CN107497399B - A kind of charcoal/bentonite composite material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of charcoal/bentonite composite material and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of charcoal/bentonite composite materials and its preparation method and application; it is related to environmental protection and repairs field; to simplify the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material, and ensure that prepared charcoal/bentonite composite material has good heavy metal adsorption effect.The preparation method of the charcoal/bentonite composite material includes：Under the protection of inert gas, the bentonite mixed and potato skin are carried out by heating reaction using programmed temperature method so that the powdery in drying pre-composition discards potato skin charing, obtains charcoal/bentonite composite material.Charcoal/the bentonite composite material is made using above-mentioned preparation method.The preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention be used to prepare soil heavy mental adsorbent in terms of application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protections to repair field, and in particular to a kind of charcoal/bentonite composite material and its preparation
Methods and applications.
Background technology
As economic fast development and industrial technological advancement, industrial production constantly aggravate the adverse effect of environment.Example
Such as：Industrial wastewater discharge can so that Heavy Metals in Waters is exceeded, and industrial residue discharge can lead to soil pollution, and exhaust gas row then can
Lead to atmosphere pollution.Wherein, heavy metal has enriching, it is difficult to the characteristic degraded in the environment, to animals and plants and mankind's meeting
The murder by poisoning of generation is bigger.Therefore, how to administer heavy metal pollution and have become one of urgent problem to be solved in environmental protection.
Bentonite be it is a kind of with montmorillonite layer aluminosilicate as main component, interlayer is inflatable, cation, which exchanges, to be held
Measure CEC（cation exchange capacity）It is larger, there is stronger adsorption capacity to heavy metal cation.But due to swollen
The native surface silica structure of profit has stronger hydrophily, and interlayer cation is easily hydrated, thus the heavy metal adsorbed is easy
Parsing, it is difficult to thoroughly be removed from water body；In addition, adsorptive selectivity, absorption stability of the natural montmorillonite to heavy metal ion
Deng also to be improved.
A kind of organic and electrodeless complex of document CN200810238198.1 offers and preparation method thereof, with Na-bentonite
Soil is that inorganic matter is reacted 0.5~3 hour at a temperature of 25~70 DEG C, is made organic using pig manure and its degradation solution as Organic Ingredients
With electrodeless complex, it is passivated recovery technique for soil, this method needs to cultivate bacterium solution, complex for operation step.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of charcoal/bentonite composite materials and its preparation method and application, with letter
Change the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material, and it is good to ensure that prepared charcoal/bentonite composite material has
Heavy metal adsorption effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material, including：
Under the protection of inert gas, using programmed temperature method, the bentonite mixed and potato skin are heated
Reaction so that the powdery in drying pre-composition discards potato skin charing, obtains charcoal/bentonite composite material.
Compared with prior art, in the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided in an embodiment of the present invention, only
Under the protection of inert gas, using programmed temperature method, heating reaction is carried out to the bentonite and potato skin that mix, at this
During a, the organic substances such as carbohydrate in potato skin are first modified bentonite so that bentonite bed spacing increases, and then controls
Heating temperature processed carbonizes potato skin, to which charcoal/bentonite composite material be made.This method is without culture solution and pressurized tank etc.
Special experiment material, only need to bentonite and potato skin after mixing, by programmed temperature method heating can complete charcoal/
Bentonite composite material, therefore, the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention are not only simple, are easy to
Operation, and the pore structure of prepared charcoal/bentonite composite material is flourishing, and there is larger interlamellar spacing, have
Good heavy metal adsorption.
In addition, the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention, during temperature programming,
The heated impurity for gradually losing surface water and adsorbed water, and being mingled in hole possessed by bentonite of bentonite also can be
It is carbonized in heating process, to increase the hole in bentonite, to reduce the moisture film that moisture is formed in the presence of bentonite, and
The absorption resistance that the impurity being mingled in hole possessed by bentonite generates, makes its absorption property be improved；Simultaneously
During powdery in pre-composition discards potato skin charing, bentonite is roasted, swelling can also be further increased
Native specific surface area adsorbs contact area to increase it, improves absorption property.Therefore, in Temperature Programmed Processes, drying is pre-
Potato skin in mixed object can not only carbonize, and there has also been certain increases for bentonitic specific surface area so that potato skin can be more
Bentonite is modified well.
The present invention also provides a kind of charcoal/bentonite composite material, using the charcoal described in above-mentioned technical proposal/
The preparation method of bentonite composite material obtains, and the specific surface area of the charcoal/bentonite composite material is 59.13 m2/g-
65.26m2/ g, the adsorption capacity to heavy metal in soil are 105 mg/g -118mg/g.
Compared with prior art, the advantageous effect Yu above-mentioned technology of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention
The preparation method for charcoal/bentonite composite material that scheme provides is identical, and this will not be repeated here.
The present invention also provides charcoal/bentonite composite materials described in a kind of above-mentioned technical proposal to prepare soil weight
Application in terms of metal absorbent.
Compared with prior art, charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention is preparing heavy metal-polluted soil absorption
The preparation method phase for charcoal/bentonite composite material that the advantageous effect of application in terms of agent is provided with above-mentioned technical proposal
Together, this will not be repeated here.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to specific embodiments.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate this hair
It is bright rather than limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after having read present disclosure, those skilled in the art
The present invention can be made various changes or modifications, such equivalent forms are equally fallen into defined by the application the appended claims
Range.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of charcoal/bentonite composite material, including：In the protection of inert gas
Under, using programmed temperature method, the bentonite mixed and potato skin are subjected to heating reaction so that the powder in drying pre-composition
Shape discards potato skin charing, obtains charcoal/bentonite composite material.It can from the preparation process of charcoal/bentonite composite material
To find out：It can be made by single step reaction, and fermented without zymotechnique, it is only necessary to the swelling to mixing
Soil and the heating of potato picoprogram, therefore, the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention is relatively simple
It is single, it is easily operated.
Moreover, in the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention, using temperature programming to mixing
Bentonite and potato skin together is heated, and wherein potato skin is converted into charcoal, which has largely stablize, height
The porous structure of aromatization, microcellular structure is flourishing, large specific surface area, and surface is containing there are many functional group such as carbonyl, carboxyl, phenol
Hydroxyl, lactone group etc. so that charcoal can have good adsorption capacity, auxiliary bentonite removal soil in heavy metal from
Son and organic pollution.
When using programmed temperature method, during the bentonite mixed and potato skin are carried out heating reaction, potato skin
In the organic substances such as carbohydrate first bentonite is modified so that bentonite bed spacing increases so that passes through programmed temperature method
The bentonite bed spacing of reaction is bigger, after the charing of potato skin, which is formed by Organic carbon, is adsorbed onto bentonitic interlayer, is formed
Charcoal/bentonite composite material have larger grain size, to preferably play charcoal absorption heavy metal ion it is excellent
Gesture.Illustratively, the mass ratio of bentonite and potato skin is 2:（0.1~0.5）, wherein potato skin is sweet potato skin, jacket, Chinese yam
It is one or more in skin, taro skin, other potato skins also may be selected, bentonite is powdery sodium bentonite, naturally it is also possible to be
Other bentonites.
In addition, the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention, during temperature programming,
The heated impurity for gradually losing surface water and adsorbed water, and being mingled in hole possessed by bentonite of bentonite also can be
It is carbonized in heating process, to increase the hole in bentonite, to reduce the moisture film that moisture is formed in the presence of bentonite, and
The absorption resistance that the impurity being mingled in hole possessed by bentonite generates, makes its absorption property be improved；Simultaneously
During powdery in pre-composition discards potato skin charing, bentonite is roasted, swelling can also be further increased
Native specific surface area adsorbs contact area to increase it, improves absorption property.Therefore, in Temperature Programmed Processes, drying is pre-
Potato skin in mixed object can not only carbonize, and there has also been certain increases for bentonitic specific surface area so that potato skin can be more
Bentonite is modified well.
Test proves that：Compared with natural montmorillonite, the preparation of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention
The surface topography and interlamellar spacing of charcoal/bentonite composite material obtained by method are all changed：Specific surface area by
30.25m2/ g increases to 65.26m2/ g, interlamellar spacing increase to 2.9nm by 1.8nm.
Specifically, before the mixture of bentonite and potato skin is carried out heating reaction, above-mentioned charcoal/bentonite composite material
Preparation method further include：
Bentonite is crushed, is then sieved, obtains Powdered bentonite, the granularity of Powdered bentonite is 150 mesh~200
Mesh；Discarded potato skin is crushed and then is sieved, obtains powdery potato skin, the granularity of powdery potato skin is -200 mesh of 150 mesh.
Powdered bentonite and powdery potato skin are evenly spread in water, moisture is then dried, obtains drying pre-composition, drying
Temperature used in moisture is 60 DEG C -80 DEG C.
Before carrying out ramped heating schedule due to the above-mentioned bentonite to mixing and potato skin, also to bentonite and potato skin
Powdered processing is carried out so that bentonite can adsorb a large amount of potato skin powder, and during drying moisture so that potato
Skin is cured in bentonitic interlayer.At this point, being heated to the bentonite and potato skin that mix using programmed temperature method
When reaction, the potato skin being cured in bentonite is capable of the interlayer of further modified alta-mud, bentonitic to further increase
Interlamellar spacing；And when potato skin carbonizes, obtained charcoal is adequately mixed with bentonite after enabling to charing.
It is understood that the present invention is by evenly spreading to Powdered bentonite and powdery potato skin in water so that with water
For dispersion solvent, adequately so that Powdered bentonite and powdery potato skin are uniformly mixed, and Powdered bentonite is dried by heating
With the dispersion liquid of powdery potato skin, it is ensured that Powdered bentonite and powdery potato skin under cryogenic, Powdered bentonite and powdery potato
Skin is sufficiently mixed, without reacting.
In addition, potato skin used in the present invention is discarded potato skin so that discarded potato skin is utilized, and energy is recycled
Source, it is environmentally friendly.
Specifically, the preparation method of above-mentioned charcoal/bentonite composite material specifically includes：In the protection of inert gas
Under, the bentonite mixed and potato skin are heated to 100 DEG C -150 DEG C, insulation reaction 0.5h-1.5h is then heated to
200 DEG C -300 DEG C, insulation reaction 0.5h-1h, finally heated to 400 DEG C -600 DEG C of insulation reaction 1h-1.5h, obtain charcoal/
Bentonite composite material.
And in order to ensure potato skin in Temperature Programmed Processes, the organic substances such as carbohydrate in potato skin imitate alta-mud modification
Drying pre-composition is heated to 100 DEG C -150 DEG C by the charred effect of fruit and potato skin, and used heating rate is 0.5 DEG C/
min；It is heated to 200 DEG C -300 DEG C, used heating rate is 0.5 DEG C/min, is heated to 400 DEG C -600 DEG C, used
Heating rate is 1 DEG C/min.
It is following with reference to specific embodiment to the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided by the invention
Embodiment is only used for explaining, and does not lie in restriction.
Embodiment one
The preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
The first step crushes bentonite, then crosses 150 mesh sieve, obtains Powdered bentonite；Discarded sweet potato skin is carried out
Impurity elimination crushes and then crosses 150 mesh sieve, and washing obtains powdery potato skin；
Second step, according to 2:0.1 mass ratio, Powdered bentonite is distributed in water, and powdery potato is then added thereto
Skin stirs 0.5h, then dries moisture at 65 DEG C, obtains drying pre-composition；It is dispersed in the water of 20L per 2g Powdered bentonites；
Third walks, and under the protection of nitrogen, using programmed temperature method, will be dried according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min pre-
Mixed object is heated to 100 DEG C, then insulation reaction 0.5h is heated to 250 DEG C, insulation reaction according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min
0.5h, then 450 DEG C of insulation reaction 1h are heated to the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, last furnace cooling obtains charcoal/swelling
Soil composite material.
Embodiment two
The preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
The first step crushes bentonite, then crosses 200 mesh sieve, obtains Powdered bentonite；By abandoned white potato potato skin
It carries out impurity elimination crushing and then crosses 200 mesh sieve, washing obtains powdery potato skin；
Second step, according to 2:0.5 mass ratio, Powdered bentonite is distributed in water, and powdery potato is then added thereto
Skin stirs 1h, then dries moisture at 70 DEG C, obtains drying pre-composition；It is dispersed in the water of 20L per 2g Powdered bentonites；
Third walks, and under the protection of nitrogen, using programmed temperature method, will be dried according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min pre-
Mixed object is heated to 120 DEG C, then insulation reaction 0.5h is heated to 300 DEG C, insulation reaction according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min
0.5h, then 500 DEG C of insulation reaction 1h are heated to the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, last furnace cooling obtains charcoal/swelling
Soil composite material.
Embodiment three
The preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
The first step crushes bentonite, then crosses 180 mesh sieve, obtains Powdered bentonite；Discarded taro skin is carried out
Impurity elimination crushes and then crosses 180 mesh sieve, and washing obtains powdery potato skin；
Second step, according to 2:0.3 mass ratio, Powdered bentonite is distributed in water, and powdery potato is then added thereto
Skin stirs 0.8h, then dries moisture at 80 DEG C, obtains drying pre-composition；It is dispersed in the water of 20L per 2g Powdered bentonites；
Third walks, and under the protection of argon gas, using programmed temperature method, will be dried according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min pre-
Mixed object is heated to 150 DEG C, then insulation reaction 0.5h is heated to 280 DEG C, insulation reaction according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min
0.5h, then 600 DEG C of insulation reaction 1h are heated to the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, last furnace cooling obtains charcoal/swelling
Soil composite material.
Example IV
The preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
The first step crushes bentonite, then crosses 150 mesh sieve, obtains Powdered bentonite；By discarded yam skin and give up
Jacket is abandoned according to 1:1 quality crushes and then crosses 150 mesh sieve than impurity elimination, and washing obtains powdery potato skin；
Second step, according to 2:0.4 mass ratio, Powdered bentonite is distributed in water, and powdery potato is then added thereto
Skin stirs 0.7h, then dries moisture at 60 DEG C, obtains drying pre-composition；It is dispersed in the water of 20L per 2g Powdered bentonites；
Third walks, and under the protection of argon gas, using programmed temperature method, will be dried according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min pre-
Mixed object is heated to 100 DEG C, then insulation reaction 1.5h is heated to 300 DEG C, insulation reaction according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min
1h, then 400 DEG C of insulation reaction 1.5h are heated to the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, last furnace cooling obtains charcoal/swelling
Soil composite material.
Embodiment five
The preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
The first step crushes bentonite, then crosses 200 mesh sieve, obtains Powdered bentonite；Abandoned white potato skin is gone
Miscellaneous powder is broken and then crosses 200 mesh sieve, and washing obtains powdery potato skin；
Second step, according to 2:0.3 mass ratio, Powdered bentonite is distributed in water, and powdery potato is then added thereto
Skin stirs 0.5h, then dries moisture at 75 DEG C, obtains drying pre-composition；It is dispersed in the water of 20L per 2g Powdered bentonites；
Third walks, and under the protection of argon gas, using programmed temperature method, will be dried according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min pre-
Mixed object is heated to 160 DEG C, then insulation reaction 1h is heated to 250 DEG C, insulation reaction according to the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min
0.8h, then be heated to 450 DEG C of insulation reaction 0.5h with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, last furnace cooling obtain charcoal/swollen
Moisten soil composite material.
Comparative example one
The preparation method for charcoal/bentonite composite material that this comparative example provides includes the following steps：
The first step crushes bentonite, then crosses 200 mesh sieve, obtains Powdered bentonite；Discarded sweet potato skin is carried out
Impurity elimination crushes and then crosses 200 mesh sieve, and washing obtains powdery potato skin；
Second step, according to 2:0.1 mass ratio, Powdered bentonite is distributed in water, and powdery potato is then added thereto
Skin stirs 0.5h, then dries moisture at 65 DEG C, obtains drying pre-composition；It is dispersed in the water of 20L per 2g Powdered bentonites；
Third walks, and drying pre-composition is heated 2 hours at a temperature of 150 DEG C, it is compound to obtain charcoal/bentonite
Material.
Comparative example two
The first step crushes bentonite, then crosses 200 mesh sieve, obtains Powdered bentonite；Discarded sweet potato skin is carried out
Impurity elimination crushes and then crosses 200 mesh sieve, and washing obtains powdery potato skin；
Second step, according to 2:0.1 mass ratio, Powdered bentonite is distributed in water, and powdery potato is then added thereto
Skin stirs 0.5h, then dries moisture at 65 DEG C, obtains drying pre-composition；It is dispersed in the water of 20L per 2g Powdered bentonites；
Third walks, and drying pre-composition is heated 2 hours at a temperature of 600 DEG C, it is compound to obtain charcoal/bentonite
Material.
1 embodiment of table and comparative example counterweight metal adsorption performance comparison result
The result obtained by embodiment and comparative example is it is found that using charcoal/swelling obtained by the embodiment of the present invention
Soil composite material large specific surface area, it is also bigger to the adsorption capacity of heavy metal in soil processing.And charcoal/bentonite is compound
Material shows the life prepared at optimum conditions to the pollutants adsorption experiment such as heavy metal in soil ion Cu, Cr (VI), Pb
Object charcoal/bentonite composite material reaches 90% or more to the removal effect of heavy metal in soil.Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention provides
Charcoal/bentonite composite material can be in terms of preparing soil heavy mental adsorbent application.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material, which is characterized in that including：
Bentonite is crushed, is then sieved, Powdered bentonite is obtained；Discarded sweet potato skin is crushed and then is sieved, is obtained
To powdery sweet potato skin；
Powdered bentonite and powdery sweet potato skin are evenly spread in water, moisture is then dried, obtains drying pre-composition；
Under the protection of inert gas, the bentonite mixed and powdery sweet potato skin are formed by drying pre-composition heating
To 100 DEG C -150 DEG C, insulation reaction 0.5h-1.5h, 200 DEG C -300 DEG C, 0 .5h-1h of insulation reaction are then heated to, is finally added
Heat obtains charcoal/bentonite composite material to 400 DEG C of -600 DEG C of insulation reaction 1h-1.5h so that the powder in drying pre-composition
Shape sweet potato skin carbonizes, and obtains charcoal/bentonite composite material；Wherein, bentonite and powdery sweet potato in the drying pre-composition
The mass ratio of skin is 2:（0.1~0.5）.
2. the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the powdery
Bentonitic granularity is the mesh of 150 mesh~200, and the granularity of the powdery sweet potato skin is -200 mesh of 150 mesh.
3. the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the drying
Temperature used in moisture is 60 DEG C -80 DEG C.
4. the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the swelling
Soil is powdery sodium bentonite.
5. the preparation method of charcoal/bentonite composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that drying is pre-
Mixed object is heated to 100 DEG C -150 DEG C, and used heating rate is 0.5 DEG C/min；It is heated to 200 DEG C -300 DEG C, it is used
Heating rate is 0.5 DEG C/min；400 DEG C -600 DEG C are heated to, used heating rate is 1 DEG C/min.
6. a kind of charcoal/bentonite composite material, it is characterised in that：Using claim 1-5 any one of them charcoal/
The preparation method of bentonite composite material obtains, and the specific surface area of the charcoal/bentonite composite material is 59 .13 m2/
g-65.26m2/ g, the adsorption capacity to heavy metal in soil are 105 mg/g -118mg/g.
7. application of the charcoal/bentonite composite material in terms of preparing soil heavy mental adsorbent described in claim 6.
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| CN108607508A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-10-02 | 句容康泰膨润土有限公司 | A kind of high absorption capacity sodium base bentonite preparation method |
| CN110496596A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-26 | 南京理工大学 | Charcoal-montmorillonite composite material and its preparation method and application |
| CN108889273A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-27 | 安徽师范大学 | A kind of preparation method and applications of composite adsorbing material |
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| CN110746976A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-02-04 | 北京乾景园林股份有限公司 | Soil remediation agent for passivating soil heavy metals and preparation method thereof |
| CN110776148A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-11 | 柏威达(南京)环境科技有限公司 | Industrial wastewater treatment method containing metal ions |
| CN111040768B (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2021-07-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Preparation of bentonite modified hydrothermal carbon material and application of bentonite modified hydrothermal carbon material in non-point source pollution emission reduction |
| CN111729644A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-02 | 河海大学 | Biochar-bentonite porous composite ball and preparation method thereof |
| CN114700033A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-07-05 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Nitrogen and phosphorus control and aquatic plant habitat restoration material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114210304A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-22 | 山东山科生态环境研究院有限公司 | Biological carbon/bentonite composite material loaded with humic acid and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN105062495B (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2018-07-13 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of heavy metal stabilizer |
| CN106518228A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 青岛农业大学 | Biochar-based fertilizer with effect of reducing heavy metal cadmium absorption of vegetables and application method thereof |
| CN106512970A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-03-22 | 湖南大学 | Method for preparing montmorillonite/biochar composite material through one-step type carbonization activation and application of montmorillonite/biochar composite material |
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