖晶石砖寿命延长1倍以上,还可用于使用环境苛刻要求抗热震性能较高的RH浸渍管。
具体实施方式
实施例1
按照质量百分比选取粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石8%,粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石35%,粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石21%,粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石29%,粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉1%,膨胀石墨2%,硼酸0.5%,氟化锂0.5%,铝溶胶3%,将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨2h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体,将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温2h,然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作A1细粉,将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、A1细粉和氟化锂,强力混碾8min,将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在110℃烘烤48h干燥成生坯,将烘干后的生坯在1530℃下保温5h烧成。制备的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品抗热震性为1100℃水急冷循环35次,显气孔率12%,体密3.23g/cm3,常温耐压强度80MPa。
实施例2
按照质量百分比选取粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石10%,粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石31%,粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石23%,粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石28%,粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉2%,膨胀石墨2%,硼酸0.5%,氟化锂0.5%,铝溶胶3%,将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨2.5h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体,将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温2h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作A2细粉,将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、A2细粉和氟化锂,强力混碾10min,将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在130℃烘烤48h干燥成生坯,将烘干后的生坯在1550℃下保温4h烧成。所制备的耐火材料制备,1100℃水急冷循环36次,显气孔率12%,体密3.24g/cm3,常温耐压强度84MPa。
实施例3
按照质量百分比选取粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石11%,粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石28%,粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石26%,粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石26%,粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉2%,膨胀石墨2%,硼酸0.5%,氟化锂0.5%,铝溶胶4%,将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨2.5h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体。将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温2h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作A3细粉。将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、A3细粉和氟化锂,强力混碾15min。将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在130℃烘烤48h干燥成生坯,将烘干后的生坯在1550℃下保温4h烧成。所制备的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品1100℃水急冷循环34次,显气孔率12%,体密3.25g/cm3,常温耐压强度88MPa。
实施例4
按照质量百分比选取粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石12%,粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石25%,粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石28%,粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石24%,粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉3%,膨胀石墨3%,硼酸0.5%,氟化锂0.5%,铝溶胶4%,将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨3h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体。将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温2h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作A4细粉。将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、A4细粉和氟化锂,强力混碾15min。将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在160℃烘烤24h干燥成生坯,将烘干后的生坯在1590℃下保温3h烧成。所制备的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品,1100℃水急冷循环38次。其它常规性能:显气孔率13%、体密3.22g/cm3、常温耐压强度85MPa。
实施例5
按照质量百分比选取粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石14%,粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石22%,粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石30%,粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石22%,粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉3%;,膨胀石墨3%,硼酸0.5%,氟化锂0.5%,铝溶胶5%,将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨3h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体。将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温2h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作A5细粉,将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、A5细粉和氟化锂,强力混碾15min。将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在160℃烘烤24h干燥成生坯,将烘干后的生坯在1590℃下保温4h烧成。所制备的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯的耐火材料制品,1100℃水急冷循环40次。其它常规性能:显气孔率14%、体密3.20g/cm3、常温耐压强度80MPa。
对比例1
选取以下原料,配方按照质量百分比表示为:
(1)粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石 10%;
(2)粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石 31%;
(3)粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石 23%;
(4)粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石 27%;
(5)粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉 4%;
(6)膨胀石墨 0.5%;
(7)硼酸 0.5%;
(8)氟化锂 0.5%;
(9)铝溶胶 3%。
将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨2.5h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体。将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至600℃保温2h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作B1细粉。将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、B1细粉和氟化锂,强力混碾10min,将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在140℃烘烤44h干燥成生坯;将烘干后的生坯在1550℃下保温4h烧成。所制备的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯的耐火材料制品的抗热震性能一般,1100℃水急冷循环16次。其它常规性能:显气孔率15.4%、体密3.21g/cm3、常温耐压强度76MPa。
对比例2
选取以下原料,配方按照质量百分比表示为:
(1)粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石 15%;
(2)粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石 20%;
(3)粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石 26%;
(4)粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石 26%;
(5)粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉 2%;
(6)膨胀石墨 2%;
(7)硼酸 0.5%;
(8)氟化锂 0.5%;
(9)铝溶胶 7%。
将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨2.5h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体。将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温2h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作B2细粉;将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、B2细粉和氟化锂,强力混碾15min;将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在150℃烘烤48h干燥成生坯;将烘干后的生坯在1500℃下保温4h烧成,所制备的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯的耐火材料制品具有较差抗热震性能,1100℃水急冷循环18次。其它常规性能:显气孔率15.4%、体密3.25g/cm3、常温耐压强度78MPa。
对比例3
选取以下原料,配方按照质量百分比表示为:
(1)粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石 12%;
(2)粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石 25%;
(3)粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石 28%;
(4)粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石 24%;
(5)粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉 3%;
(6)膨胀石墨 3%;
(7)硼酸 0.5%;
(8)铝溶胶 4.5%。
将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中,以刚玉球为球磨介质,球磨3h,从球磨机中取出,筛分出刚玉球,得到经球磨后的混合球磨粉体。将混合球磨粉体加入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃保温2h。然后冷却制得硼掺杂的抗氧化石墨烯、硅粉、镁铝尖晶石预处理后的混合细粉,这种经预处理后的混合细粉叫作B3细粉;将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、B3细粉,强力混碾15min;将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在80℃烘烤12h干燥成生坯;将烘干后的生坯在1640℃下保温3h烧成,所制备的镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯的耐火材料制品具有一般的抗热震性能,1100℃水急冷循环20次。其它常规性能:显气孔率14.7%、体密3.21g/cm3、常温耐压强度75MPa。

Claims (2)

1.一种镁铝尖晶石-石墨烯耐火材料制品,按照质量百分比计,其原料组成为:
粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石 8~14%;
粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石 22~35%;
粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石 21~30%;
粒度≤0.045 mm的镁铝尖晶石 22~29%;
粒度≤0.045 mm的硅粉 1~3%;
膨胀石墨 2~3%;
硼酸 0.5%;
氟化锂 0.5%;
铝溶胶 3~5%。
2.权利要求1所述耐火材料制品的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)将膨胀石墨、≤0.045 mm镁铝尖晶石细粉、≤0.045mm硅粉、硼酸混合,倒入球磨机中球磨2~3h得到混合粉体,将混合粉体放入加热炉中,以氩气为保护气体,升温至700℃保温1-3h,冷却制得预处理混合细粉;
(2)将粒度5~3 mm的镁铝尖晶石、粒度3~1 mm的镁铝尖晶石颗粒混合,然后依次加入铝溶胶、粒度1~0.088 mm的镁铝尖晶石、步骤(1)中所述预处理混合细粉、氟化锂,强力混碾8~15min;
(3)将混碾后的混合料压制成所需的形状,在110~160℃烘烤24~48h干燥成生坯;
(4)将烘干后的生坯在1530~1590℃下保温3~5h制得耐火制品。
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